About the 9th floor wooden pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple

 It is recorded in the Chaljubongi that the height of the nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple was 225 cheok (80.16m). This height is equivalent to the height of about 30 floors of an apartment these days. Chaljubongi is a record of the construction of the nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple, and was written on the four sides of Sarinaeham, which was in the hole of Simchoseok Sarira, a foundation stone in the center of the pagoda. According to this record, the height of the pagoda is "7 views above the iron plate, and three 30 steps below it."It says "Note 1". Iron Man refers to the support of an iron stand built on the nine-story roof of the pagoda. At this time, one beam is said to be 6 vessels and one ship is said to be about 35.63cm.   The nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple can be seen as the tallest wooden pagoda in the world. Eunghyeon Five-story Pagoda in Sanseo Province, China, built in 1056, about 400 years later than this pagoda, is known to be the tallest wooden pagoda in the world. The height of the tower is 67m, 13m lower than that of the nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple.   The nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple can be found in the nine-story pagoda carved on Buddha Rock in Namsan Mountain, Gyeongju. Buddha Rock is a large rock with a circumference of more than 30m. This rock is engraved with Rock-carved Stone Buddha carved during the Unified Silla Period, Rock-carved 9-story pagoda (presumed to be the nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple), Bicheon statue, monk, and lion statue.   The northern rock surface of Buddha Rock, which has the Rock-carved 9-story Pagoda in Namsan Mountain, Gyeongju, is about 10m high and about 6m wide, the highest among the four sides of this rock. Here, a nine-story pagoda and a seven-story pagoda are engraved on the left and right sides. Sakyamuni Buddha sits between the towers, and there are Cheongae and Bicheon statues above the head. At the bottom of the tower, one lion is guarding each. The two towers are completely equipped with the base end, the center body, and the upper floor. The width of the eaves and each floor decreases as you go up, and the nine-story roof ends in a triangle at a height of 3.7m. Each end of the eaves has a landscape, and there is an upper floor above the ninth floor.   It is said that North Korea also found a small model of a nine-story gilt-bronze pagoda presumed to be the nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple. This gilt-bronze pagoda was found in a pagoda built during the Goryeo Dynasty, and it is included in the History of Joseon Relics published in North Korea.Note 2) There are 64 pillars of the nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple, built on 64 foundation stones. Considering the size of the foundation stone, it is estimated that the diameter of the pillar was about 65cm. Queen Seondeok ordered Yongsu as a director and had Baekje's father, a carpenter with excellent skills, make this tower with 200 carpenters with ordinary skills, according to the record.Note 3) The nine floors of the tower refer to neighboring countries and neighboring countries. This is because it was built by accepting the suggestion of Jajang Beopsa, the chief Buddhist monk 4, that if the pagoda is built, the Buddha will act and surrender and pay tribute. According to the History of the Establishment of Dongdo written by An Hong, Japan on the 1st, China on the 2nd, May on the 3rd, Taka on the 4th, Eungyu on the 5th, Malgal on the 6th, Dankook on the 7th, Yeojeok on the 8th, and Yeogumaek on the 9th, or Goguryeo.   Silla unified the three kingdoms. In The History of the Three Kingdoms, Il-yeon wrote, "After the tower was built, heaven and earth were peaceful, and since Samhan was unified, how could it not be the spirit of the pagoda?"   It seems that various murals were also painted on the wall of this tower. If Solger was alive at that time, he would probably have led an old body like a god and poured as much sincerity as the Geumdang mural of Hwangnyongsa Temple into the wall of the pagoda.   There was a watchtower on each floor of the tower, and famous monks, authorities, and writers wrote poems along with a prayer for the well-being of the country, and hung signboards on each floor. ============================================ 주1) "(鐵盤 ··· ?In 三尺에서", ?(Shovel) is a letter written by overlapping three ((ten) characters sideways. Note 2) It is an article in Article 603 (2001.4.11) of the Digital Law Report. It is said that the "Chosun Relics Book" contains groundbreaking data of the Hwangnyongsa Wooden Pagoda to be a North Korean cultural property in 2000. Among the temples in North Korea, the only nine-story gilt-bronze pagoda in Korea was found inside the five-story stone pagoda of Bulilsa Temple, which represents the early Goryeo Dynasty. This gilt-bronze pagoda is 37cm in height and 13.8cm in length of the stylobate, consisting of jade body and roof stone, has eight doors over four sides of the stylobate, windows on each floor, and is said to be a nearly perfect wooden pagoda style with beautiful roof tiles on each eaves. In particular, the sophistication of stairs, doors, and windows is so realistic that it even evokes the illusion that the actual wooden pagoda has been reduced. Bulilsa Temple is a temple built by King Gwangjong of Goryeo for his mother Yoo, and King Gwangjong is the wife of King Gyeongsun of Silla, Princess Nakrang and her siblings. King Gyeongsun, his son-in-law, may have also participated in the process of building the temple, and even if not, it is highly likely that the nine-story pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple kept its magnificent appearance at that time. Note 3) Samguk Yusa is written as "A factory called Abiji came under the order to trim timber and stones, and Igan Yongchun (or Yongsu) organized the work with 200 directors." The father in Chaljubongi and the father in Samguk Yusa are thought to be the same person.It is only recorded that the Hwangnyongsa Pagoda was completed in March in the 15th year of Queen Seondeok's reign (645), and it was founded by accepting the request of Jajang. In addition, there is a record that King Jinpyeong went to Hwangnyongsa Temple in January 622, long before the pagoda was built, and in February, Lee Chan (??) water was used as a Naeseongsa Temple. If you are the same person as Yongsu, who is the general director of the tower, Yongsu appears to be the person who served as Lee Chan → Naeseongsa → Yi Gan's father. Note 4) Jajangbeopsa returned to Silla after being called by Queen Seondeok while studying in Tang Dynasty as a Buddhist monk in Silla. When Jajang Beopsa was in the Tang Dynasty, a god suddenly appeared and gave him a prophetic revelation, saying, "If you go back to Silla and build a nine-story pagoda, neighboring countries will surrender, pay tribute, and the country will be comfortable forever." After returning to Silla, the motherland, Jajangbeopsa suggested Queen Seondeok to build a nine-story wooden pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple by suggesting the revelation that a rookie appeared and did. Professor Kwon Jong-nam of Hwangnyongsa Temple Wooden Pagoda Design Drawing Proposed by the Silla Cultural Research Institute ◇ Professor Kwon Jong-nam ◇ Hwangnyongsa Temple Site (Historic Site No. 6), which revealed the shooting at the time of construction after eight years of excavation by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage in 1978. Now, it is noteworthy that there are scholars who have suggested new research directions for this place, which is more familiar with historical relics, rather than research subjects. The topical scholars tracked Professor Kwon Jong-nam (Segyeong University) who proposed the production of the Hwangnyongsa Wood Pagoda at the 22nd conference of the Shilla Cultural Research Institute on the 10th and Dr. Park Bang-ryong (then Wanggyeong and Wang) built around Gyeongju Temple. Professor Kwon, who published a "Consideration on the Architectural System of Hwangnyongsa Temple," emphasized, "The only wooden pagoda known only as literature is the Hwangnyongsa Temple Wooden Pagoda," adding, "If we can draw the design of Hwangnyongsa Wooden Pagoda, it will be a touchstone for research." According to Professor Kwon, the first study to begin with based on this information is to reveal the structure of the wooden pagoda. To this end, Professor Kwon paid attention to the records of King Munseong (839-856) of Silla in the contents of the <Hwangnyongsa Temple Main History>. Here, there is a content that the wooden pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple has been inclined to the northeast, but it has not been repaired for more than 30 years due to a lack of wood. Accordingly, Professor Kwon pointed out, "We should study the architectural method of Beopjusa Palsangjeon Hall, Japan's Beopryungsa Five-way Pagoda, and China's Bulgungsa Stone Pagoda, which are recognized for its robustness in modern architecture, and use it as a basis for inferring the structure." He also explained, "As Buddhist monk Ahn Hong and other Chinese monks proposed the construction of Hwangnyongsa Wooden Pagoda for the first time, it is necessary to infer the characteristics of Hwangnyongsa Pagoda based on the Chinese stone cave architecture method built at the same time as Ungang Stone Cave." In addition, Professor Kwon said, "If you reverse the length of the eaves at intervals between the cornerstones of Hwangnyongsa Temple's wooden pagodas, it is close to 4.7 meters," adding, "The fear of supporting the eaves would have been the largest temple building of the time." Dr. Park Bang-ryong, who announced the creation of the Silla Wanggyeong (now Gyeongju) and the creation of Hwangnyongsa Temple, also stressed, "Hwangnyongsa Temple was not in the south of the royal palace, as in the existing theory," adding, "We need to shed new light on the appearance of the royal landscape centered on Hwangnyongsa Temple." According to Dr. Park, the ongoing excavation of the north-south road of Hwangnyongsa Temple Site by the Gyeongju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage suggests that Silla's royal family was formed with the construction of a straight road with the establishment of Hwangnyongsa Temple. Wanggyeong-daero, which has been confirmed to be 10 meters wide, is an unprecedented super-large road in this area, crossing between Wolseong and Hwangnyongsa, the royal palaces of Silla. In other words, Hwangnyongsa Temple is located in an important place facing Wolseong Fortress around Wanggyeong-daero, and is located in the center, not in the south of the royal palace. In addition, Dr. Park paid attention to the names of the mountains such as Jungak and Jinsan in "Shinjeungdonggukyeoji Seungram" and said, "Nangsan adjacent to Hwangnyongsa Temple was not only called Jungak or Jinsan, but Hwangryong's Hwang is a symbol of the center of five directions." Reporter Oh Jong-wook Hwangnyongsa Wood Pagoda and Insh & Wood Pagoda (Yingsh & = Yonhap News) Kim Tae-sik = "(Gyeongju) Hwangnyongsa 9th floor Wood Pagoda will inevitably be this Wood Pagoda." Kim Hong-sik, head of the Korea Institute for Architecture and Culture, affiliated with Myongji University.58) Professor pointed to this magnificent wooden pagoda in front of the Seokgatap Tower of Bulgungsa Temple in Yingshuan, Xuzhou, Shanxi Province, China.

Inshu & Wooden Pagoda is pointed out as a war criminal to restore the wooden pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple in Silla, which was permanently disappeared after turning into a handful of ashes in the 25th year of King Gojong (1238) of Goryeo Dynasty.  However, for this reason, it has received attention from Korean academia early on as the subject of academic comparative research.     The two towers have a fairly long gap in the construction date. According to Samguksagi and Samguk Yusa, the wooden pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple was built in the 12th year of King Seondeok of Silla (643) at the suggestion of Zhuang, a monk who returned home from studying in China.     The construction date of the Hwangnyongsa Wood Pagoda is about 400 years ahead of the Seokga Pagoda of Bulgungsa Temple and the so-called Insh & Wood Pagoda, built in 1056 AD, the second year of Cheongsu by the Yo Dynasty, which commanded the northern part of the Jungwon continent.     Therefore, it is not easy to think that the two towers have some kind of commonality, paying attention only to the appearance of the nine floors and the materials are wood.     In addition, although the Insh & Wood Pagoda was intermittently renovated, it has maintained its original shape for about 950 years since its construction, but there is little data to give a glimpse of the exact structure of Hwangnyongsa Temple.     Although the structure and size of the Three Kingdoms are briefly mentioned, and the convenience can be seen in literature recited by some poets of the Goryeo Dynasty who visited the wooden pagodas of Gyeongju and Hwangnyongsa Temple, the restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple is not as easy as it sounds.     However, in terms of the re-creation of Korean cultural properties in the 21st century, some in our society, including academia, are also calling for the restoration of the wooden pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple, and this work is actually being carried out.     Cho Yoo-jeon (62), a former head of the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, who participated in the "Summer Exploration of Ancient Architecture in Shanxi Province" of Myongji University's Korea Institute of Architecture and Culture, also belongs to this.     Cho, who was in charge of excavation and investigation of Hwangnyongsa Temple, also had his doctoral thesis on Hwangnyongsa Temple, said, "It would be serious if the pagoda was restored to the very wooden pagoda site revealed by the excavation, but now we need to think positively about building a 21st-century wooden pagoda."     If the interest in Insh & Wood Pagoda in Korean-related academia has been an important reference for understanding the wooden pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple, the focus of interest is now shifting to the restoration of the wooden pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple.     Although both the foundation date and the spatial gap in their location are not small, the reason why the two towers are well compared is that they are both pure nine-story wooden pagodas.     There is a controversy over how to convert the metrology units remaining in the records of Hwangnyongsa Temple, but there is little objection to the fact that the total height exceeds 80m. Insh & Wooden Pagoda is 67.31m in height and 30.27m in diameter on the first floor. The nine-story Geumdong pagoda found in Bulilsa Temple, the "deterministic clue" to the restoration of Hwangnyongsa pagoda, realistic expression of eaves, windows, roof tiles, and stairs, we have the most stone pagodas throughout the Eastern three countries such as China and Japan. The number and beauty are no match for stone pagodas in other countries. How could I say Korea is the country of stone pagodas? However, we did not build only stone pagodas. Since the Three Kingdoms Period, when Buddhist culture blossomed, it was made much earlier than the stone pagoda until now, and it was none other than the wooden pagoda that was steadily built. Although only the Palsangjeon Hall of Beopjusa Temple, a five-story wooden pagoda of the Joseon Dynasty, remains alone, more than 10 temples, including Hwangnyongsaji Temple Site, Mireuksaji Temple Site, Geumgangsa Temple Site, Jeseoksa Temple Site, Silsangsa Temple Wood Pagoda, and Anseong Juksan-ri Wood Pagoda Site. Among them, the meaning of the Nine-story Wooden Pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple in Silla is unique to us. The upper part of the tower is 42 vessels (18m), and the total height is 225 vessels (80m). Although it was burned down during the Mongolian invasion, it is a representative building that is perfect for revealing the beauty and excellence of our wooden pagoda with the huge size of a 21-story building and the splendor described in the literature. It is because of this regret that many cultural property experts and related scholars are constantly burning their will to restore. However, last year, North Korean cultural properties of Joseon Dynasty were also discovered in Gamjwaedun, a groundbreaking source that can be said to be a clue to the restoration of the Hwangnyongsa Wooden Pagoda. Inside the 5-story stone pagoda of Bulilsa Temple, a representative relic of the early Goryeo Dynasty remaining in North Korea, the only nine-story gilt-bronze pagoda in Korea was discovered. This gilt-bronze pagoda is 37cm high and 13.8cm long in length, and has eight doors over four sides of the stylobate, windows on each floor, and is an almost perfect wooden gilt-bronze pagoda with beautiful roof tiles carved on each eaves. In particular, the sophistication of stairs, doors, and windows is realistic enough to evoke the illusion that the actual wooden pagoda has been reduced. Despite the efforts so far, there were not many data to reproduce the Hwangnyongsa Wooden Pagoda. The only data are the nine-story wooden pagoda-type Rock-carved pagoda carved on the north side of Tapgol Buddha Rock in Namsan Mountain, Gyeongju, and the five-story Geumdongdae Pagoda housed in the Hoam Museum. Although Tapgol Rock-carved Pagoda is carved around the same time as Hwangnyongsa Temple, it has a limitation of being a relief, and the Geumdong Grand Pagoda of Hoam Museum is not on the 9th floor but on the 5th floor, so it cannot be seen as perfect data in the mid-Goryeo style. On the other hand, the nine-story Geumdong pagoda is similar to the contemporary works of the Hwangnyongsa Wood Pagoda in terms of style, such as the fact that it was an early Goryeo work immediately after the country was transferred from Silla to Goryeo. It is also important to note that Bulilsa Temple, where the Gilt-bronze Pagoda was excavated, was built by King Gwangjong, the fourth king of Goryeo, for his mother, Queen Yoo (Sinmyeongsunseong). It is highly probable that King Gyeongsun, son-in-law, also participated in the process of establishing a mother's Wondang between Princess Nakrang, the wife of King Gyeongsun, the last king of Silla, and his brother-in-law. In addition, even if King Gyeongsun did not participate, it is highly likely that the Hwangnyongsa Wooden Pagoda became a model for the nine-story Geumdong pagoda because it remained magnificent until then. According to the Geungamjwaedun, a nine-story gilt-bronze pagoda was found inside the five-story stone pagoda of Bulilsa Temple, as well as a paper that appears to have a silk gold tooth landscape and a source. Therefore, in order to restore the wooden pagoda of Hwangnyongsa Temple, the process of obtaining these data must be preceded first.