2022년 2월 21일 월요일

Korean cultural assets in Japan.

 It is a Buddha statue representing the Tokyo National Museum, which is a seated Buddha statue and a gilt-bronze Ilgwang Samjon Buddha statue (taken by the Tokyo National Museum) and is a work of the Goguryeo and Baekje periods. It is a work dedicated to the museum at Horyusa Temple, founded by Prince Shotoku under the guidance of monks from Baekje and Goguryeo, and you can gauge Baekje's high-quality gilt-bronze Buddha production technology. 


The standing gilt-bronze Buddha and the standing gilt-bronze Bodhisattva Bansang (the director of the Tokyo National Museum) are statues of Baekje Buddha excavated from the Bowonsa Temple Site in Seosan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, and clearly represent the Baekje style. The Gilt-bronze Bodhisattva Bangasang is the oldest Buddha statue that has arrived in the Three Kingdoms Period and has the same pattern as relics excavated from the tomb of King Muyeol. 


It is a stone standing on the left and right sides of the tomb along with no stones as a gate stone of the Joseon Dynasty (Director of the Tokyo National Museum). Due to the looting of the Japanese colonial rule, this gate stone, which is housed in the Tokyo Museum, stands unattended as if it were hidden on one side of the reservoir. 


Yangryu Gwaneumdo, known to have been painted by painter Hyeheo during the Goryeo Dynasty, is known to be the best masterpiece among Goryeo Buddhist paintings. The appearance of holding a water bottle in one hand and holding a willow in one hand and the flow of transparent cloth shows an elegant atmosphere with colorful decorations. In Sensosa Temple, Japan, it is treated as the most beautiful treasure along with Kang Hee-an's paintings and Seonggwaneum Bodhisattva. 


Amitabha Buddha (Director of the Tokyo Nezu Museum of Art) is a Buddha who gives light to the world of paradise and makes good people return to heaven. After the Unified Silla Dynasty, the Amitabha faith began to spread to all sects by Wonhyo and Uisang, and reached its peak in the Goryeo Dynasty. Amitabha Buddha, which is enshrined by the Nezu Museum of Art in Japan, can be said to be a masterpiece of Buddhist paintings in the early 14th century due to its meticulous composition and colorful colors. 


It is a small bell with a height of 127.5cm and a diameter of 76cm, built in 1688 (the 14th year of King Sukjong's reign) during the Joseon Dynasty. Unlike the 40 Korean species that are treated with great care in Japan, they are slowly collapsing, neglected on one side of the Nez Museum of Art. 


Bukgwan Daecheopbi Monument (Director Yasukuni shrine) was erected by Choi Chang-dae in 1709 (the 35th year of King Sukjong's reign) in commemoration of the defeat of the Japanese army by the righteous army of Gyeongseong and Gilju, who stood up around the main gate during the Imjin War. The inscription details the victory of Chungmugong and the activities of the righteous army. These important monuments stand on the grounds of Yasukuni shrine, the home of Japanese militarism. The monument to the Battle of Bukgwan, which Japan dragged like a spoil during the Russo-Japanese War and left it on one side of Yasukuni shrine, is still suffering from rain and wind and is gradually breaking down. 


Baekje Gwaneum (Director of Horyusa Temple) is a wooden Buddha made of Japanese green trees, and it is not known when it was called Baekje Gwaneum. Baekje Gwaneum, which is stored in Horyusa Temple, Japan, famous for its gold-dining murals, was called Baekje Gwaneum, along with a record of its arrival from Baekje in a document titled "Genrokujedang Bulcheryanggi (1698). Along with its slim figure, the mysterious smile around the mouth is beautiful enough to cause wonders, and the long lines of clothes flowing down from the shoulders to the legs add to the sublime and dignity of Buddhism. 


This work was painted by Damjing, a monk of Goguryeo, and was taken before it was destroyed in a fire in 1949. The current Geumdang mural was restored based on this photo, and in addition to the Sakyamuni Buddha Jeongto, paintings such as Amitabha Jeongto, Mireuk Jeongto, and Yaksa Jeongto are painted. The shape of Sakyamuni Buddha is beautiful and dignified to match the world-class treasure, the triangular composition of Buddha Triad is stable, and the five houses hanging over the head of Sakyamuni Buddha are interesting.   


It is a Bicheon statue under the ceiling of Horyusa Temple, and when the fire broke out in 1949, the small murals painted with this Bicheon statue were removed in advance and stored separately, so the disaster was avoided. The Bicheon statue, which is similar to the mural of Goguryeo tombs, expresses a fairy flying in the sky and was engraved not only on murals but also on bells. The hem of the clothes scattered in the wind was expressed thickly and the characters were thinned, which makes use of the soft curves with clear contrast. 


Takamatsu Ancient Tombs-Four Women's Murals (Takamatsu Ancient Tombs) are part of Takamatsu Ancient Tombs Asuka's Murals, which resemble the appearance of the three women of the Goguryeo Ssangyeongchong Tomb. Ssangyeongchong Tomb is an ancient tomb in the 5th and 6th centuries, and Takamatsuchong Ancient Tombs are presumed to be ancient tombs in the 7th and 8th centuries, which show that Japanese tombs were influenced by the three kingdoms. It has been said that the villages of Goguryeo people have developed around the ancient tombs. 


The Maitreya Bodhisattva Bansa Bodhisattva Statue, the No. 1 Japanese national treasure of Baekje Mireuk Bansa Temple, is very similar to the Korean national treasure No. 83 "Geumdong Mireuk Bansa Bodhisattva Statue." In addition, it is presumed that this Buddha statue, made of red pine that does not exist in Japan, was made in Silla or carved by a Silla craftsman after taking red pine from Silla. As the philosopher Jaspers praised, it expresses peace and ideal of mind as a symbol of the most eternal appearance. 


It is a masterpiece of the early Goryeo Dynasty (Director of Onoe Shrine) and is a large 127cm high bell. The celestial image engraved on the body of the bell is the same as that of Korea. In addition, the Seated Buddha, which has a thousand pieces under the stalactite, was made of the same mold as the Goryeo bell of Matsuetenrinsa Temple, and it is presumed to be a bell from the early Goryeo Dynasty, considering that the Yugwakdae pattern and the lower one are the same as this bell. Now, it is said that there is a crack in the lower part of the bell and the sound of the bell cannot be heard. 


There is a gilt-bronze crown excavated from the ancient tomb of Jisan-dong, Goryeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do (Gaya Kingdom), and a gilt-bronze crown excavated from the ancient tomb of Nihonmatsuyama, Yoshida-gun, Japan. The two gilt-bronze crowns are very similar in terms of their production period (the 5th and 6th centuries), which means that many of the relics in Japan were directly or indirectly influenced by Korea. 


It is a Buddhist painting from the Goryeo Dynasty that was stolen while being owned by Saifukusa Temple (stolen from Saifukusa Temple). The main goal of the Amitabha faith, which developed after the Unified Silla Dynasty, is to live a long life without illness and to be reborn in paradise, and the main scripture is the Three Kingdoms of the Land. Gwangyeongbyeonsangdo is a painting that shows 16 scenes of the paradise world based on the Amitabha faith. 


Suwol Gwaneumdo (Director of Saifukusa) Juya Shinsangdo (Suwol Gwaneumdo) is a painting depicting Juya-sin, the guardian deity of maritime transportation that protects the darkness of the night. Daya Shinsangdo, which has been widely believed since the Goryeo Dynasty, elaborately painted the daya god with gold teeth on a purple-colored silk. Gwaneum Bodhisattva is placed at the top, Seonjae-dongja is placed at the bottom and left, and silkworms, soju, and beasts are drawn between small waves. It is presumed that it was produced as a poem by a person with a surname of Song after King Gongmin at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, considering the prestigious nameplate slang "Gongdeokju Haman-gun wife" in the lower right corner of the painting. 


There is a gilt-bronze crown hat excavated from the Hunayama tomb in Japan on the left side of Geumok? Gwanmo-left side, and a gilt-bronze crown hat excavated from the 9th tomb in Sinchon-ri, Naju, Jeollanam-do. The two crown hats have almost the same shape, decoration, and production techniques. Almost all of the relics found in the Hunayama Ancient Tombs are cultural products of the Three Kingdoms period on the Korean Peninsula. Geumje earrings have many things in common with Gaya, and the gilt-bronze ritual is similar to those of Silla's Geumgwanchong, and Geumdongjegwan and Gwanmo follow the designs of Goguryeo and Gaya. In particular, considering that the 14 long swords show the characters of King Gaero of Baekje, the main character of this tomb is a figure at the end of the 5th century and has a special relationship with Baekje and Gaya. Or there is a theory that the king who ruled this region came directly from Baekje or Gaya and ruled.

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