The Tokugawa Shogunate Oppression of Catholicism.

 From the mid-16th century to the early 17th century, when trade with South Koreans was active, Japanese daimyo admired various strange cultures gained from trade with Westerners, but often worried that Western troops with high-quality firearms and technology would land on Japanese soil and slaughter people and plunder property. Even during the Warring States period, when trade with Portugal was active, Nobuna Oda often asked Jesuit missionaries such as Prussia and Valignano out of doubt that South Koreans would someday lead the army to conquer Japan.  Missionaries said it took months to get to Japan, and they reassured tens of thousands of soldiers by safely passing through the long distance and landing in Japan when they have never overcome the crisis of death due to storms and bad weather. After hearing this answer, Nobuna also expressed confidence by answering that no matter how many numbers there are if the weakened army reaches due to a long voyage. In 1596, a crew member of the Spanish ship San Felipe, who landed on Dosa's Urato, said, "The king of Spain first attracts people to Catholicism and then conquers the country," intensified Hideyoshi's persecution of Christianity, and 26 Christians were crucified in Nagasaki in February the following year.  With the establishment of the Edo Shogunate, the Tokugawa family's Shogunate was favorable to trade with South Koreans and the spread of Catholicism like the former rulers, but their attitudes gradually changed and actively persecuted Catholics. It was because of a sense of crisis that if left untreated, a great social unrest could arise because nearly 700,000 Christians in Japan and the Catholic doctrine contained the idea of equality that shook Japan's feudal social structure, where the samurai class was at the top. In addition, just as Dutch merchants who wanted to monopolize trade relations with Japan conquered South America and the Philippines and colonized them, Japan is also setting up a dark horse to conquer with missionaries, making the country's policy increasingly firm and oppression of Catholicism increasingly severe.    In 1623, when Tokugawa Imitsu appeared as the third-largest shogunate, Christian suppression was thoroughly institutionalized. While arresting the two missionaries in October of that year, Edo pushed ahead with the Christian extermination policy, including catching 46 famous Christian people, dividing them into three groups, turning them around on the streets, and being burned at the busiest place. This case, which was executed on December 4, is called the Great Martyrdom of Edo. Subsequently, the search for Girishitan was strengthened nationwide, and even those who hid believers were put to death. Both foreigners and Japanese priests who were lurking in Kyushu were searched and sentenced to death. The general believer was forced to abandon his faith through brainwashing and cruel torture. As a result, in 1630, the believers were almost annihilated in Nagasaki, which was earlier called "small Rome."  In 1633, a method of torture in which a small hole is drilled behind the ear and hung upside down for a map-level Girisitan. Those who hang upside down in this way bleed little by little in the hole, nose, and mouth, feeling the pain of death with their whole body, and gradually lose their breath) was adopted, and because they could not overcome the pain, Perreira, the deputy head of the church and bishop's representative, was deployed. However, people like Nagahara, the investigator of the Jesuit, do not give in to the four-day burial and martyrdom.  - Endo Shusaku's novel Silent features Rodrigo, modeled after Portuguese missionary Joseph Carler, who was sentenced to death at the age of 84 in 1685 after being punished for hanging a hole, and is silent just because he is a Christian.  Shimabara's Rebellion in Japanese Catholic history is the largest Catholic suffering in Asia. Shimabara was the place where Catholicism revived for 74 years from around 1562. Shimabara's lord "Arima Yoshinao" and his son "Harenobu" invited Portuguese missionaries to be baptized and even established a seminary. However, in 1637, the Tokugawa Shogunate declared a gold school decree and began to impose heavy taxes along with oppression of Catholics. In protest, Amagusa Shiro and 37,000 Christians staged a sit-in at Haraseong Fortress and engaged in a 90-day battle with the Shogunate. The Shogunate mobilizes 120,000 troops to slaughter all 37,000 people, regardless of children or the elderly, just as they dry the seeds of Catholics. This is Shimabara's Rebellion.

Records show that 37,000 soldiers, women, and the elderly were all killed or captured in battle and beheaded. On the other hand, the majority of the remains excavated at Haraseong Fortress Site, where excavation and restoration are in full swing, are surprising because they hold medals in their mouths. Most of the medals made from the remaining bullets are said to be engraved in the shape of the St. Mary's or Cross. At that time, believers felt guilty that they could not serve the holy body during the war, so they participated in the battle with medals in their mouths instead. You can get a glimpse of the holy will of 37,000 martyrs to worship God's body and be willing to martyrdom. Those who fight in the castle will receive God's mercy and the grace of salvation. Also, keeping their land steady without shaking is to serve God. This is what Shiro Amakusa asked the soldiers ahead of the final battle. The Tokugawa shogunate, which suppressed the formidable Shimabara Rebellion and slaughtered many church members, made Girishitan the fourth nationality and used it as an excuse to strengthen the policy of closing the country. In contrast to such terrible Catholic persecution and the search for Kirishitan, the Joseon news agency and the group who visited Japan in 1635 (13th year of King Injo's reign) received great hospitality, and two people who performed the news agency were praised for presenting Ma Sang-jae in front of Shogun Imitsu. The Shogunates of the Edo Shogunate were trying to restore diplomatic relations with Joseon, which was cut off by the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and enthusiastically accepted the Neo-Confucian academic theory that the Joseon Dynasty's ruling system, based on Confucian values, was consistent with the Shogunate's political orientation. The Tokugawa Shogunate also mandates everyone to belong to a certain temple to eradicate Girishitan, causing them to report all movements of the family, including birth, marriage, death, and relocation, forming a kind of Buddhist state that monitors believers thoroughly. They create a misinjo system to organize five households nationwide to monitor each other, and set up bulletin boards in various places to encourage the smuggling of Girishitan. As a way to search for Girishitan, a vicious technique called Humi, in which believers are screened with the expression of the residents by stepping on the image of the Holy Mary is used. So by the second half of the 17th century, Japanese Kirishtang Church was unable to engage in public activities. Despite such harsh oppression, there are believers who secretly kept their faith after being bitten by generations in the Kyushu Islands over the past two and a half centuries until the Meiji era was met, which marvels churches around the world.   (The Amakusa Christian Museum in Japan offers a variety of relics that give a glimpse into the desperate and persistent beliefs of believers who had to hide from persecution after Shimabara's rebellion, such as a Buddha statue that resembles the Holy Mary and a Buddha's body separately.) It is said that they formed a branch organization of 10 to 20 families in the village and secretly adhered to their religious life by pretending to believe in Buddhism on the outside. These are called "Gakure Girishtan" (Hidden Christian). And the faith that has been persistent overcoming persecution finally came out of the world in 1865, 260 years later. It was the Oura Catholic Party in Nagasaki Prefecture that the latent believers appeared to the world.

Jungwon Goguryeo headstone.

 In 1979, a monument built during the Goguryeo period was discovered in Ipseok-ri, Jungwon, Chungcheongbuk-do. It is not known whether it was a monument built while pioneering the border or simply a monument built by the king after hunting or going on a pilgrimage, but the fact that Goguryeo's monument was found here meant that Goguryeo's influence remained this far. Although this monument must have been built by King Jangsu (413-491), many views were made in the process of reading letters worn out by Pungsang. The private academia organized academic conferences for related professors. The core of the question is when this monument was built. Of course, there were no letters that could be clues to solve this problem, so the problem became even more mysterious. However, Dr. Doo-gye Lee Byung-do, a big adult in the private academia at the time, analyzed the monument and claimed that it was built in the 4th year of Geonheung (475). Do young scholars ask about the argument? Dugye replied, "I was so indifferent that I appeared in my dream," and the juniors who joined me said, "I have to learn this academic tenacity." This is not a guest story that came and went from private places, but a fact that was published in academic journals after being presented at the conference.   In historical academia, the school that connects Doo-gye and him is called the positivist school. The proposition that characterizes positivism is that science is the only valid knowledge, and only facts are possible objects of knowledge. Therefore, positivism rejects the existence of any force or entity beyond the laws confirmed by facts or science and rejects research methods that are not reduced by any metaphysics or scientific method. What we are truly sad and concerned about in this case (p. 59-60 of "Positivist Historian" and "What is Historian" is that the 83-year-old Doo-gye, once lost his intelligence and made such a mistake, could not stop them, so it was published in our journal. Young scholars at the meeting were not thrilled to hear Doo-gye's remarks and recorded them. Rather, it was right to know and cover it up with their own stories. Why did the Korean historical community, which criticized the crowd who challenged their views so passionately under the name of "Japanese private school," make such a terrible mistake in this section?

Ugly Truth - Gaya Relics that Gangdan Historians and Archaeologists are trying to hide

 "Gaya's Forest" is embroiled in controversy over whether it's Gaya restoration or burial.

As part of a plan to reorganize the Gaya history and culture area, the theme park "Gaya Forest," which is intended to be built on 11,800 pyeong of the site of the former Gimhae Public Stadium at 431 Bonghwang-dong, is embroiled in controversy over its burial, not restoration of Gayasa Temple. As a result of recent active archaeological excavations around it, this place is thought to be part of the royal family of Geumgwan Gaya (AD 42-532), an ancient kingdom that flourished around Gimhae. As proof of this, various Geumgwan Gaya-related relics are located in the area immediately adjacent to the old public movement site, which is surrounded by the Haebancheon Stream that runs north and south through downtown Gimhae. In other words, in the northern area, there is Daeseong-dong Ancient Tombs (Historic Site No. 341) in the center of the 3rd and 4th centuries surveyed by the Gyeongseongdae Museum in 90-92, and at the eastern point is the waterway royal tomb (Historic Site No. 73), where Geumgwan Gaya's founder is buried. In addition, Bonghwangdae Historic Site (Historic Site No. 2) including the Shell Mound in Hoehyeon-ri, Gimhae, is starting at the southern point. As a result, it could be fully expected that the site of this public playground would already have various relics related to the royal palace, including ancient tombs, buried underground from the stage of planning the "Gaya Forest." Moreover, in November 2003, a 22-meter-wide Saturn wall was found in the Bonghwangdae ruins, when Geumgwan Gaya was in full swing, and in January of the same year, a large-scale building site using a pillar support instead of stone was identified. The current distribution of surrounding ruins and recent archaeological excavations strongly support that this area, including the site of the old public playground, was the Geumgwan Gaya Wanggyeong. Compared to the recent lukewarm case, it can be said that the same phenomenon is taking place in Gimhae, as the discovery of the royal castle of the Hanseong period from Pungnaptoseong Fortress. This is why Gimhae City's plan to create a "Gaya Forest" is embroiled in controversy. Given various surrounding conditions, no matter how much the public playground previously destroyed the basement, it was expected that there would be remains of the Gaya period, and the actual excavation and investigation are consistent. The Gyeongnam Institute of Archaeology and the Dong-A Institute of Cultural Heritage conducted excavations and full-scale excavations on about one-tenth of the total 10,000 pyeong project site, and found that it was reminiscent of a minefield of underground relics. However, the problem is that Gimhae City is trying to complete the excavation of the entire public playground site at the level so far and start construction next year. Gimhae City puts forward the most important reason as "a forest of Gaya will be created within the scope of not destroying underground burial sites or relics." An official from Gimhae-si added, "The 'Gaya Forest' does not destroy the current surface, but mainly creates mountains and plants trees on it, so even if a park is built, it does not affect the underground ruins at all." According to this policy, the excavation and investigation of this place are expected to be completed early next month at the latest. The excavation guidance committee, which was held on the 31st of last month, also accepted it from a guidance committee consisting of four professors from archaeological universities in the region and virtually approved the construction of the "Gaya Forest." However, criticism is also formidable that this is an act of "burying" Gayasa Temple, which advocated the restoration of Gayasa Temple. Professor Lee Sang-gil of Kyungnam University asked back, "Why should the theme park, which advocated the restoration of Gaya culture, be built in a place full of Gaya ruins?" and added, " Moreover, the site of the public playground should be used as a venue to restore Gaya culture through long-term academic discoveries." Professor Lee said, "It is said that theme parks do not destroy underground ruins, but once the park is built, Gaya culture buried there is obvious that it will be buried for at least hundreds of years," and emphasized, "The park construction plan should be immediately scrapped." A cultural figure in the region, who refused to identify himself, added, "It is difficult to accept Gimhae City's idea of building a park on top of the Gaya cultural layer, but it is more difficult for some archaeologists who approved or condoned such a policy."

longsword & Sheld

 The most commonly seen, used, and most convenient to use in movies, and balanced weapon in all aspects of the workshop. It can be said to be the representative black of the West, Longsord. Longsword is a weapon with excellent versatility in many ways, such as throwing away the shield, grabbing the foamel, and cutting or stabbing it strongly when you meet a strong enemy.  In addition, the combination of the balanced weapon Longsod and the shield that provides the best defense has always been the main focus in that it has been recognized for its effectiveness, easiest to learn, and easy for beginners to use, and impregnable defense. In that sense, today we will learn how to use shields and various weapons. 1. Basic posture First of all, the basic posture of using a sword and shield is to hold the sword in your right hand and the shield in your left hand and hold the sword with the shield attached to your body. Here, the position of raising the sword is divided into high, middle, and white, and high is to raise the hand holding the sword high. A mudeul puts a sword on the waist and points the tip of the sword obliquely to the enemy at the same height as the shield. White refers to turning the club back when hitting and holding it back as if hitting. In the high posture, it is a common cut, and in the middle posture, it checks the enemy with a check dagger or stab, and in the white posture, it can make a strong smashing blow. (Although it is an example of a long-sod used with one hand, it shows a good attack in the white posture. It should be noted that when you lift a shield, your feet should not go in front of the shield and you don't lift your feet) All these postures can be changed freely and connected in one movement. The range of defense that prevents the enemy's attack is mainly the face and corner of the shield, and the guard of the sword and the blade of the sword. 2. Confrontation against the enemy Scope to attack the enemy: Shield is a weapon that provides very strong defense, and the exposed part of the sword-bearing hands, head, legs, and torso is the only place we can attack the enemy. However, we must think that shields cannot defend every part and reveal loopholes at different points. If you raise it to defend your head, your legs are defenseless, if you lower the shield, your shoulders and head are defenseless, and if you tilt the shield, your right shoulder will be exposed. Also, the hand that came out for the attack can be an important range of attacks. The problem is that the enemy must reveal these weaknesses, and we can expose them by painting them. The important thing is that the moment we tilt the shield to make a powerful blow shouldn't be an opportunity for the enemy. (Expose a loophole - "Why did I do that?" Battle of the enemy with the sword: In this situation, it's a great interest to us that the pattern changes dramatically depending on the type of shield. In the 16th century, Buckler, who shows an example of lightweight equipment with the advent of guns, has relatively little scope to defend himself, so it cannot be defended just by holding it passively, but it has no choice but to be a good presence without learning to actively defend against enemy attacks. In addition, since the shields are small, there are relatively many loopholes, so they cannot be approached recklessly, and this environment has created a form of battle in which they find loopholes a little apart and attack each other.         However, the medieval battle, or shield at this time, was forced to deal with shields with high ranges of defenses such as tower shields and kite shields, so no matter how hard it was to attack the shield, and loopholes were almost impossible to damage the enemy. This advantage played a major role in ensuring that shields were active in the modern era as universal equipment anywhere in China, India, Europe, and the Middle East. Then, what should we do with an enemy with such excellent defense? It can be answered by searching for medieval battle records and textbooks. The battle between shields and shields at this time is largely divided into two types, one of which is "painting" referred to in Unit and the other of which is a physical fight to be said from now on.       Painting was also widely used as a way to attack enemy loopholes relatively safely while keeping a little distance from the enemy, but painting itself was difficult to achieve in the case of relatively skilled soldiers (regular drivers began to abandon shields as armor developed). In addition, if you use painting freely, the user himself needs to be skilled in many ways, so let's move on to what was explained in Unit.    Then, what took place the most at the time was physical fights. Here, a variety of technologies and situational reversals are waiting for us seeking new knowledge. First of all, the enemy's shield was emphasized over and over again, but it was an impregnable fortress itself, so in order to succeed in a proper attack, it was approached to the point where the shield met. At this time, the basic attack that took place a lot was a way to push the enemy with a shield to lose the balance of the enemy, and it was a way to cross the sword over the shield and stab the enemy.  Another method (the scene of a physical fight) is to hang the shield on the edge of the opponent's shield to the edge of the shield and tilt the shield. The opponent will expose a tremendous gap to unexpected attacks, and the swift attack at this time will bring victory to the attacker. It is also a problem with the shield, which limits the view of the shield, especially the lower part. At this time, a terrifying attack method was developed in which a sword was inserted into the lower part and then cut down to find an X egg that was not well defended. In addition, we can say that the technique of cutting the opponent's leg while looking up at the enemy was useful and widely used by applying The Fighting's Blue Tree different viewing technology. The technology of beating the shield hard with a sword and hitting the enemy with a shield has also been widely used as a very powerful technology. We can easily see what kind of technology this technology is by looking at Diablo 2's Paladine Smit Technology. You can hit your hand or thigh holding the enemy's sword with the edge of the shield. What's important when using all of these techniques is that shield swords should be kept in mind that the moment of attack is the biggest loophole, that the shield should be defended, that the shield should attack and defend with the sword, and that attack and defense should be done at the same time.  Even if you know that, you win half. The Two-Hand Sword against the Two-Hand Sword Man can show off its colorful and fast technology compared to the Long Sword, which has only a simple attack, and its range and destructive power are almost incomparable to the Long Sword, which is held with one hand. However, by looking at past records, shield users can easily find themselves in an advantageous position by entering the enemy's weapon range. For example, if you hold the shield high and push the enemy's hand with the enemy's weapon, the enemy will be temporarily in a difficult state to attack, and the shield user will be able to attack the enemy effectively by using the spleen longsode. However, it should be noted that if you lift the shield high recklessly, your legs will be treated.   Of course, we have to pay attention to painting in a different dimension, and it's important not to forget that the key to victory is to defend firmly and stick together, keeping in mind that the strong power of the two-hand sword and the long range does not exert much power if it goes inside.  Considering that the battle axe against the axe has a center of gravity in front of it, its power or cutting power is not allowed, and most of the battle axe is used with both hands, it is too much to block with a shield. In addition, something big can happen while blocking with a sword, and sometimes the shield is split, so it should always be important to block it with a side, not the edge of the shield, and when the shield is attached to the body, the protruding blade may come into the shield and the thigh may be handled. Of course, this Battle Access reduces its power when it's close to you. (Think about holding and using the axe blade)It can also be seen that the key to victory is to compete.  It's mostly similar to the axe of the battle against the iron fence. The response is similar to an ax, but there is no fear of splitting the shield. However, if you get hit even once, you will be roughly absent-minded, so be careful. Wo Hammer is similar. However, when it comes to Warhammer, it will be much more fatal than Mace.  The point of victory is to get close to Paulam (Halbud, Buju, Bill, etc.) and Spear (Short, Long, Glave, Partizan). However, in the case of powerful cutting and hitting, especially in the case of Paulam, there is a use of stealing weapons by hanging them on shields or swords, so keep in mind that allowing them a favorable distance may lead to loss of attack.  In addition, the hook can be pierced very easily and killed immediately, so you should be particularly careful about the enemy's movement. The key is to defend especially firmly and approach quickly.  It can be said that it is an example of a very wrong battle against a plane. Even beginners can use it right away without training, boasting Mace's power to cry and will give him a hell of a blow with additional acceleration on the chain. It is a weapon with much higher attack power compared to its weight, and it is a weapon that is often caught in the corner of the shield and changes its orbit to how your body works. Weapons that are fast, powerful, confusing, and free to change orbit. If the chain is long and broken regardless of whether it is a light glove or a heavy glove, you may need some skill, but you may take away your weapon. Fortunately, this is also a weapon that reduces attack power when it is attached. However, it is also important to note that when defending this weapon, it should be blocked only with a side, not the edge of the shield.

The Nazi Party jumps into the whole country. Episode 04. The main game.

 Hitler's recruitment, attempted by Alfred Hugenberg, the head of the right-wing coalition, is incomplete, allowing numerous concessions under his strong opposition. The overflowing energy of Hitler and the Nazi Party revitalized the dying right-wing coalition, and Hitler's position in the right-wing coalition was gradually growing. However, Hitler did not intend to melt into the right-wing coalition, but rather succeeded in increasing and expanding his party using unlimited funds and media to make sure the Nazi party's name was planted throughout the country in national elections. Having used the right-wing connections to realize his alliance with the business community and control the power of the media, he broke up with the Deutsche National Party and hit the back of Hugenberg's head... In the 4th episode, the National Socialist Party, which gained fame by hitting the back of Hugenberg of the Deutsche National People's Party, the head of the right-wing alliance, launched its own propaganda activities. This was mainly aimed at strengthening relations with the working class, salary man class, and peasant class, which have been far from the party's supporters so far. Therefore, the party held a series of events dotted with various contents to make a strong impression, and the cells were infiltrating each factory, village trade union, and agricultural union to save Nazi supporters by taking the leadership position of each small organization. In particular, the joining of the working class, which was far from the party, finally made the slogan "a party where all working people are together" just right for the National Social Party. While strengthening solidarity with farmers, a new talent from the Nazi Party was recruited. Introduced by Vice President Rudolph Hess, this was an intellectual who had already published policy books aimed at expanding subsidies for agriculture, W. Darre, who worked in the party's policy department and contributed a lot to the Nazi Party. Of course, the Nazi Party's propaganda ability or Hitler's speech ability cannot be ruled out, but in fact, the influence of this case was the most likely to successfully attract those who had previously been far from the party, such as the left-wing party. It's the beginning of the "Black Sunday Incident," or the Great Depression of the World Economy. The incident, caused by existing economic contradictions that led to a sharp fall in U.S. stock prices in Wilstreet, led to a serious economic slowdown in Germany, other European and Asian countries, and a massive increase in unemployment, corporate bankruptcy and financial collapse. In this situation, which is said to have prompted the nearby Japan to switch to militarism, farmers and workers were in despair as they saw all the foundations they had lived in collapse, and in that situation, the Nazi Party began to find a savior, but at that time they didn't know people through strong propaganda. Since 1928, the Weimar Republic of Germany has been led by H. Muller of the Social Democratic Party, and it was natural that the life span of these Social Democratic Party regimes, which had been the target of national sentiment, had been shortened. Under these circumstances, no existing public party could survive. Already, the people were fed up with the wonderful and outstanding words of democracy, and the only real political administrators in their heads could not satisfy the bloated people. Over the past few years, the republic system has achieved considerable diplomatic-economic achievements, but as in the future, they simply thought that they would just have to go well with policies without giving them anything else they really wanted. Thanks to this, even during the most booming economy, the people were just bored, and meaningless fluctuations in figures had no effect on their sense of loss. Now it's time for Hitler to step up. Hitler was rather extremely reluctant to show detailed policy proposals and economic future. Rather, it was able to attract a large number of people by presenting the ideal form of utopia's presentation, the whole beyond individuals, the glorification of dedication and sacrifice, and the leader is the way. In fact, what was more difficult than anything else was the class struggle that existing political parties could never. When implementing a policy, it is recommended to raise wages, shorten working hours, lower prices, and strengthen labor union authority for workers. However, for the entire economic phase-that is, users-it is better to increase working hours, lower wages, and suppress trade unions. But it can't be possible to satisfy everyone. It's contradictory, just as we want the security rate to rise while reducing taxes, increasing welfare expenditures, reducing the military, strengthening the defense force, and reducing the police force. In this regard, the Social Democratic Party, the Communist Party, the Catholic Central Party, and the right-wing Deutsche National Party worked only for the group they represented, failed to escape the inevitable confrontation, and seemed to encourage confrontation themselves.  However, Hitler's party was able to dissolve all the confrontations between these classes with freedom and cloud-like slogans regardless of ideas. The slogan "Third Value" made people feel that it was a real value to give their lives other than rice and money, and citizens, workers, and farmers, who had already lost their ideal value after the fall of the German Empire, were only able to join the Nazi Party with nostalgia and long-awaited passion. Hitler himself, like them, was once a citizen who was in danger of losing passion and ideal, so he was able to get to know their thoughts better. The expectation that freedom of policy and thought, a place to export enthusiasm, and artistic politics will make them "real people with overflowing joy and enthusiasm" from one or two humans made their social anxiety and emptiness depend on Hitler. When the Nazi Party encroached on the labor union through such excellent propaganda, turned the hearts of farmers, and turned the eyes of Intelli, the German Communist Party, which occupied an unrivaled position (which they thought so), began to defend itself. The Communist Party began sending gangsters to Nazi rallies, and two Nazi chargeers were killed and 30 seriously injured in March 1929, and combat teams were dispatched to each district office to set fire and break windows, and there was a scuffle all day long. The rapid spread to the large city factory area continued on a fictional day with the Nazi Party charge and the Communist Red Front Federation in each factory or back alley, based on the so-called corner bar, the "Attack Stand Bar." There were cases where the police had to put in armored vehicles to calm down in big fights involving iron spatter, knuckle, clubbing, chain, and steel bars, or sometimes knives and pistols. This fight does not end until January 1933 when Hitler takes power. In the meantime, the Nazis launched a full-fledged operation to suppress Berlin, a "red den."

Regarding the number of cavalry and archers in the late Roman Empire,

 It is well known that the Roman Empire began to value cavalry in the 3rd and 4th centuries when it comes to the number of cavalry and archers in the late Roman Empire. In the late 3rd and early 4th centuries of the Roman Empire, Emperor Diocretian and Emperor Constantine dramatically increased the size of the army and cavalry. In addition, there is a lot of evidence of an increase in the role of court soldiers in the late Roman Empire. 1. How long was the general force of the late Roman Empire? The records of Emperor Diocretian show that Emperor Diocretian quadrupled the existing Roman army. Or, when he became emperor, the total number of legions was 39, but the number of legions increased to 59 to 60 just before he died. The historian who mentioned the total number of troops during this period was Lydia John, who stated that the total number of Roman troops at the time was 389,704 for the Army and 45,562 for the Navy. It is not known exactly whether the head of this force he refers to is the force before or after Diocretian reform. However, considering that the total number of troops in the empire reached about 580,000 at the time of Emperor Constantine's throne, it is reasonable to assume that Diocretian increased the empire's troops from about 380,000 to 500,000 to 600,000. The general history of Roman troops in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD is roughly as follows. Year Feed Empire Western Imperial Eastern troops ------------------------------------------------------------------- 235,000 people 253,000 people 385,000 people 312 Joshimus 286,000 people 581,000 395(?) Notitia 250,000 people 303,000 troops in total. 2. Number of cavalry in the late Roman army? According to historian Cheeseman, the initial number of cavalry in the Roman army was 3,600 cavalry members and 47,500 cavalry members, totaling 51,000 cavalry members. The first emperor to increase the proportion of Roman cavalry was Emperor Galeanus in the 3rd century AD. When he founded the Mobile Forces, he increased the number of cavalry belonging to the Roman Corps from 120 to 700. It is not known exactly whether the number of military cavalry increased by Emperor Galeanus has taken out cavalry of assistants and added them to the corps, or whether the number of cavalry belonging to the corps has increased while leaving them intact. If the latter, or bojobyeong a cavalry of the corps corps at the time was 33 and would increase the illness of the horse and leave the cavalry, a corps party increased the head of the horse has 33 will be 5.8 : 19,140 x be 580. In other words, interpret for Illetre follow the horse of 51,000 people to Emperor anuseu 70,140 people will be (+ 19140 51000). Roman horse head of the 260 or of respect between 50,000 and 70,000 people can see eotttago. Dio keureti anuseu the defense to each region and stationed in various parts of the Roman Empire is jegukkun gukkyeong to military invasion but later never been placed at the rear of the empire and (limitanei), will be separated from the field (comitatenses, palatinae) to meet the enemy. How much each of the horse and foot in this field and army gukkyeong sosokttoe data that was 395, key management and military forces of the Roman Empire from the government list of documents "notitia dignitatum" that is about respect can be found. Summarizing the cavalry and infantry units of the Roman army appearing in Notitia Designitatum, the percentage of cavalry and infantry soldiers in their unit --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

21,000 field soldiers of the Western Roman Empire 92,000 18.5% of the Western Roman Empire border soldiers 58,500 of the Western Roman Empire border soldiers 58,500 of 43,2% of the Western Roman border soldiers of 2,500, 100% of the Eastern Roman field soldiers of 82,500 of 20.7% of the total of 204,500 of 349,500 of the total. And, compared with the Western Roman, Byzantine, you can tell that to maintain a higher percentage of a cavalry. (a cavalry was 32.8 percent of the whole army is the Western Roman, Byzantine horse is 44.4 per cent of the whole army) 3., late Roman, the organization of a cavalry? The cavalry of the late Roman army include medium-sized soldiers engaged in close combat with close weapons such as spears and swords, mid- to long-term soldiers armed with full-body armor, horse-bearing horse armor, and sports soldiers mainly armed with complex dangos. The author of "warfare in roman europe, 350 - 425 ad" hugh elton What is the percentage of each type of horse in the late Roman army investigation. Heavy cavalry of a cavalry of the Western Roman Empire 2 percent, according to him, The Light Brigade (Mounted archery) concluded that 47 percent and 51 percent of heavy cavalry. Heavy cavalry is 15 percent and heavy cavalry of 61 percent of a cavalry of the same time the Byzantine empire, Mounted archery is that 15 percent. In general, the Western Roman jegukkun heavy cavalry is about half and separately, horse and rider are heavily armed and light cavalry Heavy cavalry has only 2 per cent overall light cavalry will tend to value. Heavy cavalry is on the other hand, the Byzantine empire than overwhelming majority in the Western Roman Empire, and heavy cavalry. + Heavy cavalry, the percentage of accounts for more than 80 percent of all horse. That is relatively importantly, you can say that he thought the heavy cavalry. 4. The number of late Roman soldiers. There is no historical data that tells exactly how much the late Roman army's archers were. However, you can guess how much of the palace disease there was. Among the unit names that appear in the official document of the Roman Empire in the late 4th century, "Sagatarii," which means a professional archer unit, has 43 Eastern Roman empires and 26 Western Roman empires. Considering that most of the unit names in the "Notitia Designatum" have 500 members, except legio, or legion, there were about 21,500 (43x500) in the Eastern Roman Empire and a total of 34,500 (26x500) in the Western Roman Empire. In addition to these professional archers' groups, it seems that the late Roman army also operated a number of archers for each legion and assistant. Evidence for this is that most of the battle records in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD were mentioned along with infantry. 2> In the 4th century AD, a large number of arrows and bows were excavated from the legion where saragatii was placed. In particular, according to the third evidence, the phrase that Begetius trained one-third to a quarter of all soldiers as archers, it can be said that about a third to a quarter of the Roman army was trained to handle arrows. In other words, even if you don't manage up to a quarter of the entire army, you can see that there was a fairly high percentage of archery soldiers in general units. In particular, the fact that a large number of bows and arrows were excavated from the corps base where no specialized archers were deployed proves that there were many archers in the late Roman army in addition to the specialized archers group. In addition, records show that Roman troops killed 1,000 barbarians in arrow attacks around the 4th century AD, or articles in 365 AD that assistants from "auxilia platina" exchanged arrow attacks with each other for a long time.

Before the Manchu Invasion of Korea, there was a time when Japan offered to send salvation soldiers.

 Perhaps it was before the Manchu war, but the Japanese diplomatic line, which was grasping the harsh Jo-Cheong relationship, once proposed the dispatch of rescuers. It is natural that the frightened mediation refused it without hesitation. Of course, even if this proposal was accepted, we should examine whether Japan really had a willingness to dispatch, but if it had such an intention, it would have created a rare scene to see. (It is Hidetoshi Miyake, a researcher at the Korea-Japan relationship, who has dealt with this issue in earnest.   He believes that the opposition of the shogunate to Mancheong and Tsushima's willingness to play up to Joseon resulted in an ambiguous proposal for this responsibility.) The first Sino-Japanese War broke out while the two orangkas tried to take their interests in other countries. Comparing the case of the Qing Dynasty and Japan in the early 17th century, the Manchurians at that time fell short of Japan's military capabilities. Nevertheless, Japan failed in 1592 and the Manchurians succeeded in 1636. The two lucky things the Qing Dynasty enjoyed at the time of the Manchu Invasion of Korea were that unlike King Seonjo, who only ran away without looking back to Uiju, it succeeded in capturing the hesitating King Injo in Namhansanseong Fortress, and that there were no strong external variables like the Ming rescue forces in the past. After King Injo surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Ming sent an emperor's letter saying, "I'm sorry I couldn't help you," but in Japan, Joseon's weak force became a laughingstock at the Tokugawa family's meeting. Of course, they used misfortunes from other countries as a side dish, but they would not have felt good if they had known that Cheong Tae-jong had asked Joseon to join Japan in Daecheong on his way to withdraw from Joseon. Joseon did not convey this difficult request to Japan. It is embarrassing that I gave in to the force of Manchuria Orancae, and it is also because the demand for joining itself caused Japan's anger and there was a risk that the spark would spread to Joseon. It's been a long time since I read it, so I can't remember clearly, but just before the outbreak of the Manchu Invasion of Korea in 1636, a Joseon news agency was dispatched to Japan. I'm coming back. The diplomatic achievements were great, such as being treated intensely by Tokugawa Imitsu, but when I came back, the Jongno area was in ruins, so the news agency wails, shouting, "What's the use of being good at diplomacy?" The record is included in the <Haenghaengchongjae>, which collects the knowledge of Joseon Tongsinsa, and it is read. I remember being touched by the author's sadness.