comparison of arms production capabilities between Japan and the United States during the Pacific War

 It is an excerpt from Chapter 8 Individualism of Carnage and Culture, a domestic translation of "Murder and Civilization" written by Victor Davis Hanson.   At Midway in June 1942, the Japanese Navy was technically equivalent or perhaps superior to the U.S. military, but such a balance did not last long as the U.S. government, private enterprises, and citizens were mobilized on a large scale in preparation for war. In fact, only a year and a half after the Pearl Harbor raid, the Japanese army lagged behind the U.S. forces not only in number, but also in key areas such as aircraft design, warships, tanks, radars, nuclear research, medical, food supply and demand, base construction, and mass production. Until 1944, Japan's Air Force, Army, and Navy used the same equipment as the beginning of the war, while the U.S. military produced unimaginably advanced planes, ships, and vehicles in 1941. In the late 1941, the United States had not yet fully escaped from its stance of neglecting military preparation for 20 years, and had not overcome slow economic growth and high unemployment. On the other hand, Japan allocated most of its small national production to armaments for almost a decade and had gained abundant direct experience in the war with China. This allowed Japan to mobilize more planes and ships in Midway -- perhaps the first and last of its kind during the war -- in terms of quality and quantity than the United States. Throughout the entire process of World War II, Japan was able to manufacture only seven aircraft carriers, but the United States commissioned a total of 100 aircraft carriers, including fleet, small, and escort, until the end of the war. In addition, the United States built or repaired 24 warships -- almost all of them lost at Pearl Harbor -- and built numerous heavy cruisers, light cruisers, destroyers, submarines, and supply ships. During the four-year war, the United States built 16 times larger warships than Japan. What's even worse for Japan is that the highest monthly production of a variety of aircraft required by the Navy and the Army has rarely exceeded 1,000 units. In the summer of 1945, production was even lower because the factory was dismantled due to the bombing of the United States and equipment and manpower were scarce. On the contrary, the United States developed the B-24, a high-end heavy bomber consisting of 100,000 parts, and produced one every 63 minutes. The number of American aircraft manufacturers was much higher than that of Japan, and each company boasted four times the productivity of Japan. By August 1945, less than four years after the war began, the United States had produced 300,000 aircraft and 87,620 battleships.       Even in mid-1944, the U.S. industry rebuilt the entire fleet every six months, loading the fleet with naval aircraft equivalent to the entire force participating in Midway. Since 1943, American ships and airplanes - 16 Essex aircraft carriers equipped with Helldiver dive bombers, Corsair and Helicopter fighters, and Avenger bombers - have been far ahead of the Japanese in quality and quantity. The modern Iowa-class battleships that appeared in the second half of the war were superior to any other Japanese navy ship in terms of speed, armament, range, and level of defense, and were far better than Yamato and Ignorance.       A few months after the Midway naval battle, the U.S. Navy and Air Force not only recovered all the losses they suffered on Midway, but the entire force was increasing exponentially. On the other hand, the Japanese navy is virtually outdated, and it is difficult to replace ships and airplanes destroyed by the U.S. attack, rather than building new weapons in factories that were bombed.

The Korean War marked a milestone in world history.

 After World War II, when a communist regime was finally established in China in 1949, the remaining goal of the world communist regime was the Republic of Korea. Stalin and Kim Il-sung, who have been engaged in the expansion of the communist colony empire, have fought all the battles to prevent the establishment and founding of the Korean government. They refused to acknowledge the existence of the Republic of Korea. Kim Il-sung already declared in April 1946 that North Korea was a "democratic base (=communist base)" and planned and promoted a revolution across the Korean Peninsula, saying that the role of the democratic base would realize "democraticization" in the entire Joseon Dynasty.   Kim Il-sung devoted himself to working as a revolutionary base for South Korea's communist revolution in North Korea, while South Korea's own revolutionary capabilities prevented the founding of the Republic of Korea and destroyed the inauguration of the government. Left-wing communist forces in South Korea declared the anti-government regime, the People's Republic of Korea, demanded the handover of the regime, and persistently insisted on the withdrawal of U.S. troops and carried it through. From the Daegu riots in October 1946 to the February 7th National Liberation Movement in February 1948, the anti-Korea and communist movements based on armed violence were continuously carried out.    The Korean War (June 25) was a war to stop the establishment of the Republic of Korea.        The representative struggle is the "April 3 Incident," which began on Jeju Island on April 3, 1948, when 1,500 armed mobs attacked 14 police branches in the province. Ahead of the May 10 election for the establishment of the government, the government has launched an all-out struggle to stop the establishment of the government. The slogan of the April 3 incident was "Long live the People's Republic of Korea" and "Long live the Stalin Daewongsu." In the meantime, he said, "Let's fight against the U.S. and save the country," and that he should oppose the election of the Republic of Korea and establish a government and punish Rhee Syng-man. The April 3 riots, organized and developed by the Namro Party under the direction of North Korean Deputy Prime Minister Park Heon-young, continued until the Korean War, were reported and supported by Kim Dal-sam, the military chief of the Jeju-do Party. Kim Dal-sam even went to the Haeju competition and shouted "Long live the Soviet Army and the genius leader Stalin Daewonsoo."      Likewise, the military rebellion in Yeosu and Suncheon on October 19, 1948, after the founding of the Republic of Korea, was another struggle to destroy the Republic of Korea. They insisted on "the crushing of the Republic of Korea," "Long live the People's Republic," and "withdrawal of U.S. troops," a rebellion and riot by 2,500 left-wing communists in the military unit.  They hoisted North Korean flags everywhere, and all the citizens were shouting slogans such as "The People's Army has already crossed the 38th parallel and is advancing southward."    In that respect, the Korean War (June 25) is clearly on the continuous line of the October 1 Daegu riots, the February 7 national salvation struggle, the April 3 riots, and the October 19 Revolt. The only goal was to prevent the establishment of the Republic of Korea and incorporate the Republic of Korea into the People's Republic led by Stalin and Kim Il-sung.  The Korean War was nothing but to achieve the collapse and communism of the Republic of Korea through an all-out war supported by the Soviet Union and China, which cannot be achieved through riots and guerrilla partisan struggles.    In particular, Kim Il-sung met with Stalin and Mo Taek-dong to repeatedly convey that the partisan struggle alone cannot destroy the Republic of Korea, stressing the necessity of an all-out war.  The Soviet Union provided North Korea with weapons and ammunition necessary for further training of the three divisions. It will provide 140 T-34 tanks, including reconnaissance planes and fighter jets. In particular, the Soviet military adviser was led by the North Korean military in civilian clothes, including correspondents from Tars and Prouda, just before Invasion from North Korea. The Soviet Union's flight was carried out through a MiG fighter in the uniform of a Chinese pilot and marked by the North Korean People's Army. Therefore, on the one hand, the Korean War is a secret war for the spread of communism led by Stalin.    For the war on the Korean Peninsula, China gathered 42,000 Koreans who were administered to the Chinese Liberation War, converted them into weapons provided by the Soviet Union, armed them, and assigned them to Kim Il-sung. Filled with war and revolutionary enthusiasm, they became the 5th, 6th, and 12th divisions of the Korean People's Army, and some of them were assigned to the 4th Division to become the leaders of the occupation of Seoul. Not only the North Korean army but also the Korean army from China could not have any other goal but to advance toward the next revolution. China's Communist Revolution and the Communist Revolution on the Korean Peninsula were a continuum. In preparation for the U.S. participation in the war, China organized 180,000 Northeast Frontiers, including the 38th, 39th, and 40th armies of the 13th Northeast Field Army, and put them on standby in the northern part of the Yalu River.      Therefore, even though the Korean War is an all-out war of communism to crush the Republic of Korea and complete communism on the Korean Peninsula, the forces of civil war or national liberation against the United States have been fostered and spread in our society.   Other than communist supported by the Soviet Union and North Korea, no workers and farmers participated systematically or classically, but they tried to drive it into a class struggle, and to make it a war between revolutionary and counter-revolutionary forces even though there were no revolutionary reforms. Moreover, the essence of the war is only the collaboration of Stalin and his loyal source Kim Il-sung, who want to expand the satellite state or communist colony by communizing the entire Korean Peninsula.   Nevertheless, scholars concluded that the Korean War was an expanded revolutionary war and an internal war with class struggle characteristics in suppressing people's demands for a social revolution. The conclusions of the scholars they believed in were as follows.   "The nature of the fight was internal and revolutionary, and it began shortly after 1945 and proceeded under the logic of revolution and reaction. The beginning of the traditional battle in June 1950 was nothing more than a different way (B. Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, 1981), but there is no evidence that the Korean War (June 25) was a struggle between revolutionary and reactionary forces. If there is, it is only in the will of those who have the purpose to conclude so. The Korean War was an aggressive war for communism in collusion with the world's communists, and was just an all-out war by Kim Il-sung to stop and collapse the nation's founding.   The Korean War made the world realize the essence of communism.   Nevertheless, it is surprising that the Korean War is a revolutionary war or civil war, and the forces that defended the Republic of Korea are counter-revolutionary, or the United States and 16 allies who shed blood together to prevent the collapse of the Republic of Korea.   Only after overcoming the war of communism and aggression by the world's communist forces through the Korean War could Korea lay the groundwork for a stable existence. Therefore, the Korean War was a war of total aggression by communism to prevent the establishment of the Republic of Korea, and on the other hand, a war of defense of the world's historical liberal democracy system that must be firmly maintained.        The Korean War is a war that has no greater significance in human world history. It was only about 100 years after the rise of Marxist communism in 1848, when democracy and market forces began to contain and rollback. The Korean War was the third most brutal and brutal war in human world history.  The war, in which an average of 300,000 soldiers per year died, produced the third largest number of victims after World War II and World War I. In addition, the death toll reached about 1 million, making it the sixth major war in the history of human history.    With the Korean War, the free and democratic world clearly saw the essence of communism, which was not known in the process of Stalin's expansion of communist colonies and Mao's occupation of China. From that time on, containment and rollback against communism, a system of evil, began at the global level. And the final result was China's reform and opening up in 1978, Vietnam's Doimoi after 1986, and East Germany, Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union after 1990. However, Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il's North Korea are still resisting the path of universal freedom, democracy, and prosperity. This is not because of the people or the people, but because of the purpose of protecting the dictatorship. As a result, half of the Korean Peninsula has become the world's worst problematic country, and it has created the most anti-national system in 5,000 years of national history.    Meanwhile, the Republic of Korea, which survived the Korean War, has since completed the success model of the world's universal system of prosperity based on democracy and market economy. The words "miracle" and "dragon" paid off the debt to the world that protected this country and its system and created a model for other developing countries to go. This is the essence of the Korean War (June 25) more than 50 years ago, as evidenced by the history of the past 50 years.

Japan and Germany...the fundamental difference

 Germany, which invaded France during World War II, agreed to "co-write" a history textbook objectively describing its atrocities and reflections with France, clearly demonstrating why Japan is treated differently from Germany in the international community.      France's Le Monde reported on the 10th (local time) that French Minister of Education Francois Piyong and German Chancellor Peter Mueller, who heads the French-German Cooperation Committee, agreed to create a history textbook jointly compiled by the two countries.      The first book of history to be co-written will cover modern and contemporary European history after World War II when the German Nazi invasion of France occurred.      Le Monde highly evaluated the meaning, saying, "This joint history textbook can be an integrated model of history textbooks in all European countries that share history in the future."      According to the textbook composition released by Ernst Klett of Stuttgart, Germany, and Nathan of Paris, France, selected from competitive bidding, the first of the three books to cover modern and contemporary European history consists of five chapters.      Chapter 1 is about World War II and 1945-1949, Chapter 2 is about Europe between the United States and the former Soviet Union from 1949-1989, and Chapter 3 is about Europe in the world from 1989 to the present. Chapter 4 deals with the history of technological, economic, social, and cultural changes that took place after 1945, while Chapter 5 focuses on France and Germany after 1945, which are still the subject of discussion.      The first volume of the joint history textbook will be used by high school seniors from 2006 to 2007.      The other two books cover ancient, medieval, and Renaissance Europe and World War II, and are planned to be used by first and second graders in high school in the future.      If a joint German-French history textbook is published, it is expected to be a good contrast to the textbook of Japan's far-right "Sae Yeok Mo," which is consistent with history distortion and rationalization of invasion. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Conscientious Japanese intellectuals have revealed that Japan's far-right group, "New History Textbook Making Society," has been lobbying the Education Commission and others, even violating Japanese Ministry regulations to spread the adoption of Fusosha textbooks.      However, despite such violations of regulations, the Ministry of Education criticized conscientious objectors and Japanese far-right media, including the Sankei Shimbun, criticized them as "traitors," and the trend of the Japanese government and far-right over Fusosha textbooks is unusual. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Both countries committed systematic and collective genocide and human rights abuses against the governed in World War II (as did the victors, of course...), but their postwar moves were at opposite ends. One country is reflecting and apologizing so thoroughly that its own neo-Nachis are called "self-assertion," but the other country is only repeating, "What did I do wrong?" So far, when it comes to historical issues about Japan, there have been about two common arguments among those who advocate it. 1. It's the fault of the weak one. 2. I didn't see the right one among the people who blamed me for the past. However, for France, which suffered from powerlessness, Germany is reflecting on what has happened, and it seems that it will continue. Japan's official position on the issue of past history is "We have already officially apologized at the time of the Korea-Japan agreement."What do you want me to apologize for?"But I don't think there's any remorse or apology for Japan's actions right now. Apology and reflection are only possible when you have the ability to do so.Germany's terrible self-reflection eventually makes an external promise not to repeat it again by revealing its own mistakes based on internal consensus. I don't think Japan will be able to show Germany for a long time to come.Japan that doesn't know how to self-reflect...No, when I see Japan, which is not capable of reflecting on itself, I get angry at their arrogance, but I think it shows their limitations. Speaking of the Nanking genocide, people who love Japan say, "300,000 is fiction.How can you kill all those people?"Of course, 300,000 or 30,000 people could have died.The important thing is that we systematically and collectively slaughtered civilians who were not directly related to the battle, even though they were in wartime, and there was no remorse or apology.I think the exact expression is that they don't know what they did wrong. I think having a neighbor who doesn't know how to reflect is one of the many misfortunes of Korea.In this situation, one side is saying that there is no history, so as anyone said, it seems that something is going wrong.

"Hitler is a Good Person" Episode 5 of the Nazi Party's New Leap Forward>

 For Adolf Hitler, Article 48 of the Constitutional Special Order, one of the actions of the Social Democratic regime and the President of Hintenburg, was the power to virtually suspend Hitler's hard-won parliamentary decision-making capacity. Hitler had many successes, but he had lost his ability to manipulate politics at will. The real power lies with the bourgeois citizenship and the former aristocracy who put forward the President of Hintenburg, and Hitler realizes that he must be seen well by the so-called "social leadership" before legalization against the people. Hitler began to play the duke in many directions at once. As soon as Hitler took the oath of legalization in Leipzig and obtained the participation of the fascist border guards, Hitler immediately ordered the entire charge force to stop fighting and temporarily suspended the charge of illegally preparing weapons. From a diplomatic point of view, I have begun to abandon the traditional hateful angry message. In response to the Catholic protests, he sent a plenipotentiary to emphasize intimacy with the church, and in an interview with the Daily Express, he argued that concessions from Britain and France would bring peace to Germany, and stopped slandering Jews altogether. The Red Army is also ready to run for Germany.Despite the declaration, > claimed to act as a defense wall against world Bolshevism, saying that the National Socialist Party was in charge of defending Germany and Europe, leaving the cruel slogan clean. All the media at that time were referring to the first gentlemanly and thoughtful politician in the country, completely different from the hateful Hitler and the paranoid Hitler. Hitler, who tried to change his image, began to pay considerable attention to fashion and appearance, and wore a brown party uniform like a military uniform, worn out, and old-fashioned suit, armed with clean suits and clean faces, and Berlin accommodation was transferred to the luxury hotel Kaiyoung and civic. Needless to say, this image transformation was aimed at solidarity with the "citizen bourgeoisie" who was a de facto supporter of the government. Already in the party, Herman Goering, who later became the Commander-in-Chief of the German Air Force, and Walter Funk, a reporter for the economic newspaper, connected aristocrats and entrepreneurs, and held a banquet at the Kaiserhoff Hotel. Of course, Hitler also made an internal effort to change his tendencies, and now he disliked being exposed to the party's surface by economic theorist Gottfried Federer (a critic of world capital), forcing party socialists Gottfried Federer and Gregor Strauss to withdraw their proposed confiscation of property. It was against the party platform, but for Hitler, socialist colors must be abandoned in order to improve the relationship between entrepreneurs and the nobles of the land. Hitler's maneuvering of the civic class was successful in its own way. Among the civic classes, he was no longer called "Hitler" by the friendly name "Adolph," took the lead again at the banquet, and became a man worthy of dealing with the civic class with skillful speech and wonderful manners. According to General von Grenner's essay, which describes Hitler at that time. "Hitler's intentions and purposes are good. He's just an enthusiastic, fiery, versatile person. This change in Hitler's image was enough to make Alfred Hogenberg, the head of the Deutsche National Party, think "Hitler is really legitimate," who had been humiliated by the Nazi party in the past. Or this "good" image of Hitler, did Hogenberg think he could put Hitler back under his control? In any case, Hitler's hard work paid off, and finally, he had a reunion with right-wing leader Hügenberg in early July 31, so he met with Zeldte, the leader of the Veterans Association Iron Modan, a veterans' armed group, and met with various generals of the Defense Forces. At all these meetings, Hitler displayed a much more sincere, law-abiding, trustworthy, competent, and stable politician, and the evaluation of the civic right leaders who met him was that Hitler was tied to legalization in two or three ways. Anyway, Hitler, who passed the examination of the right, finally meets President Hintenburg, the representative of the old generation. However, the meeting ended in failure, and it is rumored that President Hintenburg has become increasingly disappointed with the "Bohemian Boss" because of his narcissism and his party's utopia, saying to refrain from violence and cooperate with the government's policies. Here, we saw Hitler transform into a citizen as if he were really transformed. And the bourgeoisie of the citizens of that time thought Hitler had become really good. However, Hitler lived with consistent thoughts all his life, and the hasty judgment of the civil right came to another head. It appears a few days later in the Hatsburg Union, a major right-wing rally.

The Korean flag was made under the direction of Emperor Gojong.

 Until now, it has been widely believed that the Taegeukgi, the national flag of Korea, was created and designed by Park Young-hyo. With King Gojong's permission in 1882, Park Young-hyo was on his way to Japan as a receiver and deliberated with his companion on the Meijimaru. However, the origin of the Korean flag turned out to be misinformed. This is because it was newly revealed as King Gojong's subjective and original work, not led by Park Young-hyo. Founded in March 1882 and closed in 1936, the daily newspaper Shinsa Shinbo, published in Tokyo, Japan, reported at a press conference that King Gojong designed and even colored the flag in response to pressure from the Qing Dynasty to copy his country's flag. Park Young-hyo's article vividly conveys the fact that he only painted the works envisioned by King Gojong on his way to Japan under King Gojong's direction, so it seems necessary to correct the history of the Taegeukgi. This fact was revealed by Song Myung-ho, the Seoul Metropolitan Government's general affairs department, who obtained the first edition of the newspaper from the Tokyo Metropolitan Library and released the picture of the flag through the daily newspaper (Dong-A, Hankook Ilbo). Song focused on the discovery of the Taegeukgi and overlooked the historical fact that the Taegeukgi was actually King Gojong's work, so he wrote related materials and provided them to news people before distributing them to major libraries and academic research institutes for free. The article on the current affairs report, which he provided, praised Park Young-hyo's visit to Japan as a Joseon retainer through the Jobbo column and revealed the financial background of the flag along with a picture of the Taegeukgi with the caption "Chosun flag." The translation of the contents is as follows. Until now, there was nothing to call a national flag in Joseon, so Ma Geon-chung of China (indicated as Gina in the original text and referred to the Qing Dynasty) led 4,500 soldiers to the hand of the warship in 1882, and sent Daewongun to Tianjin. The first article in the newspaper said, "The king (Kojong) was angry and said that he would never imitate the Chinese flag, and ordered the Joseon flag to draw Taegeukwon (two vortex shapes) in blue and red on the four corners of the flag." Kim Ok-kyun and Seo Kwang-beom, who were reformist intellectuals at the time, were also accompanied by Park Young-hyo, the newspaper said. In a related article, King Gojong is angry at the coercion of Ma Geon-chung of the Qing Dynasty and directly mentions the originality, the explanation of designs and figures, and even the method of drawing them. This means that they firmly rejected foreign powers in the process of making national flags. Song explained that the Qing Dynasty was deeply involved in domestic affairs, and Japan, which signed the Jemulpo Treaty using the Imogunran, forced its troops to stay in Seoul and laid the groundwork for aggression.   He, who is also a Taegeukgi researcher, said, "Before the related article was found, there were many speculations about the origin of the Taegeukgi, such as drawing the main character's Taegeukdo, but now these doubts can be resolved." "Our country's first national flag appeared on September 25, 1882. Because there is a record that Park Young-hyo and his party arrived in Kobe that day and raised the national flag on the roof of their accommodation, Nishimuraya. Three days later, the group arrived in Tokyo, and a reporter from the Sisa Shinbo covered it and reported it in the October 2nd issue," he said, "Our national flag has become what it is today through five changes." The first was completed by Park Young-hyo according to King Gojong's instructions, as reported by the Sisa Shinbo. The second flag was given by King Gojong in 1885 to Denny, an American in charge of foreign affairs, and is now on display at the Independence Hall. The third is the Independent Newspaper No. in 1896, and the fourth is the Taegeukgi used at the Paris Fair in 1900. What is currently in use is the formation and enactment of a 42-member flag-making committee by the government in 1949. Until now, the most detailed mention of the origin of the Taegeukgi was "Korean History" published by the Diagnostic Society in 1961, which has been regarded by experts as a golden rule.   The discussion of the national flag issue in Korea began in 1876 when the Treaty on the Protection of the Sick was signed in Ganghwa Island. From then on, I felt the need for a national flag, and when China noticed it, it mediated on the courage of China through Hwang Jun-heon and interfered to use it nationwide. After that, Korea and China appointed members of the two countries following the enactment of the national flag, and our committee was Lee Eung-joon and China's committee was Ma Geon-chung. However, amid the sluggish establishment of the national flag, Park Young-hyo and his party visited Japan and were attacked by Emperor Gojong before departure. After deliberating with the designs of the eight Taegeuk symbols on board the Japanese steamer Meijimaru, the British Consulate Aston, and Captain James, the four Taegeuk symbols were finally decided and produced as national flags. It should be said that the decision followed Emperor Gojong's instructions before departing for Japan. It is speculated that King Gojong also ordered "Korean History," but the fact that King Gojong specifically explained and designated the shape and color of the Taegeuk pattern, four Chinese zodiac signs, and even the background color was too much. Han Young-woo, a professor of Korean history at Seoul National University, said, "I've never heard of it," adding, "It is considered a valuable source of historical research such as the background of the establishment of the Taegeukgi for the first time." Kim Kwang-nam, a researcher at the National History Compilation Committee, also expressed his surprise at the fact and said, "It is a groundbreaking discovery to rewrite the history of the Korean flag." Song, who discovered the first Taegeukgi, said, "I'm ashamed that the first Taegeukgi paintings and materials were not found in Korea and found in Japan, but I'm glad that the history of Taegeukgi can be reorganized based on the data I made." He added, "Three pieces of the first Taegeukgi completed by Park Young-hyo were originally produced as King Gojong ordered, but it is regrettable that it disappeared during the turbulent years such as the fall of the dynasty."

I wondered if Lee Kyu-bo would become a materialist in Chinese classification.

 There was a story about Lee Gyu-bo in the Chinese Encyclopedia. I wondered why Lee Gyu-bo became a materialist, but I remembered an article about Siru that I had read before. So it's annoying to move it, so I got it from Minchu. In Dumokjeon Hall, he said, "When Siru, who was cooking rice, broke up at the time of his death, the boss said, 'It's not auspicious.' I argue as follows. This is a small trick to do a son-in-law, so it is only the words of a shaman or fortune-teller. It is not appropriate for Sunyu to say that the boss said, "It is not auspicious." The envoy Songgong (referring to Song Gi, the king of history) should take this out of the boss's war, but it is rather recorded, so the writing is also miscellaneous. In the Book of Seogyeong, it was said, "The hen crying at dawn is the end of her family's fortune." The hen at the bottom is not originally responsible for announcing the dawn. Therefore, if a hen cries at dawn, what could be greater than this in the house? This is worse than the desire for a pheasant to cry in the pot and a mouse to dance at a short gate. Therefore, when the saint (referring to Confucius the saint) calculated the Seogyeong, this word was left intact. It is not necessarily strange to say that the steamer is broken, or that it is because the fire is too hot, or because the water is dry. The head's death was just around this time, so it could not be a good sign. When I tried it, I didn't think it was strange that Shiru, who was cooking rice at my house in September, broke up in February this year, and a little later, it was broken as if he had woken up, and the lady who was cooking ran over to me in amazement. But I smiled and remained calm, and just then a drunk came and said, "This is a sign that it will be against the Lord, so if you don't pray, you won't escape disaster." He tried to do what he said quickly, but he stopped me from doing it, saying, "Sasaeng has a name." "If it is time to die, that strange thing has shown signs first, so what is the use of the poor, and if it is not time to die, what does it have to do with me to be broken?" but I am not dead, and I am still alive. And the boss died when he saw that Shiru had been broken once because he was a free man, and I was a man of some virtue, so he died even if Shiru had been broken twice. It is clear that this cannot be a sign. I am afraid that my descendants will be tempted by these words, so I write them down and enlighten them. Excerpts from a foreign country restaurant.

The Foundation of European History and Culture - Our Misunderstanding of Christianity

 --- There is a part where Roman Catholicism is divided into Eastern and Western churches ---. Let me express my view on this part.     Originally, Christianity began largely as Christianity and non-Christian Christianity in the Roman sphere. The Christian religion that we accepted was born under the influence of Western Europe, the United States, and Russia, so I don't think it's the only Christian origin. Jesus was born in what is now Palestine and Israel, a Roman province, but his followers did not only go to Rome, but also to other neighboring countries. Of course, he continued to preach in the area where his followers moved and formed a certain amount of power. However, most of them are not well known now. However, it is now distributed in a small number in Central Asia, including Central Asia, Africa, and Iran. And Christians in Rome are not the only ones who have representation. That's why Catholicism was not divided into Eastern and Western Roman churches, but it was originally a different parish. Old Christianity, called the Old Church, was not well known as Catholicism simply because Roman Catholicism was the original capital of Rome and the only parish not conquered by the Islamic forces. In addition, Rome is both a national name and a city name, so it is very confusing. The five most representative dioceses in Rome are Rome, Constantinople (Vizantium->Constantinopol->Istanbul), Alexandria, Antihoc, and Jerusalem. Except for Rome, all other parish centers are conquered by Islamic forces. That's why Catholicism, the religious name of the Roman parish, pretends to have legitimacy. Rome was divided into East and West Rome, and certainly the five great dioceses developed into different Krst factions. However, while the West was unified into Roman Catholicism, the East was strong in Constantinople (because it was the capital of East Rome), which was called the Orthodox Church, but it also recognized to some extent the power of the other three dioceseses.      While the Eastern Roman Empire enjoyed its heyday, such as occupying Rome, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, it gradually weakened and lost Jerusalem, Antihawk, and Alexandria due to the invasion of Islamic forces. At this time, Christian forces in this area maintain their own existence or migrate to other nearby areas, merging or affecting the existing non-Roman Christian religion. As far as we know, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and the Neristrian School were formed or developed around this period. Syrian Orthodox, Armenian and Georgian factions will also appear. The Eastern Roman Empire quickly expanded its territory into what is now Turkey and the Balkans. However, it lasts for a long time even though it is called the Byzantine Empire (the Roman Empire, for example, the Holy Roman Empire, because of the ill will of the West Roman Empire). Now the Balkans and the various Christian denominations in Turkey are the branches of the Constantinople Church. After that, the Byzantine Empire was occupied by the Ottoman Turks in Constantinople, the capital, and the old empire disappeared into history. The Ottoman Turks changed Constantinople to Istanbul and made it their new capital. This area has become a new center of Islam since then. However, the Ottoman Turks adopt a policy of recognizing some limited autonomy and maintenance without destroying Christianity. At this time, many leaders, such as descendants of the Byzantine Empire and scholars, fled to what is now Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Italy.   It is the basis for going to the region to establish a national system and establishing the concept of religion. It is also the basis of the famous Renaissance in Italy. It will be divided into Russian Orthodox Church, Greek Orthodox Church, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, and Serbian Orthodox Church. In common, the influence of the Eastern Roman Church is that there are many Orthodox churches. In these Orthodox countries, Christmas is not December 25th, which means that many religious interpretations differ from Catholicism and its branch, Protean. Most of them, including the Slavic lineage of the Balkans, are Orthodox, although Romania remains influenced by Roman Catholicism in these Balkans. Romania has a strong connection with Rome to the extent that it claims to be a descendant of Rome from the name of the country. Of course, it is in the form of Romanian orthodoxy, but it is very different from Slavic countries and Greece, which believe in many other religions. And Slavic Poland is Catholic. Then, most of the other Balkan areas were occupied by the Muslim forces of Ottoman Turks, and only Russia maintained the size and existence of the Orthodox Church. That's why the Russian Orthodox Church took the lead in the Orthodox Church. Some scholars recognize the legitimacy of the Eastern Roman Empire->Visantin Empire->Russia->Russia->In a sense, Russia is a spiritual enemy of the Eastern Roman Empire. That's why the Orthodox Church, especially the Russian Orthodox Church, hates Islam and is hostile. for he destroyed his own home, of course. And I don't get along very well with Catholicism.   Russia will also force the annexation of neighboring Slavic areas, including Ukraine, centered on Kiev, and other non-Catholic Christian countries, so Slavic and other ethnic Orthodox countries are largely hostile to Islam, but hate Russia according to ethnic nationalism. These examples are also evident in examples of Kafkaz Christian countries independent of the former Soviet Union, such as Georgia, Armenia, and Ukraine. What I would like to emphasize is that Christianity was not differentiated from Roman Catholicism. Of course, the division of Eastern and Western churches also started with diocese of different backgrounds. The American Protestant-Christianism, the Protestant Protestant Protestantism that is currently influencing our country, seems to have greatly distorted the fundamental understanding of Christianity and religion and the understanding of European countries. Therefore, knowing this background would help and benefit not only Western Europe, but also Eastern Europe, Russia, and the newly independent European countries. In other words, I hope it will help us form our own European perspective. There may also be some mistakes. However, I don't think it's too much to look at the big context from the overall perspective.