1. History of Shamanism The history of Shamanism should go beyond the simple meaning of "Jumjip" and look at the books of the Korean people, "The Relocation of Three Kingdoms Wijidong" and "Huhanseo." Shamanism is closely related to the Jecheon style in the past, and has developed into a shamanistic religious form, showing a very different pattern according to such changes in Jecheon style or due to the oppression and development of the central kingship. It was a natural form of flow, and it can be said that shamans were developed in connection with nature such as Buddhism. Furthermore, it is an indication of awareness and perception of ancestors, and Shinnae-rim of shamanism was usually developed into a spiritual exchange with the ancestors, or a perception of mountain gods and spirits. This shamanism is related to religion and pansori in the present, and it can be said that the religious form, that is, the foresight of monks from the past, has also been passed down from a single motherhood. The current shamanism... What you still encounter about shamanism may be a fear to the general public. However, if you meet and talk to shamans in person, you can see how close and humane they are to nature. It is also because it prioritizes the purification and energy of the mind, but it is believed that the most important reason is mental training. Therefore, I think that drinking a cup of tea in search of shamanism may be so comfortable that all fatigue is relieved. 1) The Samhan Samhan period was an agricultural period. In the Samhan period, when everything was consumed and produced due to agriculture, rituals were held to the heavenly gods at the beginning and end of farming. Each country had one heavenly god, and rituals were held in climate-related areas, which were called Yeonggo. It was usually the beginning of the prediction and desire of the antagonist by dancing and singing, and in the case of Goguryeo, the atmosphere of the festival was even stronger. The current shaman played such an "Nara Exorcism" in the Samhan period and occupied an important position in the country, and played a role in leading the people in areas not related to farming. Therefore, in the country, shamans were considered gods or substitutes for gods, and it can be said that a heavenly god ritual was held in a form very close to nature. 2) As the national appearance of the Three Kingdoms Period was formed, the central kingship began to take power in a primitive form. Shamanism gradually began to decline because the theory was not supported by such royal authority. Rather than shamanism not being able to enjoy power, shamanism developed by running through the characteristics of the king's bookkeeper, advisor, or predictor. Shamanism, which was purified and edified with nature, has been predicted and recognized for the future since then. Taking the "Cheoyongga" of the Three Kingdoms Period as an example, it can be seen that although he is not a king, he began to take on a legendary form that connects with the common people in close relationship with him. While acknowledging the king's authority, it can be said that their unique development, that is, the form of blessing or defeat, flowed in the direction of public sentiment about mischief. 3) Shamanism began to flourish when King Taejo established Goryeo during the Goryeo Dynasty. Regional characteristics such as mountain gods rather than gods were reflected from the Three Kingdoms Period, and began to spread rapidly around famous mountains, fields, and rivers nationwide, and events and rituals began to take place while running religious tendencies for the country. As shamanism spread throughout the country, shamanism was even practiced in the palace. The basics were Cheonin and Gwiin, and the class began to appear in shamans, and when Yangban became a shaman, it was called a shaman, and when Yangmin became a shaman, it was called a shaman. Seongwan is one of the names of gods, that is, officials who communicate with heaven, and this can be said to belong to the current position of shaman. During the Goryeo Dynasty, as the power of women expanded, rain rites were held in the country, and many people outside the palace lived with comfort. 4)During the Joseon Dynasty, the ideology of Confucian policy was strongly dominated from the beginning, and the fire and the shaman were suppressed at the same time. As the oppression of Buddhism intensified, Buddhism and others permeated the hearts of the general public in mountains and nature, and shamanism permeated into the village village's village guardian deity shrine and back in a secret and indirect form. Shamanists have fallen in class since the Joseon Dynasty, and Buddhism belongs to the same. It can be said that this example is for monks to examine their energy. The decline in class has often been reverted according to the state's policy of making them belong to the heavenly people, even if they are called divine disciples. Such a personality has continued these days, and shamanism predicted the future through excitement, that is, "feeling," and "feeling," but it can be said that dynamics developed by theories such as philosophy, logic, and statistics these days belong to this. Shamanism as it is now sometimes alienated from the flow of the country and the world, but it is still deeply related to its spirituality from a secret standpoint, or it is often noticeable that a celebrity from abroad comes to Korea to meet a shaman. 2. Sinnaerim 1) Inheritance dance is literally a form in which the family descends from generation to generation, is born with the energy of a shaman, and life is determined as a shaman. It is called hereditary dance to take over shamanism, that is, to predict fate according to the energy that has been passed down from generation to generation. With the introduction of Western religions such as Christianity, shamanism, which is called superstition, has disappeared a lot now due to stubborn opposition to the succession of shamanism, but contrary to strong negatives in the East Sea and North Korea, discrimination has disappeared. As jokes and dances increased, shamanism spread throughout various types and places, and became scattered and had regional characteristics. <Refer to Regional Characteristics> As such, hereditary dance still exists in its natural form, and furthermore, it can be seen that it is passed on to art and music. 2) Kang Shin-moo, like hereditary dance, refers to the energy of shamanism, but Kang Shin-moo refers to "a person who has been possessed" and at some point, how to see and predict God. This can be said to be the case by referring to the form of sudden transmission of street chest lights. Gangshinmu is usually a one-sided choice by God without a choice such as rejection, and it indicates that if you receive Gangshinmu, you have to live as a shaman. Usually, prediction and prediction are possible through the meaning of local mountain gods or spiritual exchanges such as ancestors in the past, and shamanists of Kang Shin-mu do not use special tools (spare items for magic such as hereditary dance, beans, and rice) to point out shamanism. Usually, if you try to reject Kang Shin-moo, you will get a "new disease," and this disease is a disease that appears to you or close to you, and it is a mysterious thing that cannot be scientifically proven as it is caused by modern medicine. Predicting a person's future using fans, candles, leaves, beans, rice, etc. can be said to be a form that cannot be seen in past shamans, which can be said to be a chart or indicator that gives a single eye perception of the visitor. In view of this, if such a diagram is not placed on people's stability and itself is considered a point or prediction, there may be cases where the person cannot be called a shaman. 3. What is the intention to perform a kind of gut? It refers to maintaining the present life, bringing in blessings, and preventing bad things from invading. Gut, spoken in shamanism, refers to the practice of the dead or ancestor's soul according to procedures or needs to comfort and cleanse this soul because it wanders around. Locally, procedures, processes, and types differ, and differ in purpose and appearance. ▒ Seoul.Gyeonggi area - Dodanggut, Daedonggut, Seonanggut, Dangsangut, etc. ▒ Donghae area - Byeolsingut, Golmegeut ▒ Jeolla-do - Hand-made ritual ▒ Jeju Island - Yeongdonggut, etc. are examples of performing. In addition, these rituals are derived from the meaning of "salpuri," "gosa," and "bison," and there are various types of names and types of exorcism depending on their purpose. 1) Naerimgut Naerimgut usually has a very special meaning among shamanists. Therefore, this gut is usually performed on those who have to perform "Gangshinmu" as a gut in which the principles of place and secret are fulfilled. In general, it is an example to perform all procedures, and those who receive this descending rite can easily understand it as "receiving a new descending." Naerimgut consists of eight procedures, and this itself cannot be disclosed. This is because it is a draw to see the spirit. When we usually go to a shaman's house, we can see the expression Manshin. Manshin, which can be said to be one of the differences between shamans, can be seen as a relationship between a large shaman and a small shaman, and the small shaman is called Manshin because it has not been able to take off its "japshin" cleanly, and the large shaman enshrines a lot of large gods. From that point of view, it can be seen that the novelty is not accurate 2) Jakdu-ttagi Jakdu-ttagi is usually an order of Naerim-gut. Jakdu-ttagi is an order that proves the power of God, and then it is a tradition to put a mortar at the bottom. Shamanism's unfolding of Jakdu-ri involves arousing a belief and scaring the "mischief" away. When a shaman shows blood in Jakdu-ta, it sometimes stops the exorcism that day because it is said to have been denied. Just as such mystery and sharpness have not yet proved to be a scientific civilization, nothing has been revealed at the moment regarding the method, and it is said that only those who have been possessed can unfold from the standpoint of shamans. 3)There are several bases, such as the purpose and process of the shaman performing the exorcism, but the most commonly known one is this exorcism. An accident, that is, a gut that is literally unfolded to treat diseases such as humans, is called an accidental rite. A disease that anyone suffers from before becoming a shaman, which is called a "new disease," and what they get from this new disease makes them have the ability to treat people. The reason why shamans perform exorcism in these recruits is to please and comfort God.
Since it is believed that the disease of the family is usually caused by the ancestors' souls or mischief, it can be considered that the gut in the form of soothing and kicking it out belongs to this. As such exorcism has been well known to people, it is often expressed in science as a religious belief that parts that cannot be treated with medicine are often corrected. 4)It is also called the Jinogwi Exorcism Command System, and "Jinogwi Exorcism" can be said to be a form of exorcism that leads the dead to the afterlife in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Likewise, Jinogwi-gut is not an independent form of gut, but a part of the gut, and it can be said that it was performed to believe in the world of the soul, stabilize the soul, and relax the hearts of the senders. Looking at the characteristics of Jinogwi-gut, there are two statues, one of which is for the dead, and the other is for the Grim Reaper who takes the dead. It has the meaning of washing away the injustice that people have experienced in their lives. In this way, I think it is a traditional meaning that coexists with distant Samhan in the same sense as rituals and ancestral rites. 5)Byeolsingut Byeolsingut, literally a special way of behaving the gut itself, which includes the meaning of "unique" and "unusual," and this is Byeolsingut. It is different from general exorcism, which is performed for individuals or for family problems, and is a form of exorcism held throughout the village or at the entrance, as if serving Seonangdang in the village. Although there are regional differences, Byeolsingut can be said to be a gut that comforts and appeases the god, believing that there is a god who protects the village. Some people believe that this Byeolsingut originated from problems such as infectious diseases in the past, and the fear of such infectious diseases is called Byeolsingut, which was unfolded in the life of the whole border. One of the most rare exorcisms is Byeolsin Exorcism, which is an example of people's individualism or overcoming infectious diseases due to industrial urbanization. 6) Daedong Exorcism is a type of village ritual held once a year or several years in a fishing village with fishing as its main livelihood. The name of the event is also replaced by the term Daedonggut on a large scale. When Daedong-gut begins, the rite is held, starting with the representative in charge of the event going to the shrine and holding a ritual, and the next day, a ritual was held in front of the Dragon King's God of the sea, and from then on, the grand rite, which peaks Daedong-gut, is held 24 hours a day. Daedong-gut is composed of the following 24 exorcisms, and the event and a brief commentary are as follows. 1. Application Woollim: Exorcism to ask for gods in the house before climbing Dangsan. 2. Exorcism to greet you. 3. Segyeongdol: Exorcism to pray for offense and defense in front of the village's house. 4. Exorcism to cleanse the place. 5. Gamheung-gut: Gut that makes the gods play happily and welcomes the gods to the altar. 6. Yeongjeong-buddhist: Gut that feeds all kinds of mischief and throws away all kinds of misfortune, disease, anxiety, and bad luck. 7. Bokjan-naerim: Put a drink on the sacrificial table and pray to the ritual official. 8. Jeseokgut: Gut to pray for good luck, good fortune, and good fortune on the occasion of Jeseok. 9. Seongjugut: To cut the trees grown by receiving pine seeds from swallows, to clean the site with them, and build a house. 10. It is a Gut to pray for good fortune and good fortune while singing. 11. Malmyeong-gut: A shaman's ritual performed alternately in roles such as sister-in-law, daughter-in-law, and volunteer work. 12. Hunting Exorcism: It is a Exorcism that freezes before catching cows or pigs for sacrifice. Be sure to catch cows in Daedonggut. 13. Seongsu Street: It is a gut that entertains various kidneys, generals, and spirits enshrined in the ritual and prays for the ritual specialists and villages. 14. Gununggut: Gut performed continuously at Seongsu Street. 15. Masalgut: Exorcism to recommend sacrifices to various gods. 16. General Munsan Street: Exorcism that calls in various generals from each region to praise their bravery and dignity. 17. Daegam Nori Exorcism: It is a process of making various spectators laugh, dance, and turn them around with satirical jokes. 18. Badgi Naerim: It is a gut similar to 17. 19. Ancestral Exorcism: Exorcism to pray for ancestors to go to heaven without going into hell. 20. Seonang, Moksin-gut: A place where each Seonang is called in to pray for virtue to be reappointed and to prevent evil. 21. Grandpa Youngsan.Halmyam: Good to play with a god who catches a lot of fish as a person. 22. Bangin Yeonggam Exorcism: A Exorcism to pray that the ship does not meet a storm and does not get caught in grass-like places. 23. Beoldae-dong-gut: Gut to release and feed various miscellaneous gods. 24. Gangbyeon Yongsin Exorcism: A ritual to pray for the stability of the saucer, for a good catch, and to console the spirit of the enemy who died in the sea. 7)It is a ritual performed by the shipowner for a big catch of Baeyeonsin-gut, and its unique ritual is held regardless of Daedong-gut, and there are 12 types of ritual. 1) Application Woollim: The process of requesting various gods while reciting editorial articles according to the janggo and gongsori. 2) Welcoming Sangsan: General Lim Gyeong-up and the mountain god, the masters of Dangsan. Good for welcoming Seonang. 3) Unfair interpretation: Exorcism to eliminate uncleanness in the ship. 4) Munsan General Street: Exorcism that praises and harms bravery and majesty by requesting all generals from various regions. 5) Daegam Nori Gut: A gut that asks each god in charge of every corner of the ship to treat them, make the ship safe, and pray for them to catch a lot of fish. 6) Netting. Yeongsan Halbabyam. Halmamyam. : Gut performed by Halbabyam and Halmamyam wearing masks on their heads and having humorous jokes and editorials. They offer sacrifices to the Dragon King, put nets in the sea, and pretend to scoop out meat and put it on a boat. 7) Songgeoju Gut: Gut for the safety of the ship by distributing meat symbolizing blessings to the shipowner and crew. 8) Yongsin Gut from the bridge: Gut to call in various miscellaneous gods and release and feed them. 9) Gangbyeon Exorcism: Exorcism that sends all the liquid to the sea. 4. Regional characteristic Exorcism has slightly different characteristics from the name, purpose, or perspective of each region. Gaam-gut is hatched in the central region, and in Jeolla-do, it develops in various forms such as Dangsan-gut, Nanjang-gut, Daegam-gut, and Simcheong-gut, and especially in the East Sea and Jeju-do, there are currently the most rituals. However, the purpose of this exorcism is to prevent injustice, to take mental stability by driving gods, mischief, etc., as well as to take and discern taboos, that is, what to do and what to do, in the same sense for the purpose of family safety or group safety. In the present era, the reason why exorcism is held in the East Sea or Jeju Island is that I hope that God will be comforted and grateful for it in close relationships with the climate such as sailors. Gut is usually called Shinmyeong and is related to mask dance. However, since mask dance, which is part of the gut, first entered people's consciousness with a frame, we acknowledge the tradition of mask dance, but we become sensitive to the fundamental shamanism and gut. 1) When it comes to southern part of the country, it usually means the gut of Jeju Island. The fact that the gut itself is preserved in Jeju Island, where the roots of shamanism are deep and the traditional context continues, shows that most of the villagers prayed to the god of ships or the god of the sea while praying for the well-being of their families who go to the distant sea. ▒ Jeju Island - Yeongdong Gut ▒ Donghae - Byeolsingut, Golmegut, and other East Coast are similar, and each island has its own characteristics. Chogamje, Chilseongje, Munjeonje, and Ilwoljosangje are representative examples. Even in the present era, as sometimes seen in newspapers, it can be seen that the depth and tradition have been developed around fishing villages. 2) Representative exorcism performed in the central region is called Gamang Exorcism, and there are Dodang Exorcism, Daedong Exorcism, Bugun Exorcism, Seonang Exorcism, Dang Exorcism, Dangsan Exorcism, etc. performed in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. In the central region, various kinds of exorcism are together, and the most common form we know belongs to this. Genogwi Exorcism, which soothe the dead, is also distributed in the Gyeonggi area, and these Exorcism are used interchangeably and can be said to be a one-time form of Exorcism performed in various places. In the culture of agricultural lifestyle, it can be said that the gut was developed in the central region to pray for the prediction of expectations for agriculture and the family's great events, health, and wealth. 3)Suwanggut in northern Pyeongan-do and Mangmuguigut in Hamgyeong-do are representative and have similar characteristics to those in the central region. It can be said that the meaning of mountain gods has become stronger and more sensitive to infectious diseases, so there is a form of gut at the entrance of the neighborhood or common form of gut among the villagers, and these gut also originated from the examination of human blessings and safety and health. These exorcisms performed in the northern part of the country were spread at the entrance of the village by the meaning of Jangseungdeung, and the Seonangdang Lecture Hall was changed and passed down to the present day. Since Seonangdang is located at the entrance of the village, it is said that the image of Jangseung to prevent mischief from entering, give meaning to Jangseung, and run away with fear of "Mischief," etc. is a form of people's desperate desire for infectious diseases. Seasonal rituals, family beliefs, magic, and fortune-telling beliefs belong to this, and these folk beliefs were passed down in the style of life beyond the meaning of religion and naturally rooted in people's minds. These folk beliefs are deeply related to disease, poverty, poverty, food, and farming, and are not systematic because the situation has been transferred and organized accordingly, but it should be said that they have adapted with reality. Examples of such examples include the story of Jangseung, Seonangdang, Sanshinryeongje, and ghost stories, which still exist and are handed down today. What is important is that rather than unconditionally contempt and critical of such an unsystematic religion, it is a attitude of mind to understand it and sublimate it into a tradition. 1)Jangseung Jangseung refers to the guardian deity who protects the village. It refers to the god of idols who fits the characteristics of the village, and these guardian posts have been located on the streets of the village or in the most frequent places.
These jangseungs were common folk beliefs, and it can be said that before and after liberation, they were burned and disappeared. The eyes and appearance of the guardian post itself are generally scary. This is because it refers to a divine meaning that transcends humans and embodies the idol of God with wood. (The "Sotdae" made of wood is also the same as this meaning) Even in our grandmother's generation, Jangseung was closely related to life, and it would have been a life like a friend. Currently, Jangseung generally hides its appearance and makes and maintains it in several places where traditions are preserved. Even today, Jangseung as a culture and in a community sense may play a sufficient role in the harmony and preservation of people. 2)Seonangdang Lecture Hall When you enter a traditional village in Korea, there is still Sotdae, and Seonangdang Lecture Hall is close to the hand. The usual feature is that stones are piled up near large trees, and blue, red, white, green, and yellow silk are hung. Large stones, trees, etc. would have served as guardian gods in a village, and such trees would have been considered sacred. Even now, if you go to a quiet countryside, you will see the accumulated shape of large pavilions and stones centered on the village. Currently, the form of wishing in that energy is disappearing, but it can be seen that it still exists as sacred. Such Seonangdang Shrine is usually located on a pass or at the foot of a mountain, slightly different from Jangseung, and has been handed down in the form of a mountain god. 3)The form of the mountain spirit refers to giving the shape of a person with materials such as stones, trees, or people. This holy belief can still be found not only in Korea, but also in China, Japan, and Thailand, and also in Buddhist temples. It is correct to say that such things are in minimal form at the moment and have generally almost disappeared. These mountain gods and holy beliefs were generally personal, and rather than the origin of all the villagers' lives, they were personal, children's wishes, health, family, etc., and very secret parts within their own categories. This faith has gone through harmony with Buddhism, penetrated into people's personal meaning or will for life, and compared to the West, the meaning of "mountain climbing" and hiking may be the meaning of traditions established in this form of life. 4)Ghost story shamanism has a very wide category of ghosts. Goblin, which we commonly know, is also a kind of ghost and refers to a form that is very familiar with humans. Ghosts, like humans, have a type according to the distinction between good and evil, and their strength also has different forms. Usually, ghosts do not like Yanggi (light), and they can do things related to humans. The source of this is interpreted by the fact that a person's life consists of "horn" ears" and "back". Ghosts are often approached by evil parts, and they are approached by diseases of the mind or body, not by force. Although it cannot control the human soul, it affects the body and can be seen in the "bathroom," "washing hair," and "sleeping in a half-asleep state," which we commonly know. The reason is the same as the theory that people encounter ghosts when they are not aware of reality and have the energy of marriage. However, the first thing we need to recognize is that ghosts are the distinct meanings of "ears" and "god." In other words, the fact that the god in a person's body flies into the sky and the energy of the sound remains on the ground is called (the meaning of spirit and soul in the West). In other words, physically, it can be said to be a distinction between negative and positive energy in the body. In sum, it is called a ghost, but the perception has changed and is usually referred to as a ghost. 6. The shallow pass behind the central fire station in Muhak-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul and Mudang Mudang Pass (Muhak-dong) was called Mudang Pass. The origin of the name is said to be due to the fact that many shamans lived here in Muhak-dong and Sindang-dong. Until the end of the 1960s, there were several shamanic houses around this pass, so it was easy to see a shaman dancing to the sound of drums and janggu while wearing pleasure and men's clothes. Around this time, thatched houses in the area remained the same as they were in their old days, and when you push through the gate, you can see a lot of ritual food prepared with people who came to perform Jaesugut, Byeonggut, and Ogugut in front of the shrine set up in a dark room. However, in the 1970s, as the area was renovated, such appearance disappeared. The reason why so many shamans lived in Muhak-dong and Sindang-dong was that Donghwalinseo, a relief organization for the poor and treating infectious diseases during the Joseon Dynasty, was here. Hwallinseo had Donghwalinseo and Seohwalinseo, which were medical institutions established to treat poor patients in Hanseongbu and old holiday institutions to rescue the poor. Looking at its history, it was renamed Hwalinwon in the 12th year of King Sejo (1466) after it was established in the first year of King Taejo (1392), and changed to Hwalinwon in the 1414th year of King Taejong (1414). There was a time when Hwallinseo was abolished twice. It was abolished for 25 years between the 10th year of Yeonsan-gun (1504) and the 7th year of King Jungjong (1512), and between the 28th year of King Seonjo (1595) and the 4th year of King Gwanghae-gun (1612). And it was re-established in the 4th year of King Gwanghaegun and survived until the abolition of King Gojong's 19th year (1882). At the same medical institution, Hyemin-guk mainly used medicine to treat common people's diseases, and Hwallinseo belonged to shamans other than clinics and saved and treated those who had no place to rely on among the sick in the city as mieum and medicinal materials. Hwallinseo mainly treated patients with infectious diseases, and when the epidemic was severe, he set up a folding screen around Hwallinseo and accommodated patients, and on the other hand, shamans defeated the plague that caused the epidemic. Hwallinseo also has a function of cracking down on shamans, so they made books to write down matters related to shamans and collected taxes from shamans. Donghwalinseo is now located in Donam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, and Seohwalinseo is located in Ahyeon-dong, Mapo-gu. However, the location of Donghwalinseo is shown as Donam-dong on the map of the capital city made during King Yeongjo's reign, but according to Suseonjeon Hall, which was made in the mid-1800s, it seems that it was relocated here after King Yeongjo's reign. The location is estimated to be around 236 and 304 Sindang-dong.
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