■ The birth of King Alexander Gwanggaeto Ho Tae in Northeast Asia 6. The birth of King Yeongrak Tae (1)

 'It's urgent,' an urgent voice broke the darkness. A soldier rushed toward the star. Haewooseong Fortress was holding a blood alliance ceremony in the Far East Daehyeol with young generals including Prince Damdeok. At the word "urgent news," not only Hae Woo-sung but also the prince and young generals looked at the soldier in unison. I guessed that an urgent situation was developing. "Do you mean that the state funeral has finally begun to move the military?" Hae Woo-sung asked calmly. "That's right. The army of Duso State began to move in large numbers." In response to the soldier's answer, the young generals looked at Haewooseong with surprising expressions. I wasn't surprised to hear that Du So moved the troops. This was because Hae Woo-sung predicted in advance that Du-so would cause a political change. Hae Woo-sung had already figured out when Du-so was moving the military and ordered young generals to prepare for it. "The route of movement of the soldiers?" "One unit seems to be coming this way, and the other unit seems to be going in the direction of the palace." "Duso tried to rebel?" Busabi asked the truth to confirm the situation clearly. 'That's what I'm supposed to think.' 'What, you're plotting a rebellion? This guy's crazy to die." It was the angry sound of Moduru. "Duso..." "I think he's in his place." "Good work." "No, I just did my duty..." Hae Woo-sung looked at the crown prince after more liaison. The prince showed a look of trust with an expression that nothing happened. It meant that I would delegate everything, so I should take care of it myself. "Young Longevity Symbols! Everybody listen to me. Today, we gathered with a great ambition to build Goguryeo, the Holy Kingdom that inherited Dangun Joseon, as a great empire, and honored the crown prince as our leader and formed a blood alliance. But, as you can see roughly, there is a major obstacle in our path to prospering Goguryeo as the world's most powerful nation. The nation's capital is on the verge of a flash. Duso finally tried to rebel." "We must punish Duso, the traitor who caused the rebellion," Moduru expressed hostility and shouted in a voice of resentment. "We must overcome this obstacle wisely. We must establish a solid foundation for the construction of the Goguryeo Kingdom, our wish. We must not allow a blood feud to take place. You have to keep this in mind." "That's right." When Chun Yu-chi actively agreed with Hae Woo-sung's words, everyone expressed sympathy. "Now! Then, let's get out of here and crush the capes of Dooso in their respective positions and fight back." "Let's go." Their answer was unwavering. It was also the reason for predicting the situation, but rather, they were all hero girls so that they were not embarrassed by such things like this. They vowed to take advantage of the crisis as an opportunity to solidify the foundation for the establishment of a brilliant Goguryeo empire. As they tried to release the Far East blood with quick movements, Ogolseung said to the prince. "Someone asks me to see the Crown Prince." In the urgency of the situation, the young generals looked at the Prince. "Bring him in," said the prince in a calm tone, and a soldier stepped up in front of the prince and greeted him. I was panting for how urgent I had run. The soldier was alive, and his movements were quite quick. "Why did you ask me to see you?" "I'm Suhaion of the Great Changhyup, and I came running at your command." "Du Xiao...." "Du Xiao's treason plot led me to report it to the Crown Prince..." "Yes..." "One of the two armies is coming here to the Far East and the other." I will not forget the loyalty of the great man for the safety of the country and the peace of the people, so let me convey my will to Prince Janghyup." Even Janghyup joined Prince Damdeok's side, so military capabilities tilted further toward young generals. It was good that Janghyup came forward against the national situation. But the young generals felt something was wrong. However, I did not think that Janghyup was cheating in the current situation, so I did not discuss it further. First of all, it was urgent to punish the state. When Janghyup's men stepped down, the prince and young generals, along with their soldiers, immediately escaped from the Far East. The lights lit in the Far East Daehyeol only leaked faintly from a distance, but soon there was silence everywhere. "Slowly!" Dozens of memorization poured intensively toward the prince and Haewoosung, while dozens of black seals rushed toward the fishermen. They were the Black Sisters sent by Du So. "Tang! Jajang!" Young generals, including Moduru and Busabi, cut down the flying memorization with swords and cut down the black seal at the same time. They were agile movements that were difficult to do unless they were trained in martial arts. "What are they?" Black people have attacked again without answering. "You guys..." Moru's angry voice cracked the air. At the same time, the swords of the young generals danced. With a scream, the surroundings became quiet. It happened in a flash. "Your Highness the Crown Prince! Where did you get hurt?" "I'm fine. What about the others?' 'We're fine, too.' Everybody answered loudly. However, Hae Woo-sung's shoulder was covered with blood as if he had been hurt. A memorization that young generals had not yet stopped seemed to pass by his shoulder. Fortunately, it wasn't a big wound. "I didn't expect to send my own passengers here! Forgive me, Your Highness." As Hae Woo-sung knelt down, the other young generals shouted in unison. "No, get up, everyone." The prince raised Haewoosung and the young generals. "Duso, you punk..." Everyone couldn't hold back their anger. "This is not the time to delay. Let's get down there."-"Yes, sir. We need to get rid of the traitorous Doos." The vice president agreed with Hae Woo-sung's story. The young generals hurried down the mountain and looked at each other's faces. There was a determined light on their faces. It was a firm will to punish Dooso and establish the spirit of a young man. "Please punish the traitor Dooso." "Please." It was what Moduru and Chang Yeo-ji said to Busabi. It was the loyalty of Hae Woo-sung and other young generals to punish Du-so. Although he admitted his outstanding martial arts, it was because he understood the pain and resentment he suffered from Du So. Busabi looked them in the eye and nodded. I wanted to kill Dooso myself, but I sincerely accepted the hearts of my colleagues who gave way to him. His heart was filled with hostility toward Duso. The more determined he was to arrest Du So, the more urgent his mind became. After each other's eyes were exchanged, Prince Damdeok and young generals ran in each direction to perform their duties. There was no time to lose.  Even if Janghyup was on their side, the prince and young generals had no choice but to take charge of the basics of military capabilities to overpower Du So. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo

Africa after the Berlin Conference in 1878 and David Livingston

 David Livingston was an explorer who spread Christianity, commerce, and civilization in Africa. On March 14, 1841, a 28-year-old young man, Livingston, took his first steps in Cape Town, the end of South Africa. He, who advocated abolition of slavery, believed that he could pave the way to Africa, spread civilization, and eliminate slavery through African people and legal commerce. In 1844, he found the Jame River beyond the Kalahari Desert despite being bitten by a lion, and in 1856 he returned to England and published his travel records in a book in a modest style. In 1858, he and his wife led an expedition back to eastern Africa. Despite thorough preparations, however, the Livingston expedition wandered many times in the jungle, causing constant discord among its colleagues. In addition, his wife fell ill and died. The British government ordered an immediate return, but Livingston sent only the crew and went into the jungle alone. In 1866, Livingston was going north to find the source of the Nile. His health deteriorated badly after a long expedition. However, this time, the natives attacked him and lost all his food, supplies, and medicine, and even the people who followed him fled leaving Livingston behind. The fugitives falsely reported Livingston dead. Five years later, Stanley, a correspondent for the New York Herald, was wandering in the thick jungle of Uziji in Africa. When I heard a human moan somewhere in the jungle, an elderly man who was so skinny that I couldn't open my eyes with fever fell down. At that moment, Stanley remembered Livingston, who had died in the jungle many years ago, and asked carefully. "Isn't that Dr. Livingston?" the old man nodded. Livingston, who recovered from Stanley's thorough care, refused Stanley's request to return to his home country together and went on a trip again. Two years later, Livingston was found dead in Zambia. He was kneeling in a position that seemed to pray for something. Later, in 1878, the Berlin Conference of German Powers was held, and the African flag-raising competition started from Dambu... ...Livingston and Stanley, not Stanley, but Livingston, as a good expedition, was a tool of invasion by the European powers. After the 16th century, Africa was caught by Westerners, cooperated with black settlers, pulled tens of millions of slaves into the Americas... ...the famous mud city of Timbuktu was also a pile of soil. But when we got the information from Livingston and Stanley, we started to... ...and even before the 20th century, Africa had become a mess. But do you know where Westerners arrived last? Inland Africa and Joseon in the late 19th century. England, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Portugal take over a lot. The German ones are divided between England and France after World War I. Ethiopia and Liberia are the only two independent countries on the continent. Liberia was founded in the 19th century by American liberation slaves who returned to Africa. Carrot. The protectorate of the United States. Ethiopia was also invaded by Mussolini in Italy in 1935. But what's great about Ethiopia is that in 1896 when it's long divided into the low-life era, it defeats the invasion of Italy at the Battle of Addo. The Italians are really a disgrace to modern Europe, Mussolini retaliated. But at least they were defeated by the British in 1942. Conquering very briefly... ...all colonial independence except the Portuguese colonies on the occasion of the 1960 African Year. Portugal held out in Angola and Mozambique until 1975 and eventually lost. South Africa is independent after World War II but still white. So did neighboring Rhodesia, but eventually white people are defeated and turned into Zimbabwe. In the 1990s, a black regime emerged in South Africa.

The Influence of Mongol Invasion on Goryeo

 I think there are two big factors that characterize our ethnicity: the middle between China and Japan, which are small, and the small, smaller, nationality than China and Japan. This article is based on these two assumptions. Many people think of the Joseon Dynasty as dog-cracking, but I think it was because of the Mongol invasion that led our people, who had a sense of practicality during the Three Kingdoms Period and the Goryeo Dynasty, to go out to Joseon's doctrinal justification. Any country follows the theory of cilli when it is in development and finds justification when it is in defense. As you can see from the Acu blackouts, individuals and countries are despised by the outside world and threatened with survival, they internally defend themselves with their own victory. When it's expressed nationally, it becomes justification, and we actually lost, but we have a justification. I think it was the Mongol war that provided the foundation. Before the Mongol War in the Silla Dynasty, even during the Goryeo Dynasty, we were a country full of Noblesse Oblige. Korea was a country with strong obligations as much as the power of the aristocracy. The strong characteristic of Korean history is that the rule through the consensus system between nobles is the first hand. From Hwarangdo to Do Byeongmasa, Dopyeong, and Uijeongbu. It was a society where aristocrats held the king's power. And unlike China, which lost many countries to the outside world, it was a strong society where the nobility of Silla became nobles until the end of the Joseon Dynasty without losing the country since Hansa-gun. Until the mid-Goryeo period, this trend was more in line with Japan than with China. China had already entered the era of the four great masters by the Song Dynasty, and with various devices to strengthen the imperial power (I know that the function of Samsa was to check the royal power in Joseon, but the Song Dynasty was to strengthen the imperial power), I will investigate more. In order to strengthen the imperial power, the Song Dynasty weakened its power, which caused the Song Dynasty to weaken) During the Ming Dynasty, the three provinces, which were the consensual organizations of the Sinryos, were abolished. Sohae's idea is that without the Mongol invasion, we would have entered the shogunate system ahead of Japan. a strong aristocratic regime and the expansion of its underlying soldiers The process of atheizing a certain family of soldiers to become a samurai regime is similar to the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, but the decisive difference is that Goryeo tried to make soldiers into kings, and Japan tried to strengthen its imperial power by using mutual efforts. Like France was strengthened after the Hundred Years' War and Britain was constantly weakened after the Wars of the Roses and became a parliamentary democracy. Due to the unprecedented Mongol invasion, we lost our uniqueness and were forced to become international through Mongolia and the Chinese Yuan Dynasty, and the justification theory of Neo-Confucianism grew internally. Later, along with the Wihwado Hui army at the beginning of the Yeommal, a coalition of warlord nationalism represented by fluctuating political punishment gave power to Neo-Confucian internationalism and the founding of the new dynasty, Joseon. Not exactly a certain characteristic comes into play at some time. The tide of the times is slowly changing and I think that the invasion of the Soviet Union opens the way for the reversal between the justification and the cillon. During the Nadang War, diplomacy was carried out by opening the Tang army on one side and sending an apology to the emperor on the other side, taking away the six states of Gangdong, strengthening trade with Song, and acquiring peace and stability during the founding of the Geum Dynasty. It was only after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, but it had its effect from the early Joseon Dynasty. (Recall that the Sambulism theory of rationality had both justification and practicality, but the first was a small country that dared not hit the big country.)

Prohibition of Personnel Solicitation in the Joseon Dynasty

 In 1474, the 14th year of King Seongjong of the Joseon Dynasty, Song Young's wife, Shin, who was a general of the private court, was taken away by gunmen. Shin was guilty of violating the state-prohibited "bunkyong ban law." The Bungyeong Ban Act was a law that prevented a high-ranking official from visiting a house for personal matters, and he could be arrested if he was found to have entered the house of Kwon Mun-se. Song Young's wife, Shin, was arrested on charges of bonsai after it was discovered that she visited Hong Seok-bo's house, a high-ranking official of the private construction department where her husband works, and his relative's brother. Originally, Bungyeong was derived from the word Bunchu-gyeong-ri, which means "to compete for interests while busy." In "Gyeongguk Daejeon," it is recorded that "Bungyeongja is a person who tries to gain government office by visiting the house of an authoritative person. In other words, in modern words, it refers to a person who asks for personnel. In the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, there are more than 300 records of discussion on the crime of bonsai from the early to the mid-Joseon Period. As such, the bonsai crime was never a minor crime. The ban on bonsai was first enacted in 1399. It was eight years after King Taejo stepped down due to the First Prince's rebellion and King Jeongjong took the throne, and Joseon was founded. The main content of the Bungyeong Ban Act was to prohibit high-ranking officials from visiting them for personal matters, and the law stipulated that they must meet at the government office and resolve them when there are circumstances. If this was violated, the Ministry of Construction arrested all those involved and sent them away for exile, and did not give them government posts again. Although close relatives between the third and fourth cousins were allowed to enter, the house of the official in charge of the judgment of the trial was not allowed to enter except for visits or condolences. During the reign of King Taejong, practical measures were also prepared to monitor the basin. The house of the military officer was monitored by the three military ministries equivalent to the present-day Ministry of National Defense, and the house of the tattoo was monitored by the Ministry of Justice, an organization that corrects the customs of officials and investigates corruption. In addition, those who visited the main minister were arrested regardless of the high or low status or the reason, and if they were arrested for bonsai, they were required to take away the government posts and send them to exile on the spot without having to report separately. He was sentenced to up to 3,000 li in exile, the second most severe punishment after the death penalty at that time. Originally, the bonsai was supposed to be punished by exile, but Shin was sentenced to the 100th sentence of the gonjang because there was no precedent for the bonsai of the official's wife. When Shin was punished, her husband Song Young also stepped down from office because he was ashamed of causing trouble. There was no unfair personnel management, and the wife of the official visited the house of a high-ranking official, her husband's direct boss, and it expanded so much. During the Joseon Dynasty, there were many cases of punishment for violating the Bungyeong Ban Act. A total of 33 people were mentioned in the Annals, and most of them were dismissed from office, exiled, demoted, or reduced to a position. In addition, not only the parties who committed the bonsai crime, but also the officials of the bonsai department were punished for neglecting their duties if the bonsai department did not know that the bonsai incident occurred. And most importantly, sinners who tried to divide themselves were punished much more heavily than those who actually asked for personnel. This was to prevent fraudulent personnel solicitation itself by treating the bonsai sinners severely. During the Joseon Dynasty, even Won-sang's house, the senior minister of the state and the top real power, was unexpectedly cracked down on the bonsai people, indicating how much Joseon tried to prevent the bonsai. In the Joseon Dynasty, when it was a bureaucratic society, serving in the government office was the only career. However, the number of government posts was only about 500 in the case of liberal arts, while 50,000 people passed the liberal arts course in the past, so the trend of seeking government posts by soliciting powerful people was inevitable. Therefore, Joseon further expanded the ban on bonsai as if it were a war with forces who wanted to obtain government posts illegally. During the reign of King Jeongjong, when the Bungyeong Prohibition Act was first promulgated, the subject of the ban was limited to major contributors, but all practitioners who could perform personnel affairs through King Yejong and King Seongjong were subject to the ban. In addition, the ban on bonsai, which was used against ministers, was also imposed on the houses of the king's relatives after 1453 when King Danjong ascended the throne. As a result, Joseon had a law prohibiting personnel solicitation without sanctuary.

Lindbergh, the great hero of the first Atlantic flight in 1927

 Beyond the Atlantic Ocean, in the 1920s, airplanes were developing in full swing, but there was a limit. That's crossing the Atlantic Ocean! I had to struggle for a few days on a boat. Then one day in 1919, Raymond Orteig, a hotel businessman, bet $25,000 on a nonstop flight between New York and Paris. It's not a lot of money now, but it was a lot at the time. The first challenger was René Fonck, who shot down 75 enemy aircraft in the first battle (Ren Fonck). Taking off from Roosevelt Airfield near New York in September 1926, he died at the end of the runway with a crew member who accompanied him when the plane exploded without floating. Perhaps the weight of the plane was too heavy to rise because it was loaded with fuel for a long flight. In April 1927, Major Richard E. Byrd landed in New Jersey while flying across the Atlantic Ocean by mistake, and a crew member who accompanied him was hospitalized and Major Byrd broke his wrist. (Note, New Jersey is in the United States.) So in France, Charles Nungesser and Francois Coli took off from Paris in May 1927 and people waited for their arrival in New York, but no news came.Then one day, a young man named Lindbergh challenged me. People didn't pay much attention to him, who is not as well known as his competitor. His plane was Sprit of Saint Louis. On May 19, 1927, at 7:52, Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Airfield for a transatlantic crossing with 2,750 pounds of fuel and some food.The weather between Cape Cod and Nova Scotia, who first started flying, was clear. From Nova Scotia to Newfoundland, the sea was made of icebergs and he flew along the beach. In the evening, it began to darken, and the fog thickened, and it was surrounded by black clouds. Flying became easier only after the moon rose. He used instruments but often lost his course. I was even sleepy during the flight. In fact, his biggest enemy during the flight was sleepiness. I pinched it, drank water, rubbed my eyes, and the time barely passed. Twenty-three hours later, he saw the coastline over the horizon. I also saw a dolphin fishing boat. An hour later, he saw the dim coastline of Ireland, Ireland, and it was not until sunset that he started flying between London and Paris and finally saw the lanterns in Paris. He circled the Eiffel Tower and headed to Le Bourget Airport. The flight is over. He flew 3,600 miles in 33 hours and 31 minutes and had 85 gallons of fuel left.When the plane landed, thousands of people came in and pulled Lindbergh out of the cockpit and started lifting him up.The biggest reason he succeeded in crossing the Atlantic was the weight of the plane. The other pilots had a large plane and not just by themselves, but by a few people. But Lindbergh had a small plane, he went alone, and he didn't take a parachute to take a lot of fuel.After the successful crossing, American newspapers nicknamed him The Lone Eagle.

Stories of the Chinese Vietnam War

 The war between China and Vietnam took place on February 17, 1979 and ended on the 18th of next month. It's a bit of a war for a war. The first thing to understand is that China and Vietnam don't get along so well. In particular, Vietnam has long hated Chinese who come to China and Vietnam to withdraw money when they are bored. (That's what they're all about.) The spirit of the game? Please say Jokara. The most petty person in the world was the Chinese, and then the French.) On the other hand, China used to take Vietnam very seriously, and during the Vietnam War, the Chinese were still doing business. Anyway, when the Soviet Union, which had a bad relationship with China during the Vietnam War, backed Vietnam, China also backed Vietnam, saying it couldn't lose. (This small- and medium-sized antagonism makes North Korea engage in tug-of-war diplomacy.) From roughly the 1970s, North Korea has been going back and forth between China and the Soviet Union in a very subtle way. Then the Soviet Union dumps them and China treats them like dogs. Well, it's North Korea that's a shame, but it's clear that Vietnam would rather bite its tongue than choose a pro-Society, pro-Beijing one. In 1975, Vietnam's relations with China cooled down, and China defeated the powerful U.S., and Vietnam was caught in the eye, leading to an inevitable situation. For the Chinese, they thought that they would only be obedient if they stepped on them and showed themselves.And this is when Pol Pot's Cambodia starts to creep up on China and this gets on Vietnam's nerves.For Vietnam, Cambodia was not happy with China's support, and historically Cambodia and Vietnam were countries with their own feelings. On top of that, the overseas Chinese who were believed to still remain in Vietnam to do business and send money to China touched Vietnam's nerves. What happened soon is simple. The relationship between Vietnam and Cambodia has become strained, and Vietnam has finally managed Cambodia. And Vietnam puts pressure on the overseas Chinese of its own country. This leads to a war of nerves between Vietnam and China.Soon on the air, there was a flood of slander from the two countries and small armed conflicts began at the border.As we enter into 1979, soon both sides build up their troops on the border and finally on February 17, 1979, the Chinese invade Vietnam. The war was not announced publicly, but it became known that American satellites caught fighting on both sides of the border. Soon China will announce externally that this war is a punishment for Vietnam and not a war for territorial gain (remember this part). The real China has done an amazing job of defending this.) China mobilizes about 60,000 troops to push back the mountains of the border and advance towards small towns within 30 kilometers of the Vietnamese border. Vietnam has a plan to stop the Chinese army near the border. Because the border is mountainous, but if you leave the border, the plain spreads out soon, and the plain is straight to Hanoi, the capital. It was a headache for Vietnam to fight the Chinese army, which was numerically superior on the plains. When the Chinese attack, Vietnamese troops fight fiercely, and if they think they can't, they fall back and force the Chinese to sacrifice themselves.By the end of February, the Chinese army had lost about 2,000 troops and 40 armored vehicles, but only about 800 Vietnamese troops had been lost. For Vietnamese troops who have already fought with U.S. troops (100,000 soldiers combined with regular soldiers), they had no experience in fighting and would have been a strange opponent of the Chinese army, which was pushed by numbers unconditionally. In particular, the Vietnamese army overwhelmed the Chinese army in terms of mobility by operating a large number of captured U.S.-made vehicles and armored vehicles (M113). I mean, it was useful to hit and run. One interesting thing about this war is that the war was limited in combat, limited in manoeuvre, limited in operation, and the Vietnamese used Soviet-backed new anti-tank missiles to blow up about 10 Chinese armored vehicles. In the ground war, China was unexpectedly trying to adjust the speed of its advance and threatened only about 30 kilometers from the border. Vietnam also fought accordingly. Perhaps for this reason, China and Vietnam are very reluctant to engage in air force fighters. If you do something wrong, the whole country is likely to expand. So China mobilized less than 100 aircraft and Vietnam used 30 aircraft and only used limited ground support. Here... China's air power was nothing for Vietnam, which had already blocked the U.S. air power with its bare body. We've shot down about 15 cars. (Vietnam's losses are about five) The battle gets even more intense, and by March, China will be at the peak of pushing numbers. (At the time, about 200,000 troops were mobilized at the border alone.) Vietnam, meanwhile, kept bothering the Chinese army to fight and retreat. At this point, the Soviet Union will pick. If China continues to do so, they will send volunteer troops to Vietnam. Now it's China that's getting into trouble. It seemed quiet, but suddenly the Soviet Union broke up. In the end, China reached the 30km border Declare the troops and withdraw the troops since the punishment ended as they did well in the beginning of the war. The damage from the war is estimated to have been China's loss of 5,000 and Vietnam's loss of less than 4,000 (of course the official announcement is 10,000 units) The problem is that the casualties were also casualties, but China's face was badly damaged.There was criticism that the army proved backward again, that the commanders were old and unfit for modern warfare, and that the soldiers were educated and unprepared for combat. (In fact, one of the causes of this problem is China's Great Antipedic, Cultural Revolution. In short, Vietnamese soldiers used AK rifles (type 56 machine guns) that they supported as much as they could during the revolution, but they had about two units per squad. The rest were all semi-automatic SKS (56 type rifles). This is why China was not superior to the Vietnamese in the infantry battle, which was the mainstay of the mountain war. I add a correction. After this Chinese versus Vietnam War, the Chinese army is awakened. It is the military's modernization, and from this point on, Jjangkae's weapons show modernization. I'm going to copy and develop everything. There was a country like France that spread its crotch.)Vietnam has re-established itself in the region. But after the 1980s, things got worse and worse in the Soviet Union, but somehow I managed to survive. There's been a few minor clashes at the border between the two countries, but they haven't been expanded. Since Vietnam stepped out of Cambodia, the relationship between the two countries has not been so fierce so far. But obviously Vietnam still hates China and China doesn't treat Vietnam. P.S. Among the criticisms that came out of the Chinese army after the war, there was this criticism of commanding ability. High-level commanders led the battle, lying on the backs of young soldiers. p.s: The Chinese standard weapons at the time were the Type 56 Rifle (SKS) and Type 56 Machine Gun (AK), both imported from the Soviet Union and localized, and exported a lot. The Chinese think that most soldiers are armed with type 56 rifles, which are easy to handle, and that some soldiers use type 56 machine guns like supporting firearms. Approximately two or three machine guns per squad were included. The problem is that the Type 56 machine gun was rated more suitable for combat by a volunteer soldier (about 50,000 people) who went to Vietnam, which flew during the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution required the Chinese army to follow the spirit of the long journey and take a step forward, so the Chinese army quickly developed and tested a Type 63 rifle (improved SKS). However, the 63 rifles had an unusual ability, and eventually the Chinese decided to use the 56- rifles again. And in this state, they entered the Chinese versus Vietnam War. To the Vietnamese military, who thoroughly understood how important the firepower of automators was throughout the war. During the Vietnam War, American soldiers who carried the M16 were not the only ones wasting ammunition. The result is that the Chinese were bitter in battle, so the Type 56 rifles were only found in the weapons depot of the Chinese for the honor guard and the second-class troops. Of course, it's shown in the United States and in the African Civil War without money.

History and Human Rights Suppression in East Timor, East Indonesia

 East Timor, the official Portuguese language of the capital Dili, became a Portuguese colony in the 16th century with a national income of $530 (2003), and West Timor became a Dutch colony and became known as the Dutch East Indies. West Timor became part of the territory when Indonesia gained independence in the 1950s, but East Timor was ruled by Portugal until 1975. Although 90 percent of Indonesia's population is Muslim, East Timor is overwhelmingly Catholic due to Portuguese influence. East Timor was annexed by Indonesia in 1975 after the Portuguese army withdrew. Residents soon began their independence movement, but have been brutally suppressed by Indonesian troops over the past 25 years. More than 200,000 East Timorese are known to have died from starvation, disease, and combat since they were merged into Indonesia. A series of reports of human rights abuses drew global attention to East Timor. In 1996, Bishop Carlos Filippe Simenez Bello and José Ramos-Orta, who worked for East Timor, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to resolve the situation peacefully. Also, internationally well-known rebel leader Jose Alessandre Gusmau has been released from prison in Indonesia. B.J. Habibie, who became president after Suharto's long dictatorship in 1999, announced that he was willing to put East Timor's independence to a referendum. Then there was bloodshed between guerrillas who supported Indonesia's independence and militias who opposed the withdrawal of Indonesian troops. After two delays due to these disturbances, a referendum was held on August 20, 1999 under the supervision of the United Nations (UN) to determine whether East Timor would become independent. East Timor overwhelmingly supported independence, and when the results were announced, East Timor went into anarchy. After the referendum, Indonesian-backed militias began to kidnap or kill residents, forcing them to flee. According to a UN report, one-third of all residents have taken refuge. Rescue workers, UN agency workers and diplomats were also targeted by the militia, while the Australian consulate, UN agency offices, and even the Australian ambassador to Indonesia were attacked by the militia. President Habibier repeatedly vowed to restore order in East Timor and declared martial law, but did not mobilize Indonesian troops. On September 12, 1999, he said he would accept the dispatch of UN peacekeepers to East Timor. The UN force consisted of troops from Australia and other countries, and on 20 September 1999, an advance party arrived there. South Korea also dispatched peacekeeping forces, but received no resistance from militias or Indonesian troops. The gradual withdrawal of Indonesian troops began on October 20, 1999, breaking away from 25 years of Indonesian rule. Gusmao was elected as the first president in the April 2002 presidential election, making him the first independent nation in the 21st century.