The mercenary's 11th-Mercenary Succession War in Austria eventually ended in the form of a showdown between the Spanish Netherlands, which ended with the Bourbon family winning the Spanish throne, but Louis XIV's territorial expansion policy, excluding the independent Netherlands. And it can be said that the real winners of this war were Britain and the Netherlands, which promoted European equilibrium policies to solidify the guidance of international trade, including colonies. If such a balance of power had collapsed even a little, Europe would immediately enter the war. Shortly after the war, Emperor Karl VI, who participated in the Spanish succession war dreaming of the revival of the Habsburg Great Empire established by King Karl V in the 16th century to succeed the Spanish Habsburg, will face a crisis of disconnection. Karl VI had no son. Therefore, the emperor abolished the ancient Germanic Code, which banned the inheritance of women, and created an inheritance ranking law for women to inherit in the Habsburg hereditary decree, so that Maria Thergia, the eldest daughter, could succeed him. And asked for the approval from the European powers and was approved. However, when Karl VI died on October 20, 1740, the European powers attacked Austria at once. It was the beginning of the Austrian Succession War. It was Friedrich II, king of Prussia, who first started the war. In fact, Friedrich II did not get along well with his father, King Friedrich William I, when he was the crown prince. He hated his father's behavior thoroughly, and his father also despised his son as a "rotten man like a woman" who only penetrated philosophy and literature books. Thus, Friedrich II sought to flee abroad, but was discovered and caught at the border. The military king angrily kills his friends who acted with him in front of his son with a sword. And at least the crown prince was in a position to be taken away, but at this time, emperor Karl VI mediated with these rich men and kept his position. In other words, for Friedrich II, Karl VI could be said to be a great benefactor. Less than two months after Karl VI's death, Friedrich II led 20,000 troops to surprise and occupy Austrian Schlezien. After this "most sensational crime in modern times" (British historian Gucci), Friedrich II was confronted with Maria Theregia, the iron woman of the Habsburg family, and the two later faced off until the seven-year war, leading to a total of 1 million casualties. Taking advantage of the Habsburg crisis, which was greatly gracious as soon as King Friedrich's military philosophy and literature books, he robbed part of Austria by committing a midwinter military action against military principles at the time. In addition, Friedrich II was a person who enjoyed playing the flute and chatting with the philosopher Voltaire while leading the Prussian Kingdom, the successor of the Brandenburg First Republic, to victory in several wars since the end of the 30 years war. Friedrich II, who has these two conflicting elements, was really a match for the word hero, and is actually named the Great King. At that time, Prussia had a population of about 3 million, but King Friedrich had 180,000 troops at the time of his throne thanks to his father's military king's plan to strengthen his country. The great king manages and augments this father's legacy well. First of all, the officers were thoroughly educated. When officers with foreign nationality were in any country, only Prussian officers were appointed. In other words, it was most important for Friedrich the Great to take control of the officer. As long as the officers were clear, the soldiers did not matter whether they were Prussian or foreign mercenaries. Like Louis XIV's method, the king alone made the army, which had previously been the same as the personal property of the officers, making the officers professional soldiers familiar with war technology, not former war entrepreneurs. Thus, the Prussian army became an elite army. Of course, a military school was needed to foster officers like that. A "child school" was already established in Prussia. Its founding period is 1704, so you can see how fast it is compared to the establishment of military schools in 1776 and 1747 in France and England, respectively. Through these military schools, Friedrich the Great fostered officers who were loyal to him. Along with that, these Prussian officers, with skilled military skills, had absolute power in regiment or company, held leather sticks in their hands and trained soldiers to create a machine-like army. In addition, Friedrich the Great focused on fostering the Gyeonggi Military Company. If cavalry from other countries sprinted and attacked only about 700 meters, the Prussian Gyeonggi Military Company would sprint 1,800 meters at a time to launch a preemptive attack. Attacking each company at once like an electronic stone, which attacks at once without intervals, literally means, "About half of it was shot or fell into a trench or trap, and the neckbone was broken and died, but still, we had to move forward." It's because if you stop, you'll be stepped on by the troops that follow you," he said. As introduced in front of the Prussian military's hunting for soldiers, the well-trained elite army in Europe had a strange thing. First of all, I didn't study at night. During the march, Sukyeongji avoided the vicinity of the forest and chose the middle of the field. When marching in the forest, there was no dispatch of scouts for reconnaissance in front of 2,300 meters, placing sports soldiers on both sides of the infantry. After the victory of the battle, there were few cases of hunting for fallen soldiers. What's the reason? The answer is rather simple. All of that was a means to prevent soldiers from escaping. In other words, the biggest weakness of the elite Prussian army was the escape of soldiers. Most of the Prussian soldiers were not Prussian. Prussia did not have a conscription system, but Prussian citizens and farmers had no intention of sacrificing their lives for the king, and Friedrich the Great also did not want to attract Prussian people to the army. This was because hiring foreign mercenaries worked cheaper because taxes were reduced. However, starting with each German empire, there was no way that there were so many foreigners who wanted to apply for the Prussian army in such a large amount. In that respect, the violent impersonation of Prussian oil was carried out. It was rather fortunate that he fell for the candy application of the recruit, got drunk, and woke up, and became a soldier of the Prussian army. A farmer goes out to the city to sell crops grown by them. However, he suddenly went missing, and a few months later, among the Prussian soldiers marching by his wife in the same village, he saw a farmer walking with a lost face as if giving up everything. Things like this were common. Prussian recruitment officers did everything they could to achieve their purpose. By mobilizing all means such as kidnapping, fraud, and violence, it attracted all men who could be used as soldiers not only in Prussian territory but also abroad. Even yesterday, a person who was a guard in a German empire was forced to join the Prussian army today. Therefore, the Prussian army became a group of people from various countries. And waiting for those who were kidnapped and forcibly enlisted were officers with leather sticks in their hands, strict discipline and harsh military training. Thus, the soldiers only sought the opportunity to escape, and monitoring those soldiers was the Gyeonggi Military Company, which King Friedrich, who consisted of all assistants, boasted. It could be said to be forced arrest, forced labor, mercenary slaves, and soldier hunting. What made these possible was evidence that the king of Prussia was given absolute power. Under these preconditions, mercenaries had no choice but to try to escape without pride as a free warrior or to conform and become a cogwheel in a huge military organization. In fact, this forced recruitment began when Friedrich the Great's father, King Soldier. In the case of the military king, he enjoyed gathering the guards into strong men who were called giants. Therefore, recruitment officers had to use various means to gather giants. What's interesting is that Friedrich's recruitment method coincides with the method of wealth he hated so much. However, Friedrich the Great had nothing like his own wealth king. He was only much more evil than his wealth king. He only changed the map of Europe by forcibly attracting troops like horses and cows. In the meantime, he is evaluated as the Enlightenment monarch, saying, "Jim is the first servant of the country." In fact, he was a cruel and heartless monarch rare in history. But around that time, even Friedrich the Great, who did not think of people as above, said, "If Bang-baek was a graduate of my school, he would not have sold Young-min to England as if selling livestock and taken from the battlefield. This is due to the evil nature of a lord. Such transactions can only be caused by dirty egos. I feel sorry for the Hessians who have to end their lives unfortunately and uselessly in America." It was truly a German mercenary history. A German mercenary sold to the Americas, a shot at a mansion of Mrs. Millford, the attachment of a German lord. The lord's old servant comes to deliver the jewelry that has just arrived from Venice. The wife is surprised by the wonderful jewel, and the lord asks the old servant how much he paid for it. At the old servant's answer, "I didn't pay a penny," the wife is surprised and the old servant's words continue. "Yesterday, 7,000 English people were sent to America. That's how the payment was made." The wife, who didn't understand somehow, just wandered around the room. And he realizes that tears are formed in the eyes of the old servant and asks.
"What's going on?" "Are you crying?" "They're all precious people like these jewels". My child was also sent with a smile when asked by his wife, "But you didn't force him to send it, did you?" "No, everyone left with joy. Some arrogant young people came forward and asked the regiment chief how much the lord sold per person. At the order of the lord, they all lined up in the training ground and rather wrapped up guns and defeated them when people flocked. Everyone shouted. Hurray! Forward to America!" It is a scene in Chapter 2 of Act 2 of Friedrich Fonsiller's Liver and Love. The Seven-Year War was a war in which the European powers were divided into Austria, France, the Russian Union, Prussia, and the British Union. What is noteworthy here is that the Austrian Habsburg family, led by Empress Maria Theregia, separated from Britain, traditionally a friendly country, and joined hands with the French Bourbon family, a long-standing enemy. It was so-called "replacement of allies." Meanwhile, Britain changed its continental policy and turned to Prussian support, but for Britain anyway, the battlefield was North America, not Europe. In other words, for Britain, this war was a colonial war against France. Therefore, in England, the seven-year war is called the French Indian War. The French Indian War eventually ends with an overwhelming victory for Britain. France loses North America's territory. Of course, the victorious Britain also suffers from state finances due to enormous war expenses, and various taxes are imposed on colonies in North America to fill the hole. Eventually, the British colony in North America revolts and the American Revolutionary War begins. In an all-out war against 13 independent states, not against French counterparts, such as the French Indian War, the reinforcement of the Army was necessary for Britain, which is famous as a naval country. And Britain sought supplementation of suppression forces from each empire in Germany. This was the beginning of the German mercenary history described in Schiller's Liver and Love. Schiller criticizes that even though it is in a comedy to the extent that some of the German lords sold Yeongmins to England to prepare jewelry for their pets. Of course, it was a little exaggerated with fiction, but there was also a lord who did something similar. It was Friedrich II of Hessen and Casselbangbaek, who King Friedrich accused of being a "dirty ego." This is the number of mercenaries sold to Britain by German descendants during the American Independence War, which lasted for a total of 298678 years, including Brownschweik 5723 Hessen, Katssel 16992 Hessen, and Hanau 2422 Ansbaha Viroit 2353 Balek 1225 Anhalt and Selfst 1152. It can be seen that there are particularly many Hessen and Katsselbangga. It was never because Bangbaek Friedrich II was the brother of King George III and his servant. For Hessen and Katschel Bangbaekga, who have no industry to put forward in the compound and only have nearly 400,000 farmers, Yeongmin's foreign mercenaryization has been a so-called family business for generations in the family. In this British business, Bangbaek earned a total of 450,000 kronen, including 30 kronen per soldier, 7 pounds and 4 shillings, and other subsidies. And this money did not cut taxes, but it was just spent on the luxurious waste of room. Napoleon, who expelled Hessen and Katsselga 30 years later, said, "Hessen and Katssel Bangbaek have sold Young-min to England for a long time and gained enormous wealth, but their greed has not stopped. That's the reason for the collapse of Hessen and Katsselga, he writes. Anyway, each of Germany's emperors starts hunting for soldiers for money from Britain. First of all, it aims for unskilled people, wandering seals, entertainers, gypsies, drunkards, and thieves. In addition, if he was still short of searching for prisons, mental hospitals, and bars, he had been kidnapping ordinary private houses. In addition, transportation of the kidnapped soldiers is mobilized in various ways to prevent them from escaping, threatening them with guns and knives, avoiding the city or village where the soldiers lived, and using only the designated accommodation. In the accommodation, the soldiers were undressed, and at meals, they were allowed to sit facing the wall, and at night, they were allowed to sleep with the lights on. Of the total 29867 German mercenaries sent to America, 1,2554 could not return to Germany. Of course, the soldiers who failed to return were also due to the clever operation of Washington, the commander of the U.S. Independence Army. Washington promised German mercenaries 50 acres of land for escape and 800 acres of land, cattle and pigs for the company commander who fled with 40 people. In addition, he said that the defectors do not have to participate in the independent army, but if they participate, they will raise their ranks and do not have to work in the camp. This worked to some extent. However, the majority of mercenaries who failed to return to Germany were also warriors. The American War of Independence, which was set in the background of German mercenaries, led to the victory of independent forces and the birth of the United States of America. And the spirit of revolution in this new world was passed down to Europe, the Old World, and led to the French Revolution. This will effectively end the mercenary system, which was the basic military system in Europe.
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