Since then, the Cold War between East and West has intensified, surrounding Nazi crime. In particular, the Soviet Union and other eastern regions have criticized Western countries for becoming a paradise for Nazi criminals. After the fall of Berlin, by November 1947, the U.S. side had spared no effort to hand over 1,292 war criminals to France, as well as other allied countries' trials, and to search for witnesses.
However, after the Cold War began, these demands were gradually rejected. It was clear that the Soviet Union and other Eastern countries had distrust of the Western countries' willingness to punish war criminals. Western countries have never delivered war criminals demanded by the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, or Hungary. The Soviet Union demanded the extradition of five generals, Gudelian, von Röttwitz, Reinepart, Rod, and von Formann, but the United States refused because they were not tried in the Neurmberg trial and were vital to the defense of the United States. In addition, it is a well-known fact that the United States has recruited a number of Nazi war criminals as intelligence agents or introduced them to the United States in order to use them against the Soviet Union and other communist countries. For example, a large number of leaders of the OUN, which was a Nazi organization in Belarus, flowed into the United States, and based on these facts, the Soviet Union constantly accused the United States of providing shelter to Nazi war criminals. Lithuania also criticized the U.S. policy of protecting war criminals by presenting the addresses of war criminals from their own countries living in the U.S. In fact, when it comes to the pursuit and punishment of Nazi war criminals, the communist bloc was more enthusiastic than the West. In 1986, East Germany arrested Henry Schmidt, Dresden's head of Geshtapo, for the slaughter of 720 Jews, and sentenced him to life in prison.
However, despite these mutual accusations and competition, they tracked down and identified Nazi criminals.Mutual cooperation was indispensable for deportation, prosecution, and trial. Various data archives on the location of the crime, the nationality of the criminal, the current residence of the criminal, and the crime changed with the end of the war, requiring cooperation from related countries.
The United States and the Soviet Union were cooperating within a certain range, especially by realizing this need for each other. The U.S. Attorney General met with the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union to pledge cooperation on the punishment of Nazi war criminals, and in fact, provided relevant witnesses and documents to play a major role in repatriating and prosecuting Nazi criminals. As shown later, most of the Nazi criminals who migrated to Western countries such as the United States and Canada were from the Eastern region, so data from the Soviet Union, which exercised control over the postwar Eastern region, became indispensable for identifying war criminals.
However, this cooperation was distrusted and undermined by political battles in a state of mutual cold war. In several cases, it was argued that the evidence provided by the Soviet Union and other eastern regions was fabricated for political purposes. For example, in the case of Artukovic, who served as the Minister of Interior and Justice of Croatia's Nazi puppet state, his son claimed that "it was manipulated by Yugoslavia for political purposes." Even his attorney concluded that it was "a tragic episode in the history of U.S. justice," agreeing that it was only a big case created by the Special Investigation Unit (OSI) of the U.S. Department of Justice to prove the need for its existence. The fact that OSI is a Soviet law enforcement agency with cooperation is actually KGB, and since the Soviet Union is under the control of KGB, there was a possibility of manipulation by KGB, which considers the confrontation between the two sides as a national security issue. In addition, there was an opinion that it was difficult to acknowledge the credibility of the testimony provided by the Soviet Union because it was made in the absence of all legal procedures guaranteed by the U.S. judicial process. Following these questions, the Ministry of Justice's rebuttal was announced that its own investigation into the appropriateness of the special investigation team's handling of the case and the allegation of evidence manipulation by the Soviet Union were not true and verified by U.S. The Cold War between East and West became the most important obstacle that made it impossible to completely punish Nazi criminals.
In the meantime, Jewish killings and Nazi crimes have already been forgotten as things of the past. In the mid-1970s alone, 48 criminal cases related to Nazi criminals were pending in West Germany, but the West German media showed no interest in this. West Germany was widely aware that "the price of the Nazi crime has already been paid, and the shadow has been overcome a long time ago."
From this swamp of oblivion, a situation was created to refresh the memory of Nazi crime again. With the expiration of the statute of limitations under the West German Criminal Act imminent, public opinion has risen not only within West Germany but also across Europe. There have been constant calls for impunity for Nazi war criminals, and the media have begun to deal with stories of horrific genocide during the war. In 1978, NBC of the U.S. aired a four-day series of "Holocaust," astonishing 1.2 million viewers.
Since then, a treaty to remove the statute of limitations for war criminals, including Nazi war criminals, has been adopted by the United Nations and measures to indefinitely extend the statute of limitations have been taken in West Germany. In 1972, a trial of deportation trial against Hermine Braunsteiner began in the United States for the first time as a deportation measure for Nazi war criminals, and until the 1980s, stories of many Nazi war criminals were discovered and deportation measures were taken. This was a time when the interest and pursuit of Nazi war criminals under the Bish regime of the three Baltic countries, Ukraine, Croatia, and France, which were allies of Germany, was focused rather than on Nazi war criminals in Germany.
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