The waterproof structure of Seokguram Hermitage. "Thread".

 Waterproofing structure of Seokguram, which was established ‘clue’, Sung Nak-joo, was first public pictures, In the 1910s, the relevant section of waterproof to over triple assessment “valuable materials to Roof Waterproofing Method” and the verification “group think the initial structure” views are Seokguram cave roof structure is clearly shown a picture revealed for the first time. Art historian Sung Nak-ju recently obtained and released a photo album "Silla Jeokseokgulam Stone Buddha" from "Geishu Toyogen (Geishu Toyogen)," which specialized in producing postcards related to Gyeongju at the time of Japanese colonial era, in 1912. The 1912, a filmed around November last year, Sung Nak-joo, was serially over the over since I've seen the same title, which in a ‘Seokguram circular argument’ introduced (同名) a photo album of the two to three months earlier than estimated to be made. 

In particular, the photo titled "Seokguram Entrance" in this photo album shows the appearance of Seokguram Hermitage that collapsed in the 1910s, and the front of the roof is exposed as it is, providing clues to the origin of the Seokguram roof structure unknown to academia. In the meantime, academia, Seokguram Grotto, thickly covered with dirt and mud on the Roof structure is a stone dome of the principal room, any overlaying filmlike an alternative view was that the tiled roof on it again. However, the photo released by Seong Nak-ju clearly shows the roof tiles covered in parallel between the soil layers of the collapsed Seokguram Hermitage, so it is clear that the roof structure of Seokguram Hermitage was not just covered with soil layers on the dome, but also installed tiles in the middle. Sung Nak-ju said, "If you look closely at the photo found this time, you can see the end of the Sukiwa buried in a pile of soil on top of the thousand stones, and the roof structure of Seokguram Rock is a triple tile structure with tiles covered on top of it." He also stressed it “The soil, and roof tiles are among the facility is the Dome to organize and prevent infiltration is a stone as much as possible rain and snowmelt for showing the shape of the waterproofing structure”. Sung Tohamsan 1962, according to the weather, according to data the number of days of 134 days and number of foggy days is 123 days, freezing days was 11 days of sunshine to be rare. As a result, Seokguram Grotto, the waterproofing at the time of need drastic measures, using the Silla people and to penetrate the interior to block the water. Dongguk University art professor and munmyeongdae “In the 1910s, the collapse of Seokguram, which are ever released a few times, but this picture of the waterproofing structure is clearly exposed an alleged photo of this is the first time” he said, “roof of the Seokguram Grotto in the next round to studying the architecture is valuable materials will be” he said. But gyeongjudae iganggeun, is “This is Seokguram cave roof structure in view of the time create a picture published on there is simply not realistic.” and “the form is the Joseon Dynasty and exposed to heavy water facility seems to be in the process of the Joseon Dynasty and soil between the tiles that destroyed the roof, sliding down together to Further research is needed.”, pointed out. Regarding this, Sung Nak-joo, was “Seokguram was created by AdoHwasang during the decay and the heavy water, even if repeated since the introduction of an ancient ceremony at present, Due to the likely that the round to follow the (古式) at a large crowd is not.” said. Reporter Kwon Oh-young on 20 pages of related articles oyemc@beopbo.com <2005-01-12/787> Input date: 2005-01-109:02 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In particular, the photo album, titled ‘the entrance to Seokguram’ contained in the photo of Seokguram not been known to the roof for the valuable materials to know the structure is being considered. What was said to be, Sung Nak-joo, was released photo of Seokguram cave entrance and the posting as a special occasion. As the editor knows, Seokguram Hermitage had to endure the tyranny of various nature for over 1,000 years since its foundation due to geopolitical conditions facing the mountains of about 500 meters above sea level, especially the East Sea.  Photograph of "Seokguram Entrance" in the photo album "Sillajeok Seokguram Stone Buddha" The three-story structure of roof tiles is exposed above the thousand stones. It has always suffered from sea breezes and valley winds, as well as fog and snow rain, moisture caused by them, and winter freeze and animal invasions. For example, according to weather data from Tohamsan Mountain in 1962, there were few normal days throughout the year, including 134 rainfall days, 40 snowfall days, 123 fog days, and 110 freezing days. The Silla people would have been seriously aware of that from the stage of location selection and repeatedly agonized over preparing measures. Presumably, it is believed that the former part of the room was reached without much controversy. This is because furniture of wooden jade according to tradition and common sense can minimize damage from bad weather and invasion of animals. However, in the case of the kitchen, it would not have been an easy problem. This is because the roof is an unprecedented dome style made of pure stone that has never been attempted throughout Asia. In particular, blocking rainwater and melted snow from penetrating the interior of 108 stone cracks and maintaining the indoor temperature in cold weather was a decisive issue in determining the success of artificial stone cave-style Buddhist sanctuary. Special measures were essential. How did the Silla people solve the difficulty? Until now, the roof structure of the main room of Seokguram Hermitage has been in the blind spot of the study. The lack of data is the biggest cause, for example, as shown in <Photo 1>, most of the front photos of Seokguram Hermitage in the early 20th century had no way of knowing the reality above Cheongaeseok. <Photo 2> was taken in 1913 when the Japanese imperialism began its full dismantling, and it was almost the only one to see the top of a thousand stones, but it was in poor condition, so meaningful information could not be drawn. In that respect, <Photo 3> was a very rare material. This is because it was clearly confirmed that the roof of Jusil was covered like a cone. In the end, it has been a general view so far that the roof structure of the main room is a stone dome covered with thick soil and mud, and a tiled roof is covered on it. Photo 3 The tile roof of the main room of Seokguram Hermitage around 1910. "Photo 1" The front photo of Seokguram Hermitage in the early 20th century. Photo 2 Before the Japanese dismantled and repaired Seokguram Hermitage in 1913.  In connection with this very issue, <Photo 4> of <Silla Historic Stone Cave Stone Buddha> 2, which I saved this time, has great significance. This is because it briefly shows how the ancestors handled the part through the thick soil layer clearly revealed between the ceiling stone and the tiled roof. As the front of the roof is depressed, tiles and piles of dirt flow down, making it seem that the cross-section is cut off like Sirutteok, and tiles lined up in the middle stand out. It is a fact that has not been known so far, and a single layer of tiled roof was installed in the middle of the soil floor. It's not just that. If you closely observe the Cheongaeseok area, you can see the ends of Sukiwa lying down on the Cheongaeseok as it is buried in a pile of dirt. Unless it was pushed down from above, it is safe to see the remnants of the tile roof that covered the entire roof of the stone dome before covering the soil floor. In that way, although it is not yet in the stage of affirmation, it is possible to diagnose that all three layers of tiled roofs were installed on the stone roof, contrary to the perception so far. What can be fully sympathized with is that if soil is directly covered on the stone roof, dirt such as soil sand or dust will permeate the interior through the cracks of the fire, and there is no way to prevent the severe damage to the statues. In summary, three layers of tiled roofs and two layers of earth and stone layers were alternately installed on the roof of the stone dome in the main room of Seokguram Hermitage. It was a groundbreaking method that fundamentally blocked leaks such as rainwater, as well as a thermal function in the city in winter, and a buffer that absorbs shocks such as earthquakes. In short, the roof of the main room of Seokguram Hermitage was built much more densely and perfectly than we expected. Of course, since it would have been repeatedly deteriorated and reconstructed since its foundation, it cannot be asserted that the appearance of "Photo 4" is the same as the structure of the Silla period. However, even if there was reconstruction, it is highly likely that it would have followed the old style, so it is not a big group to be considered the closest original form at the moment. However, one of the poems of the Joseon Dynasty described the appearance of Seokguram in the shape of an ancient tomb, so whether the top tile roof was covered with soil again is a task to be strictly examined in the future. Anyway, the above fact is directly related to the issue of the existence of the current wooden room in the middle of the so-called Seokguram circular debate for decades. This is because if there is no protection facility in the front room, rainwater flowing down from the tiled roof in front of the main stream will pour like a waterfall from the eaves to the arch-shaped roof of the memorial hall and the floor of the front room. Therefore, the three-layer tile roof of the main room revealed above would have been designed to turn the excellence to the outside in an organic relationship with the wooden room from the beginning. Above all, it is sophisticated that Silla architects, who were worried that even a drop of water would permeate the interior of the temple, left the entire room and the monument unprotected. Rather, all kinds of tricks would have been used to construct a protective facility for Jiseonjimi, which was much stronger and more encouraged than the current wooden jade. As such, the historical value of <Photo 4> is sufficient in that it reminds us of how vain some academia's theory of demolition of wooden rooms is. Currently, the entire cylindrical outer wall and dome-shaped roof of the stone cave are hideously covered with double concrete layers. The first head was wrapped in cement in the repair work under the Japanese colonial rule, ignoring the traditional roof structure, and the second head was rebuilt in the 1960s as an inevitable measure to reduce damage such as leakage caused by the first head.

Their dismantling is a top priority for the restoration of the original stone cave, but unfortunately, it is difficult to touch until the concern of damage to the statues disappears. However, there is no full-fledged discussion in our academic community on what to do after removing them and the roof structure to be given. The so-called protists who said they should be removed immediately also raised their voices but have never come up with specific alternatives. It is truly an irresponsible current state of our academic community, and our attitude to take at this point is to focus on discovering and researching new data in case the cowards are demolished in the future. Finally, while looking forward to the restoration of the original state of Seokguram Hermitage, the traditional roof structure, which consists of triple tiled roofs and double earth layers, is presented as a draft. I do not hesitate to look for the deep interest and texture of those with bright eyes who love Seokguram Hermitage.