There are some Korean-Japanese friends in Sohae-dong Korean-Japanese friends in Sohae. About this time last year, I remember what I heard from a friend while enjoying autumn together in Tokyo. "10. Pronounce it in Japanese". "Chu". "No..."Chu" .... "Hmm. It's not working well." "It's not working well." During the Great Eastern Earthquake in the past, the Japanese told me to pronounce it 10 times to distinguish Koreans, and if it's not accurate, they died." ".................." This tragedy should not be repeated. That's why you learn history. ======================================================= The double disaster that hit Koreans in Japan in 1923 September 1st marks the 76th anniversary of the Great Kwandong Earthquake. Two minutes before the lunch bell rang at 11:58 a.m. on September 1, 1923, the sky and earth began to shake in the earthquake. A 7.9 magnitude earthquake hit the Kwandong region of Japan. The Modern Japan Comprehensive Annual Table, published by Iwanami Bookstore, was a disaster of the century enough to count 91,344 deaths and 464,900 houses destroyed by the earthquake. The powerless people who came from colonial Joseon amid the intended rumors of false rumors had to run around and run around in a double quagmire until the talent crisis. This is because rumors began to spread in a state of panic after the earthquake and slaughtered 6,000 to 10,000 Koreans (the number of Koreans killed is estimated to range from at least 6,000 to 20,000). Professor Kang Deok-sang, a Japanese historian, argues that the word "will beer" itself is also a distortion. A rumor refers to the so-called "Karderer Communication," which spreads from mouth to mouth with unclear origin, and at that time, the rumor was not a rumor because there was evidence that the Japanese Metropolitan Police Agency intentionally spread it. I needed a Korean scapegoat. At that time, rumors such as "Chosun people release poison in the well," "Fire robbery rape," and "Chosun people will riot." These words greatly agitated the Japanese people's public sentiment, making Koreans a common enemy of the Japanese people amid the panic of Jinjae. The people formed an organization called Jagyeongdan and slaughtered Koreans when they met them, and they were bent on searching for Koreans. Why did Japan have to spread such rumors? The social background is linked to the crisis situation in Japan in the 20s. At that time, the Japanese economy entered a recession, and the number of unemployed increased day by day. On top of that, the struggle for the rights and interests of workers farmers, such as the establishment of the Japanese Communist Party, was heightened. At this time, catastrophe was a crisis situation that could overthrow the foundation of the country. Just in time, the 2.8 Declaration of Independence and the March 1 Independence Movement deteriorated the national sentiment of the Japanese and Koreans to make Koreans victims of riots caused by genuine disaster. The earthquake and manipulated rumor Aragawa flow peacefully through the field of July. Like a blue pastel-toned observatory in the middle of the river like a flag of peace, and exercise equipment lying leisurely on the grass along the river waiting for people, and traces of blood from compatriots 70 years ago cannot be found anywhere. The time of 70 years, which has the magical power to color neither joy nor sadness in human history, is long enough to forget even nature, and there is no end to the bloody wounds of that time in today's Aragawa. Sometimes, only Koreans crossing the bridge feel strange betrayal of nature's silence and a small passion that supports their hearts.…. The massacre of Koreans came like an aftershock after the unprecedented earthquake that shook the Japanese Kwandong region. It was a more formidable aftershock than a major earthquake. On the first day of September 1923, the sky was high and blue on the way to autumn. Like one day, people came and went to busy daily life, and housewives in residential areas took their time to shake off their laundry. It was 11:58 a.m. when people who hurried lunch sat face to face in front of the table. Suddenly, the streets began to fluctuate. A 7.9 magnitude earthquake with the Sangmoman Sea as its epicenter has hit the area of Gwandong, including Tokyo, Sampo, and Sampo Peninsula, like a tsunami. The ground split and the house collapsed, and the city quickly became a sea of fire. In the aftermath of the earthquake, a tsunami occurred on the coast and even strong rain and wind blew. Tens of thousands of buildings were destroyed, causing hundreds of thousands of casualties. In particular, 과과과 and Tokyo quickly turned into a mugwort field in ruins. Institutional facilities such as telegraph, railroad, gas, electricity, and water, as well as schools, government offices, hospitals, and no single house were intact. In particular, the fire in the oven, which had just been turned on to prepare lunch, was shaken by the earthquake, and fires spread everywhere. The city became a sea of fire and covered the sky with smoke, and the fire did not extinguish for more than 18 hours and buried Tokyo's 를, which boasted the best wooden color in the East, in the ashes. About 200 patients hospitalized at Tokyo University's affiliated hospital were cremated, and in particular, 32,000 people who were evacuated to the army's cover warehouse to avoid earthquakes were burned to death. Authorities had to blow up even the remaining buildings to prevent fires. According to the Disaster Prevention Investigation Association of Jinjae-si, it is recorded that the earthquake caused 220,000 casualties, 460,000 houses, and damages reached KRW 20 billion at the time. Indeed, it was a Daejinjae that had never existed before.In this unfortunate disaster, greater misfortune was being conceived for Koreans. Soon after, it is a malicious false rumor against Koreans and the resulting massacre of Koreans. Following the Great Earthquake's Fire Sea, the two rivers, Aragawa and Sumidagawa, which formed a mountain with the bodies of Koreans and crossed Tokyo, were colored red with blood.About 300 half-naked bodies were rolling on a notice of nearly 4,500 pyeong. The two carotid arteries of the bronchial tubes and esophagus were blacked out after the neck was cut off, and the red flesh was revealed from the back, and the cut head, which showed signs of forced tearing and cutting, could not help but look away. Among them, even more spectacular was the death of a 6-month-old fetus while a young woman died and fell while her stomach was cut off. A chain and bamboo spear were stuck in the woman's register. "I couldn't stand the fact that I was Japanese".This is the witness story of a Japanese scholar who witnessed the massacre of Koreans during the Great Earthquake. Where was the cause of the human disaster that struck Koreans again in the genius of Abigyu-hwan, who swept through the Kwandong region, a victim of Japanese social unrest, buried and cremated people alive? In a city hit by an earthquake, the Japanese government was, above all, concerned about the people's riots caused by food shortages. It was the Japanese government that remembered the terrible food shortage in Japan in 1918 after the end of World War I. It was a day when ?(' soared and stock prices plunged. In addition, the earthquake was an unbearable disaster in the state of zero gravity of the regime, where even the new cabinet had not yet been established. In order to overcome this difficulty, it seemed that there was only a way to make Koreans in Japan guilty. It was a mean way to stimulate national hatred and turn the people's aggression toward the government to Koreans. So, taking advantage of the confusion, they created a script for the massacre by realizing doubts that Koreans might have conspired with what ?ists to plan a revolutionary movement. There was a reasonable background for this terrible scheme to work. Since the 20s, the Japanese business community has entered a recession and the number of unemployed has increased. The government had attributed the cause of social unrest caused by the unemployed to Koreans staying in Japan. Japanese workers who lost their jobs have been thinking of Korean workers as "the ones who take away our lifeline." On top of that, farmers' struggle for rights and interests has risen, with the establishment of the Japanese Communist Party, and feelings of confrontation between Koreans and Japan, including the 2.8 Declaration of Independence and the 3.1 Independence Movement, have risen. It was even an environment suitable for making Koreans a sinner. Who's the culprit of fabricating false rumors? Then, who was the main culprit who spread false rumors at this time? Choi Seung-man, who was the general manager of the Korean Christian Youth Association in Japan at the time of the massacre, recorded it in his memoir. At that time, the Minister of Internal Affairs was 鍊太郞,, and the General Manager of the National Police Agency was 池濃이었다이었다. Among them, 野는 was a former political general of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, and 池는 was a former police director of the Japanese Government-General of Korea and was afraid of the feelings of the Koreans. Those who were fully able to take advantage of this can guess the two." It is fully possible to guess that the rumors spread two or three hours after the earthquake and that there was an aid from officials. Rumors began circulating around 3 p.m., three hours after the earthquake. According to Daejeong Daejinhwa, which was created by the Japanese city hall, it started at 1 o'clock. The content of the will that was first circulated was "The fire on September 1st was due to the arson of the ancestors." Over time, the will became realistic as it gained weight by saying, "The September 1st fire was caused by arson or bomb throwing by ancestors who colluded with socialists? There will be attacks by ancestors." We will look at the process of escalating various rumors that antagonize Koreans between the afternoon of September 1st and 3rd.(Material: 大大大 『 『 『 『 『 『 『 『 『 『 『) - September 1st, there are many arsonists and ancestors.(around 3 p.m.) - On September 2, there will be a custom of the Buddhist ancestors. The fire on September 1 was caused by a number of bullies firing or throwing bombs (10 a.m.) The youth groups and veterans of the entire city are trying to prevent this in cooperation with the prefecture's police department due to severe violence, such as looting everywhere, insulting women, and destroying remaining buildings (2:05 p.m.). The number of ancestors invading Yokohama is about 2, 000, and they have already crossed the iron bridge of 鄕의 with guns and swords. The army is equipped with machine guns, wants to block the entrance of the ancestors, and veterans, youth members, are also dispatched to cheer for the army. Therefore, they are heading their troops toward 口 방 방 (2:05 pm). The 200 people who attacked 습 침입 invaded two villages in 原原片 and 原倉 again, went into a farmhouse, took away goods, and murdered their women (4 p.m.). The ancestors murdered a woman in the field of 見 방 (4:40 p.m.).
110 ancestors gather near the 橋 부근에 부근에 in the temple island to wield weapons, assault, and arson (5 p.m.). The ancestors planned to riot whenever they had a chance, but as the disaster broke out, they changed their plans and tried to annihilate the system by misappropriating bombs and poison prepared in advance, so it is to drink well water or eat snacks. -On September 3, about 200 sailors attacked Japan Spinning Co., Ltd. and 隅역을 Station from the direction of 鄕鄕·向 방 Island (1 a.m.). Hundreds of ancestors seem to have invaded the upper park from the direction of 鄕··湯 방 방, so evacuate quickly toward 中 방. You don't have to take your luggage with you (4 a.m. About 30 troops went to the island to suppress the riots of the ancestors (10 a.m.). The good men have been released from the police station, so quickly catch them and kill them (3:40 p.m.). A sailor put poison into a well in the city (6:30 p.m.). Be careful because there is a good man disguised as a police officer in the upper park and the burned down area (9 p.m.). The media and government constitution encouraged false rumors, so false rumors did not flow from people's mouths to mouths. It was publicly posted on the bulletin board and also known as the mouth of government officials. On September 3, the warning director of the Ministry of Home Affairs sent this question to each local minister. "Since Koreans near Tokyo are trying to use Jinjae to set fire and throw bombs to carry out bad purposes, there is a severe preference for Korean actions." Also, 14th-degree Chief of Staff 染染佐는는, a senior member of the military, said in September 7th, "Socialists and Soviet extremists are involved behind the actions." In short, there is no doubt that it was based on the triangular relationship between these three parties,' he declared. They accurately grasped the falsehood and truthfulness of the will and reported the rumors that should be reported as they were, making them believe as if they were true. For example?It is amazing to say that poison is put in each treatment well and given to the victim's children by spraying poison into the bread. (9/7 lower newspaper) '…In some villages, the first village was almost wiped out by a group of Koreans. They seem to have been making plans and looking at the timing in advance. The important building in the city now that I think about it, it seems that two lights-like tables have been stamped on the arrow (Ibaraki Newspaper 9/7) before. In addition, "2,000 people carry their arms around, hold 20 to 30 women and rape them?"The ancestors who were shot are bomb carriers? Newspaper articles such as "Those who wrap red cloth around their arms are bomb holders, and the yellow ones are poison carriers," aggravated hostility toward Koreans by carrying false rumors. At that time, most of the Koreans living in Japan were workers and other students who came to study. Most of the high school students were in trouble because people who became difficult to live on farmland due to the Japanese colonial land exploitation policy came to Japan and sold their labor at bargain prices. It is beyond common sense that Koreans, who are busy living every day, move systematically enough to armed thousands of people to face the military. Even though there could have been individual offenses in the confusion of the truth, the Korean offender at that time only carried explosives by a man named Kang Mae-mo. It was also not related to the incident. They were such Koreans who lived a docile life, let alone crime. The attitude of being arrested by the police and vigilante?Most of them seemed like workers, but there was no one like a terrible or criminal, and they walked bravely in an attitude of looking down at the world because they were dignified?It was so visible to the public. ====================================== Tadadoshitsuka, an antique dealer who obtained a completely public picture of 11 scenes of the total 11.5m Gwandong Earthquake, and Tadashitsuka, an antique collector. Since more than 30 years ago, it has been operating an antique store called Azekura on the north front of the Osaka High Court. Dada, who majored in history at university and is interested in modern Japanese history, often goes to the antique morning market to collect data. On November 25, 1996, he was touring the antique market of Kitanotenmankyu in Kyoto. There were many items from private houses burned by the Kobe earthquake, and antique vendors from all over the country gathered. The popular "Gwandong Great Earthquake scroll painting" was also shown, but it was not popular and was not sold, perhaps due to the great damage caused by the Kobe Earthquake. Dada, who found the painting at a stall, recalled the time and said, "When I unfolded the scroll, a tremendous scene appeared. My hands shook. It was recognized as a study of history that Koreans were slaughtered, but it was the first time to see the slaughter scene in person with photos or paintings. I was excited to see it as valuable data," he says. Learning from a university teacher, "Those who study history should not cover up even historical facts that they do not want to reveal," he immediately said he wanted to take them to the Osaka History Compilation Center, a history research institute, to receive emotions and disclose them. On November 11, Tada visited the Osaka Human Rights Museum with the introduction of the Osaka City History Compilation Center and explained to Keiko Nagama that it is a valuable material expressing human rights in an emergency called the Great Earthquake. In addition, it is Dongdo Daejinjae and Anrok at the end of the painting.Considering that it is recorded as Hakudo Saengsa Eosang Hyangcheonjinchosa in mid-March of the 13th year of this show, Dongdo Daejinjae and Anrok are the title of the painting, "Daisho 13th month of the year of completion" and "Hakudo Saengsaengdo" in the year (1924). Based on the investigation of Hakyewon Keiko Nakama, an investigation of scroll paintings including writers began. "I headed to Tokyo on November 17 amid a strong investigation wandering in the clouds. I visited institutions that are collecting research and research data on the Kwandong earthquake. The Tokyo Official Documentary Office found that the scene depicted in the painting was currently near Goto-gu, Tokyo, and that the scene depicted in scroll paintings was also depicted in the collection of writings painted by children who suffered disasters at the time. At the Tokyo Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, I didn't know about painter Hakudo, but I was surprised to see the real-life rights of Katayamananppu in the 13th collection of modern Japanese scroll paintings. However, in Katayama Nanppu's painting, Jagyeongdan appeared, but no Koreans were drawn." The only clue was the name of Chiba's earthenware, without the artist's clue. I inquired by phone to a temple near the earthenware, speculating that it was drawn by a religious official because the statue of Guanyin was painted. In Bonsusa Temple, there is a Painting of Heavenly Women drawn before and after the war, and the artist was different." "I got off Chiba's earthenware and went to the library, but unfortunately, it was closed, so I went to the public building next to it. He explained the details to Sadou, an employee, and asked if there was an artist named Hakudo around 1923. He contacted here and there over the phone and introduced a local person who knew Hakudo. After that, Director Ikeda continued to investigate and outline. One month after the investigation, I could only meet the bereaved family and hear the story of the painter, who was later renamed Kahara Hakudo." The painter Hakudo Gaya, painted an earthquake experience at the age of 27, and his real name is Takeo. Born on February 18, 1896 in Ayuda-gun, Kagawa Prefecture, and died on May 10, 1951 at the age of 54. After serving as an elementary school teacher, he came to Seoul around the age of 20 and studied Japanese painter Tamon Yamauchi. When living in earthenware, Aho is Hakudo. After moving, he changed his name to Goku. Hakudo, 27, who lived near Shinjuku, Tokyo at the time of the earthquake, said he had to move to a relative's house of Chibashi earthenware and record the earthquake he experienced himself, according to the bereaved family. There is also a picture of Baekdusan Mountain drawn on a sketch trip to Joseon. Hakudo is said to have been a person who liked drinking and had a wide range of relationships with many people with a strong personality, and was indifferent to world greed such as money. The official name of the painting is Dongdo Daejinjae and Anrok. In the 45cm wide and 11.5m long painting, the situation near Godoku and Sumida-gu in Tokyo immediately after the earthquake is depicted in detail over 11 scenes. Initially, the Guanyin Bodhisattva, who saves the bad luck of mankind and rescues humans, is depicted (Figure 1). Then, people looking for parents and relatives with signs looking for people (Figure 2), people sitting on the side of the road with blankets after losing their houses (Figure 3), a scene of the massacre of Koreans organized by Japanese swords and bamboo clubs (Figure 4), and a scene of Korean men and women in jeogori (Figure 5) and social service. On the denomination, it is written as "Daisho, September 1, 12th, 11:52 a.m. Tokyo, the Great Earthquake in Kwandong, is a big fire" (Figure 7). The canvas depicts people at the time of the earthquake in detail, including the appearance of a carriage (Figure 8), a means of transportation immediately after the earthquake (Figure 9), cremation, and a funeral performed by a monk (Figure 10).
110 ancestors gather near the 橋 부근에 부근에 in the temple island to wield weapons, assault, and arson (5 p.m.). The ancestors planned to riot whenever they had a chance, but as the disaster broke out, they changed their plans and tried to annihilate the system by misappropriating bombs and poison prepared in advance, so it is to drink well water or eat snacks. -On September 3, about 200 sailors attacked Japan Spinning Co., Ltd. and 隅역을 Station from the direction of 鄕鄕·向 방 Island (1 a.m.). Hundreds of ancestors seem to have invaded the upper park from the direction of 鄕··湯 방 방, so evacuate quickly toward 中 방. You don't have to take your luggage with you (4 a.m. About 30 troops went to the island to suppress the riots of the ancestors (10 a.m.). The good men have been released from the police station, so quickly catch them and kill them (3:40 p.m.). A sailor put poison into a well in the city (6:30 p.m.). Be careful because there is a good man disguised as a police officer in the upper park and the burned down area (9 p.m.). The media and government constitution encouraged false rumors, so false rumors did not flow from people's mouths to mouths. It was publicly posted on the bulletin board and also known as the mouth of government officials. On September 3, the warning director of the Ministry of Home Affairs sent this question to each local minister. "Since Koreans near Tokyo are trying to use Jinjae to set fire and throw bombs to carry out bad purposes, there is a severe preference for Korean actions." Also, 14th-degree Chief of Staff 染染佐는는, a senior member of the military, said in September 7th, "Socialists and Soviet extremists are involved behind the actions." In short, there is no doubt that it was based on the triangular relationship between these three parties,' he declared. They accurately grasped the falsehood and truthfulness of the will and reported the rumors that should be reported as they were, making them believe as if they were true. For example?It is amazing to say that poison is put in each treatment well and given to the victim's children by spraying poison into the bread. (9/7 lower newspaper) '…In some villages, the first village was almost wiped out by a group of Koreans. They seem to have been making plans and looking at the timing in advance. The important building in the city now that I think about it, it seems that two lights-like tables have been stamped on the arrow (Ibaraki Newspaper 9/7) before. In addition, "2,000 people carry their arms around, hold 20 to 30 women and rape them?"The ancestors who were shot are bomb carriers? Newspaper articles such as "Those who wrap red cloth around their arms are bomb holders, and the yellow ones are poison carriers," aggravated hostility toward Koreans by carrying false rumors. At that time, most of the Koreans living in Japan were workers and other students who came to study. Most of the high school students were in trouble because people who became difficult to live on farmland due to the Japanese colonial land exploitation policy came to Japan and sold their labor at bargain prices. It is beyond common sense that Koreans, who are busy living every day, move systematically enough to armed thousands of people to face the military. Even though there could have been individual offenses in the confusion of the truth, the Korean offender at that time only carried explosives by a man named Kang Mae-mo. It was also not related to the incident. They were such Koreans who lived a docile life, let alone crime. The attitude of being arrested by the police and vigilante?Most of them seemed like workers, but there was no one like a terrible or criminal, and they walked bravely in an attitude of looking down at the world because they were dignified?It was so visible to the public. ====================================== Tadadoshitsuka, an antique dealer who obtained a completely public picture of 11 scenes of the total 11.5m Gwandong Earthquake, and Tadashitsuka, an antique collector. Since more than 30 years ago, it has been operating an antique store called Azekura on the north front of the Osaka High Court. Dada, who majored in history at university and is interested in modern Japanese history, often goes to the antique morning market to collect data. On November 25, 1996, he was touring the antique market of Kitanotenmankyu in Kyoto. There were many items from private houses burned by the Kobe earthquake, and antique vendors from all over the country gathered. The popular "Gwandong Great Earthquake scroll painting" was also shown, but it was not popular and was not sold, perhaps due to the great damage caused by the Kobe Earthquake. Dada, who found the painting at a stall, recalled the time and said, "When I unfolded the scroll, a tremendous scene appeared. My hands shook. It was recognized as a study of history that Koreans were slaughtered, but it was the first time to see the slaughter scene in person with photos or paintings. I was excited to see it as valuable data," he says. Learning from a university teacher, "Those who study history should not cover up even historical facts that they do not want to reveal," he immediately said he wanted to take them to the Osaka History Compilation Center, a history research institute, to receive emotions and disclose them. On November 11, Tada visited the Osaka Human Rights Museum with the introduction of the Osaka City History Compilation Center and explained to Keiko Nagama that it is a valuable material expressing human rights in an emergency called the Great Earthquake. In addition, it is Dongdo Daejinjae and Anrok at the end of the painting.Considering that it is recorded as Hakudo Saengsa Eosang Hyangcheonjinchosa in mid-March of the 13th year of this show, Dongdo Daejinjae and Anrok are the title of the painting, "Daisho 13th month of the year of completion" and "Hakudo Saengsaengdo" in the year (1924). Based on the investigation of Hakyewon Keiko Nakama, an investigation of scroll paintings including writers began. "I headed to Tokyo on November 17 amid a strong investigation wandering in the clouds. I visited institutions that are collecting research and research data on the Kwandong earthquake. The Tokyo Official Documentary Office found that the scene depicted in the painting was currently near Goto-gu, Tokyo, and that the scene depicted in scroll paintings was also depicted in the collection of writings painted by children who suffered disasters at the time. At the Tokyo Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, I didn't know about painter Hakudo, but I was surprised to see the real-life rights of Katayamananppu in the 13th collection of modern Japanese scroll paintings. However, in Katayama Nanppu's painting, Jagyeongdan appeared, but no Koreans were drawn." The only clue was the name of Chiba's earthenware, without the artist's clue. I inquired by phone to a temple near the earthenware, speculating that it was drawn by a religious official because the statue of Guanyin was painted. In Bonsusa Temple, there is a Painting of Heavenly Women drawn before and after the war, and the artist was different." "I got off Chiba's earthenware and went to the library, but unfortunately, it was closed, so I went to the public building next to it. He explained the details to Sadou, an employee, and asked if there was an artist named Hakudo around 1923. He contacted here and there over the phone and introduced a local person who knew Hakudo. After that, Director Ikeda continued to investigate and outline. One month after the investigation, I could only meet the bereaved family and hear the story of the painter, who was later renamed Kahara Hakudo." The painter Hakudo Gaya, painted an earthquake experience at the age of 27, and his real name is Takeo. Born on February 18, 1896 in Ayuda-gun, Kagawa Prefecture, and died on May 10, 1951 at the age of 54. After serving as an elementary school teacher, he came to Seoul around the age of 20 and studied Japanese painter Tamon Yamauchi. When living in earthenware, Aho is Hakudo. After moving, he changed his name to Goku. Hakudo, 27, who lived near Shinjuku, Tokyo at the time of the earthquake, said he had to move to a relative's house of Chibashi earthenware and record the earthquake he experienced himself, according to the bereaved family. There is also a picture of Baekdusan Mountain drawn on a sketch trip to Joseon. Hakudo is said to have been a person who liked drinking and had a wide range of relationships with many people with a strong personality, and was indifferent to world greed such as money. The official name of the painting is Dongdo Daejinjae and Anrok. In the 45cm wide and 11.5m long painting, the situation near Godoku and Sumida-gu in Tokyo immediately after the earthquake is depicted in detail over 11 scenes. Initially, the Guanyin Bodhisattva, who saves the bad luck of mankind and rescues humans, is depicted (Figure 1). Then, people looking for parents and relatives with signs looking for people (Figure 2), people sitting on the side of the road with blankets after losing their houses (Figure 3), a scene of the massacre of Koreans organized by Japanese swords and bamboo clubs (Figure 4), and a scene of Korean men and women in jeogori (Figure 5) and social service. On the denomination, it is written as "Daisho, September 1, 12th, 11:52 a.m. Tokyo, the Great Earthquake in Kwandong, is a big fire" (Figure 7). The canvas depicts people at the time of the earthquake in detail, including the appearance of a carriage (Figure 8), a means of transportation immediately after the earthquake (Figure 9), cremation, and a funeral performed by a monk (Figure 10).
Ildong called for hooray.-(one year of high school.) Female) …It was actually 11 o'clock. With the brave trumpet sound, the bell rang and alarm rang. After a while, the gunshots vibrated with the sound of "The Koreans are coming in with pistols, so everyone fighting." I remembered in my mind that it was 'conviction'. However, there is no appearance of Koreans coming, and the trumpet sound is quiet, and silence only flows. Finally, I learned that it was a rumor. The night of fear has come. About 100 Koreans were confined and escorted to dozens of soldiers. Last night's gunfire was a fear to catch these ancestors.-(second year of high school )) …On the way, a black burnt body, a floating body in the water, and a place killing Koreans...I saw a miserable scene that could not be written in writing. In the middle of the night that day, I heard two pistol sounds with the sound of "there is a Korean."- (5th year of elementary school) was also worried that Koreans put poison in streams and wells. However, it was fine water, so I drank it and cooked rice. After that, I saw about 10 Koreans. There was a stream of blood.-(4 years in elementary school) On the morning of the 3rd, on the way home from evacuation, I heard a loud sound of "kill and kill" as I passed in front of the police box. When I asked what was going on, he said, "I was caught because a Korean did something bad." We arrived at our house in Azabu. They set up emergency lines everywhere and caught them all if they appeared to be Koreans.-(Five years in elementary school) The description of Koreans doing bad things was not noticeable at all in the composition. However, "The Koreans..."It was just an indirect message or a record of rumors, such as "There was a rumor that Koreans were coming in with handguns." On the contrary, the horrors of Japanese killing Koreans or Koreans are expressions of the scenes they saw with their own eyes. The "Korean Hunting" began in the morning of the 2nd after rumors spread that Koreans in the Korean search team, who even joined the prisoners, were walking around arson. Near Yokohama, there was a Yokohama prison called "장별 villa?" 7,800 assistants were released after the earthquake damaged the concrete wall of the prison. They also joined the investigation team that caught Koreans. Are they Koreans who search the neighborhood thoroughly?I did an all-night? The bodies of Koreans hung from the branches of cherry blossom trees lined up on the banks of 本橋의. It was a nest of more than 200 trees planted in commemoration of heaven. The living person hung and lynched, and the dead broke the string and dropped the body into the water. Hundreds of bodies piled up in the river, turning the green current red until yesterday. The death penalty by the village search team continued until more than five days. These self-cultivating members did not stop at finding and killing Koreans on the streets or in their homes. Even those temporarily protected in the detention center were slaughtered. Gunma Prefecture Police Station was protecting 14 Koreans employed by Kashimagumi, a construction company, at the request of the company. However, when he heard the rumor, the representative of the vigilante ran to the police station and shouted for the Koreans to be handed over. Four or five police officers said they would decide when the chief came, but the crowd insisted on handing it over immediately. In the end, more than 200 vigilante members and crowds flocked to make a fuss, then destroyed the detention center and killed all 14 Koreans. About 10 people were killed in the same way in the detention center of the 居町 경찰서 police station. On September 4th, a Korean who was caught by the vigilante in Negicho, Yokohama, was mistaken for the cold medicine he had on his body as a poison and was tied up next to the police box and killed. This slaughter on the grounds of the police station is not understood by common sense. Nevertheless, it cannot but be said that the police did not strongly restrain it and took a position to virtually condone and aid it. The bodies were loaded into a truck, and the massacre of Koreans was not carried out only by vigilante groups or police. In order to maintain security, the army that entered downtown Tokyo also joined. At the time of Jinjae, he was an apprentice to the Narashino cavalry, who had been stationed in Tokyo shortly after the martial law was declared, recalled the time like this. "In the train, refugees sat densely like flies on coal, and all the Koreans in the middle were dragged down. Then, he stabbed and killed with a knife and a bayonet. Then, the Japanese refugees shouted, "Wow," and shouted, "Let's kill all the national Koreans," and the most representative of the military massacre was the slaughter of 320 Koreans at the Kamay Police Station between the night of September 2 and the dawn of September 3. At the time, 丸山san, who works at this police station, said, "I saw 86 Joseon people shooting and cutting and killing with guns and knives." Soldiers came into the smokearms and began shooting. Then the conductor ordered people to kill him with a knife because the sound of the gun would cause fear. The soldiers all pulled out their swords and began to kill people, and the bodies were carried somewhere in freight cars the next morning, he recalled. The Japanese 一島은 reportedly saw three or four patrols at the 경찰경찰 police station loading oil and firewood into their trucks early on September 4, the next day. When I asked where they were going, police officers said, "Are you picking up the dead?"I said, "Dead people?" and he said, "I stayed up all night yesterday, and there were 32 people. He said, "I'm burning it quickly because foreigners are coming to Seoul." It was a police officer named 一一 who knew well with 島京. In addition, a former railroad engineer said he saw 1,200 Korean corpses under Sumidagawa's old bridge. During the earthquake, no accurate investigation was conducted on how many Koreans were slaughtered by troops, police, and vigilante in the Gwandong area. It was difficult to grasp the number in the chaotic situation of Jinjae, and the Japanese side took a passive attitude toward the investigation of the massacre, saying they had accepted it to protect Koreans. Later, when the massacre of Koreans became a problem, the Japanese government reluctantly glossed over the hundreds of people. However, at the end of September of that year, the "Lee Jae-dong Peasant Consolation Team," which consisted of about 20 people, was triggered by the Joseon Christian Youth Association, Cheondogyo Youth Association, and the 星會會 등 in Tokyo, estimated the number of victims to be around 5,000. At that time, about 30,000 Koreans lived in Tokyo and Yokohama, and 22,420 people were estimated to be victims, excluding 7,580 survivors who were accommodated in various places immediately after the disaster. However, since this number could not be identified as a corpse, the number of missing people was 5,000. In December of the same year, a more detailed survey by independent newspaper correspondent Kim Seung-hak and Korean students revealed 6,661 people, which was published in December of the independent newspaper. ============================================= Due to rumors, numerous Koreans were killed between September 1 and 3. Was there any evil behavior of the Koreans as they spread it? At that time, most of the Koreans who came to Japan were in poverty. Most of the lower class people came to Japan with the will to live in southern women's universities because they could not make a living in their hometown due to the Japanese land exploitation reform. It is difficult to think that they, who were in a hurry to make ends meet, had enough economic capacity to get bombs and time to organize enough to form an army. Therefore, the propaganda spread by the Japanese police at the time was only a ridiculous plot. There are many facts that support this. Japan's fire brigade headquarters made the following announcement through Tokyo 日聞聞 on September 6. There was no arson. There are 23 places where the fire brigade extinguished the fire, but there was no arson. In addition, it was said that Koreans marked the place where the bombs were to be thrown in chalk, which was marked by cleaning company workers, newspaper deliverymen, and milk deliverymen for their convenience.' Among this article, the words of the mayor of Gyeongsi are also cited. It is true that the victims were excited like crazy people when rumors of assault on Koreans spread amid unstable circumstances. One example is that Koreans carry bombs, so when I looked into it, it was an apple. In addition, there are cases where young vigilante misunderstood the housewife for arson oil and accused her of being a Joseon person of dipping cotton in a washbasin. There are many cases where police dispatched after reporting that there was evil behavior of Koreans. The responsibility for atrocities has gradually become a problem since the massacre of the most influential Koreans, the source of rumors of war punishment. Then there were some theories about the source of the rumor. There are as many as 10 types of crimes released from Yokohama Prison, including looting, insults, arson, and medication, which were misrepresented by the Joseon people, conspiracy theories spread by the Ministry of Home Affairs and the National Police Agency, kameido theory, warlord theory, and Mae. Among them, the most likely argument is the "warlord theory." In other words, warlords intended to recover their public sentiment and return the public sentiment to their side at the same time by strategically setting up a virtual enemy force to strain the public sentiment and preempt the rebellion. By the time of the earthquake, the international political situation was very unstable. When Prime Minister 藤 수, who had been ill for a long time, died on August 24, the cabinet resigned altogether on the 26th, and the warlord 本權가 was appointed as the successor prime minister. Ahead of the emergence of the 本 내각 cabinet due to the Siemens incident, the distrust of the political world and the people was so strong that any political crisis was likely to occur soon. Meanwhile, the 은 내각 Cabinet decided to hold an inauguration ceremony on September 1. August 29 was the anniversary of the merger between Korea and Japan, and September 2 was the International Youth Day, and there was information that there would be a rally and demonstration. Therefore, the police were on emergency alert and were setting up measures to arrest the inspection in preparation for September 1. Upon meeting such a great earthquake, the ruling parties were, above all, afraid of riots by the people. Eventually, the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Metropolitan Police Agency manipulated and distributed rumors of riots against Koreans as a scheme to alleviate public dissatisfaction caused by the disaster.
Thus, "There is a Korean near Tokyo who uses Jinjae to set fire to various places, spray oil, and set fire to achieve a bad purpose..."Each place conducted sufficient careful inspections and notified local police of instructions such as "I hope there will be a strict crackdown on the behavior of Koreans." According to such instructions from the upper part, police officers went around in person to strengthen vigilance against Koreans and instruct the vigilance group organization. In this way, malicious rumors spread at once. There is no time difference and simple rumors limited to Koreans show differences in content depending on region and time. However, there was little time difference in the distribution of false rumors at that time because of the mobilization of full-body, telephone, and wireless. The target was also limited to Koreans. There are several evidence to support information manipulation by government organizations, especially the Ministry of Home Affairs. On September 2, Zaro Sidamagen, the Director of Home Affairs, notifies each director of the riots of the Buddhist ancestors and socialists. The content is that groups with bullish ancestors and violent ideas are trying to show the power of the eagle, and the officials say that they should work with the youth groups of the Veterans Association to take appropriate measures in case of emergency. According to this official document, it can be seen that there was an outcast by the authorities on September 1st or at the latest on the morning of the 2nd. This means that there was an internal affair by the Ministry of Home Affairs before September 2nd and 3rd, when rumors began to spread in large quantities. In addition, when the massacre became a problem after Jinjae passed, the police began to investigate some of the vigilante members who committed atrocities. Then, the vigilante general alliance strongly protested the transfer of responsibility to the police. When they see Koreans in protest, it is okay to kill them, and if they are the "main person", it does not matter if they hit them. Who was the one who propagated that they carried weapons and were doing all kinds of evil, including murder, robbery, insults, and arson, everywhere? Authorities are promoting this as a robbery in Yokohama, but it was the conquering police officer who directly delivered it to us...Regarding the source of the rumor, the police revealed that it was the source of the rumor, shouting, "What is the reason for the authorities to pass on the responsibility to the public without taking it?" Who was the one who manipulated false propaganda? On the dragon's ship, it was compressed into two people, Mizunorentaro and 池濃 두, the inner god. Mizuno's internal affairs minister was the general manager of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, and 池경시, the mayor-general of the city, were both people with experience in suppressing the March 1st Movement by force. They lost hope for relief after looking around downtown Tokyo on the night of September 1 and seeing tens of thousands of victims gathering in Ueno Park and Shiba Park in front of Gungseong to seek water and food. And as socialist trends prevailed, they were concerned that they would riot. Martial law must be declared to prevent riots, but martial law declaration was illegal without riots or civil war. Here, they come up with strategies to alleviate public dissatisfaction. If you look in the Korean dictionary, it says that "the will beer" is a "popular rumor that has spread without any grounds." The meaning is the same in the Japanese dictionary. It is clear that the cause of the indiscriminate murder of Koreans during the earthquake was chosen as a victim to overcome Japan's difficulties. The rumor spread on the basis of evidence, not 'widespread without evidence. Therefore, Japan's attitude, which defines the massacre of Koreans at the time as a situation based on rumors, is a word of evasion of responsibility and at the same time another "distortion of history." ================================================== After the massacre typhoon of Koreans, the incident began to become a problem. If only Koreans had been killed, it could have been passed over, but there were many Japanese who were killed because their faces were similar to those of Koreans. He killed him because he thought he was a Korean, but since murder is a murder, he has no choice but to hold a trial, and the motive for murder comes out during the trial. It will be revealed that the atrocities committed by natural authorities' instructions and propaganda, which are cornered by government authorities. As the murder issue emerged, a large number of vigilante groups who committed the atrocities were arrested. However, the police showed an attitude to pass the responsibility on to the vigilante by condoning their arrest. However, angry at the attitude, the vigilante federation issued a resolution, revealing that the cause of the vigilante's atrocities was encouraged by "conquerable government constitution." The resolution criticizes the authorities for trying to pass on the source of false rumors to the public without responsibility, leaving the vigilante's assault unattended when necessary, and only asking about the assault of vigilante members. Academia is also openly interrogating by posting an article titled "Asking for a clear answer from the police constitution." The Doctor of Law is asking up to five questions on behalf of citizens' suspicions. The content is about the spread of ▲ will be spread by the police by propagating car posters and eloquents, avoiding responsibility for ignoring citizens' sightings and failing to suppress the riot, ▲ assault by police and military is known, and his three anarchist actions. The parliament is also criticizing the acquiescence of the government for failing to report the slaughter of innocent and hopeless Koreans. Control of nursery rhymes in Joseon This fact gradually began to become known belatedly in Joseon. On September 5, Japanese international students from Japan held a rally to confirm the life and death of international students, and the Korean-Japanese relatives held a competition to resolve the survey. The Governor-General strictly monitored through each police station, and strengthened control to prevent media such as Dong-A and Joseon from reporting the truth of the massacre. In addition, the police authorities, concerned about the agitation of public sentiment, strengthened their vigilance and crackdown, and announced the crackdown on false rumors on September 7. As a result, 1,317 people were arrested for violating laws and regulations during the two months of September and October. As agitation or reprimand for the massacre emerged in Korea and Japan, Japan urgently issued a statement saying, "Don't assault Koreans recklessly," as part of its impeachment, and set up camps for Koreans to rescue survivors. Thus, about 7,500 Koreans were accommodated in the 志野,, 경경 racetracks, 會,,,, and the supervisory department of international students in the Government-General. However, the Japanese government vaguely concealed the facts of the massacre, rather interfering with group activities such as the Free Law Group, which tried to investigate the facts without being responsible for the will and slaughter. As long as the innocent damage of Koreans became clear, at least the number of victims, soldiers, police, and vigilante groups should have clarified who the killer was, how to kill, how to punish the killer, and how to compensate the killer. However, Japan did not show a responsible attitude toward these issues. In Japan, which celebrates the 70th anniversary of the Great Kwandong Earthquake on September 1st, although it is prevented by disaster prevention, a massive disaster prevention training is conducted every year. As if reflecting on the nightmare of that time, it is a virtual play in which fire trucks run and evacuate while ringing emergency sirens. However, how much do they know about the unfair spirits of the dead Koreans? Genius can be avoided by disaster prevention, but how will they cope with the talent they will commit? Thorough investigation of the case and responsibility accordingly will be the only way to prevent other talents. However, they are immersed in training to prevent only geniuses every year and close their eyes to the massacre of Koreans at that time. Only a few organizations and individuals are soothing the souls of the sacrificed Koreans. The spirits wandering around Gucheon Stream will be able to properly reveal their deaths and rest in peace only from the conscientious atonement of those who killed them. A small monument stands on the middle of Kubosan Mountain in Kanagawa City, Japan. Ishibashi, an 8-year-old boy who was a sophomore in elementary school during the earthquake and the massacre of Koreans. On the way to the earthquake evacuation following his father, he witnessed the massacre of Koreans in the middle of Gubosan Mountain. I saw a Joseon boy my age dead after being egged by a bamboo spear with his hands tied to a utility pole. After that, the boy bought the land at the site of the incident in Gubosan Mountain and spent his own money to build a small memorial stone. On the back of the rain?An inscription saying, "Is it erected by a citizen who witnessed the death of a Joseon boy?" is engraved. After witnessing the death of a desperate Korean boy, he turned 78 this year. He has always thought. Many Japanese people are silent even though they slaughtered innocent Koreans with their own hands and witnessed the scene with their own eyes. But closing your mouth does not keep your conscience shut.
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