Sumerians and Babylonians.

 The first people who created civilization in Mesopotamia were Sumerians. They invented letters and left records on clay boards. The shape of this character is called a wedge character because it looks like a wedge in a crack in an object. The Sumerians were interested in floods in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. So I carefully observed and recorded the movements of constellations and rivers, and wedge characters were used at this time. The wedge letters they created were used for commercial transactions in Mesopotamia until around 500 B.C.

  Sumerians saw the moon cold and lean and made a calendar to farm. The calendar created by seeing the moon cold and leaning is called the solar calendar. In addition, because they believed that stars were related to human destiny, astrology to look at stars and make dots was developed. He made a 60-digit system, used it for commercial use, and invented multiplication and division. The Sumerians are also the first people in the world to make wheels. Ur's standard, which was made around 2500 B.C., shows that Sumerians used wheels.

  Mesopotamia's most prosperous country was Babylon, centered on Babylon. King Hammurabi of Babylon conquered the entire Mesopotamian region and formed a unified kingdom. And I made a strict law called "The Code of Hammurabi". Hammurabi Code is the oldest law in the world. In this code of law, "The one who blinds others blinds them," and "The one who breaks others' teeth breaks them.There is a clause like ". This is where the word "eye for eyes, tooth for teeth" came from. However, Babylonian unification of Mesopotamia did not last long. After King Hammurabi's death, Babylon lost a lot of territory, weakened its strength, and was ruled by Hittite and Assyria.