Descendants of Hongshan Culture: Pan-Tungus History-Cultural Conquest Dynasties of Hongshan Culture: Pan-Tungus History-Tungus History-Cultural Dynasties: Pan-Tungshan Culture, which is completely different from the Chinese continent's Angso-Yongsan Cultural Heritage. Four of the five conquering dynasties in China were from the "Senbi-Tungus" tribe that spoke the Althai language. The Mongolian grassland, a professor at Seoul National University, is the home of the Huns, the ancestors of the Turkic people and possibly the ancestors of the Mongolian people. Fagan (2004: 201) said, "The grassland acts like a pump, and when it rains enough, pastures and livestock grow well and absorb nomads, but when drought continues, these nomads are driven to neighboring areas and neighboring countries. Around the 9th century B.C., the grassland climate suddenly became cold and dry, and the pastures of the Mongolian plateau were the first to be affected by this climate change. Around the 8th century B.C., drought drove nomads from the grasslands to mainland China. They were repelled by the Han, and a chain reactionary ethnic migration led some nomads to the Danube basin, the eastern border of Europe, the Celtic world. 1. The Mongolian Plateau, starting from the western border of Manchuria to the Hungarian plains. At first glance, the Altai Mountains and the Cheonsan Mountains meet each other to cut off the Eurasian prairie, but if you look closely, there is a large gap around the Imil River in Tarbagatai, indicating that the prairies are continuously connected. For Mongolian cavalry, the Eurasian meadow meant a weather-passing highway that started from the banks of the Orkhon River flowing into Lake Baikal and continued to run through the plains of Kazakhstan and Russia to the Hungarian plains. Since sleeping, it has been a completely different traffic route from the Silk Road south of the Cheonsan Mountain Range, crossing the Taklamakan Desert, which means once you enter, and crossing the Pamil Plateau called the "roof of the world." The (Turkish) meadow west of Lake Balkash is close to sea level, but the Mongolian meadow is 1,500 meters above sea level on average, with temperatures rising to 38 degrees Celsius in midsummer and falling to minus 42 degrees Celsius in winter. The crisis is a dry meadow that divides Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia. The grassland in the north consists of the basin of small rivers flowing upstream of Lake Baikal and Heukryong River, and the eastern slope of the Altai Mountains. The Altaiji area exceeds 40 degrees Celsius in the middle of summer and has 18 hours of sunlight. The area around Lake Baikal corresponds to the border area where the Mongolian grassland turns into a Siberian forest area. Naemongol, which borders Daemagunsan Mountain in the south and Manchuria in the west, also supported numerous nomadic people while contacting the Ordoz Plain surrounded by horseshoe shape by the Yellow River. 2. The Dolgwol-Mongolians maintained lamb and raised goats, camels, cows, horses, etc. Manchuria is separated from the Mongolian grasslands, bordering the Daeheung Anryeong Mountain Range to the north and the Chilnodo-Yonsan Mountain Range to the south. The western Manchuria pasture stretches from the Sharamuren River-Nohapha basin to the West Yoha basin, which is surrounded by the eastern foot of the Daeheung Anryeong Mountains and the Nuluerhu Mountains. This is the home of the scholars, and you can feel that Mongolia's influence was strong culturally. The plains of the Songhwagang River basin are surrounded by dense forests in the east, and are connected to the Yoha basin plain in the southwest while descending from the tip of Siberia to the Yalu River on the Korean Peninsula to form the so-called Northeast Plain. The so-called Dongyi people who lived in the central plains and eastern forest areas of Manchuria ate pork. Many people seek to find the etymology of "Tungus" based on the fact that pigs are called "Tongoos" in the Mongolian language, which, according to Janhunen (1996:221), lacks linguistic validity. The remains of the Neolithic Hongsan Culture (4000-3000 BC) are concentrated in the Yoseo area.3 The Hongsan culture is a culture achieved by people completely different from the Anso culture in the middle-Wisu basin of the Yellow River and the race that caused the Yongsan culture in the Yellow River basin. Relics of the Hongsan culture include various ritual tools, human body sculptures made of clay, jade animal shapes, and dye-coated tubular tubes, and evidence of raising livestock, including agricultural traditions and sheep and pigs using plows. Along with a blood transfusion pit built by digging the ground, reservoirs and braziers are also found, and red or gray sandy earthenware decorated with "Z"-shaped patterns, comb patterns, and knives made of colored earthenware and earthenware kilns, used to harvest sorghum. In addition, traces of public buildings where religious ceremonies and rituals were held are found, which can be assumed to be a complex society with social classification. Sculptures of other local cultural relics have been largely abstractly standardized, but sculptures of Hongsan culture have a very specific and realistic shape. According to Barnes (1993:109), Zulmun pottery, a product of the Dead Sea, Hongsan, and Silla cultures, is similar to comb-pattern pottery on the Korean Peninsula and is quite far from the Neolithic pottery form of mainland China. The Hongsan culture continues to the lower part of the Haga branch (2000-1500 BC) that uses Dong while continuing to use zulmun pottery. 4 Kwak Dae-soon (Nelson, 1995: 178), the executive chairman of the Chinese Archaeological Society, argues that the culture of the Yeon (1027-222 BC) country is linked to the lower-order culture of the Bronze Age. The animal mask patterns drawn on the colored earthenware at the bottom of the lower part of the lower part of the store were very early and were quite developed. It is said that this monster pattern tradition, which became the source of the Docheol pattern of the Sang Dynasty, existed in the Yeon Dynasty until around 300 B.C., the end of the Warring States Period. He also emphasized that Yeonna, during the Seoju (1122-771) period, had his own unique culture, which was very different from that of the Zhou Dynasty, and that the word Yeon was already engraved on the oracle Gapgol excavated from the lower cultural relics of Haga branch. Gwak Dae-soon found the origin of the culture of the old Yeon Dynasty from the lower culture of Haga branch, and ultimately dates back to the Hongsan culture. According to him, part of the lower culture of Haga branch moved south and created the Shang Dynasty culture, while the rest remained there and became the source of the Yeon Dynasty culture. (Nelson, 1995: See 148-9, 179) He thinks that if the lower culture is understood as a preliminary stage of the Yan culture during the Zhou Dynasty, it is close to the actual historical facts. Barnes (1993:157-8) says the bronze statue of a horse rider and a rabbit running (although it was officially recorded in 484 B.C.) found at a site on the upper floor of the Haga branch is the first physical evidence to prove the appearance of horseback riding tradition in East Asia. Barnes understands that nomadic culture emerged around the time of the occurrence of the upper culture of the lower store, and that the spread of this new nomadic culture served as an opportunity to transform the lower culture of the lower store into a higher culture. Barnes (1993:153) emphasizes the fact that the Bronze Age, which has already shown its traces in the Hongsan Cultural Era, comes to the upper culture period of the Haga branch and shows a wide variety of items in earnest. Based on the discovery of animal-patterned bronze products similar to skitai artifacts in West Asia, Haga's upper culture shared cultural traditions with nomads through contact with the Eurasian grasslands, and it was believed that this upper culture was passed down to the Korean Peninsula. Barnes also argues that as the ancient Yeon Dynasty entered the Yoha basin in southern Manchuria, it culturally fused various factors such as nomadic society, settlement-agricultural society, and state-level society. Bipa-shaped bronze dams are excavated from the ruins on the upper floor of the Haga branch, and unlike bronze daggers made by the Han people, blades and handles were separately cast. The non-wave-shaped bronze dagger on the Korean Peninsula originated from the upper culture of the Haga branch, and later changed to a fine bronze dagger and used until the early Iron Age. Unlike the lower floor, plain pottery is found on the upper floor of the lower point. In the Korean Peninsula and other areas of Manchuria, plain pottery has been used since around 2000 B.C., and the upper culture of Haga branch seems to have been influenced by these plain pottery users from the direction of the Yoha basin (as Kwak Dae-soon claims). According to the 5th Sagi, King Mu of Seoju sealed an area called Bukyeon to his relative Sogong (c.1027-1025 BC), and became the founder of the country he opened. However, it is recorded that there will be another Yeon Dynasty, that is, Namyeon, that does not belong to this fief. In the fraud, there is also a record that Muje sealed Joseon to a reporter from the royal family of the Shang Dynasty, who was destroyed at the time. During the period 311-279 BC, the kite attacked Dongho by making Jingae attack, and expanded its area to the northeast, and set up five counties (including Liaodong and Yoseo) in today's Nanha basin. A great great-great-grandfather (r.206-195 BC) sealed his old friend, Noh Gwan, as King Yeon, who later fled to the Hun, and the Hun appointed him King Dongho.
The fact that "Dongho" often appears in records about the Yeon Dynasty may help understand why the scholars called themselves Yeonwang when they called themselves Gong Son-yeon (237), Annok-san (756), and Sasamyeong (759) differentiated themselves from the Han tribe. Nelson (1995:252,14) argues that bronze products found in the northeastern region are found fairly early, especially in the Yoseo region, and that it is a great mistake to regard the culture of the northeastern region as a crude and barbaric plagiarism even when the Shang Dynasty is in its heyday. Nelson says Hongshan culture is distinctly different from that of the Middle Ages, and that they are by no means inferior to that of the Middle Ages, Janhunen (1996:224) believes that ancient Yanna did not have Chinese elements in the first place, and that the primitive Turko-Mongolese were the very early Yeonna. The scholar-Tungus history-cultural community, which speaks a primitive Altai language, is all connected to Hongsan culture. Therefore, if the Han people are referred to as descendants of Angso culture, the scholars-Tungus can be said to be descendants of Hongsan culture. Unlike the Anso-Yongsan culture of mainland China, the inheritance-winner of the Neolithic Hongshan cultural heritage of Liao is a cultural-historical community of the Pan-Senbi-Tungus lineage (sharing old traditions such as comb-pattern pottery, dolmen, and non-wave bronze swords) covering Manchuria. Four of the five conquering dynasties of China were from the "Senbi-Tungus" tribe that spoke the Althai language. East Asian History Lecture: 1-5 (January 22, 2005) Summary: Dr. Kang Hyun-sa 2005 2005 by Wontack Hong [Footnote] 1. Lamb (1995: 150) In China, the mildest climate since the Ice Age ended and drought occurred. According to Huntington's Climate-Pulse Behavior (1907), climate change causes nomadic migration and conquest, and as the drying cycle progresses and pastures dry up, nomads fight other nomads and eventually attack neighboring settled agricultural peoples. See Latimore (1961:331). Toynbee (1947: Vol. According to I-VI, 170), dryness and moisture are repeated periodically, but if the livestock raised by nomads is dried to a point where the size of the livestock raised by nomads cannot be maintained, nomads have no choice but to attack the surrounding civilized society. 2. The strong genetic characteristics of the species that spread from Lake Baikal are the result of evolution in the struggle to survive in the worst climate conditions of cold winters and hot summers, hunting, and primitive small-scale farming. Not only humans but also native horses in the Mongolian Plateau show genetic characteristics of strong endurance and survival ability, with a body covered with short and thick legs and dense fur as a result of the principle of natural selection-deficit survival. 3. The area of Hongsan culture crosses the Sharyamuren River to the north to the Mongolian plateau, the lower reaches of Yoha to the east, Balhae Bay to the south, and the Yeonsan Mountain Range to the west. Typical historical sites of Hongsan culture are mainly located around Nohapha, the Yeonggeumgang Valley in the suburbs of Jeokbong, and the Sharamuren River basin. In the Anso Cultural Site, no standing of a woman, a full body sculpture, or a joint temple where rituals were held, which are characteristics of Hongsan culture, are found. See Nelson (1995: 14, 25). 4. Nelson (1995: 148-9) believes that the lower culture of the lower part of the store comes from the local Hongsan culture, which stops for a while and leads to the upper part of the lower part. 5. Another unique relic that connects the Pan-Senbi-Tungus historical-cultural community, which speaks the original Altai language, is dolmens. Dolmen are often found in the Liaodong area and in the Jilin Province area, but the most common area in dense form is the Korean Peninsula. Northern dolmens appear to have appeared around the end of the comb-pattern pottery era, and southern dolmens seem to have appeared around the end of the Bronze Age, but these two types of dolmens have quite overlapping distribution areas. The construction of dolmens is thought to have stopped around 300 B.C.
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