Japanese military and military culture seen by Joseon scholars

 Kang Hang is one of the representative Confucian scholars who was taken to Japan during the Imjin War. Kang Hang was born in Yeonggwang, Jeolla-do, was also a writer of Yi Hwang, and after returning home, he wrote a book titled Gan Yang-rok. Ganyang refers to the loyalty of Somu, who was taken prisoner by a fierce anger, and the original title was Geongeorok, meaning a sinner, but when the book was published in 1656 (the 7th year of King Hyojong's reign), the disciples changed it to Ganyang to commemorate Ganghang's patriotism. It details Japan's geography, climate, humanities, and military expenses over the past three years, and Toyotomi's invasion of Joseon. In his Japanese dog book, he describes the following in [about the Japanese people's sexuality and foreign policy]. Ganghang's view of Japan is also related to Koreans' view of Japan today, giving great implications. "If a Japanese captain commits suicide due to the harm of a fight, all of his men voluntarily commit suicide. It would be one thing for both people and creatures that I want life from the Japanese leader and the Japanese graduate and hate death, but what is the reason why only the Japanese hate life while enjoying death? When asked, everyone answered as follows.    The Japanese minister (which means Shogun) monopolizes the interests of the people, and there is nothing that belongs to the people. So there is nothing to wear and eat unless you entrust yourself to the minister's house. Once I entrust myself to the minister's house, neither my body is mine.  If it is considered to be lacking in courage, it is not accepted wherever you go. If the knife on the waist is not good, it cannot be treated as a human being. If there is a knife mark on the face, it is considered a courageous man and receives generous rust. If the knife mark is behind the ear, it is regarded as a man who only runs away and is rejected. Therefore, it is better to do your best against the enemy than to die of not being able to wear and eat. Fighting with all your might is actually for yourself and not for the lord.  In short, the Japanese have snake venom, tiger and wolf-like greed, calm cruelty, and surprisingly belligerent character because they are not learned by nature, but because the law binds them to do so, and the reward and punishment system is the same. Therefore, even if Jang is incompetent, all the gods do their best, and even if most of the graduates are vulnerable, they all risk their lives against the enemy.    The world's anger always stems from neglect. In order to protect the wild people (Yeojin people), Korea has two Byeongmajeoldosa in the north and south, and two Byeongmapyeongsa (one each in Pyeongan-do and Hamgyeong-do) are appointed in the west and north, but they only follow common manners. It can be seen from this fact that the high-ranking position of Yi Pum does not mean that it is good at defense, but neglects the southern boundary and values the north. Even if it is a million wild men who have been thinking about it from an early age, they will not be enemies of 100,000 Japanese graduates. Nevertheless, the court belittles and values the North. I still don't know why.  About 50 years ago, Nam Man-seon landed in Japan.(It refers to the time when Hwaseungchong was introduced by a Portuguese ship in August 1543) The Namman ship was loaded with cannons, arrows, and gunpowder. The Japanese learned how to capture here. The Japanese were smart and learned well and spread new tactics throughout the country for 4,50 years. Therefore, the current Japanese invaders are not the old Japanese invaders. Therefore, our country's defense should not be the defense of the past. In other words, border expenses must be increased 100 times compared to the past. From now on, you can't win unless you change the abandoned wind that belittles others and values the North, unite the public sentiment, try to defend the border, choose a disguise to repair the fortress, maintain goodness, train soldiers, and equip weapons."    Kang Hang's interview describes the interpretation that the Japanese's aggression was not inherent, but rather out of the urgency of institutional survival. At the same time, he warns that even if the strength of the Japanese who died started from institutionalism, the Japanese are very smart and have learned modern tactics in a short period of time, so they should be wary of Japan and prepare. His view of Japan is enough to be understandable for today's descendants. In addition to Ganghang, after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, Joseon news agencies pay a lot of attention to the situation of Japanese military and armament and record it in their interviews. The gist of these interviews points out that Japan has a low culture but is a military powerhouse, and that there is a risk of re-invasion. Haeyurok, a travel essay by Shin Yu-han, who visited Japan as a ritual hall for Joseon Tongsinsa in 1719 (45th year of King Sukjong's reign), also mentions the custom of honoring Japanese troops and military service.   Most people eat rust by using knives. Or, learning to practice martial arts, making it seem like flying, hitting, and stabbing, and unexpectedly attacking others is considered important on sick leave. The country was rich and the military was strong, so his arms seemed to be waving at him to command 60 weeks. The Japanese like to kick swords around their waist, and when they are over 8 years old, there is no one who doesn't put a bosom on the left collar... ==> (When telecommunications companies visited Japan, they had many opportunities to contact the upper class warriors.) There is a large pavilion at the foot of Seosansa Temple, which is wide and open. Ten people with swords sat open and placed dozens of cannons on the artillery, and gunpowder was placed toward the sea, and Hwaseung was attached, as if they were about to fire in response to the enemy. In the place where the water circulates under the pavilion, there was a very large and oil-covered warship, and the sculptures were like armor, holding out the oars on the left and right, and seemed to run to the enemy. It is like this that they are armed and wait for the stool and do not rest day and night. In Japanese customs, if he tries to beat others, there will only be death.    After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, Tokugawa Ieyasu, who destroyed Hideyoshi's forces, established the Edo Shogunate, and Joseon and Japan have lived peacefully for nearly 300 years without any loyalty. In addition, Japan during the Edo Makbu period passionately accepts the cultures delivered by Joseon news agencies. However, this peaceful relationship was also passed on to the Joseon Dynasty after Admiral Perry, commander of the U.S. East Korean Fleet, led four Kurohune in 1853 and demanded the opening of ports, helplessly surrendered to the royal court and succeeded in establishing a Western-style modern state through Meiji Restoration. In the end, on August 29, 1910, the annexation of Korea and Japan was forcibly concluded with Japan, the only imperialist country in Asia, and Joseon eventually degenerated into a colony.   Concerns that the ancestors' Japan might invade the Korean Peninsula again eventually emerged after more than 200 years.