2022년 3월 10일 목요일

Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 10. Liberation Army. (3)

 Although the unit organization of the Liberation Army was nearing the completion stage, the organization was reorganized due to the "quasi-Seung of the Korean Liberation Army Action Paragraph 9" demanded by the Liberation Army Command, and internally, the Korean People's Revolutionary Party was killed. Thus, the Liberation Army achieved military unification by completely combining armed forces. Accordingly, as the general command of the Liberation Army and the organization of each region were reorganized, and the Joseon Volunteer Corps was organized as the first zone of the Liberation Army, Kim Won-bong was newly inaugurated as a deputy commander of the Liberation Army. In line with the demands of the Chinese Military Commission, Chinese Yun Information was newly appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Liberation Army, and Chinese people such as Won Chul as Chief of Staff and Hwang So-mi as Chief of Staff and Chung Hoon joined the temporary General Command. However, as the Liberation Army was on track, China's range of interference narrowed, and in August 1943, only the chief of staff, lieutenants, the head of the Gun and the head of the military handling finances and military supplies were appointed as Chinese, and most of the executives were replaced by Korean officers. Meanwhile, nine junseungs, which were conditions for binding the Liberation Army, were canceled due to the efforts of the temporary government, and the organization system was reorganized under the Korea Liberation Army Submergence Organization Ordinance on December 9, 1944. General Commander Lee Chung-cheon, Chief of Staff Kim Hong-il, Senior Staff Chae Won-gae, Song Soo-chang, Deputy General Lee Bok-won, Kim Ja-dong, Secretary Yoon Kyung-bin, Chief of Staff Ji Bok-young, Choi Yong-deok, First Division, Lee Joon-sik. As a result of the reorganization, the first, second, and third zones were newly organized. Kim Won-bong was the head of the first zone organized during the Yongdae period of Joseon. The second zone was organized by integrating the first, second, and fifth zones, and the head of the zone was Lee Bum-seok. In this appointment, some say that Lee Bum-seok, who was the chief of staff at the initial general command, lowered his position and went to the commander, as if he were a Baekui Order, but this is not the case. The position by the organization was an unchanged treatment. However, it was the personnel measure of the commander-in-chief, who thought he was the most appropriate person in dealing with the reality of the chaotic zone 2 at the time, and it was also based on what he wanted. Meanwhile, the 6th branch of Jingmo, which had been making great achievements through the first-time recruitment activities, increased the number of people in the area, and General Ji Cheong-cheon asked the Ministry of Communications to organize the 6th branch as an official unit, and in March 1945. Through this process, the organization of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd zones of the period unit of Gwangbok-gun was completed. In addition to the unit during this period, there were the Inmyeon Dispatch Unit, which helped the British forces in India, the 3rd branch of the Chinese Army, the 9th Light Command, and the 9th Light Command gathered to educate and train young people. This change in the organization of the Liberation Army unit is directly linked to the development of the Liberation Army, which was organized with only 30 general command personnel in September 1940, and as of August 1945, the Korean Liberation Army developed a special operation with the British army. Compared to the forces of the Joseon Volunteer Army, which was assigned to the 8th National Revolutionary Army just before liberation and engaged in fierce guerrilla warfare against the Japanese, and the Korean platoon, which fought an anti-Japanese war. Then, let's take a closer look at the nine quasi-seungs raised by the Chinese Military Commission, which interfered with the military activities of the Liberation Army. General Ji Cheong-cheon, who was in charge of public negotiations as the commander-in-chief of the Liberation Army, encouraged the activities of the West Bank and each region and began negotiations with the Chinese authorities. Thus, in July 1941, Jang Gaeseok notified the establishment of the Korean Liberation Army through the efforts of the temporary government and Chinese factors supporting the Korean Liberation Army. However, this recognition has a clue that there is a restriction on the Chinese military government, and the Chinese Military Commission informed Ji Cheong-cheon in November 1941 of the so-called nine quasi-winners' recognition of "the Korean Liberation Army belongs to the plenary session and leads." In other words, it guaranteed aid to the Liberation Army and launched a joint operation against the Chinese army, but before entering the Korean border, it would be controlled by the Chinese Military Commission. These nine quasi-seungs meant that the temporary government was not recognized as the official government of Korea, and that the Liberation Army was not recognized as the national army of the temporary government. In response, various opinions were developed in the temporary government and the independence movement camp. Ji Cheong-cheon had no choice but to admit it while feeling the harshness of nine quasi-seungs. The reasons why the Liberation Army was unable to carry out an active anti-Japanese war at that time were as follows. First, the independence movement camp in China had already entered into the formation of the Liberation Army before signing a formal treaty with the Chinese authorities, but it was difficult to maintain the number of soldiers increased to 300 due to 100,000 won in subsidies and donations from Chinese women's committee. Second, it is impossible to delay the anti-Japanese struggle for military power, which the domestic people desperately desire. In other words, with the progress of the Sino-Japanese War, alliances between Germany, Italy, and Japanese imperialism were formed, and Japan's atmosphere to attack allied forces that aid China was likely to spread the war. In fact, Japan launched an air raid on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 to provoke the Pacific War. In this urgent global war situation, the Korean Liberation Army needed to participate in the war armed as soon as possible. Third, even if nine quasi-winners are approved, the Liberation Army will continue to work with the Provisional Government's Control Department and will also serve as a driving force for Korea's independence and revolutionary movement. With this basic position, it is necessary to temporarily approve the amendment because it will be possible to revise the nine quasi-win in the future. In addition, it was judged that if the armed battle of the Korean Liberation Army was prepared and advanced to Manchuria, it would be able to escape the arrest of nine quasi-seungs. Although the provisional government decided to accept nine quasi-winners through the 18th Cabinet meeting on November 19, it finally allowed the Gwangbuk-gun to receive official recognition from the Chinese government and solve the financial problems that have been struggling. However, although the Liberation Army was restricted by the Chinese Military Commission, the leaders of the Provisional Government such as President Kim Gu and the commanders of the Liberation Army such as Ji Cheong-cheon declared internally that the Liberation Army was directly under the Provisional Government. In addition, as the Pacific War broke out, the provisional government immediately declared a war against Japan and officially announced that Korea had already become one combat unit. Meanwhile, activities were carried out to revise the nine Junseungs, and through the 34th extraordinary parliamentary meeting held in October 1942, Kim Sang-deok, Cho Kyung-han, and Gong Jin-won were appointed as "special members of the nine ports," and the government organized small association, Cho So-ang, Kim Gyu-sik, and Park Chan-ik. However, the basic attitude of the Chinese authorities remained unchanged. In July 1943, Kim Gu, Hong Jin, Cho So-ang, and Ji Cheong-cheon met with Jang Ga-seok on behalf of the Provisional Government and Liberation Army, and exchanged opinions on the concerns of Korea and China, including approval and support of the Provisional Government. At the meeting, Zhang Gaeseok promised to further strengthen support for the Liberation Army, but even after the meeting, the Chinese Military Commission's attitude toward nine quasi-win remained unchanged. In this situation, at the extraordinary parliamentary meeting held in January 1943, opinions were expressed to declare the abolition of nine quasi-seungs by one-buck. However, due to the opinion that military activities could not be suspended, several negotiations were held again. Thus, formal negotiations between Korea and China began at the end of June 1944 due to the mediation of Chinese factors such as Oh Cheol-seong. The first meeting was hosted by Ji Cheong-cheon, the commander of the Korean Liberation Army, on June 22, attended by South Korean representatives Cho So-ang, Park Chan-ik, and Choi Deok-shin, and Chinese representatives Hu Sheng and Cho Deok-su attended to reach a general agreement on revising the nine quasi-seungs. Since then, there have been three more negotiations between these negotiators, and on July 10, Ha Eung-heum, head of the Chinese Military Commission, reported the results of the draft military agreement to Zhang Gae-seok and officially notified the temporary government of the cancellation of nine quasi-seungs. As a result, the Korea-China military agreement was resolved as requested by South Korea, and a new military agreement was concluded again from an equal standpoint. After consultation between Korea and China, a military agreement was signed on April 4, 1945, called the Original Korean Liberation Army Act.

As a result, the Korean Liberation Army belonged to the temporary government, fought an anti-Japanese war only within the Chinese border, and the temporary government was provided by China for military expenses in the form of loans, establishing the external prestige of the Korean temporary government. Thus, the Liberation Army further strengthened its independence and independence as a Korean army in the name and reality of the provisional government.

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