World Heritage Site: Hwangnyongsa Temple Site in Gyeongju

 According to the excavation year and excavation institution of Hwangnyongsa Temple Site, 1976-1983; According to the Gyeongju Red Excavation Team of the Cultural Heritage Research Institute, King Jinheung ascended the throne at the age of 7 and made a new palace in the east of Wolseong at the age of 21. Hwangnyongsa Temple, which began to be built in 553, was built in 569 with a stone wall, and the construction of the temple was completed. After that, in 574, more than six main Buddhas and three gilt-bronze Buddha Triad were made, and Geumdang was built 10 years later in 584 (6th year of King Jinpyeong). After that, Queen Seondeok built a nine-story pagoda at the recommendation of the high priest, who returned from studying in the Tang Dynasty, and at that time invited Abiji, a Baekje engineer, to complete the 80-meter-high nine-story wooden pagoda in 645.    In 1012 of King Heonjong of Goryeo, the upper part of the wooden pagoda site and the wooden pagoda site of Geumdangji, Simchoseok, was demolished and the nine-story pagoda was repaired with wood. Hwangnyongsa Temple, which had been protected by Buddhism since King Jinheung's reign, has been used as a private house and cultivated land after being burned down during the Mongol invasion in 1238 (the 25th year of King Gojong's reign).   After that, during the Japanese colonial period, its importance was recognized by Japanese scholars, and research was conducted through literature and surface observation, while passive but protective measures were also prepared.   After liberation, on January 21, 1962, the Ministry of Education designated Hwangnyongsa Temple Site as Historic Site No. 6, and in 1969, a simple excavation survey was conducted on some of the auditorium sites to reveal the size of Hwangnyongsa Temple.    The Gyeongju Archives of the Cultural Heritage Administration launched an excavation investigation from June to December 1983 as the government's Gyeongju Tourism Comprehensive Development Plan included plans to excavate and turn Silla's Unification Park.   Before the excavation, Hwangnyongsa Temple Site was built with rice paddies and private houses to form a village in Guhwang-dong, Gyeongju. For this reason, the remains of the temple site for a long time were used as building materials for private houses and the temple site was continuously being destroyed by cultivation.    As a result of excavation and investigation of Hwangnyongsa Temple Site (Wonjino Temple Site) (Chukdae Exposure Site), the original Hwangnyongsa Temple fence was 288m east-west and 281m north-south, 80,928m," and it was found that the swamp was originally reclaimed to prepare the site.   It has been confirmed that the temple's building arrangement is based on the so-called one-top-style Garam arrangement, in which the main gate, pagoda, gold hall, and auditorium are arranged north and south, and the bell tower and Gyeongru were built symmetrically in front of the tower. In addition, it was revealed that independent buildings were placed on the left and right sides of the auditorium, and it was confirmed that the corridors provided in the east, west, north, and south were not connected to each other and were independent.   As a result, it was revealed that the layout of Hwangnyongsa Temple was a completely different form from what had been vaguely estimated so far. In other words, the contents of the Garam arrangement investigated and published by a Japanese scholar in 1930 were argued that the corridor was long north-south and short east-west rectangular, and the pagoda and the Geumdang were placed north-south. However, through excavation, there are Samgeumdang, Jongru, and Gyeongru inside the corridor, which is close to a square rather than a rectangle, so contrary to Japanese scholars, it was found to be a unique Garam form of Silla. In addition, excavation and investigation revealed that this temple was the largest temple in the East, and in particular, the old pagoda was 80m high and clearly revealed that the best wooden structure in the East existed in Hwangnyongsa Temple.    As many as 40,000 artifacts were excavated from the 872 silver box and the silver originally patterned joint earthquake zone of Geumdong Sarinaeham (Hwangnyongsa Wood Pagoda Site), and among the eddy currents made and used throughout each era, Bojanghwamunjeon Hall, which has not been excavated so far.   As for metals, gilt-bronze Buddha statues, wind tables, gilt-bronze earrings, and bronze mirrors were collected, of which one standing gilt-bronze Buddha statue is only 10cm high, but its sculptural technology is excellent, plating is very brilliant, and shape is considered a representative sculpture of the Unified Silla period.    Gold bronze standing gilt-bronze gilt-bronze thick ring earrings, gold-bronze embossed gilt-bronze gilt-bronze gilt-bronze gilt-bronze gilt-bronze mirror, and a small jar of white porcelain recovered under the Simcho stone of the wooden pagoda site were found to be a good source of cultural exchange at the Tang Dynasty.    In addition to the white porcelain jar, the large Chimi, 182cm high and 105cm wide, can be said to be the largest Chimi in the East, where no such size has been found in Japan or China, and you can guess the grandeur of the building where these chimi was used.     In addition to these surveys, the excavation of Hwangnyongsa Temple Site set a record of excavation of a historic site for eight years (now the excavation of Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan has been broken for 15 years), and it has since been a sample of excavation of building sites.   In addition, in order to safely move 30 tons of core stones, only three 100-ton cranes were mobilized in Korea at the time, and about 100 private houses were lost due to excavations.  Based on the results of these excavations and literature data, it was revealed that Hwangnyongsa Temple was the home of Silla's largest national protection and royal court. The location conditions are designed to be located at the center of the royal palace by connecting the summit of Myeonghwalsan Mountain in Dong, Seondosan Mountain in the west, Geumgangsan Mountain in the north, and Namsan Mountain in Nam-myeon to the east, west, north, and south.  With the completion of the nine-story wooden pagoda in 654 and the appearance of the old age in the face of Chimi, the formalization of Hwangnyongsa Temple is being prepared, and it is noteworthy that the ideological content is based on Milgyo.   On the other hand, Hwangnyongsa Temple was built to meet the demands of a more convincing ideological system to establish royal authority by connecting a wide range of aristocrats and local families, and considering the situation around Silla at the time, it is considered a temple in desperate need of a series of military actions.