There are signs that the Gwanghwamun signboard replacement project, which is being promoted by the Cultural Heritage Administration, will turn into a wrong controversy. Some conservative daily newspapers are pushing for a "political conspiracy to erase the traces of Park Jung-hee" over the plan to change the Korean signboard Gwanghwamun written by former President Park Chung-hee to a signboard that collected King Jeongjo's handwriting. On top of that, even Hangeul-related organizations are strongly protesting, raising suspicions of "Chinese character worship." However, this argument itself has a great contradiction. First of all, when restoring Gwanghwamun in 1968, former President Park's writing of a signboard in Korean was a ridiculous behavior that broke the basics of restoring cultural properties called "preservation of original form." This is why the life of cultural properties can exist along with the maintenance of their original form, and cultural property experts are constantly anxious when restoring and repairing cultural properties. If we have to mention political conspiracy, wouldn't it be more appropriate to damage the original form as the most powerful person at the time? What is worrisome is that other signboards whose original form has been damaged due to unreasonable "political conspiracy rumors" will no longer be able to find their appearance. In addition to the Gwanghwamun signboard, former President Park is known to have written quite a few signboards, including the tablet of Hyeonchungsa Temple in Asan, the plaque of Hwaseokjeong in Paju, Gyeonggi-do, and the tablet of Yeonghoru in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do. They are all things that need to be restored as cultural properties by utilizing their original form. It sounds strange for Hangeul-related organizations to say "Chinese character worship" over the replacement of signboards. It is only questionable how the "Chinese character worship" can be intervened in finding the original form and changing it to Chinese characters originally written on the signboard. If the original form of the signboard was Korean, of course, it would be written in Korean, and even if it was a third letter, not Korean or Chinese characters, it would have to be found and written. I think it is the prototype of cultural properties. This issue is only a matter of finding the prototype of cultural properties, and should never be turned into a political conspiracy theory or controversy over the use of Korean and Chinese characters. [Kim Young-man column] Former President Park Chung-hee, a politician on the signboard of Gwanghwamun, frustrates many people until his death. Even after 26 years of death, the evaluation of him is still extreme. Those who evaluate material growth are said to be creepy to those who disparage the "Miracle of the Han River." Those who have stamped him as the crush of democratic values simply despise the other side. In other words, the majority of the people side with the dead and complain that their hearts will collapse. Except for the division of the two Koreas, most of the love and affection and bias in our political and economic plates began there, so this is a matter of course the dishes of history. What is embarrassing is that many of these evaluations are made from birth class to experience, so it is difficult to find a point of contact no matter what general standards are presented. Public opinion is also divided over the decision to change the handwritten signboard of former President Park, which was hung in Gwanghwamun even before the ruling party's past settlement began in earnest, to the handwriting of King Jeongjo of Joseon. As experienced for a long time, this also presupposes a ho-oh toward human Park Jeong-hee, so it will be difficult to find a point of contact. What the hero left behind is history, but what the dictator left behind is a unlucky hideous object and subject to liquidation. Even a narrow view of history is cognitive. It is regrettable that disputes without contact will continue as long as the past is a social topic. As far as at least two generations are concerned, the evaluation of former President Park depends on whether she was born under a tiled house or a thatched house. If you go further, it is always parallel depending on whether it is a house worth eating or whether you spent your growth period at a house where eating is a ground task. The direction of experience varies depending on the class of birth, and the evaluation has become flesh-based by aging over a long period of 18 years. Thoughts that have become part of the body are difficult to correct through discussion or education. Therefore, social consensus on former President Park may not be possible until about 10 to 20 years later, when generations with conflicting, flesh-based surveyors deviate from the subject of politics and family. The Yearbook of Education Statistics recorded 54.3% of elementary school students entering middle school in 1965, when the Park Chung-hee era began in earnest. In the case of farming and fishing villages, if they are removed separately, it will be well below 50%. The standard for spending middle school is whether it is a house where basic food is solved. Park Jung-hee is a hero to these people who couldn't even go to middle school and parents who couldn't send her to middle school because they had nothing to eat right away. In the days when it was difficult to buy other people's homes, the evaluation of political leaders who allowed them to go to textile factories with loans or debts so that they could not starve is bound to be higher than any other advanced state's claim. There is not much value that takes precedence over eating full for them. In 1980, the year after former President Park's death, the rate of entering middle schools in Korea rose to 95.8%. On the other hand, in 1965, the rate of enrollment in junior college or higher in Korea was 7-8%. Currently, it is around 90%. There are many people who graduated from college through archaeology. However, classes that do not give meaning to "eat to live" in the past and now send universities. In this class, Park Jung-hee's development dictatorship violated human rights and only widened the gap between the rich and the poor with US subordinate sales capital. Nothing raised their economic and social status. Since rice has always existed since birth, long-term power through torture and tricks is the issue. The question of whether or not rice has been resolved is absurd, childish, and also subject to contempt. Since the nature of the evaluation is based on experience, it is difficult to say right or wrong. Therefore, the Gwanghwamun debate is not right or wrong, but a political issue. Changing the signboard of Gwanghwamun is not a matter of referendum. Just as Park Jung-hee attached Gwanghwamun in Korean as she wished, it would be perfect if the government decided to collect and write Jeongjo's handwriting. However, the reality is that some people's hearts will collapse even with such things. The weary modern history, which allows the spectacles of the dead to dominate both living sides, is devastating.
2022년 3월 10일 목요일
Alexander the Great
Most people seem to be the trend that Goguryeo in Gwanggaeto (-King) will unilaterally tour Alexander (-King) Macedonia. To be honest, there is more than one person from all ethnic groups in Gwanggaeto Island. Numerous nomadic peoples whose names have now disappeared or only their names remain in Manchuria and Liaodong also have their own national heroes. For example, there is a person named Songchen Campo who wrote it down. Some people here may not know that "Gwanggaeto is the best on our side unconditionally," but in their view, there is nothing worse for this person than Gwanggaeto. This person almost ate the capital by driving the military to the vicinity of the Tang capital, which was the best place for the people of the East (Honestly, it was outside the world like the moon in the West) and recovered after obtaining many things, including the marriage of the Chinese and royal families with favorable conditions. It is difficult to compare the Tang Dynasty, which was destroyed by sightseeing Goguryeo due to different times. (I think it is conceptless as a person who knows history to compare different times directly, but I think the simple comparison that ignores the situation is strong.) It is true that Gwanggaeto ate a lot of land, but he never conquered the world's powerful forces at that time. Returning to the main topic, the two will honestly compete and you don't know who will win. It's not always won that war was always considered advantageous. In any era, even the geniuses of the best strategy of the time did not properly predict the victory or defeat of the war. According to the people who unconditionally insisted on Goguryeo's unilateral tourism here, Goguryeo should have been toured by the Su Dynasty 10 times. And I don't know how smart Alexander is because I've never met him in person, and if I look at the war he fought here, he wouldn't have been a conceptless strategist who would unconditionally attack mid- to long-term soldiers and arrow troops. Of course, no matter how much you fly or win, you won't be able to do anything about overwhelming technology differences or power. And honestly, is there anything directly known about Goguryeo's military system or weapons? If so, please let me know. He possessed the world's best bow-making technology at the time in the phrase "a large number of arrows flew and many soldiers were damaged" that he met before.I can't help but be surprised when I see people who infer. If I take a time machine and bring the soldiers at that time, I want to predict a landslide victory for Goguryeo. However, with the same logic, I'm confident that if I give myself a combat helicopter, unlimited missiles and fuel balcan bullets, I can lighten Gwanggaeto's military. (I thought about it, but even assuming that it's a waste of my life, so I can't lighten up the sky.) And quit. Honestly, if you simply compare Seoul National University's undergraduate physical science student and Newton, who understands physical phenomena better and has more physical knowledge? And if you get caught by some nerds here, what Alexander left in world history is simply a bunch of land that he conquered ignorant, and I think you'll see that it's more than that just by studying high school world history.
Goguryeo Army VS Rome Army - See civilization as an army II
(3) Comparison of the organization of the two armies. Goguryeo - There is no record of the organization method of Goguryeo and nothing is known. This is the same for Gojoseon, Buyeo, Baekje, Silla, and Daeshinra before Goryeo, but we will refer to the organization of Goryeo, which was the closest to Goguryeo with existing data and promoted internally and externally to inherit Goguryeo. The minimum unit of Goryeo-gun was 25 people, under the direction of Daejeong, the 9th class of the bell, and the top unit was under the direction of Gyowi (or Owi), the 9th class of 50 people, and on top of it, there were 200 unit units (name: Jeon Ji-so), and five deputy generals gathered. Theorem: 25 people - 50 people (() - 200 people Nangjang Unit - 1,000 people ()) - There is one example that shows the possibility that Goguryeo actually achieved such a detailed organization. In 645, when Tang Tae-jong's mother-in-law captured Liaodongseong Fortress and marched to Ansiseong Fortress, Yeon Gaesomun supported 150,000 troops in the northern and southern regions to the point where Dang Tae-jong jumped up in surprise. At this time, Ko Yeon-soo, the commander of Goguryeo forces, surrenders with 36,800 Goguryeo troops, and Tang Tae-jong Lee Se-min takes 3,500 officer-level warriors out of here and escapes them to the mainland and releases all the rest. (The reason for the release of the remaining 30,000 is that without an officer, it becomes a completely useless army.) 36800335001010.5, which shows that every 10 people had one sergeant-level commander or officer. b. Rome - Rome's organization has changed about three or four times, and I will describe the organization from the expansion period, Marius Reform, to the Caesar Period, and from the heyday of Augustus to the present era. After the Marius Reform, Manipulus, which tied the Caucasian, almost lost its meaning, and the Cohors, led by Tribunus Militum, emerged as the backbone. Two 100 white troops under the command of Captain White (Centurion) gather to form Manipulus, and three Manipulus gather again to form a 600-member cohort under the command of Tribunus Militum. (Manipulus remains in name and has no commander) Ten Cohors gather to form Legatus. It is almost the same after the Augustus military reform, but the six Caucasian Taiwan members of the first cohort of each legion consisted of 160 people, and the remaining 54 Caucasian groups of the second to 10 Caucos consisted of 80 people. Theorem: 80 to 160 Caucasian- 480 to 960 Cohores- 6,000 Corps c. Comprehensive and Remarks - What Roman forces outperform Macedonian and Greek Palanx is that organic tactics were possible by taking the Caucasian as the center and using the Cohorse as the minimum strategic unit, which is incomparably loose compared to Goguryeo. Goguryeo Army, which had one commander in almost every 10 people, would have been able to do much more organic and comprehensive tactics. (4) Comparing the tactics of the two armies. Goguryeo - In fact, there is no record of Goguryeo's own tactics. Let me describe a very standard tactic referring to the disease described above. For now, Gungbyeongdae will be placed on the first line to form a fire net and fire all together to protect our cavalry, while breaking down the enemy's cavalry charge and breaking Yebong Peak to prevent infantry from advancing. When the enemy's central advance began, the archer would retreat behind the ranks of the lieutenant general infantry, shoot until just before the close battle, abandon the bow, and arm yourself with a knife after the shooting. Middle- and long-term cavalry, divided into two sides, would have aimed at the enemy's side and rear, while Gyeonggi soldiers would have moved with mid- and long-term cavalry to disrupt the enemy's side and rear with quick mobility. (If the enemy infantry's power is weak or in terrain, heavy and long-term cavalry may be placed in the center to make a full-scale breakthrough. Or we can send our troops to the enemy's middle and long-term cavalry to confront them.) If the heavy and long-term cavalry succeeds in breaking through the front or rear, the powerful mid and long infantry will follow and completely crush the enemy's camp or break down the enemy's left and right forces will be destroyed quickly. These tactics are the basis of the completely standardized basics, and if you look at the soldiers of Mugyeongchilseo, including the famous Handicraft, Yukdo, Samryak, Owi Gongmun, and many other soldiers written before Goguryeo's fall, are they only gangsters and complicated? Goguryeo was also learning China's sophisticated and exquisite military techniques, and it can be said that it was freely used to the extent that it fought against the Chinese military and won the field. b. Rome - Before the Persian invasion of Greece, the Persian looked down on the Greek army because the number of cavalry was very small, they didn't know how to use it, they were infantry-oriented, and all the tactics were left-wing tactics to overpower the right-wing, which could not be defended with shields. (In fact, it was only twice that the Persian army lost to the Greek Army in Marathon and the Battle of Platai, and the Greek army was not significantly inferior to the Persian army in numbers in those two battles. Temistocles also gave up resistance on the ground and completely gave up Athens City.) Rome was not much different from Greece, but the organization was more subdivided and relatively organic, and the lieutenant general infantry was divided into three rows, Hastati, Principes, and Triarii. I didn't know how to use siege operations using cavalry such as chasing. After Hannibal and Scipio, they finally opened their eyes to a bypass operation using cavalry mobility, but failed to utilize the cavalry's breakthrough power because they did not know the stirrup until the end and did not use the mid- to long-term cavalry. The basic tactics of the Roman army are as follows. When the first-line alarmists (Velites) start a neck-and-neck race, such as throwing a spear and flying an arrow, and the lieutenant general infantry begins to advance, the alarm escapes between the ranks of the lieutenant general infantry and is located in the rear. Once Hastati, located at the forefront of the Lieutenant General Infantry Corps, approaches about 20m, he throws a throwing spear and deploys a hundred troops with a knife, and Prinquipez, the best player, is put back on the front in time. If Prinquipez, the backbone and elite of the corps, does not win or allies are pushed back, veteran Triari will form a dense formation with a spear to secure allies, Hastati and Principes will step back between the Triari ranks and launch a full counterattack with Triari. When the enemy begins to lose, the alert returns to the battle line and pursues the enemy with the cavalry. c. Comprehensive and Remark - The Roman army faced only the same soldiers as alarmists, heavy infantry, cavalry, cavalry, and cavalry, and overall, it was not comprehensive with organic tactics. (Except for Alexandros), the middle army, and the right army. In other words, inefficient tactics were used by dismantling the battle of artists in a bad sense, such as fighting the same soldiers, losing infantry, and winning the cavalry, making the overall division of victory and defeat ambiguous. There is an anecdote that explains the strategy of our grandchild (maybe Son Bin) to compete with the opponent's middle horse, our middle horse against the opponent's hippo, and our hippo against the opponent's upper horse in the king's horse race. If these organic comprehensive tactics were used in the East, including China and Goguryeo, Greece, Rome and the West remained at a childish level, where detailed matches were blurred and overall matches were blurred without a clear scenario. Only Alexandros will be free from this criticism, and the so-called "genius master," Piroz, Hannibal, Scipio, and Caesar, were better, but they are only rudimentary steps compared to the more detailed and complex oriental military methods. Perhaps if an ordinary general from ancient Eastern times went to the West, he would have become another "genius master", and if the "genius master" from ancient Western times went to the East, he would only be a commander of the regiment. 3. Conclusion - I would like to point out once again that Rome's national power and civilization level were exaggerated, and I would like to emphasize that Goguryeo was not only a country with strong military power, but another brilliant Eastern civilization country in contrast to China.
As explained in the introduction, the level of an army in a country soon becomes a measure of the level of civilization, and as compared in the above text, Goguryeo troops overwhelmed Roman troops in almost every way. Of course, it is true that there is a big difference of 300 years, but considering that Roman civilization was the heyday of the West before modern times and that it does not discuss the victory or defeat of wars or battles, it objectively proves that Goguryeo's civilization is at the top of pre-modern Western civilization. However, it was reduced and accepted because there was a bigger force called China right next to it, and it was not recognized properly because there were not many records left until now and we had poor history education, but if you faithfully enter the data, you will see the above results. I want to try to make the day come when I can know Goguryeo accurately and clearly enough to extinguish the burning light of intellectual desire for Goguryeo, which I will realize its greatness the more I know it.
Goguryeo army VS Rome army - See civilization as an army I
1. Introduction - Anyone interested in history would have wanted to compare the power of Goguryeo, which had the greatest military power of our people, with the power of Rome, which was the strongest in Western ancient history. I've always wondered if I'm interested in warriors in Bonhae-do, but when I see them argue from time to time, I wrote with short skills to correct unicellular and blind thoughts, not fragmentary, such as "Koguryo has strong cavalry and Rome doesn't have any cavalry. Of course, in conclusion, the history should be a field of thorough objectivity and reason that excludes emotions, although we appreciated Goguryeo's military power more. Based on this thorough data, we only analyzed it coldly and discussed whether it is superior or not. However, what I want to say in the article below is not to determine the victory or defeat in the war between Goguryeo and Rome. War is a comprehensive art that requires all factors to be considered, including weapons, strategy, geography, politics, and production capacity, war is meaningless and impossible because it includes numerous unpredictable variables, including total strategy, military power, political power, economic power, social infrastructure, and even ethnicity. If so, is it to determine the victory or defeat of a one-off battle? This is not it either. The most important thing in the battle is also the tactical capabilities of the General (like the Battle of Zama, if Hannibal had defeated and won the Roman army despite the inferiority of cavalry forces, he would have become the best general of the time, as he said. Hannibal's words prove that the most important thing in battle is the commander's ability) What he wants to say as a whole is the difference in the level of each ancient civilization in the East and the West. The nation's all-out power is concentrated in the army, which carries fate on its shoulders at the forefront of the country. Soldiers and officers teach the most efficient and sophisticated strategies and tactics of the civilization of the time, and armament and other equipment reflect the state-of-the-art science and technology of the civilization of the time. Therefore, the overall power of each army is the same as a measure of its civilization level. (Except for modern and nomadic peoples) We want to show the level of civilization between the two civilizations by comparing them. If it is still unacceptable, why don't we compare contemporary Byzantine and Goguryeo troops? And we are not discussing civilization in terms of culture.) 2. Main point (1) Comparing the total forces of the two armies. 2. Goguryeo - Goguryeo - Goguryeo's total forces is not known exactly, so we have no choice but to estimate it. Later, when King Balhae Mu ordered his younger brother Daemunye to play Heuksumalgal, Daemunye refused the order and said, "[Strategy] When Goryeo was in full swing, it was recorded in [Sindangseo] "Balhaejeon", so many people estimate Goguryeo's total force to be about 300,000. However, at the time of Tang Tae-jong's mother's reign, when the Tang army captured Yodongseong Fortress and marched to Ansiseong Fortress, Yeon Gaesomun dispatched 150,000 troops recruited from the southern and northern parts of Goguryeo. Since 40% to 150,000 of the entire country, a simple arithmetic calculation results in a total number of 375,000.150,000 are left because the defense forces must remain in the north.It cannot be said that the entire northern army was mobilized, so it is believed that the total number of troops, including Goguryeo's interceptors and standing forces, will be more than 400,000. (Of course, this is only possible in the late Goguryeo period, and there is no record of all troops before that, so it is impossible to estimate). There are some fragmentary records of how many troops were deployed in an operation, but it's not enough to estimate the total number of troops.). Rome - Rome traditionally did not have regular troops and recruited troops as needed. According to [Romasa], there were about 750,000 men of military service age in the 3rd century BC.In the first century, the number of troops increased to about 500,000 in total, but it was only a temporary army and could not be financially borne, so Octavian actually reduced the number of troops after the civil war and permanent soldiers. From then to Oh Hyeon-je, about 25-30 legions, about 300,000-400,000 troops, are divided into each defense line. The main force of the Roman Legio was literally Legion, a lieutenant general infantry, and cavalry became the main force of the military after the 3rd century AD to prepare for the invasion of German cavalry. In addition, as Karakala grants citizenship to the residents, the distinction between legions and assistants (Auxiliaris) disappears, and the number of troops increases significantly to about 400,000 to 500,000 as they respond to German invasion through the era of the military emperor. c. Comprehensive and Remarks - Goguryeo and Rome overlap in times, but it is very difficult to simply compare them to the same time. The 1st and 2nd centuries AD were so-called Pax Romana, and Goguryeo was only in the early days of its founding, and Rome was long destroyed during Goguryeo's reign of King Yeongyang, the heyday of Goguryeo's population and overall national power. Therefore, we have no choice but to compare each heyday. As described above, Goguryeo also had 300,000 to 400,000 troops, and Rome had a total of 180,000 corps soldiers and 350,000 assistants in total during the reign of Emperor Trajan, which had active conquest projects such as conquering Dhakia. Therefore, Goguryeo seems to be ahead, but it is not an accurate figure, so it can be said to be almost the same. Here we can see that Rome's national power has been greatly exaggerated. Roman citizens alone had a population of more than 50 million, and the central government built a well-organized administrative network across the country, built 150,000 kilometers of roads, and stabilized trade routes across the Mediterranean Sea. Why can the level of the country or civilization be measured with the total force? This is because the total force does not simply mean military power, but represents the overall national level, such as the state's economic and technological power, the level of administrative network, and the central government's control. This is because if the central government's local control disappears and the administrative network collapses like the end of Silla, it will be difficult for the military to operate 1,000 people even if the population reaches hundreds of millions. (Of course, the formula of 'military level civilization level' and 'total force level state level' does not apply to modern countries or nomadic peoples.) Western civilization remained at a terrifying and childish level until the Middle Ages before Rome's fall, indicating that Rome's civilization and national power were exaggerated. Goguryeo also had international trade and relay trade rights connecting the northern people, China, and the Korean Peninsula, and since the reign of King Jangsu, the war with the continent has disappeared, peace and economic power have been greatly prosperous, and the unique fresco technique shown in Grain's construction and murals. Based on the contents of War and History - The Three Kingdoms, I will add and describe the contents of this year. (The opinions on whether this is an honor guard or an actual army are divided, but if this is ignored, there is no data at all.) For reference, the tomb No. 3 of Anak is presumed to be the tomb of Dongsu, which was built in the 4th to 5th centuries.) For reference, most of the knives used by Goguryeo army were Jikdo Island, Hwandudaedo Island. a. Heavy Armored Infantry 1 - He wore a helmet on his head, slanted armor with short sleeves only on his upper body, wore a hook spear on his shoulder, a knife on his waist, and a thin and elongated shield. I think it's a lieutenant general infantry force that creates a dense formation with a thin and elongated shield to stop the enemy from charging cavalry and drag the knight from the horse with a hook window. b. Heavy Armored Infantry 2 - It is the same as the Heavy Armored Infantry written on top, but it is different that the shield is round and wider. Therefore, the formation of this infantry would have been more convenient for white soldiers wielding swords because it was wider than the formation of the above infantry, so it would have been composed of great infantry like Greece with circular shields or Rome with oval shields. c. Police infantry - Police infantry used Dobusu (Monthly Wed), which uses axes, but they are rarely armed with armor or other weapons. Since he couldn't even wear armor, his social status would have been very low and his combat ability would not have been very strong.
Rather than bumping into enemies on the first line, it would have been used as a ministry unit, such as attacking enemies who fell off horses or fell on the second line and fell behind allies, or attacking enemies like Roman soldiers. Still, considering that axes were found in the military sites of Goguryeo, including Achasan Mountain, it was a must-have unit. d. Gungbyeong - A powerful maekgung with a length of 120 to 127cm, wearing sloped armor with no sleeves at all, and no pitching, which is believed to be due to securing visibility. In addition, during the reign of King Sansang of Goguryeo, archery soldiers in Goguryeo could not have been armed with archery because the manufacturing method was complicated and the unit price was very high, but some elite units, officers, and warriors would have been armed with archery. e. Heavy and long-term cavalry - The only areas exposed to the air were faces and hands, Goguryeo's unique 5.4m long and 6-9kg weight, and a knife on its waist (China or nomadic people used about 4m long yarn) and Goguryeo owned a rich iron mine. In fact, King Dongcheon mobilized 20,000 troops when he fought against the official sword forces, of which ironware accounted for as much as 5,000, accounting for a quarter of all troops, so it would not have been too much to occupy the main power of all troops. (There is a controversy over whether King Dongcheon's ironware is simply elite cavalry or mid- to long-term disease, but it is considered a mid- to long-term disease based on the record that 5,000 irons were at the forefront.) f. Gyeonggi-do-Anak Tomb murals are armed with no armor at all, making it difficult to know the exact substance. However, what is certain is that the economic soldiers were operated in contrast to the mid- to long-term cavalry, and they would have carried out a maneuver to cover the charge of the mid- to long-term cavalry and disrupt the enemy. b. Rome: 3~4 kinds of a. Heavy Armored Infantry (Legion) - Originally held an oval shield of 1.2m wide and 1.5m long, but later changed to a rectangular shield. The two to three-meter-long Pillum was carried one heavy (3kg) and one light (1.5kg) each, and it was more used for pitching purposes than for spears, and it was okay to carry only one Triari in the third row. And originally, a single-edged sword was used, but Scipio Africanus accepted Spain's double-edged dagger and carried the famous Gladius, which became the etymology of Gladiator. b. Alarm soldiers (Velites) - almost without armor and armed with knives, catchers, and circular shields, consisting of the poorest four to five classes of citizens. Of the 10,000 soldiers in one corps, 1,200 were in charge of the first neck-and-neck battle, but after the Marius reform, they disappeared from the organization and used foreign allies such as Mallorca dialysis as allies. After the Augustus military reform, it loses its independence and disappears, consists of residents, and is organized in Auxiliaris, a mixture of various diseases such as cavalry and infantry. In addition, there is no record of how Rome operated the archer, but everyone only speculates that there is no organized record like the lieutenant general infantry or the alarm, but only what is known to have been used, so the above-described alarm replaced the role of the archer or included the archer in the alarm. Auxiliaris, newly organized after Augustus' military reform, is not particularly a new disease due to the extension of the previous Roman Velites. c. Cavalry - There were only sports troops, and he rarely wore armor and did not use a bow. The armed forces were also poor, so there were only catchers, knives, and circular shields, and there was no back, so even with only a spear, it was impossible to carry out a shocking operation to break down the camp, and it was only to approach and throw. In Rome, cavalry mobility and breakthrough were not properly recognized, so they did not value cavalry power, so they did not know how to use cavalry mobility only for battles between cavalry and right-handed tactics, and only used mobility to chase defeated enemies. After Hannibal and Scipio, so-called "genius masters," cavalry detour tactics were used, but as mentioned above, due to the weak armament, they could not exert more power than infantry. After Marius and Augustus' reform, cavalry of Roman citizens almost disappeared, Galia, and Numidia were used as allies. c. Comprehensive and Remark- First of all, Goguryeo is twice as many as Rome in the number of warships, so it can be said that the range of tactics that can be said to be organic. In addition, Goguryeo's heavy and medium-sized cavalry, archer, and airborne infantry are powerful, especially Goguryeo's heavy and Persian cavalry were different from Rome's Parthian and Persian cavalry, and archer learned Parthian rhetoric 360 degrees forward. You can think of the Mongolian archer soldiers) and most Goguryeo troops overwhelm the Roman army in terms of the quality of each disease. Above all, Roman cavalry could not carry out a shocking operation because they had no back and only swords and spears, and even the cavalry could not be a rival to Goguryeo's mid- to long-term cavalry or archer. In addition, Goguryeo archers were armed with powerful and powerful Macgung Palace and Gakgung Palace to form an independent organization, so their existence is unclear and cannot be compared to Roman archers armed with crude dangung. In addition, the Roman army itself was weak against the royal army, perhaps because it did not put meaning on the history of the royal army and did not use it much. For example, you can see from the battle of Karay, where all troops below Krasus were completely wiped out, except for Casius' 500 cavalry, who fled to Parthia's second-class army and few archers. However, it is unknown because there is no record of Goguryeo's heavy general infantry's proficiency, social position, and military system, but the largest number of soldiers could not be composed of nobles or professional warriors.
Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 6. Anti-Man Anti-Japanese War, a joint venture between Korea and China.(3)
The route of Korean independence forces and major battle areas. Meanwhile, the Korean Independence Army leadership held a coalition meeting while living in Saha. The Saha belonged to the 15th branch of the Korean Independence Party and the 12th Gun District of the Korean Independence Army. At this meeting, the first point of military activity will be moved to Dongman (Yeongil, Wangcheong, Dongnyeong, Hunchun, and Yeongan-hyeon), the second to unite with China's Gugukgun stationed in the mountainous area of Dongman, and third to re-command the chief of each county, Choi Joong-deok and Kim Sang-mo. General Ji Cheong-cheon, the commander-in-chief of the Korean Independence Army, received positive responses from General Gong Jin-won, commander Shim Man-ho, military superintendent Kang Jin-hae, and mountain commander Heo Kyung-sam, who is stationed in Akmokhyeon, and received positive responses from General Choi Jung-shin. Wang Deok-rim, the first brigade commander of the Guilinseong Army in Dongman after the Manchurian Incident, lost a battle with the Japanese army and entered the Soviet Union, and in the Dongman area, other medical forces, including Oh Ui-seong, the front commander of the Chinese National Guguk Army, remained. Upon receiving reports from Gong Jin-won and Shim Man-ho, General Ji Cheong-cheon departed from the camp with Hwanghak-soo, Kim Chang-hwan, and Shin Sook on January 1, 1933, and headed to the headquarters of the Gilin-gu Armed Forces in Akmok-hyeon for a joint venture with Wangdeokrim. Thus, the Korean Independence Army, which reached Namhodu, Yeongan-hyeon, crossing the 160-ri Daesanryeong Pass of the Muinjingyeong, made contact with the headquarters of the Gilingu Armed Forces here. However, the main camp of the Guilimgu Armed Forces, which was stationed in Dongnyeong County at the time, was defeated by the enemy, and Wang Deok-rip fled to old age, and the troops of Ouiseong, the subordinate commander of Wang Deok-rim, moved to the camp, but fortunately, the Guilimjawi Army led by Si-young. However, continuing to engage in joint operations with other Chinese anti-Japanese forces was only a temporary measure, and direct aid from the Chinese government and active cooperation from the Korean independence movement in the jurisdiction were needed to continue to solidify the Korean independence forces. Even after the Korean Independence Army sympathized with the Gilingu Army to conduct joint operations, some small units remained in North Manchuria, including Oh Sang-hyun, attacking Japanese military bases and destroying railroads to prevent the enemy from supplying military supplies. The Korean Independence Army joined forces with the unit of Si-Young Si-Yeong, the commander of the 4th Army of the Gilingu Armed Forces, and named the entire army "China United Toil Army" and established a specific anti-Japanese war policy. The ROK-China Allied Forces promoted military movement in earnest and arrived at Gyeongbakho Lake in Yeongan-hyeon along the Mokdan River via Akmokhyeon. Here, Ji Cheong-cheon appointed Cho Gyeong-han as acting chief of staff on behalf of Shin Sook, the chief of staff dispatched to Namgyeong, to negotiate the aid of the national government. At that time, Gyeongbakho Lake, where the Korean Independence Army was temporarily stationed, was a large lake with a circumference of Sambaek-ri, a length of Baekisim-ri, and a width of about a dozen in the middle, and the ice had not yet melted. During the march, the Korean Independence Army obtained information that one enemy unit departed from Tokyo and tried to pass Gyeongbakho Lake. General Ji Cheong-cheon ambushed the soldiers in canyons on both sides of the lake and waited for the enemy. In the evening, after a squad of Japanese outposts and a cavalry company passed by, a follow-up unit of the Manchurian Armed Forces marched on the ice and reached the ambush of the two armies. Accordingly, the Allied Forces fired bullets at the enemy forces exposed on the ice. Upon receiving an unexpected surprise attack, the enemy was embarrassed and could not respond properly, and scattered in all directions and fled. The ROK-China coalition continued to chase the fleeing enemy soldiers and did not stop shooting. On the ice, the bodies and blood of enemy soldiers were stained, creating a terrible scene. The Allied Forces, which won the first battle in Dongman Bay, captured a large number of military supplies, including rifles and 6,000 live ammunition of 70 rifles. The next day, when marching and solemnizing in Chuja-gu, Si-young's troops stationed in Igu came to the main building of the Korean Independence Army. "You did a great job coming a long way. I heard that he destroyed the enemy in Gyeongbakho Lake on his way. Congratulations on your victory." Si-young welcomed General Ji Cheong-cheon with a bright look. General Ji Cheong-cheon also responded with a big smile. "As the general said he would devote himself to the anti-Japanese war with us, heaven seems to be helping our troops with emotion. In order for us to break the enemy's momentum, which area should we hit first?" "It is important for us to attack Yeonganseong Fortress and disturb the western change of the enemy, so why don't we take away Donggyeongseong Fortress first? Donggyeongseong Fortress is located in the south of Yeongan, where the enemy stores a lot of supplies." "If it is Donggyeongseong Fortress, it used to be one of the ancient trade markets as one of the five scenic spots during the Balhaeguk period." Sounds good." The Korean Independence Army, led by General Ji Cheong-cheon, marched again with the Chinese volunteer forces led by Si Si-young and arrived and stationed in Sadoja. In addition, new soldiers were recruited in the Dongman area and military training was continued on one side. At this time, in order to participate in the anti-Japanese war of the Korean Independence Army, Wonjonggyo believers Shinheul and Ahn Tae-jin supported the enlistment according to the instructions of the leader Kim So-rae. In addition, young people from the Dongman region, who heard rumors that the Korean Independence Army had moved to Dongman Bay, gathered as a base, greatly boosting the military power of the Korean Independence Army, and further the ROK-China coalition. However, in April 1933, the allied forces of Japan and Manchuria stationed in Yeongan County, feeling anxious about the promotion of this military power, began their march to attack the ROK-China allied forces. After obtaining this information, Ji Cheong-cheon established an operation plan with commanders of the ROK-China coalition, including Si-young. "Now that the enemy is marching to destroy our coalition, we'd better divide the entire army into four and lure the enemy to siege and attack it. The first route was organized as a small unit to attract the enemy, the second and third routes were placed in the left and right canyons behind Samdoha to guard the enemy's invasion, and the fourth route was blocked to block the enemy's rear connection and retreat. In the early morning of the 15th, when two battalions of the Japanese and Manchurian troops transferred from Hwanggadun, south of Yeonganhyeon, they came to the direction and invaded the apostle again, completely moving as planned by the ROK-China coalition. General Ji Cheong-cheon ordered the entire army to attack when the enemy's procession entered the range. Various personal firearms of the Allied Forces fired fire, and bullets flew from all sides, destroying the ranks of the Manyang-gun in an instant. The enemy couldn't resist properly and struggled, but it turned upside down when it became a blood sword in front of the Allied firearms. The enemy soldiers, who barely escaped from the Allied range, were caught by ambush soldiers while fleeing and disappeared due to the dew of the battlefield. A majority of the enemy troops were annihilated due to the uncontrolled shooting of the Allied Forces, and the surviving enemy soldiers retreated toward Geumchang-gu. The ROK-China Allied Forces returned to the camp after obtaining a lot of military supplies and arranging their units. On May 2, it maintained this momentum and almost wiped out the Japanese troops of the guerrilla division, Mokrimja, Geumchang-gu, Jujudun, and Hwang Ga-dun after more than 20 gun battles. As long as they won the Battle of the Apostles in the East Bay region, the Chinese Allied Forces were able to strengthen their military power and have abundant military supplies. Accordingly, in order to further strengthen the ground of the independent army, General Ji Cheong-cheon led the deputy commander Hwanghak-su to lead the convenience deck to engage in military activities in Gamo-gun, Bukman Bay.
The match between King Gwanggaeto and Alexander... The reason why the winner is bound to be in Goguryeo.
As far as I know, Goguryeo is the "Buddha's Byeoljong, One branch. I think so and I agree with Sohae. Buyeo is a country surrounded by nomadic peoples on all sides. The nomadic people have used various methods to effectively deal with horses, and the most representative is the "invention of the back." Goguryeo, which had the temperament of the equestrian nomadic people, also accepted the monk's robe early on. Whether the inflow route of the stirrup was from the Hunno side or the Chinese side, it was accepted "early" anyway. The cavalry with this "back" can handle the bow well on horseback and effectively and stably fight on horseback. And since you mentioned Gwanggaeto the Great, let me tell you based on this era. King Gwanggaeto ascended the throne and conquered several countries right around him. King Gwanggaeto fought constantly to secure iron. As soon as they have the iron, they are all used to cultivate strong troops. The army is an ironclad armed with iron all over its body. He is the ironclad soldier who holds a long spear and wears a powerful ironclad that does not work with a bow and a spear, enters the enemy camp, stirs it around, and destroys the ranks. Also, the number of cavalry has increased. During King Gwanggaeto's reign, Goguryeo dominated a place called Jidouu.This place is useful as a horse production area and was famous... I know that cavalry is more effective in combat than infantry. In the field... Alexander Macedonian cavalry may be faster in mobility than Goguryeo cavalry, but Goguryeo cavalry is absolutely ahead in combat utility. In addition, Goguryeo army had a long range and a powerful "Maekgung". Goguryeo is definitely ahead in the confrontation with the defenders, and the one with a high proportion of the tactical system using the bow is definitely advantageous, right? This is the sound of Goguryeo. As you mentioned Blade Hae in detail earlier, I don't think there's anything more to say about Alexander. I won't mention it. And King Gwanggaeto was actively engaged in conquering activities. I don't know that he made such achievements simply by his one-man show. An effective tactical system and the composition of the military were used. Goguryeo, who studied "how to win battles with other countries," had a factor that could not be beaten by any other country. Of course, I'm not saying it's a complete victory. But at least the country that tried to do that is sweet. Goguryeo used tactics and troops to win the battle against Chinese troops and nomadic peoples, who had a large number of weapons and had a high proportion of horsemen. It's a way to confront equestrian soldiers, and others have to take a few steps closer to attack, but I attack more safely from behind, and the killing power is also fast and effective tactics. I think this was the tactic of the Goguryeo army. Macedonia, who was vulnerable to cavalry attacks. It is bound to be weakened by the attack of Goguryeo troops, who sought ways to win the battle against the horsemen with strong cavalry.
60 kinds of Korean history mysteries.
1. 19C German "Aust von Hesse-Bortech" and British "John Ross" explained that the current Chinese territory "Habukseong" is included in the river of modern Joseon. 2. Even China's "China Ancient Geumnimyeong Dictionary" states that "Habukseong" belongs to the river zone of modern Joseon. 3. It is not understood in common sense that Mongolia came all the way to Jeju Island to raise horses to get good horses. 4. The total number of troops in the Three Kingdoms, including Wi, Chok, and Oga, was actually around 200,000. The number of troops in the heyday of Goguryeo and Baekje was 1 million. 5. In the same month of the same year, there is a drought in Baekje and a flood in Silla. It is impossible on the Korean Peninsula. 6. There are countless records of damage caused by a group of mobile locusts during the Goryeo and Joseon periods, including the Three Kingdoms Period. Mobile locusts cannot exist on the Korean Peninsula. 7. In the historical book "Manju Wonryugo," which was founded by the Qing Dynasty and was written under the order of the Qing king, it is recorded that Silla is in Manchuria. 8. Comprehensively, there are more place names that cannot be found on the Korean Peninsula than those found on the Korean Peninsula when looking at various geographical and ancient documents, including the History of the Three Kingdoms and the History of the Three Kingdoms. All the place names from various literatures are currently in China. 9. Kim Bu-sik said he did not know where the salsu was. It is now known as the Cheongcheongang River without any grounds for the place name that Kim Bu-sik did not even know during the Goryeo Dynasty. 10. Currently, Goguryeo castle sites have been excavated in the Inner Mongolia area. 11. The tribes around Lake Baikal are horrifyingly similar to Koreans, ranging from their appearance to customs and culture. They still honor King Dongmyeongseong, who is called Goguryeo Khan. 12. In China, Emperor Chiu explains that he is the emperor of the Gori Kingdom, the ancestor of the Myo tribe, and the Eastern people. In addition, if you look at librarians such as Handangi, Emperor Chiu is clearly the ancestor of the Korean people. Myojok is the same people as us. The Gori people still lived around Lake Baikal, and Goguryeo Goryeo and others were all derived from the Gori people. However, in Korea, cleaning is denied. 13. Baekje's famous eighth family name does not remain on the Korean Peninsula. They are all in the current continent of China. 14. The tomb of Park Hyeokgeose was excavated in China. 15. Looking at trade details such as Goryeo and Joseon, they export things that cannot be produced on the Korean Peninsula. 16. A study by Professor Park Chang-beom of the Department of Astronomy at Seoul National University proved that the astronomical observation record of the Three Kingdoms Fraud was made in the current Chinese continent, not the Korean Peninsula. 17. Handan meat is an ancient document that claims that the history of our people is 10,000 years, not half a million years. Currently, it is ignored by academia, but Professor Park Chang-beom revealed that the astronomical observation record of Korean short-term meat is accurate. 18. Baekje has a larger population than Goryeo or early Joseon. 19. If you look closely at the part depicting the capital of Goguryeo, it is far too small in Pyongyang today. It is creepyly consistent with the current plan of the Chinese continent. 20. Even after the fall of Baekje's capital by 130,000 troops per capita, Baekje General Heukchisangji resisted the party based on about 200 castles, increasing 400,000 troops. If Baekje was on the Korean Peninsula, the entire Korean Peninsula should be covered with castles. 21. The population in the early Joseon Dynasty was 370,000, and only soldiers from Baekje or Goguryeo, a country 1,000 years ago, were 1 million. 22. The current concept of fluctuating yaw is completely different from the concept of fluctuating yaw in the past. Fluctuation does not refer to the current Yodong Peninsula, but to the current mainland of China. On the map written by foreign missionaries or explorers on 23.18-19c, Joseon dominates Manchuria as well as parts of the Chinese continent. 24. According to local historians and local historians of the current mainland of China's Gangso Sukcheon and Shandong Province, that is, Mooksi, Yeon Gaesomun has won consecutive games in these places. 25. There is a castle site near Sukcheon, Gangsoso, China, where residents call it Goryeoseong Fortress. 26. Near Beijing on the current Chinese continent, there is a place called Goryeo Yeongjin. 27. Goguryeo Ko still lives on the Chinese continent. In particular, a descendant of King Jangsu claimed that the tomb of King Yuri of Goguryeo was near Beijing, and there is actually a tomb of King Yuri near Beijing. In China, it is claimed to be the tomb of the king of the Yuri Kingdom of the Empire. 28. Numerous castles on the mainland of China have long been called Goryeo Castle or Goguryeo Castle by locals. 29. Place names related to Baekje's King Uija and Heukchisangji exist only in the continent of China. 30. When Baekje was defeated, there was no place name on the Korean Peninsula. However, there are all of the Chinese continents. 31. Among the place names in the Samguksagi, there are 359 places that Kim Bu-sik said he did not know. All of these exist in the Chinese continent. 32. In addition to Handangi, Gyuwonsahwa, which claims a 10,000-year history of the Korean people, has been known as Wiseo. However, the authentic copy of the Gyuwonsa painting is kept in the National Library of Korea. 33. Korean people are the only people who read Chinese characters accurately with the pronunciation method in China's ancient literature. 34. The name of Tohamsan Mountain in the capital of Silla means volcano. In addition, volcanic activity of Tohamsan Mountain is recorded in Samguk Yusa and Samguk Sagi. However, Tohamsan Mountain in Gyeongju is not a volcano, unfortunately. 35. Korean history teaches that Hansagun was established in the Han Dynasty after Gojoseon's collapse. However, in Chinese literature, it is recorded that the heads of the Han army were defeated by King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo while trying to establish Hansagun, and all of the heads of the Han army were sentenced to Yuxi (the six-part body punishment. 36. Aeshingak, the last name of the Qing Dynasty emperors, means that they will not forget and love Silla. 37. If you read Ashingakra in Mongolian, it is pronounced Aishinjiryo. Aishin means gold, and geographic materials means concubine. The royal family of Silla is the family of Geum. The original name of the Qing Dynasty was the Geum Dynasty. 38. During the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, King Taejo Nurhachi of the Qing Dynasty wrote a letter to his ancestors of the Joseon Dynasty, saying, "I will kill the rats-like Japanese invaders who invaded my parents' country." 39. Geumsa, a historical book of the Geum Dynasty, records that Geum Taejo came from Goryeo. 40. In Manchuria, a historical book of the Qing Dynasty, it is recorded that Geum Taejo named the country after the last name of the king of Silla. 41. Songmakmun, a historical book during the Song Dynasty, records that the chief of the Yeojin tribe in the form of a tribal state just before the founding of the Geum Dynasty was Silla. 42. Currently, the name of Geum Taejo is listed in the genealogy of Buan Kim in Korea. 43. In May, the 13th year of King Onjo of Baekje (BC6), the king told his servants, "There is Nakrang on the east side of Korea and Malgal on the north side, so there are few comfortable days because they invade the territory." According to the common sense learned from national history, the north of Baekje should be blocked by Goguryeo. 44. The Goguryeo ancient tomb mural excavated under Muhaksan Mountain in Deokheung-ri, Daehan-si, Pyeongnam-si in 1976 depicts paintings of 13 Taesu reporting to Yujusa photographs, followed by official names. The name is as follows. Yeongun Taesu (near Wanhyeon in the west of Habukseong Bojeong), Gwangryeong Taesu (Gunchi in Habukseong Takhyeon), Sanggok Taesu (Southwestern border of Hamunbu and Suncheonbu), Eoyang Taesu (East of Habukseong Milunhyeong), Beomyang Taesu (West of Bukgyeong), Bukgyeongtaesu (East of Sanseoseong Daedonghyeon), Yuju refers to the Beijing area. 45. In Namjeseo, a historical book of China, it is recorded that the Northern Wei dispatched hundreds of thousands of cavalry to attack Baekje and lost. As we learned in the national history textbook, we have to cross the sea to play Baekje in the north. Cavalry cannot cross the sea. 46. In the Gyeonggyeong of Goryeo, it is written that the northeast side of Goryeo expanded as the east-west area was 2,000 ri wide, 1,500 ri long north-south, Silla, and Baekje were merged. Songsa, the Geography of the Three Kingdoms, the Geography of Goryeosa Temple, the Geography of the Annals of King Sejong, and the Geography of Korea show that Joseon's ancestors existed by the History Seowon. It is said that the topographic structure of Goryeo's ruling territory, which Seo Geung, a North Korean and foreign country, went to Goryeo and saw, was wide in the east and west. The current Korean Peninsula is a terrain with short east-west and long north-south. 47. In Mongolia, both Jingits Khan's mother and wife are said to be Goguryeo people. 48. If you look closely at the records of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, such as nouns, Annals of King Seonjo, Nanjung Ilgi, Yi Sunsinjeonseo, Imjinjeonransa Temple, Eunbongya Temple, etc., the place, location, defense, distance, and postwar circumstances do not fit at all on the Korean Peninsula. 49. All the place names in the records during the Imjin War exist in China. 50. Choi Doo-hwan, an active Navy Lieutenant Colonel who directly translated the original text of the Nanjung Diary, said that there were many things that could not be understood while translating the Nanjung Diary. This problem is said to have been easily solved when the place name was tracked and the stage of the Imjin War was moved to mainland China. 51. According to the records during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, it is recorded that the king of Joseon fled to the west when the Japanese invaded. Common sense is that it is right to flee to the north. 52. According to the Shindo Scream yesterday, it is recorded that the Japanese invaders invaded Dongnae, Busan, and advanced westward by dividing it into several roads. If it is the Korean Peninsula, of course, it is right to go north. 53. Maps can be made properly only when they are well versed in surveying, mathematics, astrophysics, and optics. It is absurd that Kim Jung-ho made a sophisticated Daedongyeojido after touring the entire Korean Peninsula three times. 54. Kim Jeong-ho began to be known by textbooks made by the Japanese during the Japanese colonial period. It was also during the Japanese colonial period that Daedongyeojido was released. 55. The article written on Daedongyeojido clearly states that Joseon's river area is 19,900 ri. It is not in line with the map next to the text, that is, the Korean Peninsula. 56. It is written that the center of Joseon is Nakyang. The place name Nakyang never existed on the Korean Peninsula. Nakyang is a thousand-year-old city in China. 57. According to a book written by a Portuguese priest named Cespedes in 16c, the kingdom of Korai or Coria takes about 10 days from Japan and the end of the kingdom reaches Tibet. In addition, there was Tatar in the north of Joseon, and it is written that it is also Joseon land. Tatar is a race active in Inner Mongolia. In addition, it is written that the rivers of the Joseon continent are abundant in quantity, and the width of the river reaches three reguas. 58. In an article about the river area of Joseon written by Father Louis Freus, it is written that there are abundant rivers and huge deserts. 59. There are about 200,000 Korean history books burned in Japan during the Japanese colonial period. There are only two books left: Samguksagi and Samguksusa. 60. Both the basics and systems of Korean national history were established by Japan during the Japanese colonial period. Currently, high school national history textbooks are almost the same as the book "Chosun History" written by Japan during the Japanese colonial period. Finally, I will introduce a phrase from the ancient text "Gyuwonsa painting," which claims the 10,000-year history of our people. "Sad! If there is anyone in the future who holds onto this book and cries, I will die and be infinitely happy!"