Byzantine vs Saracen, Siege of Constantinople

 The battle between the Arabs and the Byzantine turned around after the 717-718 siege of Constantinople. Under the reign of Khalid (705-715), the Islamic Empire reached its peak, and it finally came to a decision to dampen the Byzantine Empire. When the Arabs invaded Asia, Theodosius III, the emperor of the Byzantine Empire (715-717), handed over the emperor's seat to Leo (717-741), a professional soldier, and fled to a monastery. Leo quickly repaired Constantinople's large fortress and stockpiled food. Until the time of gunpowder arrived, such walls were impregnable, and the only way to conquer such a city was to surround it and block all access roads. Since the city was built on top of Gap and surrounded by the sea on three sides, all wins and losses depended on the superiority and inferiority of the fleet. The exact number is unknown, but it is clear that their fleet prevailed because the Arabs requisitioned ships at all ports in the eastern Mediterranean. In August 717, Islamic General Maslama attacked the water-side wall of Constantinople. After being decisively repelled due to the dialysis machine, he officially launched a blockade operation. He ordered the admiral Suleiman to divide the fleet into two platoons. One was based in Eutropius and Antemius on beaches in Asia Minor, blocking communications with enemy supplies from the Mediterranean Sea. The other was sent to Bosporus to block the strait between Constantinople and the Black Sea. Meanwhile, Leo built two towers on both sides of the access road at Golden Horn Port and hung a huge chain policy between the towers. In early September, a small fleet of part-timers sailed to Bosporus and began to enter. When the fleet shook the fleet as a strong current shook the fleet, Leo lowered the battalion and set off his galley to attack Greece's fire enemy fleet. The Arabs retreated after losing more than 20 ships, and Leo returned to the Golden Horn. Arabs have no longer been able to attack the strait for some time. As a result, their blockade during the winter was partial. So, while supplies poured into Leo's castle through the Black Sea, Alba people suffered greatly from the cold they had never experienced before. In spring, Arabs received large-scale reinforcements from North Africa and tried to go back to Bosphorus to complete the blockade. However, coincidentally, many of the crew members of the new fleet were Christians who were forcibly recruited. They leaked the plan, and Leo's fleet, as it did in the fall of the previous year, won a complete victory by appearing from behind the chain policy at a decisive moment and launching attacks to sink countless Arab ships. Following such a victory, the Bulgarian alliance won the ground battle between Constantinople and Adrianople, marking the end of the battle. The Byzantine Empire spread rumors to the enemy that the Franks had raised troops to fight Islam for the Kingdom of Christ, and eventually Calif gave up the Byzantine. In August 718, Constantinople's siege was lifted after 12 months. Leo's fleet chased the enemy and went all the way down to Hellespont, where only a few were able to survive due to the storm. It was a catastrophe that Arabs would never forget. When Leo won again in 739 at the Battle of Acroinone in Frisia, the Arabs were forced to withdraw from the western city of Pediatrics. Leo wedged the Islamic Empire so that it could never invade Western Greece again for centuries. Constantinople's honor of victory should be mainly attributed to Leo's individual. He dominated the leadership of the Byzantine Empire at the moment of crisis and blocked the enemy's attack for a long time with courage and wisdom against an enemy who was far more dominant and had a great reputation in number. However, he would not have succeeded if he had not inherited the Army and Navy, which had been built over a long period of time in the tradition of military efficiency. The army created by Velicius and Mauricius (582~602) and Heraclius, who won the wars against Slav and Persian in 622 and 628, proved several times in the upcoming future that it was better than the army of the raging Arabs. Source: pages 204 to 207 of the history of the Montgomery Writing War, Constantinople's three-stage wall, must also have been impregnable in the Middle Ages.