Colosseum

 The Colosseum in Rome began construction in 72 during the reign of Emperor Vespacian, and was completed eight years later in 1980, when his son Emperor Titus. Built of concrete and stone, the huge building stretches 190 meters wide and 155 meters long, respectively, with 45,000 seats and 5,000 standing seats in four stages. The Colosseum was equipped with a tent roof called a verarium to protect spectators from hot sunlight, but there was a round hole in the middle of the roof, which served as a vent as well as mining. Spectators are supposed to climb the stairs leading to the stands through the designated entrance, and this method of seat allocation and access control is still used today. The name Colosseum is derived from the Latin word Colossus, which means "great," a huge statue of Emperor Nero in front of it. However, these large amphitheaters were not only built in Rome, but also in Nimme and Arr of France, and Germany, North Africa, Asia, as well as Jerusalem, where the Romans entered. The circular theater in Jerusalem was built by Herod the Great. The Colosseum in Rome was called the Flavius Amphibia. When the Colosseum was completed, it is said that nearly 100 days of speculation were held due to the commemorative box office success. However, construction continued during the reign of Emperor Domitian, and renovation or extension was carried out during the reign of Emperor Nerva and Emperor Trajan. In addition, large-scale renovation work was carried out until the first half of the 6th century, following several lightning strikes. The stories told about the Roman Animal Circus Amphibia are mainly about gladiators' death duel, cruel fights between animals, and creepy things that the beast ate death row or innocent Christians. All of this fact itself cannot be denied. This is because it is true to some extent that such a thing happened in the circular stadium. However, it is very exaggerated or marked with lies that people and animals have paired in various ways to fight each other. This is because behind such a cruel description is generally intended to reveal the ethical decadence of Roman culture. The fun entertainment created by the Romans was the animal circus. How popular the animal circus was was was enough for Plutarch to record an animal show at the Colosseum. He wrote that animals are especially brilliant. There is also a record that people climbed up on animals and danced or did gymnastics, and animals stood up on their own hind feet or did acrobatics in the water. Seals, deer, nutrition, monkeys, and dogs were also trained to appear in various shows. Leopards stand side by side with nutrition with bruises and pull carts. The lion, who was dragged out of the dumping ground, taught him not to kill the rabbit even if he captured it, so he had to just drive it slightly with his teeth so as not to get hurt like dealing with a baby lion. When the bear climbed into the kiln, four elephants burned it on their backs like a gentle slave of four. Leopards, bears, and iris were also tamed and sent to the show. Elephant performances were particularly popular. Elephants are depicted not kneeling, dancing in groups, sitting at a table, and writing Greek or Latin characters on the sand of a long nose dumping ground. According to Small Plinius' expression, the crowd applauded when a domestic leopard with a harness pulled a tank or when a trained elephant knelt down in front of the emperor's grandstand and wrote Latin on the sand with his nose. Of course, the show of animals that have become gentle after being trained has lost its charm over time. People demanded more stimulating games, fights between rhinos and elephants, and duel between bears and buffalo used to take place. However, these duels took place only in special festivals. As the fight between animals also felt trivial, the fight between humans and animals began to gain popularity. People usually did not wear armor and fought only with shields or small knives. It is said that humans mainly won the fight between humans and lions, but there were many cases where lions won. However, if you look closely at this record, you can quickly see that a person's fight against a beast was limited to a person with a special ability. The fact that humans mainly won the fight between humans and lions means that the person on the field was confident of winning the duel. Numerous records show that officials dispatched from Rome at the time were desperate to secure the quantity required by the central government. For example, Cicero, who served as the head of Kylikia, part of Turkey today, protested against the urge to send more leopards. His protest even wrote that hunters were persecuted enough to no longer be able to put them into capturing animals. It is self-evident that such a game cannot be held for hundreds of years if hundreds of beasts were killed a day. When it comes to gladiators' duel colosseum, almost everyone is reminiscent of a match between humans and humans, that is, a match between gladiators. There are many pictures and materials about the gladiators' life-threatening fighting, so it cannot be said that there is no such fact itself. Records show that there was a fight between blacks, and sometimes women and dwarfs fought. Mesalina, the emperor of Claudius, who was appointed the next emperor after the murder of Emperor Caligula, is also known as the most famous Tangnyeo in history, but it is also well known that she was a gladiator before the queen became a queen. Most gladiators were prisoners, slaves, and sinners, thoroughly trained in training centers, and specialized institutions were established to train gladiators. However, as the general public knows, gladiators did not have a death duel in all games. It can be seen from the fact that the upper class children did not just watch in the circular stadium, but also participated in the game themselves. Commodus, the son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, famous for his meditation, is one such example. He fought more than 1,000 times in the speculative field to be recognized as the strongest man in Rome. Of them, 355 were when his father was emperor, and 735 were when he was emperor. Not only has he never been killed in a fight with a gladiator, but that doesn't mean all of his opponents who dueled with him have been killed. In fact, Commodus aimed to fight for money. Whenever he went on a duel, he had gladiators remit 500,000 Sisters from their joint funds. Commodus did not like the name "Roma Hercules," so he engraved the name of Paulus, a famous gladiator at the time he envied, under his statue. This is an example of how popular gladiators were. The fact that losers are not always murdered can also be seen from graffiti written by gladiators remaining in Rome. He wrote that he participated in more than 20 duels at the amphitheater and lost six times. gladiators were no different from today's professional sports players, and many people bet on famous gladiators. The job of gladiators itself was very popular with the Romans, so competent gladiators made a lot of money. In fact, there are still scribbles that envy the rich owner who succeeded as a gladiator and retired. The graffiti on the walls of Pompeii's buildings states that a gladiator from the Trachians named Celadus gained sensational popularity among Roman women. Roman paintings show children hunting mountain rabbits, just as adults hung noose on bulls or rhinos in hunting. Children in Rome admired becoming riders of tram races while playing in two-wheeled cars pulled by sheep, goats, and dogs. This is evidence that neither gladiatorial pitching nor games at the time at the circular stadium was dangerous. Would there be any parents who would allow it if they practiced to participate in a gladiatorial game in which all their children died, both in the present and in the past? The fact that gladiators' fight was not just a death duel is also related to the Roman disposition. Roman men thought it an honor not to fear wounds and death. In the fight between gladiators, the loser was generally killed only when the loser acted cowardly. In fact, it is very exaggerated that Christians were put in the amphitheater to serve as the food of the beasts. It is widely believed that it is not true that numerous Christians, such as Quobadis, were driven to the Colosseum and attacked by lions and other fielders. First of all, the fact that the Colosseum was established in 80 A.D. shows that the contents of Quobadis do not conform to historical facts. One of the reasons is that making animals kill Christians who have no defense ability itself is not very stimulating or interesting. There may have been no such execution method at all, but the Romans thought it was more instructive to wear Christians on the cross.