The great wealth of the Ming Dynasty.

 When Joseon was immersed in Confucian notions, the name of the country was actually moving toward capitalism........... Ahaha. China has a large land and is so warm that crops are popping...... Japan is not as good as that, but it is a commercial encouragement in warm areas. We're commerce and industry in cold areas. The name of Jongjuguk and Cheong were like that. What's this? I'm so proud of Confucian idealism. However, ignoring the material basis is a big flaw, that is, the good and unearned fatherhood. During the Imjin War, the reason why Myeonggun looted so much was that he brought money to procure supply from Joseon. Road conditions are bad in Joseon, too. What do you mean money doesn't work? Yes, looting and rape. It is said that the famous officials recommended reform to Joseon several times, but the king of Joseon refused. [Humanities] "Chaos of Pleasure"...The scenery of stores lined up among the "Hwangdo Jeokseungdo," which describes the wealth of the Ming Dynasty, its light and shadow, and the social image and life of Beijing. Myeongdae pursued a self-sufficient society based on agricultural production in the early days of its founding, but this rather led to the development of commerce and trade.Photo courtesy of Lee San ◇ Chaos of Pleasure, Timothy Brooke Ji Eum, Yi Jeong Kang In-hwang, 400 pages, 18,000 won, and Han, who used Confucianism as a national ideology, are considered famous countries that tried to unite Confucianism with Confucian cultivation. Joseon, which used Neo-Confucianism as a national ideology, used the name founded around the same time as a model state and completed the example of the four generations. He dreamed of becoming a member of China and hoped to become a member of China, and even after the name was destroyed by Qing, he was angry enough to use the last emperor's Yeonho Sungjeong. What would it be like if such a Joseon nobleman had read this book? The book, which won the Joseph Levenson Award for the best Chinese-related writings at the American Asian Society in 2000, summarizes the commercial development of Myeongdae and its resulting cultural and historical changes in the words "pleasure" and "chaos." According to this book, the agricultural-centered Neo-Confucianism ideal of Nongjacheonha Daebon is limited to the era of the chief priest of Hongmuje (1328-1398), who founded the Ming Dynasty. Director Joo, who lost his parents due to famine and had to live with begging as a child, made an ideal country that can be self-sufficient enough to not have to go to a neighboring village where people can hear the sound of chicken crying and dog making. He limited the travel distance of the people to 12 km and strictly banned social movements between private farmers and merchants. However, through this, as rural areas stabilized and production increased, surplus agricultural products were created, resulting in the prosperity of commerce. As transportation and communication developed through the maintenance of land and waterways for national operation, the movement of goods and manpower was active and the development of the city resulted. According to a census conducted after entering a stable period, the population of people has already exceeded 60 million at the end of the 14th century. At the same time, the population of the UK decreased from 6 million to 2.2 million due to the epidemic of the Black Death. Due to commercial development, silk and ceramics were exported to the world, and silver from Europe, South America, and Japan flowed into China. There were so many merchant ships and shops that Choi Bu, who returned to Joseon after drifting from Jeju Island during the Yeongnakje, the third emperor of his name, was surprised to see Hangzhou in Pyo Hae-rok. The commercial development of title has also brought about a tremendous change in cultural life. With the development of woodblock printing, personal writings and general books, as well as local magazines and newspapers, have been published. For the first time in Chinese history, people who owned 10,000 books also appeared. In addition, merchants have created a boom in collecting art and antiques and fashion that can show off their wealth. Even today's host bar culture of selling castles to women has emerged as the wind of scenic historical tourism blows. Of course, the masters criticized the development of commerce and the pursuit of pleasure. However, at that time, the social image of one of the world's richest people was definitely not the society Joseon expected and dreamed of. Rather, it was closer to today's capitalist society. The reason why Myeongdae's noblemen were able to survive the Mingcheong replacement was to walk on the path of merchants they criticized themselves. While a Canadian historian published a book that reviewed China's history hundreds of years ago, it is a book that makes us ashamed of how much we know about the closest neighbors.

MacArthur in the Korean War.

 His criminal record was mainly the fight against the Japanese during the Pacific War and the fight against the communist forces in the Korean War, which is so famous in Korea. The former is not so valuable because the power difference is too large. (Yamamoto told me not to fight because he's a teenager) The latter is considered great enough to build a statue in Incheon from the west of Korea. So about 10 years ago, when I surveyed the 50 people who moved Korea in the center of the month, I was the only foreigner in the top 10. Perhaps that's why, if only MacArthur had been there, we would have exploded in China and unified. The opinion of Iran is dominant. However, few people know that MacArthur was the one who made the biggest retreat in the history of the U.S. military. The U.S. military and South Korean troops, which were advancing in two branches in a chase mode, were ambushed by the Chinese military and retreated excitedly to the bottom of Seoul. Some devalued it as "Isn't it tactics?" But what was the condition of the Chinese army fighting them? In a country that has only been opened for a year, he participated with almost no heavy weapons and aircraft. Trusting the Soviet Union's promise to support the public... (Although it was not observed in the end) Then what about the United States?  It was the power to defeat Germany and Japan, the top military powers at the time, through World War II. It's overwhelmingly... (Even though I got a lot of energy from supplies) So, when the U.S. military was first dispatched to Korea, I thought I would return to my hometown before Christmas and eat turkey...  When asked by Truman about their participation in the Chinese military, MacArthur also replied, "If they intervene, the biggest time death in history will occur." He said that we won over Germany and Japan with the superiority of aviation power. Therefore, I tell the president that I will win even once. Looking at the future trends, it is a great prince disease.  He told Truman that the Chinese army would not intervene, but it seems that he wanted them to intervene. So he probably wanted to completely drive their enemies out of Asia like World War II. What's interesting is that Seung-man was the same. According to Jeong Il-kwon's testimony, he delivered the ROK military's intelligence to MacArthur that the Chinese army was moving. And when the Chinese army intervened, "It finally came out. "Truman will also put some strength into his belly button."  It was Rhee Syng-man, who said evening before the war in Pyongyang, lied that the Korean army was moving forward without hesitation after the war and ran away after cutting off his legs. However, his friend MacArthur protected him, and the prince's disease came back. However, the relentless advance of these two prince soldiers' combinations ends with the intervention of the Chinese military. At night when the Chinese army is not searched by the aircraft, it moves behind them and makes a siege and throws away the allied forces. Only then does MacArthur declare in his own words, "A completely new war has begun."  This is what he said, who guaranteed that even if he came to his country's president, he would kill him. And eventually, they even insist on the input of atomic bombs. The strongest U.S. military insisted on the use of atomic bombs in an army equipped with much less equipment than the German and Japanese forces. ................................................................................................... Three-line summary. 1. MacArthur lost "big" even with cutting-edge power 2. I don't know why the statue of MacArthur, who is good at making excuses, stands. 3. I hate Seungman's prince disease.

Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 10. Liberation Army. (3)

 Although the unit organization of the Liberation Army was nearing the completion stage, the organization was reorganized due to the "quasi-Seung of the Korean Liberation Army Action Paragraph 9" demanded by the Liberation Army Command, and internally, the Korean People's Revolutionary Party was killed. Thus, the Liberation Army achieved military unification by completely combining armed forces. Accordingly, as the general command of the Liberation Army and the organization of each region were reorganized, and the Joseon Volunteer Corps was organized as the first zone of the Liberation Army, Kim Won-bong was newly inaugurated as a deputy commander of the Liberation Army. In line with the demands of the Chinese Military Commission, Chinese Yun Information was newly appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Liberation Army, and Chinese people such as Won Chul as Chief of Staff and Hwang So-mi as Chief of Staff and Chung Hoon joined the temporary General Command. However, as the Liberation Army was on track, China's range of interference narrowed, and in August 1943, only the chief of staff, lieutenants, the head of the Gun and the head of the military handling finances and military supplies were appointed as Chinese, and most of the executives were replaced by Korean officers. Meanwhile, nine junseungs, which were conditions for binding the Liberation Army, were canceled due to the efforts of the temporary government, and the organization system was reorganized under the Korea Liberation Army Submergence Organization Ordinance on December 9, 1944. General Commander Lee Chung-cheon, Chief of Staff Kim Hong-il, Senior Staff Chae Won-gae, Song Soo-chang, Deputy General Lee Bok-won, Kim Ja-dong, Secretary Yoon Kyung-bin, Chief of Staff Ji Bok-young, Choi Yong-deok, First Division, Lee Joon-sik. As a result of the reorganization, the first, second, and third zones were newly organized. Kim Won-bong was the head of the first zone organized during the Yongdae period of Joseon. The second zone was organized by integrating the first, second, and fifth zones, and the head of the zone was Lee Bum-seok. In this appointment, some say that Lee Bum-seok, who was the chief of staff at the initial general command, lowered his position and went to the commander, as if he were a Baekui Order, but this is not the case. The position by the organization was an unchanged treatment. However, it was the personnel measure of the commander-in-chief, who thought he was the most appropriate person in dealing with the reality of the chaotic zone 2 at the time, and it was also based on what he wanted. Meanwhile, the 6th branch of Jingmo, which had been making great achievements through the first-time recruitment activities, increased the number of people in the area, and General Ji Cheong-cheon asked the Ministry of Communications to organize the 6th branch as an official unit, and in March 1945. Through this process, the organization of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd zones of the period unit of Gwangbok-gun was completed. In addition to the unit during this period, there were the Inmyeon Dispatch Unit, which helped the British forces in India, the 3rd branch of the Chinese Army, the 9th Light Command, and the 9th Light Command gathered to educate and train young people. This change in the organization of the Liberation Army unit is directly linked to the development of the Liberation Army, which was organized with only 30 general command personnel in September 1940, and as of August 1945, the Korean Liberation Army developed a special operation with the British army. Compared to the forces of the Joseon Volunteer Army, which was assigned to the 8th National Revolutionary Army just before liberation and engaged in fierce guerrilla warfare against the Japanese, and the Korean platoon, which fought an anti-Japanese war. Then, let's take a closer look at the nine quasi-seungs raised by the Chinese Military Commission, which interfered with the military activities of the Liberation Army. General Ji Cheong-cheon, who was in charge of public negotiations as the commander-in-chief of the Liberation Army, encouraged the activities of the West Bank and each region and began negotiations with the Chinese authorities. Thus, in July 1941, Jang Gaeseok notified the establishment of the Korean Liberation Army through the efforts of the temporary government and Chinese factors supporting the Korean Liberation Army. However, this recognition has a clue that there is a restriction on the Chinese military government, and the Chinese Military Commission informed Ji Cheong-cheon in November 1941 of the so-called nine quasi-winners' recognition of "the Korean Liberation Army belongs to the plenary session and leads." In other words, it guaranteed aid to the Liberation Army and launched a joint operation against the Chinese army, but before entering the Korean border, it would be controlled by the Chinese Military Commission. These nine quasi-seungs meant that the temporary government was not recognized as the official government of Korea, and that the Liberation Army was not recognized as the national army of the temporary government. In response, various opinions were developed in the temporary government and the independence movement camp. Ji Cheong-cheon had no choice but to admit it while feeling the harshness of nine quasi-seungs. The reasons why the Liberation Army was unable to carry out an active anti-Japanese war at that time were as follows. First, the independence movement camp in China had already entered into the formation of the Liberation Army before signing a formal treaty with the Chinese authorities, but it was difficult to maintain the number of soldiers increased to 300 due to 100,000 won in subsidies and donations from Chinese women's committee. Second, it is impossible to delay the anti-Japanese struggle for military power, which the domestic people desperately desire. In other words, with the progress of the Sino-Japanese War, alliances between Germany, Italy, and Japanese imperialism were formed, and Japan's atmosphere to attack allied forces that aid China was likely to spread the war. In fact, Japan launched an air raid on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 to provoke the Pacific War. In this urgent global war situation, the Korean Liberation Army needed to participate in the war armed as soon as possible. Third, even if nine quasi-winners are approved, the Liberation Army will continue to work with the Provisional Government's Control Department and will also serve as a driving force for Korea's independence and revolutionary movement. With this basic position, it is necessary to temporarily approve the amendment because it will be possible to revise the nine quasi-win in the future. In addition, it was judged that if the armed battle of the Korean Liberation Army was prepared and advanced to Manchuria, it would be able to escape the arrest of nine quasi-seungs. Although the provisional government decided to accept nine quasi-winners through the 18th Cabinet meeting on November 19, it finally allowed the Gwangbuk-gun to receive official recognition from the Chinese government and solve the financial problems that have been struggling. However, although the Liberation Army was restricted by the Chinese Military Commission, the leaders of the Provisional Government such as President Kim Gu and the commanders of the Liberation Army such as Ji Cheong-cheon declared internally that the Liberation Army was directly under the Provisional Government. In addition, as the Pacific War broke out, the provisional government immediately declared a war against Japan and officially announced that Korea had already become one combat unit. Meanwhile, activities were carried out to revise the nine Junseungs, and through the 34th extraordinary parliamentary meeting held in October 1942, Kim Sang-deok, Cho Kyung-han, and Gong Jin-won were appointed as "special members of the nine ports," and the government organized small association, Cho So-ang, Kim Gyu-sik, and Park Chan-ik. However, the basic attitude of the Chinese authorities remained unchanged. In July 1943, Kim Gu, Hong Jin, Cho So-ang, and Ji Cheong-cheon met with Jang Ga-seok on behalf of the Provisional Government and Liberation Army, and exchanged opinions on the concerns of Korea and China, including approval and support of the Provisional Government. At the meeting, Zhang Gaeseok promised to further strengthen support for the Liberation Army, but even after the meeting, the Chinese Military Commission's attitude toward nine quasi-win remained unchanged. In this situation, at the extraordinary parliamentary meeting held in January 1943, opinions were expressed to declare the abolition of nine quasi-seungs by one-buck. However, due to the opinion that military activities could not be suspended, several negotiations were held again. Thus, formal negotiations between Korea and China began at the end of June 1944 due to the mediation of Chinese factors such as Oh Cheol-seong. The first meeting was hosted by Ji Cheong-cheon, the commander of the Korean Liberation Army, on June 22, attended by South Korean representatives Cho So-ang, Park Chan-ik, and Choi Deok-shin, and Chinese representatives Hu Sheng and Cho Deok-su attended to reach a general agreement on revising the nine quasi-seungs. Since then, there have been three more negotiations between these negotiators, and on July 10, Ha Eung-heum, head of the Chinese Military Commission, reported the results of the draft military agreement to Zhang Gae-seok and officially notified the temporary government of the cancellation of nine quasi-seungs. As a result, the Korea-China military agreement was resolved as requested by South Korea, and a new military agreement was concluded again from an equal standpoint. After consultation between Korea and China, a military agreement was signed on April 4, 1945, called the Original Korean Liberation Army Act.

As a result, the Korean Liberation Army belonged to the temporary government, fought an anti-Japanese war only within the Chinese border, and the temporary government was provided by China for military expenses in the form of loans, establishing the external prestige of the Korean temporary government. Thus, the Liberation Army further strengthened its independence and independence as a Korean army in the name and reality of the provisional government.

Let's abandon the sense of servant to China, the United States, Japan, and Europe/Tears of Germany

 In the early 1970s, amid the trend of East-West detents, we first proposed the Red Cross talks to start dialogue between the two Koreas, but of course, the "Spring of Panmunjeom" did not last long. However, President Park Chung-hee made an offer to North Korea on inter-Korean relations at a congratulatory speech every August 15. And this tradition continued to the 5th and 6th contributions and the civil government. This is not because of North Korea, but because inter-Korean relations needed to improve in order to protect our economy and get the people out of the fear of war. However, until the mid-1990s, North Korea was also defensive, so it was not easy to find a point of contact between the two Koreas. With the Kim Dae Jung government's inter-Korean summit and the revitalization of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation, at least the general public felt much less security anxiety. However, is it a service pair? As the desired improvement in inter-Korean relations became a reality, the "South-South conflict" began to emerge.Criticism such as "It is a pro-North Korean regime that sides with and spreads with North Korea," "It is an anti-U.S. regime that confronts the U.S.," and "Korea-U.S. relations are deteriorating because of inter-Korean relations." has not subsided even after the Roh Moo Hyun administration. Basically, it can be said that it is the foot of Cold War logic, black and white logic, or the consciousness of respect for the United States, but some things need to be pointed out for healthy discussions on unification and national self-reliance diplomacy in the future. First, if mechanical reciprocity is not applied without pressure on North Korea, is it pro-North Korea and spreading? It was proved in the process of forming the European Union (EU) that dialogue, exchange, cooperation, travel, and support are the powerful methodologies for peace settlement and integration between competitive and hostile countries. Inter-Korean economic cooperation and support for North Korea are not meant to be anti-North Korea, but not pro-North Korea. It is a way to correct reality on the basis of acknowledging reality. Other than this method, is there a trick to improve inter-Korean relations and unify peacefully? Second, shouldn't you criticize the United States for being rough with diplomacy, but say it hurts when you're sick? If the opponent seems to be listening to our argument, don't you have no choice but to speak loudly? What if we define even the question raised out of desperation to prevent nuclear catastrophe as "confrontation" or "anti-American" within us? The United States has helped us a lot and is still an ally, but the United States and our national interests cannot be the same. When the US policy is against us, we should say it is disadvantageous and do our best to persuade the US. Why do you do diplomacy? In Korea-Japan relations, it is self-conflict and subjugation to draw the line between pro-American and anti-American in Korea-U.S. relations, while ordering "talking what to say" and maximizing national interests regardless of pro-Japanese and anti-Japanese relations. Third, improving inter-Korean relations is a way to make peace. Korea-U.S. relations have a great economic significance, but they are basically a means of "protecting peace." However, 'protecting peace' alone cannot promise 'peace in an active sense' or unification. Therefore, until the national goal of peace and unification is achieved, inter-Korean relations and Korea-U.S. relations should be properly balanced and utilized, not tilted to either side. In short, Korea-U.S. relations are not an end, but a means. Now is the time to abandon the black-and-white logic of anti-North Korea or pro-North Korea and anti-American relations. Although this is not even the Cold War era, the problem on the Korean Peninsula cannot be solved by approaching it with black and white logic like children or ideological cross-disciplinary arguments. In the future, we should abandon the sense of "cow" that we feel relieved only when we catch anyone's pants, analyze the situation "from my country's point of view" and lead the situation according to the national tax of the country preparing for the $20,000 era. It is also our responsibility to further change North Korea and improve inter-Korean relations, and it is our job to make neighboring countries cooperate with our unification. I can't leave this to another country, but there's no way another country will do it. Of course, since the realistically important country is the United States, it is necessary to cooperate closely with the United States, but to cooperate at the level of beauty, not at the level of Sungmi, and to dexterate diplomacy that appropriately utilizes related countries at that time. To this end, we must remove the sense of periphery in our hearts. Korea is a considerably larger country than self-assessment. In December 1970, German Prime Minister Billy Brandt knelt down in front of a Jewish memorial in Warsaw, Poland, in December 1970. Gatoran collective detention center locked up by the Nazi regime before executing Jews.In early 1943, the Jews of Ghetto revolted against the Nazi army. Fifty-six,000 Jewish victims were killed in a four-month-long fight or arrested and sent to camps. In 1975, Germany enacted a special law and established the Georg Eckert International Textbook Research Institute.Succession and expansion of private research institutes by historian Eckert, who had already led joint research on history textbooks between Germany and France in the 1950s. Since then, the institute has conducted joint research on history textbooks with Poland and Israel, another victims of World War II, respectively. On January 27, 1995, a ceremony was held to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz Camp. This also symbolized the German people's victory over the Nazi regime. The German government officially designated January 27 as a day to remember past mistakes. In 2000, Germany launched the 'Memory, Responsibility and Future' Foundation.It is an institution in which the state compensates individuals who were taken to the Nazis during World War II and forced labor. Earlier, Germany paid 25 billion marks to Israel as state compensation and 15 billion marks to Nazi victims and their bereaved families separately. On May 8, 2005, a large sculpture appeared at Brandenburg Square in Berlin, Germany's No. 1 political district. It is a monument dedicated to all 6 million Jews slaughtered not only in Germany but also across Europe. This day marks the 60th anniversary of Germany's defeat in World War II. After World War II, Germany thoroughly reflected on the Nazi regime's errors at the national level. As seen in the name of the compensation agency, they know that they must "remember" and "responsible" the past to promise a "future." Therefore, there is no conflict between Germany and neighboring war victims over "true apology," textbook distortion, and forced labor compensation." German President Horst Köller, who visited the Israeli parliament on the 2nd, reportedly showed tears while delivering a speech of penance.It is a German tear that has been constantly reflecting on the past for 60 years, and the hearts of the Germans are united.

Crazy Rasputin.

 He is a Siberian farmer who suddenly became a monk one day. People who got his help praised him for his ability to cure diseases by using hypnosis-like techniques (Of course, he praised him as a saint, not as the headquarters), but in reality, he was a mysterious man who hoped for and binge-drinking the nickname of the saint. One day, when Alexei, the crown prince with hemophilia, a terrible illness from the British royal family, dies, the astonished empress brings this monster to the imperial family. Raspuchin uses hypnosis here to heal Alexei's hemophilia (maybe not, but pretending to heal it), and enters Russian society. The problem arises here. There was a story that Raspuchin pretended to be brilliant and suggested participating in the war. But the result was a setback. The Russian army has already lost consecutive games after the Russo-Japanese War and is struggling in the east, so even the younger brothers of Czar and Czar have to go to the front. Eventually, conspirators gathered to remove Raspuchin the end. At the center was Sir Yuspov, the imperial family. They invited Raspuchin to the feast and conspired to poison him by feeding poisoned wine and snacks. Finally... Raspuchin entered his banquet hall without knowing where I would die. I tried to book while dancing as much as I could, and I ate poison wine and poison snacks prepared by Youspov. And Raspuchin's body slowly tilted... It would have been a mistake if it had been... Rather, I chatted and played as if I were getting lively. The conspirators were shocked. It's been two hours and you didn't die, so the mastermind eventually took out a pistol and did Rasputin's method. Raspuchin collapsed with a frightened face, spewing blood................... wasn't it. Surprised Yuspov and his party began to step down. But this Raspuchin was really chasing me without even thinking of dying. Surprised, they gave Raspuchin a few more shots and finally thought Raspuchin's life was over, so they put his body in a bag and threw it into the river in the cold winter. After this, the assassinists played, ate, and lived well before the revolution without anything happening. Of all things, this body was found. According to the investigation, it was drowning. He wrote this in the letter before he died. "Your Majesty. If I die by a peasant, the dynasty will last forever, and if I die by a nobleman, the nobleman will disappear (not for the time being), and if I am killed by the imperial family, the dynasty will disappear now." (I've written it down in northern words once.) The things you do are both the same) Anyway, it's a product that shows that religious people shouldn't jump into politics.

About Kim Ilsung...If it's the same person...

 Kim Il-sung's emergence in history is known as the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army under the People's Revolutionary Government, a successor to the anti-Japanese guerrilla formed in 1931 through solidarity between Koreans and Chinese constructionists. There is so much controversy over whether the person of Kim Il-sung is actually Kim Il-sung of North Korea, so I don't have to say exactly. However, the character "Kim Il-sung" was a member of the Northeast People's Revolution Army in 1933 and began activities to overcome errors in the Soviet movement policy taken by the anti-Japanese guerrillas and strengthen armed struggle. It is said that many Korean communists participated, but it was a group led by the central Chinese Communist Party. After that, in 1935, while advocating the strengthening of the anti-Japanese national unification front, the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army was expanded and reorganized into the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance. The Northeast People's Revolution Army carried out several domestic vacuum operations with the support of domestic organizations, representatively the Korean National Liberation Alliance of the Korean Liberation Association, and Kim Il-sung will make his name known as he participates in such operations. And the most famous event was in June 1937, when the 7th and 8th divisions of the 6th Division of the 2nd Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Union attacked Bocheonbo, the location of Bocheon-myeon, Gapsan-gun, Hamgyeongbuk-do, when Kim Il-sung commanded the unit. This case becomes an event that shows him to the world. Later, it was lost its foundation due to the massive sweeping operation of Japanese imperialism, and most of the troops were transferred to the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1942, when Kim Il-sung was also known to be transferred to the Soviet Union. These are the communist forces later called the Gapsan faction. Soviet troops stationed in the north of the 38th parallel and several communist forces entered the country, and one of the organizations that carried the Soviet Union on their backs was the Gapsan group. There was a man called Kim Il-sung at the forefront of the Gapsan faction, and eventually took power based on the Gapsan faction to purge all other forces, and ultimately in 1967 the Gapsan faction also purged...That's why I'm here now. .

The fall of the Cortes and Astech empires

 "As early as the time comes, I will return to the middle of you, along with the bearded white people, to the east coast..." - In the ASTECH legend around AD1000, the first contact ** Espanyans were engulfed in the reign of Montesuma II and his people. Disasters, which mean ominous signs, were occurring one after another. A burning comet passed through the sky. The temple of Uichilofoktli, the god of war, was engulfed in a fire. The Mexican lake boiled and overflowed, causing houses to be submerged.  The woman wandered around the street in the middle of the night and sobbed as follows. "My children, we must leave this city!" A fisherman caught a bird with a strange mirror on its head feathers and dedicated it to the king. When Montesuma looked into the mirror, people on the backs of deer-like animals were seen at war on a wide plain. When frightened Montesuma told his manager to explain this terrifying sign, the manager said the signs were predicting that the kingdom of Montesuma would collapse. In fact, Montesuma had a reason to be afraid. - The Espanyans were settled in Hispanola and Cuba because they had been marching toward their empire.   The Espanians attempted several expeditions to the Yucatan Peninsula in 1517, and returned with amazing stories about Maya, a highly civilized man, and tremendous gold. The stories of these discoveries strongly stimulated the curiosity of the colonists in Cuba. Among them was Hernan Cortes, a magistrate of Santiago. Diego de Velázquez, former governor of Cuba, offered to support 2-3 ships if Cortes was willing to lead the army with the rest of the funds. Cortes accepted this proposal and on August 23, 1518, Velazquez appointed Cortes as the commander-in-chief of the expedition to Yucatan.  Pillars that looked like fireworks would appear every night.  A woman sobbed, "My children, we have to leave this city far away!"  Montesuma saw people dressed strangely from afar climb on the backs of deer and fight a war. In January 1519, *** Cortes was appointed commander *** The Espanyan colony of the 16th century was excited by the enthusiasm for gold, and about two weeks later Cortes was able to prepare two double sailboats and 300 soldiers. Velazquez knows the size of the troops Cortes is taking and dispatches a messenger who has issued his command, fearing that if he tries to explore more than just one, it will be difficult to control. However, after killing the messenger, Cortes' brother-in-law brought the governor's letter to Cortes and showed it to him. Beware of Velazquez's intentions, Cortes quickly led the expedition and escaped Cuba.    It is only about 120 miles from Cuba to Yucatan, and Cortes gets off at Kosumel's beach and sees the Maya pyramid, where the sanctuary is set up at the top for the first time in his life. Almost at the same time, he gets incredible luck. The natives who lived on the island informed him that there were two Christians who drifted from a boat a long time ago and lived as prisoners in the country of the next gate, known as Yucatan. One of the two Christians' names is Geronimo de Aguilar, and it is said that a ship was wrecked near Jamaica in 1511. The reason to thank Aguilar for his survival is the fact that Cortes has obtained an interpreter who speaks the Mayan dialect.   Cortes landed while exploring the outskirts of Yucatan and Potonchan, and the natives gave him some food and a golden mask, telling the Espanians. "We don't want war, we don't want trade." "We have no more gold. If you don't leave, I'll kill everyone." Eventually, this conversation ends with a tragedy in which more than 400 Indians are exterminated. The Indians surrendered and made tortilla bread to the Espanians and offered gifts, including 20 women to attend. Cortes found one of the women offered as gifts, Maya and Nauatlian, Malinali speaking Astec, or Malinche. This meeting provided the key to realizing Cortes' ambition. - When Cortes delivers his intention through Geronimo Aguilar and Aguilar speaks Mayan to Malinze again, she has found a way of interpreting in a way that speaks to Mexicans in Nauatl.  The Espanyans' landing Espanyans' march Espanyans' soldier is destroying Mexican temples. ***Additional** An indio woman known by her nickname La Malinche, who played an important role in Cortes' conquest of Mexico, existed. Her original name was Malinali Setenepal, and she was one of the 20 women offered to Cortes as a gift of reconciliation, but she was very intelligent and able to speak a variety of native languages, so she stands out. Cortes delivered his intention in Spanish to Geronimo de Aguilar (Aguillar was captured by the Mayans for eight years because his ship was wrecked and lived with them), and Aguilar translated into Malin Mayan and spoke to the native tribe in Nauatlian. Cortes called her Mirengua, or "my tongue," and cherished her very much. Malinche was baptized by Catholicism and Marina got an Espanyan name. However, indigenous Indians called her Malinche, not Marina. It meant the woman of the conqueror, the traitor. She served as a counselor and advisor as well as an interpreter. She was the one who explained Indio's mindset, customs, religion, and tradition to Cortes and guided him to every corner of the Astec Empire. In Tenochtitlan, a magnificent city floating in the middle of the lake, Emperor Montesuma, who rules the empire, lives, and Malinche also said that when the emperor's troops form a battle, the entire land is covered as if the sea would be wavy. Although as many as 30 subordinate countries are offering tribute to the emperor, she also hinted that they must turn their backs on the Astec Empire when someone with stronger power appears, as they are looking for a chance to escape from Astec's control and become independent.  The information and knowledge given by Malinche were more reliable and powerful than any other weapon. Cortes planned to destroy Astec based on that information and knowledge. The core of the plan was to attract the Indio tribe, who hated Astec, into the allies. As planned, strong Indian tribes have joined the Cortes side one after another. To that extent, it goes without saying that Malinche showed his skills with skillful speech as he traveled between tribes. Why did Malinche cooperate with Cortes? Why did she turn a blind eye to her kind of Indio and become a woman of an unfamiliar conqueror? Perhaps the answer lies somewhere in her past. It is not well known when and where she was born. Some say that she was the daughter of a noble man and some say she was the daughter of a king, but anyway, she seems to have not been an ordinary woman, considering that the advice she gave Cortes had a considerable eye and knowledge. What small tribe were they from that was trampled by the Astech Empire?  It is said that Malinche has been sold as a slave since childhood. It is said that he traveled from place to place by working hard such as watering, grinding corn, and weaving. She could speak many native languages because she wandered around many places. When he met Cortes, Malinche would have already been a woman who had tasted the darkness of life and human vice to the fullest. All she received from her kind may have been contempt and abuse. Everything related to miserable memories, including relatives and hometowns, may have wanted to deny it.  On April 20th, 1519, *** The Force of Force *** # Pope must have been drunk - the reaction of Senu Indian to hear that Pope Alexander VI divided the world into Espanya and Portugal - the fleet passes through Fortonchan and reaches what was once named the island of offerings.There, Cortes receives warm hospitality from the Totonaks. Totonak remembered Grihalva, who was kind to them, and thought that the Espaniles could become allies in the war against the Mexicans. A few days later, the envoy of Montesuma, the great king of Mexico, arrived. The envoy's name was Teudile, and as all the great king's officials do, he wore a beautiful cloak made of parrot feathers to show his high position. Montesuma instructed envoys to support food, precious jewelry, and feather ornaments as gifts. Delivering Montesuma's good will, Teudille puts his damp finger on the soil, lifts it, and puts it on his lips ("eating dust").Gestures are one of the signs of respect seen by Astec's diplomatic envoys) and then incense was burned, and surprisingly, the Espanese bled from their bodies and buried in reeds and dedicated to them. After asking a few questions about Montesuma, Cortes introduced himself as a representative envoy to the king who rules the "great country of the world." Teudille asked again if there was a message he wanted to convey to Montesuma in order to fulfill his wish come true. Cortes then demonstrated the power of cannons and horses to Astech envoys. His mid-term troops were fully armed with cavalry spears and swords, rang the bell, and rushed to the coast.

It wasn't enough for threats, but when a large cannon was fired, Teudille and other envoys literally fell on the ground and trembled with fear.  Espanyan soldiers arrest the envoys of Montesuma.  When Espanyan soldiers fired cannons, envoys fell on the floor like dead people because of fear. *** Cortes burns a boat *** The Spanish all had to carry in their pockets a charter of rights that summarized their beliefs in one item.                                <"This Spanish has been given the right to act as they choose"> - Kanibet - Montesuma envoys returned to the emperor with an astonishing report on their meetings with the Espaniles. : Their cannons, horses, dogs, and greed for gold. Montesuma was frightened by the envoys' stories, and thought Cortes was likely the reality of the "feathered snake" Kesalkoatl, who vowed to return to his kingdom and sacred throne someday.  Meanwhile, Cortes was measuring his choice direction. He had not yet seen Tenochtitlan's magic city, but knew it was about 200 miles away. If he returned to Cuba, he would be detained or killed for disobedience to the governor-general.  The only way he could choose was to conquer and settle in part of the land. To realize this plan, he had his supporters build a colonial city and denied all the positions Velazquez had certified. The legally enacted "Villarica City Council" was established, and the council appointed Cortes as governor-general. After Cortes accepted the post of governor-general, he strictly defined his relationship with Velazquez. Several soldiers who were loyal to Cuba's governor-general tried to steal ships and flee to Cuba, but Cortes responded quickly and broke their plans. To prevent such rebellion from happening again, Cortes sank all the ships under the pretext that the sailing ships could no longer withstand the voyage. After sinking all the ships, Cortes marched into the territory of the Tlaxcala. They were strong opponents of Mexico, and Cortes believed that the Tlaxcala would be a powerful force as a military alliance against Astec.  After a long debate, the Tlakscallas decide to fight Cortes instead of Astec, but they have to suffer a disastrous defeat. Eventually, the Tlakscallas accepted the proposal for peace and agreed to attack Mexico with Cortes. Cortes, along with the Tlaxcala warriors, marches toward Cholula, 20 miles from Tlaxcala. Rumor has it that the Cholulines are planning to detain Cortes in the city and slaughter his troops, according to the Tlaxcala people to Malinze. When Cholula leaders and a large number of warriors gathered in the vacant lot in front of the Temple Pyramid of Kesalkoatl without arms, Espanyans and Tlaxcalines began the massacre. The massacre had a spooky effect and prompted kingdoms and cities under the control of the empire of Montesuma to surrender to Cortes' orders.   Montesuma and the Mexicans sighed after hearing about the power of the Espanians.  The leaders of the Tlakscala are offering food such as turkey, eggs, and quality white tortilla bread to the Espanians as a sign of peace.  Montesuma sent nobles, magicians, and prophets to meet Cortes. When *** the most beautiful thing in the world *** Cortes and his troops arrived in Tenochtitlan in November 1519, they were shocked. This place was a dream city. On November 8, 1519, the Espanyans marched along the bank road leading to the city. The towers, temples, and canoes were packed with Espanyanese troops and crowds trying to see their horses.  The two leaders met at the entrance of Tenochtitlan. Montesuma was sitting in a kiln covered with high-quality cotton covers, and his shoulders were decorated with decorations symbolizing the emperor. He got up from the kiln and hung a necklace made of gold and precious jewelry around Cortes' neck. In return, Cortes also hung a necklace made of pearls and Segongari around Montesuma's neck, but when he tried to hug Montesuma, the two monarchs stopped him.  The Astecs guided the Spaniards to the center of the city, and Montesuma provided more gifts and then arranged rooms in the building for accommodation. The Astecs were aware of the massacre in Cholula and believed that the Espanyans were irrational and unpredictably cruel. Tenochtidlan provided a resting place for the monster. Astec's records convey the atmosphere of Tenochtitlan's people as follows. "It felt like everyone ate clown mushrooms..." People seemed to have witnessed something astonishing. Fear dominated everyone, and the end of the world was engulfed in an atmosphere that seemed to be coming. People fell into a state of lethargy with fear."    When Montesuma met Cortes, Malice was an interpreter for the Espaniles.  Espanyan soldiers dragged Montesuma with their hands. They patted Montesuma with their hands and expressed their friendship with him.  When they all entered the palace, the Espanians detained Montesuma. *** Tenochtitlan's massacre in July 1520 *** "If there are Spaniards in heaven, I don't want to go there" - The last horse left by Hathai, a Cuban Indian chief, before being tied to a stake and burned - While Cortes was on his way to fight Narvaez (Kuban Velazquez's father, Van Pillo de Narvaes suspected of rebellion)Alvarado detained two high-ranking leaders and murdered several others.  # The above record shows what happens when a knife made of steel and a spear are hit on the body without armor.   "They attacked all the festival participants. Those who were cut by knives and stabbed by windows from behind collapsed with their intestines coming out of their bodies. There were people whose heads were blown away. When they hit people's shoulders, their arms fell off their bodies. It was normal to hurt your thighs or calves. Those who were stabbed in the stomach died spilling their intestines on the ground. Some tried to run away by dragging their protruding intestines, but tripped over their intestines." Tensions eventually exploded when Alvarado ordered the slaughter at the Spring Festival in Uichilopochtli. Between June 25 and 30, 1520, when Cortes returned, the situation reached its worst. The bank road was blocked, the bridge was cleared, and a trap was set up. Espanyans were not supplied with food, and the problem of lack of drinking water was also serious. Cortes tried to calm the people at the top of the roof by ordering Montesuma, but he had to bring the emperor back because of the baptism of stones and arrows.   Later, the Espanhas claimed that Montesuma eventually died of wounds, but whether injured or not, when he was taken back into the palace, Cortes must have realized that his "holy spokesperson" had lost all his authority and was no longer worth using the Espanians. The same was true of other nobles. When the fact that Montesuma and other great nobles were killed spread widely, the entire city was engulfed in anger. The Espanyans tried to run away without being caught, but were soon caught. Canoes flocked from all sides as the cry of a woman who found the Espanyan army rang. The Espanyan army tried to move forward, but it was in chaos and hundreds of people fell into the waterway.     At least 600 Espanya Concistadors died (or claimed to be more than 1,000), and most soldiers would have drowned because of the weight of the gold they had on their bodies. More than thousands of Tlaxcala also died. Cortes made a big detour to the north of the valley and retreated to the back of the mountain in the Tlakscala area.  The terrible fear of this night was never forgotten. The incident, in which most of the Espanya group was destroyed, is called "nochetriste."  The Spanish soldiers, who broke out in the war, set up a shelter above the walls of the palace.  And they shackled Montesuma. In December 1520, in the *** siege, Gubjurim, and smallpox *** Tlaxcala territory, Cortes soothed the anxious Indian allies and reorganized military power. He believed that the key to victory lies in controlling the lake, and soon began to build prefabricated ships. It was also at this time that Cortes began sending long letters to King Espanya that described his journey to Tenochtitlan, Mexico. Meanwhile, Astech thought the Spaniards had left for another place in search of wealth. The Astecs crowned the new emperor, Quautemok, meaning "a descending eagle."  Quautemok was in his mid-20s and was the son and experienced leader of Auchotl, Montesuma's uncle. The Astecs cleaned the temple yard and held the festival in a traditional way. However, at the end of July, people died of mysterious external diseases, and terrible symptoms such as "painful cough and burning high fever" appeared.  Infectious diseases such as the Black Death and smallpox soon spread along the banks of Tenochtitlan. The epidemic continued to spread for about 70 days around the end of November, killing a huge number of people.   At the end of December 1520, Cortes' army attacked Tenochtitlan.  The canoe following the Espanyan army was leading more than 8,000 native warriors. The initial goal of the siege was to obtain the surrender of cities around the lake.

It seemed clear that Tenochtitlan's order was over. Astec's leadership was divided, and Tral Tellulco's Chronicles say that the Mexicans were already fighting among themselves. However, even when only one city on the island was left, Astec did not surrender.    The Espanyans put a boat across the bank road to Toloko, where the wall stood. They fired cannons. The second shell collapsed the wall.    All the people jumped into the lake. Refugees' boats were full of babies and crayfish tools. . The Last Battle: Where do you go to the Astec Iliad, my friends? The smoke is rising and the fog is thick. Wailing, my friends! The water is colored with blood. Cry, oh! Wailing, the Astech Empire has disappeared. - The city-Cortes and his allies, who lamented the fall of Astec, landed troops in the southern part of the island and fought by overpowering streets, streets, houses, and houses one after another. Despite being armed with better weapons, the Espanyans suffered greatly from ambush attacks. Finally, the original city of Tenochtitlan, the southern part of the island, was captured by the Spanish army. An estimated 300,000 defensive forces concentrated personnel in the northern part of the island and resisted for more than 80 days. When the ominous signs of prophecy confirmed that defeat was inevitable, the Astech leaders discussed how to surrender and "what to offer in return for surrender." Coutemok was delivered in front of Cortes. "Cortes stared at him for a while and stroked Cuatemok's head." For Alba Iktoly, one of the descendants of the king, who fought with Cortes as an ally, the act was apparently intended to undermine the emperor's authority.  Cortes now wanted to be treated with respect by Quautemok because he thought he was an emperor. Coutemok asked Cortes to kill him. "You have already destroyed my city and slaughtered my people." On the day of surrender, the Espanians looted the city while the natives of the alliance ran like crazy and resolved their resentment against their former adversaries. Most of the residents of Astec left the island in a canoe in the middle of the night, and the two sides suffered a lot of casualties at the end of the violent battle, "I used to run away and collide with each other."  The nobles gathered to discuss the issue of appointing the new Mexican leader, Quautemok, as king.     The prisoners were later sacrificed in various temples. It's not true that we came to live in this land, it's not true.    We just came to sleep and dream. - The Poetry of Ancient Astech.