The Goryeo Revolutionary Military Justice Council went to Cheetah and met Rapin, the commander-in-chief of the Wondong government, and received a commitment to guarantee and sponsor the activities of independent forces in Noryeong. Material support was secured through docomintern. However, in 1921, Japan obtained information from the old age that independent forces were eager to secure weapons and conduct military training, and pressured the Wondong government to dismantle these armed groups. After the success of the Soviet Revolution, the Wondong government, which needed to maintain diplomatic friendly relations with Japan, eventually decided to move the independent forces after the free city disaster and notified them of their movement by Ilksk. The Goryeo Revolutionary Military Justice Council offered conditions to the independent military leaders of Manchuria to move to Ilksk, arm themselves again, and further support the construction of military schools to foster military talent. Accordingly, the leaders of the Manchurian Independence Army decided to concentrate on fostering troops, which would be a period of the anti-Japanese independence war, in Ilksk until the opportunity matured, and moved 1,745 independent troops to Ilkskk on August 5. This force was organized into one brigade and entered the unit under the jurisdiction of the 5th Soviet Corps. On October 28, the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy was established in the brigade, and Ji Cheong-cheon was inaugurated as the principal, Chae-young as the first company commander, Kim Seung-bin as the second company commander, Kim Seung-cheon, Chae-young, and Kim Seung-bin as the instructor, and Lee Ji-ho as the principal. Lee Ji-taek, who also served as a member of the 1st Company's military government committee at the time, recalled Ji Cheong-cheon's appearance at the inauguration ceremony of the principal of the Korea Revolutionary Military Academy as follows. "On a snowy day in November, Ji Cheong-cheon's inauguration ceremony was held. When I was appointed as a military government member of the 1st Company of the Military Academy and was with Chaeyoung, the commander of the company, or on the day of Ji's inauguration speech, it snowed too much and ended briefly. Principal Ji, a graduate of the Japanese Military Academy, gave a stuttering speech one after another, holding back Japanese from trying to pop out of his mouth, but stuttering and speaking one by one seemed rather dignified as a soldier." The military academy had about 200 cadets and six months of training. In addition to the establishment of a military school, Ji Cheongcheon organized a specialized military department within the military school to cultivate military talent in each specialized field. Thus, in early November, the artillery department and the liaison department were established, and a series of cavalry, infantry, medical officers and nurses, liaison units, weapons manufacturing apprentices, and music colleges were established to spur professional training. The Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy was a military school established to cultivate competent military talents to liberate their homeland through the Battle against Japan. Therefore, Jicheongcheon emphasized the promotion of the national spirit toward cadets and emphasized 50% of the school subjects on national history education. The training conditions at that time were the worst. First of all, the cold in Siberia bothered the independent forces, and moreover, Russia's famine, which reached its peak, even messed up the food supply. In many cases, barley tea boiled twice a day or a bowl of porridge was served. A number of cadets collapsed during training due to malnutrition. However, under the guidance of Ji Cheong-cheon, the cadets of the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy armed their mental strength and devoted themselves to military training while overcoming these difficulties. He overcame all kinds of difficulties with the desire to become an unknown warrior who made his country independent in the upcoming large-scale anti-Japanese war. Independent military officials such as Hong Beom-do, Choreography, Hwang Ha-il, and Ji Cheong-cheon, who were stationed in Ilksk, and soldiers of the Independent Army had high expectations for military education at the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy. If many military personnel were cultured through long-term education, it was their hope to go to Manchuria with weapons and start a war of independence. However, the objective situation was developing unfavorably. First of all, as the Soviet Union and Japan approached diplomaticly, the attitude of the Soviet authorities began to change. At that time, the Lenin regime attempted a diplomatic compromise with the Japanese side with the government of the Far East to conclude friendly negotiations between the two countries with the aim of complete withdrawal of Japanese troops in Siberia. However, the negotiations of Daeryeon broke down because Japan strongly insisted on disarming the Goryeo Revolutionary Corps stationed in Ilksk. Afterwards, the Soviet Union changed its conventional policy to decide on the movement of the Ilksk Goryeo Revolutionary Corps and negotiated again in Tianjin to succeed. Accordingly, there has been a rich theory in the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy that it will return to the Far East Republic in the near future. However, the most problematic thing was the confrontation between the nationalist position that existed in the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy and the communist position influenced by the Soviet Union. At that time, Koreans who were in old age tried to smoothly carry out the independence movement with the support of communism or the elderly farming government. Therefore, communism itself was not an end, but a means of providing favorable conditions for independence of Joseon. In the case of Koreans advocating communism, the nationalist position was emphasized, but the intensity of nationalism was stronger for the Manchurian independent army, which was not advocating communism but was in a nationalist position. Therefore, due to the ideology of education, it may have been natural to confront the Soviet Union's coercion to insist on Bolshevikization first. In May 1922, under these internal conflicts, an incident occurred in which military school cadets tried to escape, and Ji Cheong-cheon was arrested by the 5th Corps' Political Security Department. Here, after suffering from the enemy forces, he was released once under the guarantee of Brigade General Oh Ha-mook, but six students were arrested in connection with the escape plan case. Ji Cheong-cheon was no longer able to neglect the Bolshevikization of the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy, so he protested to the leaders of the 5th Corps and was arrested along with instructors such as Chaeyoung and Oh Kwang-sun. The actions of the enemy authorities soon led to strong protests from the old independence movement, and the 5th Army Corps released some instructors, including Oh Kwang-seon, to cover them up, but did not release Ji Cheong-cheon, the principal. Jicheongcheon Stream lived a prison sentence without a promise of release with a weak and hungry body due to the lack of water and food in a dark prison. While preparing for the end, Ji Cheong-cheon left the following will. "When I warn Japan and each country, the truth is immortal, so justice wins and injustice perishes. 20 million compatriots, Joseon, without righteous people, wanders in the dead, so please be the one who protects the strong mountains of your country, as Seongson, who was born as a bloodline of Dangun, is a brother, sister, and compatriot. Revolutionary soldiers, thank you for working hard for your country in the harsh Arctic cold snow zone.
Be a martyr for your country until the end." Meanwhile, Oh Kwang-sun escaped to Manchuria at late night, explained the situation of Ilksk to leaders of the independence movement in Manchuria and Shanghai, and asked for quick action. In this urgent report, Shanghai's Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea wrote this fact in the independent newspaper and made various diplomatic efforts. Accordingly, Lenin notified the Chata government to release Ji Cheong-cheon unconditionally in accordance with international law that foreign revolutionary activists cannot be executed recklessly. In this way, Ji Cheong-cheon was released in extremely poor health due to long imprisonment. When the Soviet authorities, which were under Japanese pressure, moved the Goryeo Revolutionary Corps to the Wondong area and transferred British-run gold mines to the Goryeo Revolutionary Corps to maintain military power while procuring supplies on their own, the corps began transporting them to the northern part of Cheetah on August 15, 1922. At this time, about 70 of the officers and soldiers were selected and sent to Moscow to study, and about 500 soldiers over the age of 40 were discharged from the military and went to their desired places. Thus, the greatly reduced Goryeo Revolutionary Corps was reorganized into the Goryeo Special Regiment. In the process, Jicheongcheon Stream broke up with Hong Beom-do. Hong Beom-do retired from the military gate after he was old enough to serve as an active soldier. Among the Goryeo Revolutionary Army scattered throughout the country, Jicheongcheon Stream stayed with Hong Beom-do until the end and was sent off by Hong Beom-do to lead the unit and move to Wondong area. General Hong Beom-do was the most active leader of the independence army in Korea to establish a brilliant major, and in 1920, he established the highest training in the Cheongsan-ri Battle. As a senior to the anti-Japanese struggle, Ji Cheong-cheon respected Hong Beom-do's determination and spirit of sacrifice, and Hong Beom-do also liked Ji Cheong-cheon, who stood on the front of the independence movement with modern military knowledge, as a humble and optimistic person. It is said that Hong Beom-do thanked him for training independent forces and training military officers in old age while seeing off Ji Cheong-cheon, and continued to ask for the unity of the independence movement camp as a comrade. Jicheongcheon Stream led the unit and moved north of Cheetah and arrived at its destination before the end of October. In addition, he devoted himself to securing military funds necessary to carry out a massive anti-Japanese war here. Meanwhile, Shanghai, where the provisional government is located, planned to hold a National Representative Meeting with the aim of gathering the capabilities of the entire nation and requesting the participation of the National Representative to the independence movement camps in Korea, Noryeong, and Manchuria. Thus, Ji Cheong-cheon was appointed as the representative of the special regiment of the Goryeo Revolutionary Army in the old age and attended this meeting. In addition, about 100 graduates of the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy were moved to Sowangryeong, an area close to Manchuria, to secure an advantageous base for future military activities. After the March 1st Movement, the need for a strong military organization was enhanced through the unification of independence movement groups in Manchuria, the old age, and independence forces. In other words, it was necessary to effectively develop an anti-Japanese war by collecting the capabilities of decentralized anti-Japanese forces. For this purpose, Shin Sook and Shin Chae-ho organized the Military Unification Promotion Association to unify distributed military organizations abroad. Thus, in April 1921, representatives of 10 organizations held a military unification preparation meeting in Beijing. At this meeting, it was decided to integrate and reorganize the dispersed independent forces to prepare a total attack on Korea and deny Syngman Rhee's mandate. And he denied the Imjeong and Euijeongwon, which had been worsening due to internal division. Meanwhile, in Nammanju, administrative leaders of each other's military sentiment, such as Kim Dong-sam, Lee Tak, and Yeo Jun, held a meeting in May 1920 to point out the problems of the temporary government and demand correction. Reflecting the demands of the Beijing Military Unification Conference and the Akmok Prefecture, Shanghai was required to "reform a unified new government" on May 12, 1921, leading to the formation of the National Council. Thus, a proposal to convene a national representative meeting was passed by the Provisional Government's garden, and the 'Declaration of Preparatory Committee of the National Representative Meeting' was printed and sent on May 30. On the other hand, there is an opinion that the cause of the National Assembly was to unify the communist movement. For example, the National Assembly was held by communists for the unification movement, but the Ilksk faction of Ahn Byung-chan and Yeo Un-hyung and the Shanghai faction of Lee Deung-hwi were divided, and the Ilksk faction insisted on creation and renovation. In addition, Japan's information at the time identified the National Congress as a movement for unification of socialism and nationalism. According to this, the creator who wants to build a republic in old age is socialism, and the reformist who wants to renovate the provisional government is nationalism. These two political groups gathered to form a unified government, but the National Congress was broken down due to the confrontation between socialism and nationalism. Of course, the above explanation can be one factor explaining the background of the National Assembly. However, it should not be overlooked that there was a unified perception that independence movement leaders living in Manchuria, Shanghai, Noryeong, Beijing, the Americas, and Korea should unite their will to independence and protest against Japanese imperialism with strong force. There is also a problem in identifying the creative group as socialism and the reform group as nationalism. This is because there were many people who maintained socialist ideas within the reformists at that time and many people maintained nationalistic ideas within the creationists. The National Congress was originally scheduled to be held on September 1, but was postponed to October 10 and November 21 due to a delay in the arrival of the representatives, and then a preliminary meeting was held on December 20, 1923 and the official meeting began on January 3, 1923.
댓글 없음:
댓글 쓰기