Roman triumvirate

 first triumvirate

The first triumvirate refers to a secret political partnership between Julius Caesar, Gnaius Pompeius Magnus, and Marcus Rikinius Krasus at the end of the Roman Republic.

The first triumvirate was founded in approximately 59 B.C. and was founded by three influential Roman figures in a relationship that sought each other's interests away from the eyes of the Senate, and it is believed that Julius Caesar was the advocate.

After returning to Rome in 60 B.C., Caesar joined hands with Pompeii against the Senate, which opposed him. If Pompey helped Caesar win his consul, Caesar secretly agreed to push for land allocation for Pompeii's veterans, and Crassus also brought him into a partnership.

In 59 B.C., Caesar was easily elected consul with Vibulus, a member of the Senate. Pompeii married Julius, the only child of Caesar, and Caesar married Calpurnia, the daughter of Lucius Piso. After becoming consul, Caesar reformed the Farmland Act and weakened the Senate with the support of Pompeii and Crassus in accordance with the Triumvirate Agreement. Seniors such as Kato and Cicero resisted, but were frustrated by the triumvirate who instigated the veterans and the people to put pressure on them. Vibulus, a co-consul, could not exert any power, and Caesar served virtually alone as consul for the rest of his term. In addition, Caesar simply passes the "Batinius Act" at the Civil Assembly through the power of the triumvirate. In this way, Caesar became governor of the three provinces of Gallia Transalpina, Gallia Kisalpina, and Ilya, and fought the Gallia War.

In 56 B.C., the three met again in Luca and re-established mutual interests. Pompeii and Crassus were promised to be elected consul the following year, and agreed to take control of Hispania and Syria, respectively, and Caesar agreed to extend Gaul's command for another five years. A total of 30 corps will be under their command, with 10 corps each capable of three people command three people. And in 55 B.C., Pompeii and Crassus were elected consul, and the senate candidates were defeated.

However, when Julia died in 54 B.C. and Crassus was killed in the Battle of Karhai while at war with Parthia the following year, the triumvirate faced a crisis, and Pompeii began to lean toward the "senatorial" faction. In Gaul, Caesar once again sought an alliance with Pompeii in a political marriage, but was rejected, and Pompeii married the daughter of the elder, Pine Metelus Scipio. This ended the first triumvirate, and Caesar and Pompeii became static.