There is an academic field called collective genetics. If molecular genetics, which has been booming for more than a decade, is an academic field that studies invisible areas based on DNA, a genetic material, collective genetics is somewhat different from this. It is a macroscopic area that observes the presence or absence of unusual genes in a specific region or group in a relationship. What does collective genetics look like when it comes to the Korean people alone? Dr. George Walliger (38) of Columbia University in the United States is considered a representative overseas researcher in Korean population genetics. Dr. Turwalliger is working on the "Korean Migration Project." Goryeo people living in a small village in Kazakhstan, Korean-Chinese in Yanbian, China, Korean adoptees from Sweden, and Koreans who have moved to the United States are of interest. This is to find out what diseases appear according to different environments while having the same genetic factor. Dr. Turwoliger, who visited Korea in January last year, explained, "There are few people whose genes are purely preserved as much as the Korean people."Is the Korean people pure and unified, as Dr. Turwoliger said? To prove this, many scholars have been steadily clinging to this issue. In 2001, a team led by Professor Lee Jung-joo of Seoul National University's Department of Bioscience published a paper in a domestic journal comparing the specific parts of mitochondrial DNA of 200 Koreans living in Seoul and Jeju. It was argued that it was not a nation that originated only in Mongolia. While the Y chromosome is a genetic trait that is exchanged only between rich people, mitochondrial DNA continues only through the mother and is known as a good research material for collective genetics. Cho Yong-jin, head of the Facial Research Institute at Hanseo University, who majored in art and anatomy, explained, "Even in the analysis results through features such as faces, about 20% of Koreans strongly represent the characteristics of the southern world." The southern system is characterized by thick eyebrows, double eyelids, and thick lips, while the northern system has small eyes, no double eyelids, a long nose, and a pointed tip. Han Seung-ho, a professor at Catholic University of Medicine, published a paper several years ago comparing and analyzing human white blood cell antigen (HLA) and found that Koreans were more compatible with the Aka, an alpine group in Thailand. Professor Han also pointed out that Koreans are not a single ethnic group separated from Mongolia, with their heads high from their ears to the top of their heads while Mongolians low. To solve these questions, the "Northeast Asian Functional Genome Project" was launched last year. Among them, an interesting one is the "Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Sequence between Koreans and Mongolians," which Professor Kim Jong-il of Hallym University Medical School is in charge of. The announcement of the results of the project, which will be held at Seoul National University Medical School on the 30th, made it clear that the Korean people are not from one ancestor. Professor Kim's team has completely completed sequencing analysis of 4,000 pairs, or 25% of the 16,000 pairs of mitochondrial DNA. The subjects of the analysis were 66 Koreans and 72 Mongolian Halha people. As a result of comparing between Koreans, the average base number showing the difference was 7.3. This means that there are about seven bases that show the difference among 4,000 pairs of bases. The rate of mutation in DNA is one out of one million, and in the case of mitochondrial DNA, it is a small probability of changing one in hundreds of years. In the end, the difference of 7.3 contradicts the single-ethnic theory that the Korean people split from one "Woongnyeo. Professor Kim said, "It is interpreted that the Korean people have not been one ancestor, but have already been separated from groups that have formed various combinations and have solidified into a nation." What is more interesting is that the average difference between Mongolians was 8.2. In other words, it is living evidence that Mongolian co-enemy came from a more complex combination. It is interpreted that this is not irrelevant to Mongolia's overseas invasion history. The average difference between Koreans and Mongolians was 7.8.
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