Bad things about Nakrang Relics during the Japanese colonial period.

 In October 1909, Sekino, a Japanese expert who launched a second historical investigation under the commission of the Korean government under the Japanese colonial rule, reached Pyongyang with two assistants, Tani and Guriyama. At that time, they were first told by Sarakawa, the Japanese president of the (Pyongyang Ilbo), that there were many unknown tombs clustered in Daedong-myeon, the southern coast of the Daedong River. Sekino and his party changed their schedule and immediately turned to it. Indeed, very old tombs were scattered. They immediately went into the cave to pick up two of them and find out the inside.   Sekino, who was directing the excavation of ancient tombs with vague expectations, was surprised to find that Han Dynasty culture mirrors, weapons, and earthenware were buried while decorating reality with jeon (bricks). But he soon realized the reason.   It was a great discovery of the ancient site of the Nakrang period, where the Korean people who enjoyed a very amazing culture migrated about 2,000 years ago, and the completely forgotten underground treasure trove of Hanbohwa. It will be revealed later, but there were thousands of Nakrang tombs spanning the suburbs of Pyongyang and Hwanghae-do.   Sequino's investigation team excavated two Nakrang Ancient Tombs and planted many artifacts in the fall of the following year, and in October 1911, a third investigation excavation was conducted near Sarriwon. At this time, the tomb of Daebangtaesu Jangmui and the Saturn, which was thought to be the site of Daebanggun, were discovered in a place called Dangtoseong Fortress. They also went in September 1913 to investigate the remains and tombs of Jinnampo and Bongsan-gun.It was excavated and rich burial items such as a piece of waxang, blowfish, bronzeware, pottery, lacquerware, jade stoneware, and weapons were obtained. They carried all the excavated items to Japan as if it were natural.    In April 1912, an exhibition organized by the Department of Architecture drew attention at the Department of Engineering at the University of the East Economic Bureau. The focus was on the relics excavated from Nakrang Ancient Tombs displayed and unveiled for the first time in Room 3 (Chosun Branch). The following is the contents and clear details of the exhibits introduced by Japanese archaeological magazines at the time.      "It is so abundant that Sekino assistant professor, Dani, and Guriyama party brought it three times from Joseon that it is difficult to store it one by one, but if you point out the important things, Hangyeong, Ojujeon, Jeung (Siru), Dangtoseong discovery, Misan-myeon, Bongsan-gun." These are relics from the discovery of Anhakgungji and the discovery of the tomb of King Hanwang in Gangdong."   In addition to relics excavated from Nakrang Ancient Tombs and historical sites in 1912, Sequino and others dug under the pretext of academic research at Daegaya Palace and Ancient Tombs in Goryeong, Gyeongbuk, 500 stone pillows and small Silla Buddha statues found in Seoak-dong near Gyeongju.   It is believed that these relics are still kept at Tokyo National University of Technology. And in Volume 1, published by the Japanese Government-General of Korea in 1916, we can only check some of the illegal artifacts of that time, such as Tokyo, weapons, limbs, rings, onggi, Jubal, and jeon (excerpt from Nakrang Ancient Tombs in Seokam-dong, Daedong-myeon). When these printed artifacts were introduced as photos in (the Chosun Historic Walk), they were already made into a fait accompli that they were collections of the College of Engineering at Dongguk University.   Sequino says in a later investigation report that the 1909 historic investigation (Narang Ancient Tombs and others) was commissioned by the Korean government, as if it were a pure request, but it was only a superficial form. At that time, Japanese forces were already in full control of the Korean government. Therefore, it was one of the so-called politics of the Ministry of Government-General to appoint a historical investigation and give him freedom to dig ancient tombs and carry relics to Japan at will if necessary. The nominal department of the Korean government, which granted him permission to destroy legitimate ruins, loot relics, and illegally take them out, was the Takji Department. However, at that time, the de facto unauthorized person in the Takji Department was the Japanese Vice Minister Arai. And it was Vice Minister Arai who devised one of the three-dimensional invasion plans to have Sekino, then an assistant professor at the University of Economy, investigate the historical sites across Korea. After the annexation of Korea and Japan took place the following year, of course, it was at their disposal.   It was in October 1916 that an official excavation team led by Sekino excavated 10 Nakrang tombs in the south of the Daedong River (Daedong-myeon) near Pyongyang and excavated unexpected and enormous relics and irreparable burial items. At this time, the 10 tombs excavated were numbered from No. 1 to No. 10, and the current National Treasure No. 89 "Geumje Diocese" (Director of the National Jung-ah Museum) was excavated from No. 9 at that time. This parish, which was imbued with delicate pure gold work, was a world-class discovery showing the extreme of Han Dae culture.   However, such sensational discoveries at the same time led to rumors that "a bunch of pure gold treasures were buried in Nakrang Ancient Tombs," followed by outlaws' out-of-control theft. The Japanese called the Nakrang Ancient Tombs in the Daedong-myeon area "Jung Chang-won (a repository of Japan's famous ancient oriental art)," and everyone and I tried to take out the "unmanned" treasure in it. A Japanese man later recorded the situation as follows.   "After Dr. Sekino and his party excavated hundreds of valuable burial items in Daedong-myeon in 1916, interest in Nakrang relics gradually spread to the private sector, and in 1922, a group of people who robbed Goryeo porcelain near Gaeseong turned to Nakrang Ancient Tombs, and the worst egg cave era developed."   However, it is the above story. By the time Sekino began to investigate Nakrang Ancient Tombs, the theft and looting of Japanese people in Pyongyang had already begun. The facts are recorded in Sequino's investigation report. At the beginning of the investigation, he wrote that he had already seen the robbers collected by a Japanese resident named Yamada, and after a while, he was told that valuable bongs with letters such as "Nakrangtaesujang" and "Jeonggamjang" were discovered at the point where he presumed to be Nakranggunji. It is also confirmed that around that time, Sekiguchi, the prosecutor of the Boksimwon in Pyongyang, also had a bongni engraved with "Chosun superiority" in Toseong-ri.   The era of Daenanggul beyond the imagination of Nakrang Ancient Tombs, which Japanese outlaws and evil collectors robbed directly or indirectly or manipulated from behind, refers to a period of four to five years from 1923. In the following retrospective of a Japanese, we can get a glimpse of the amazing inner story of that time.   With the development of the Great Turbulent Era, the sudden prevalence of Nakrang fever in Pyongyang (Japanese society) became prevalent like an infectious disease, and the reputation of Nakrang was resonated in the world. At that time, the authorities' identity was not as severe as today (1934), but rather, some people in relationship occupied the excavated items (stealing items) in the tomb ahead of the general public, and in Daejeong 13-14 (1924-1925), one or two won were given to Pyongyang citizens (the words centered on the Japanese)."   The previous witness continues to inform the specific state of the time.      In severe cases, Lee, a government official, proudly took a life-sustaining worker to Baekju, dug up the middle of the burial mound from above, and pulled out dazzling burial items. During this period, the most excellent were in the hands of natural private collectors. However, after a while, when the robbers realized that selling only Pyongyang collectors was not a big profit, they put a line with Hosaga (collectors) in Gyeongseong and Kyoto and secretly stole one of the robbers to pay two or three times as much as a collector in Pyongyang (Pyongyang, Paljeon Changmyeong and Legendary) in 1934. On the other hand, the Japanese behind the scenes were rarely caught and punished.   The situation was so great that such remarks were made in the minutes of the Government-General's Historic History Committee held on August 2, 1926.      "We must lure those who steal and punish those who do it severely. And then, the people who discovered themselves should be punished. It is bizarre and impossible if it is true that only the discovered minorities are exempted from punishment." However, Japanese criminals behind the vicious background, who were always in contact with local and central (Seoul) power collectors, were always in a safe position. In addition, their systematic and direct theft and financing continued until the 1,900 falling tombs ran out of burial supplies, which was unprecedented large-scale looting of artifacts in the world.   A later survey report records, "Of the 1,400 Nakrang tombs, only about 140 were avoided from being robbed." How many valuable artifacts and national treasure-class cultural properties were excavated during this disastrous period of Daenangul and entered the hands of the Japanese? It is an unpleasant mystery that cannot be imagined. However, some important robbers of the time are known as records and photos, one of which is the same type (about 40cm in diameter) of the Three Years of Glory (B.C.), a relic of the Warring States period introduced by Sequino in 1923. At that time, the owner was Dorikai, who was the principal of Pyongyang Middle School.   In mid-October 1922, a Chinese worker excavated from the railway construction site in Seongyo-ri (Narang Ancient Tombs) across the Daedong River near Pyongyang, and a Japanese named Hashimoto intercepted it and brought it to Dorikai, the principal of Pyongyang Middle School where his son attended. However, Sekino did not believe the story at face value.

"It was also displayed in middle school because a Chinese worker, the discoverer of the same kind, brought another broken mirror to Principal Dorikai, but it is not known where it was discovered at the same time." (The same time, 1923)

Lee Beomseok's retrospective on Cheongsan-ri Battle.

 (1)Cheongsan-ri, a dog caught, is a valley basin among the Mansan Junryeong, and its length reached about 80. The narrowest area is 4 and 5 ri, and the widest area is 8 and 9. In the northwest of Cheongsan-ri, there were relatively few forests and it became thicker toward the southeast. The southeast bay was covered with green broad-leaved forests and coniferous forests, and 30-gil-high pine trees, oak trees, and cherry trees were full everywhere. The leaves covering the sky were blocking all the light, like dark doors closed in layers. Fallen leaves fell every year on dark and damp land, and the thickness was about a couple of inches. When I stepped on it, it felt like I was walking on a springless sofa, or stepping on soft sand, so I felt as if I were falling into a deep trap and entering a bottomless bog. There were large and small valleys everywhere in Cheongsan-ri. It was a suitable place for a wonderful guerrilla battle stage, so here is the best place for the deceased to pay back the resentment buried in the invaders, and the last time to find the price of blood has finally come. It was a quiet afternoon full of cold energy around 4 p.m. on September 7th of the lunar calendar (October 18th of the solar calendar). When we were marching toward the valley of Cheongsan-ri, what suddenly appeared in our view was that the ranks of the merchants were wriggling and exercising over the vast wilderness. 'Enemy!' At that moment, our pulse stopped and our blood froze. However, at the next moment, the whole body's blood began to circulate vigorously like a spring rising again. The enemy was advancing toward the loyalist as a hybrid of each species. The ranks looked arrogant and vicious like wriggling solitude. The dragon's tail was buried in the story that covered the sky. It was later discovered in the documents of the enemy that were captured, but the enemy's godfather was led by Major General Azuma, who assigned the 25th Regiment of the field artillery in addition to the 27th Regiment of the cavalry. The enemy seems to have found us. The distance between the enemy and allies was only 10 ri. Revenge, such as deterioration, burned. The blood all over the body became hotter and began to flow faster. There were only bloody red letters in front of our eyes. "Battle!" First of all, it had to take an advantage. We ordered the avant-garde to urgently occupy the northern highlands of Songlinping. If the enemy came in, we would try to fight in the evening dusk as much as possible. It was to inflict a fatal blow on the enemy under a topographical advantage. Subsequently, our main unit entered the valley of Cheongsan-ri as an express. When we arrived in Songlin Ping, the twilight was already fluttering. 

(2)Preparing for the battle We immediately prepared food and divided the troops into two. Two-thirds of infantry with relatively low training levels and the first discharge as non-combatants were organized and placed under the command of General Kim Jwa-jin. And they were kept away from the battlefield so that unnecessary victims were not produced. At the same time, with graduates of the military training center, a third of the infantry, mortars, and machine guns reinforced, and placed them under my command to prepare to fight the enemy chasing us. After twilight, the second discharge arrived near Gongji. At night, he laid out an outpost while swimming in the green forest in the southern part of Bayerping. In this way, we were preparing to face war at any time. The infantry, which was assigned to the 1st Army at 5 a.m. on September 10, was stationed as a reserve at the foot of Tsufang Things at a distance of 800 meters behind my 2nd Army. Front-line military trainees were assigned as follows using the forest 'public notice'. One company in the right district will be led by Lee Min-hwa, and one company in the left district will be led by Han Geun-won. The two front companies, Kim Hoon-Later 18th Unnam Academy, Hwangpo Military Academy instructor, led Woojung University and Lee Kyo-sung, and I looked at the whole country from the front. The position we ambushed was on the hillside of whether we surrounded a "public notice," and there were various natural defenses. In other words, several fallen trees blocked the front and mountains were piled up there, and again, thick blue pollack like a blanket covered it, creating the most suitable natural cover. Before the surprise attack, I gave the following caution to my comrades in order to strike the enemy with lightning-like movements without our location being first discovered. 1. Take off all your backpacks and put them in the rear reserve of the camp, and each person should take their luggage as much as possible. 2. When entering the camp, camouflage should be sufficient. 3. Take 200 ammunition out of the ammunition stand in front of a person and put it close to your hand, otherwise, taking bullets out of your body should not affect the shooting speed. 4. No matter who shoots, smoking or discourse should be prohibited, and there should be no incidents that are found by the enemy in a rash manner. 5. Shooting initiation shall signal my shot, and before that, no one shall shoot at will. After delivering the precautions, I gave the final instructions to my comrades. With a bloody voice. "The Cheongsan-ri Mountain Range is the main vein of Jangbaeksan Mountain and the birthplace of our ancestors. Tens of thousands of eyes will be watching us at this moment, and countless children's eyes will also be looking at us. If Dangun's blood has not dried up in our blood vessels yet, we will have to put one body on the altar of sacrifice and resolve the resentment of 20 million compatriots... ...the spirit of our ancestors in heaven will surely see us when we fight bravely."

(3)The Battle of Baegunpyeong began and came. All of the comrades were disguised as pine and pine branches. When they lay down, the whole body was buried in thick fallen leaves, and it was hard to tell who was where because it was covered by a full forest. This strange disguise was able to avoid enough, no matter how agile and sharp my eyes were. Finally, the khaki devil appeared. Around 8 a.m., about 1,000 enemy avant-garde troops were advancing toward the forest "Gongji" along a winding road like a Yangjang with only one branch. They walked leisurely chewing on portable hardbreads. But I never imagined... The fact that more than 600 bags of resentment and revenge guns were pointing straight at the center of their hearts in the dense jungle of the left and right front! The enemy's concubine tried to trace our long run. They often bent down and picked up horse dung from the ground. If the temperature is warm, it's proof that we haven't gone far yet. On the contrary, cold poop is evidence that we have already gone far. But we arrived here three or four hours ago. It was the "potential command" with a mustache who stood at the forefront of the enemy's potential unit and led it. The morning sun flowing through the leaves shoots back the four gold string shoulder of this "nose beard" and the gold star blooming in the middle. Whenever the mustache moved its feet, the shoulder shook left and right, and the four gold strings shone brilliantly. The chief was showing off that he was a major. He wore gloves made of deer leather and walked out very carefully, holding the archipelago's handle with his left hand, holding a telescope with his left hand proudly sticking out his chest. The gun of my 38-style cavalry gun was very calmly aimed at the heart of this "nose beard." At this time, I sat behind an old pine tree, stuck the gun to the tree, and gently put the gun in front of the tree tree. The enemy's avant-garde troops followed this arrogant "nose beard" and flowed in like a long stream of kaaki color. Finally, this stream flowed into the forest "notice" until the last drop. In this way, the enemy's troops entered the tight net of crosshair nets surrounding our layers. One enemy scout came forward and was looking for horse dung. The distance from me seemed only about 10. He suddenly bent over and was measuring the temperature, stuttering his horse poop. My whole body's blood boiled rapidly and ten million resentments seemed to burst at once. It whipped me and put the Sangmipan on my shoulder. At that moment, the anger and humiliation accumulated for decades suddenly fell on my squad. ... Heavy enough to aim at the heart of the "nose beard," there was also a heavy opening of hope and reward that I had all my life. Piyong! The "nose beard" collapsed at once. Guns like a wild windstorm poured out from all directions. Cheolpungcheolwoo (風風雨)) It was a roar of a scarier block of iron than the shouts of tens of thousands of tigers. More than 600 kinds of artillery, six machine guns, two mortar guns, and the telephone power we own were concentrated on the enemy's head at once. The bullet danced on the 'notice' like lightning or shooting. The numerous crossings of metal horizontally and vertically formed the dense and most severe net of fire. The shells blazing like rocks melting down in volcanoes, tapping on the "notice" and vibrating the vegetation of the mountain stream like pieces of field that were shattered. It fell like fallen leaves blowing in the small wind and fell to the ground. The body was piled up on one side and two sides, and the blood was sprayed on all sides to color the surrounding pine forests... One leaf, two leaves, and green pine needles turned dark red. Slave and disgrace! Iron and blood! "Let's get rid of blood with fatigue!" We shot like crazy and shouted like "Mansae" like crazy. When the sound of guns and the sound of hurrah are combined, if there is a rhythm in the cheers, is it called Wonhan Symphony? The enemies fell down. One more! One more! The enemies are upside down. One more! One more! In this surprise attack, the enemies could not afford to think about it and just collapsed. I couldn't get up forever lying down without knowing where to aim without having to hold a gun or have time to fire a machine gun. In this way, the placenta was annihilated in just half an hour. The remaining enemies resisted stubbornly and repeated blind shots. However, they still shot recklessly around the jungle without knowing where the bullets that killed them were flying from. The bodies of the enemy in the "public land" piled up higher and higher, forming a pile of mountains. A boss of an enemy with a broken leg climbed directly to the pile of enemy bodies and acted as a platoon leader who died. "I'll go there soon! (Machine gun squad moves forward!)" and shouted like crazy. The enemy was indeed a brave and solemn cry. However, the warrior immediately received a gift of iron as soon as he turned around and raised the pile of bodies piled up on the body. Another enemy used the enemy's body as a bulletbox and went wild like a beast that shone on it. But the beast also collapsed in front of our gunhole and became a bullet point for my colleagues who survived with their heads stuck in the bloody sea. Our rifle, machine gun, and mortar fired one after another. After an hour and a half of blood's 'announcement!' red 'announcement!' the enemy's avant-garde unit completely disappeared. "Hooray!" We shouted hooray loudly and jumped out of the jungle from all directions and quickly collected scattered spoils. Their weapons were only properly equipped with one heavy machine gun, but the rest of the machine guns were all ruined and most of them could not be used. We picked out something useful and put it on our shoulders. The surprise is over. However, the battle is not over yet. Of course, the victory has not been decided. In less than an hour, about 89,000 troops from the enemy's headquarters arrived near the "public notice" of the forest to fight us. However, the annihilation of the avant-garde forces did not let them enter the forest "public notice" blindly again. They had to wash away the disgrace of the annihilated avant-garde, and only then would they have pledged deeply that their imperial army would continue to be respected by the Japanese people in the future. The battle began again. There is another line behind the enemy, and there is another line behind it, and several rows of dense traverses are arranged in several lines to take the posture of a "great charge." It was a radical means of trying to get us to give up Hyunjinji. The enemy's machine guns and all weapons began to fire at us. Pressure was applied more and more intensely. The sound of the gun was more urgent. "Dda-dda-dda......" "Charge!" The enemy was pushed in like an tide from the valley, and bullets and shells poured out like rain and wind. The sharp voices seemed to tear a person's heart and soul apart. However, we used subtle camouflage and cover materials to cross the iron cross's fire nets, which were still overlapped with infantry, machine guns, and mortar at high places, and bombarded the enemy with countless bullets. In response, the enemy's saturation became fiercer. At this time, a short student named Gangwi left the original position where red bullets poured like hail and dragged his gun into the cave in the rear. "Rank, come forward!" "........." I shouted like crazy in anger. "Delegation, come forward!" ".........." "Delegation, come forward!" "......" My pistol immediately pointed at his head. He was surprised and ran forward through the pouring bullets. The sound of the gun has become louder! The roar rang and the waves pushed closer and closer. The storm poured out one after another. We tried our best to block the tide and respond to the storm as a storm by crossing iron balls. The enemy's gun sounded again and the roar burst out again. The waves came again and the storm poured again. Our crossroads continued to block waves and counter storms. The first line, the first line, and the enemy began to collapse. One line, another line! The crowded crossing of the enemy collapsed in front of our camp. After being shattered by three occasional roadways and storms, the "great charge" was stopped. Then, as a gunman again, he fired fierce shots at the jungle surrounding us. Where is the enemy of the "Hwang-gun" they are looking for because they are bent on? Where is the enemy's position of "Hwanggun"? Where is the enemy's focus of "Hwang"? I don't know! I don't know! I don't know! However, "Hwanggun" collapsed near the forest "Gongji" by a platoon by this unknown enemy. They couldn't get up again and collapsed forever. Originally, the glory of the "Hwanggun" was like a brilliant fire of 10 million bags. But now this touch has been brutally extinguished in front of the bullets and rain and wind in our resentment. The sun in the Japanese flag has now lost its light, and the brilliant cherry blossoms of the island country have been overshadowed. "On the hill across the East Sea, more than 2,000 beautiful and young widows will cry..." However, Mansim is forbidden. You shouldn't rest. Don't take a break for a while. You have to cheer up. You have to put all your energy into it! You have to squeeze your whole body generously. All the imperial soldiers in the forest "Notice" area! Jump in all at once! It will baptize the fire without fail. Eight or nine thousand enemies were to spread their wings mischievously even after the bitter defeat and launch a siege from both sides. They slowly surrounded themselves and took one step at a time. They were advancing toward Dangun's descendants, compressing the siege of the "public notice."