2022년 3월 8일 화요일

Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 2. Shinheung Military Academy.(1)

 Ji Cheong-cheon, who fled to Manchuria through the boundaries of Japanese imperialism, visited Shinheung School to train military personnel who could fight anti-Japanese warfare in the future after examining the situation of North and South Manchuria along with his companion Kim Eung-cheon. The meaning of Jicheongcheon Stream was to win independence through armed uprising. Since the Korean Empire's military power was too weak to fight against Japan, Ji Cheong-cheon wanted to fight against Japanese military power by training military talents and strengthening armed forces in Manchuria within a short period of time. At that time, Manchuria had a righteous army unit or soldiers from the former Korean army temporarily moved to Manchuria due to unfavorable power during the righteous army uprising in Korea, but there was no place other than the Nammanju Hanjok Association. Sinheung School was established in 1910 in Samwonpo, Yuha-hyeon under the name of Sinheung Training Center. Afterwards, it was relocated to Hoengha, Yeonhwa-hyeon, and renamed Shinheung Middle School. Shinheung Learning Center raised anti-Japanese fighters at Shinheung School by Lee Hoe-young, Lee Si-young, Lee Dong-nyeong, Lee Sang-ryong, Yeo Jun, and Kim Chang-hwan, who originally participated in the Shinminhoe in Korea and campaigned for independence. Existing emerging schools provided middle school-level general education and military training to patriotic young people, but systematic and modern military training were not conducted, and unlike grand aspirations at the time of its initial establishment, it was difficult to operate due to operational difficulties. However, in 1919, when the shouts of "Hooray for Independence against Korea" burned like flames of agents in all directions of Samcheon-ri and spread the wave of the March 1st Movement, a nonviolent and peaceful independence movement, the atmosphere of the independence movement also rose in response. In particular, as the roar of the March 1st Movement's great national independence was broken in front of Japan's armed forces, the need for a showdown against the armed uprising was increasing. During this period, Jicheongcheon Stream and Kim Eungcheon Stream, which combine modern military theory and experience, visited emerging schools with the latest military documents and military maps. The asylum of Ji Cheong-cheon and Kim Eung-cheon gave great courage to the independence movement camp, which was engaged in earnest activities to regain its homeland by cultivating the power of the people in foreign lands at that time, and even the entire Korean-American society. Thus, Sinheung School was reorganized into a full-fledged military training institution to train soldiers to carry out anti-Japanese warfare in the future, and its name was officially renamed Sinheung Military Academy. And on May 3, the opening ceremony of Military Academy was officially held. In order to foster a number of military officers to prepare for the anti-Japanese independence war, the school's functions were expanded extensively and military bases were built in three places: Yeonhwa-hyeon Ha Ni-ha, Yeonhwa-hyeon Chilgu, Kwaedae Hat, Yu Ha-hyeon Gosanja, and Hadong Daeduja. As a result, Ji Cheong-cheon's struggling anti-Japanese struggle began. It was the first step in 27 years of prosperous homelessness, such as Manchuria, old age, and Shanghai. As Sinheung School developed into an emerging military school, a two-year high-level military class was established in Gosanja, Yoo Ha-hyeon, to train high-quality executives, and to organize a branch school in Chill-gu and to conduct three months of general training and six months of candidate training. However, unlike the original plan, Shinheung Military Academy made efforts to quickly cultivate many military talents. It was also related to the movement to initiate an anti-Japanese war by rapidly strengthening armed force amid the enthusiasm for independence that was raised after the March 1st Movement. Accordingly, the training for the high military group was conducted for 6 months, and later, both the high military group and the elementary military group provided short-term education for 3 months. In Gosanja's High Military Class, Lee Chun-min, Yang Gyu-yeol, vice principal, and Yoon Ki-seop served as school superintendents, and Ji Cheong-cheon became the head of the school and worked hard to train with instructors Kim Eung-cheon, Shin Pal-gyun, Gye Yong-bo, and Baek Jong-ryul. In Ha Ni-ha's elementary military class, Lee Jang-nyeong was the superintendent, and Seong Jun-yong was the school commander, Park Doo-hee, Oh Kwang-seon, Lee Bum-seok, and Hong Jong-rin were the instructors to foster independent military officers. In particular, Ji Cheong-cheon, Kim Eung-cheon, and Shin Pal-gyun were called Manchuria Samcheon in the independence movement camp at the time, instilling confidence in the armed anti-Japanese struggle plan. However, Kim Eung-cheon went to Noryeong to purchase weapons and stayed there, and Shin Pal-gyun also moved to Honggyeong. In addition, Lee Chun-min, who had been the principal since he was in Shinheung School, also went to Beijing. Yoon Ki-seop moved to Shanghai, and Lee Jang-nyeong was appointed as the chief of staff of the Bukro-gun Military Government Unit. In addition, the Bukro Military Government requested that people be sent to establish a military training center, and Lee Bum-seok, Oh Sang-se, and Baek Jong-ryul, who were instructors at the Sinheung Military School, moved their activities to Bukro Military Government. Therefore, Jicheongcheon Stream took on virtually all the practical operations and curriculum of the Sinheung Military Academy, making his shoulders heavier. Jicheongcheon Stream normalized Shinheung Military Academy by spurring further military training. In order to stand at the height of the armed anti-Japanese struggle for independence of the motherland, patriotic people from various regions and organizations entered Shinheung Military Academy. Young Koreans from Japan, young people who have escaped from Korea, old people who participated in the righteous army uprising in the past, and young people dispatched from other armed anti-Japanese groups... Regardless of the age, region, or origin of Salo, he visited Shinheung Military Academy to stand on the front line of independence of his country. Non-governmental candidates from Korea and Manchuria gathered to celebrate their heyday, and furthermore, the power of armed anti-Japanese struggle forces became stronger day by day. However, not everyone was allowed to enter Shinheung Military Academy. It was possible only with a strong independent national spirit to enter Shinheung Military Academy, but Kim San, who received military training at Shinheung Military Academy at the time, testified that he took entrance tests for national history, Korean, geography, mathematics, and physical examinations to enter Shinheung Military Academy. There are few records of military training at Sinheung Military Academy, so it is not known in detail, but the educational content generally inherited the curriculum of Sinheung Middle School, and focused on fielding, land surveying, army criminal law, first aid medical, and training. He tried to inspire the cultivation of the national spirit through textbooks such as Hyeonchae's reading of youth, Hullbert's Korean history, Korean literature, and Kim Kyo-heon's spiritual history. Here, the basis of national spirit education was the Six items of the cause of the country of salvation at Sinheung Military Academy, including the spirit of rebellion against injustice, the spirit of sacrifice in the second mission, the spirit of victory in the third training, and the spirit of patience in the fourth simplicity. After exile, Ji Cheong-cheon planned to train many military talents and conduct a vacuum and massive anti-Japanese war in Korea. When training cadets without officials at Shinheung Military Academy, it was also aimed at securing strong armed force and advancing to Korea. Sinheung Military Academy has been having difficulty securing finances since its establishment, so it conducted military training, while covering the school finances through the Dunjeon system of farming. Despite financial difficulties, Shinheung Military Academy made earnest efforts to cultivate a large number of military talents without harming the compatriot society as much as possible with self-reliance as its basic policy. Due to not only economic difficulties but also geographical problems, it was not easy for Seoro Gunjeongseo and Sinheung Military Academy to purchase many guns. In the case of Bukro Gunjeongseo located in Bukmanju, it was easy to purchase guns through Russia, but it was not easy to purchase guns because the Seoseo Gunjeongseo, which runs the Sinheung Military Academy, was geographically far from Russia. At least the guns obtained were sent to each other's military sentiment units, and in the case of Shinheung Military Academy, they were mainly trained with carpentry guns. However, these training difficulties were not a major obstacle to the preparation process for the anti-Japanese struggle. This is because the passionate young people's will to regain their homeland has made up for the training problems. As such, it is said that 3,500 people graduated from Shinheung Military Academy in Manchuria with a strong will to independence their country. Armed with the noble spirit of completing the independence of the homeland, the ideology of the Shinheung Military Academy, they all participated in numerous independence movement organizations throughout Manchuria, the old age, and China, becoming warriors of salvation activities.


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