The cause of the artificial coup was that Gwanghae-gun abandoned his loyalty to the Ming Dynasty and did not do his best, and that he killed his ancestors' true wife, Prince Yeongchang, and destroyed his stepmother Mokdaebi to kill and invalidate his brothers. Therefore, most of the officials who died at the hands of the coup forces promoted practical diplomacy between the Ming Dynasty, which was collapsing along Gwanghaegun's realist diplomatic line, and Hu Keum, an emerging powerhouse, (after the Qing Dynasty, founded by unifying each tribe of Yeojin). Gwanghae-gun was a king who sought to become a wealthy nation from a realistic standpoint, such as rebuilding a country devastated by the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, pursuing practical benefits through tightrope diplomacy with gold after appearing as an emerging force. The anachronistic group of people who had anachronistic idea of kicking out the king in a coup and serving the ruined Ming Dynasty came to power, resulting in the devastation of the Manchu war and Jeongmyo war and the miserable result of the king's surrender to the orangkae. Less than a year after King Injo ascended to the throne, he abandoned the city after Yi Gwal's rebellion and fled, and in 1627, three years after Yi Gwal's rebellion, Hu Geum led 30,000 troops to invade Joseon, which is Jeong Myohoran. Choi Myung-gil and others barely made a truce through a strengthening talks that served Hu-geum as their older brother, but Hu-geum demanded that the two countries' relationship be changed to the main-class relationship, that is, the relationship between the king and his servant. Of course, he refused this offer because he was a ruling class who had a crush on the dying Ming Dynasty. The resentful Qing Dynasty (Hugeum changed its national title to Cheong) led 120,000 troops to invade Joseon, which is the Manchu Invasion of Korea. Even before the two upheaval, society had already been severely agitated. In the Annals of June 19, the 3rd year of King Injo (1625), songs laughing at the leaders of the King Injo were popular among the people. <Ah, don't show off yourself, you deities. If you live in his house, occupy his battlefield, ride his horse, and do his job, what's the difference between you and him (the powerful men of the Gwanghaegun era)?> In the Annals on the same day, the cadastre left the following records as expected of the invasion of the orangas. <The envoy discusses it. How is it accidental that Korea set up a camp in Yeongbyeon and kept the western gate firmly, such as having soldiers with military forces and guarding against enemy invasions that may occur in winter? Now that the Doenom (referring to Huigeum) are determined to invade the east by living in Shenyang, they should always carry weapons between Changseong and Uiju and prepare for rebellion. After the ice freezes, the area of the Yalu River becomes a flat land, so if you run by ironware, it will be faster than the wind. Jangsu will have to open a department at the border and take care of the generosity of Changseong, Uiju, Guseong, and Sakju.> However, even after being invaded by the Jeongmyo Horan, the national leadership failed to take any measures and wasted time. How should we understand that we were only busy praising the women who died during the Jeongmyo War, putting the idea of securing troops and producing weapons behind us? The following is the report of the Yellow Sea audit on July 29, the 5th year of King Injo (1627). <"A total of 126 women died while keeping their incisions during the Orangkae rebellion, of which the courtesy was revealed the most. When Jeong Deuk-ju's wife in Haeju was persecuted by the enemy, Kim threw his daughter into the water and fell into the water with his son on her back, and when Lim Soon-rip's wife met the enemy and was chased, she shouted loudly to the sky, "Anyone's wife drowns death." Kang Chi-gyu's wife, Kang, who lives in Jangyeon, fell on the ground so that she could not show her face when she met the enemy soldier. When the enemy tried to get up, he held on to the roots of the tree lying down, and the enemy cut his finger with a knife, but he didn't wake up. When he didn't get up even after cutting both ears, the enemy stabbed him in the back."> Local scholars, who couldn't stand it, appealed, "Government and officials should be awakened," and the whole story is well illustrated in the writings of a scholar living in Gwangju on August 19th, the 6th year of King Injo's reign. <"Even if the state was close to him, I haven't heard that he had been close to the orangkae until now and maintained a friendly relationship until the end. Then, even though the military god Sangha deserves to join forces to set up defense measures, the officials of the small and medium-sized government will joke around, smoke, and drink alcohol during the year when the enemy has stepped down. If those orangas do not change their minds and take military action in our country again, what forces will they protect them with and what measures will they defend themselves with? It's something to be lamented about. According to the rules for appointing a long life in Korea, all of the appointed people are highly disciplined, not considering whether they are suitable for the position, so they think, "I've already reached my peak, what good will it do for those who contributed to the battle?" Joseon was invaded again in the 14th year of King Injo (1636). On December 13, more than 10 days after Cheong Tae-jong led 120,000 troops and crossed the Yalu River, the royal court reported that Qing soldiers had invaded the border. It was only four days after the Japanese army landed in Busan during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, but at that time, the spirit was reported 12 days later. When the court heard the change, the enemy had already deployed troops to Anju. The famous Manchuria Soldier cavalry has advanced to Seoul with Jilpoongnodo. On December 14, when a report was posted that the enemy had passed Songdo (Gaeseong), King Injo decided to send him to Ganghwa-ro. However, the road to Ganghwa has already been cut off by the enemy, and they are forced to head to Namhansanseong Fortress. The appearance of the king evacuating absurdly was no different from his ancestors during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. The following is the Annals on December 14, 14 in King Injo's <The king headed to Namhansanseong Fortress through Sugumun Gate. Since the rebellion took place during the creation period, some of the military gods followed on foot, and the people in the castle were scattered with the rich, brothers, and couples, and the sound of wailing shook the sky.> Injo left Namhansanseong Fortress the next morning to evacuate to Ganghwado Island. King Injo walked down from the horse when the snowstorm hit him and the mountain path froze and the horse couldn't step. However, he could not go to Ganghwa and returned to the fortress. Eventually, King Injo decides to surrender after failing to last 40 days. How did you feel when you decided to surrender disgracefully to the Qing Dynasty established by the Yeojin people, who had been despised as orangkae and barbarians since the founding of the Joseon Dynasty? When the news of the surrender became known, on January 28, 2015, Lee Jo-champan Jeong-on and Yejo-panseo Kim Sang-heon attempted to commit suicide, but only attempted. Jeong-on took out the knife he was wearing and stabbed himself in the stomach, but he was not seriously injured and died. Kim Sang-heon, a preliminary judge, also hung up while cutting off food for many days, and his descendants rescued him and saved his life, whether it was misfortune or fortunate. The military officers left such comments on their attempted suicide. <The envoy discusses it. Thanks to these two, the river and the temple were raised. However, those who were reluctant to do so pointed out that they abandoned the king and betrayed the country, so why not look down on heaven?> Hong Myung-gu, an observer of Pyeongan-do, died alone while struggling to face the Qing Dynasty's great army at the time when court officials were committing an attempted suicide, and the Annals on January 28, 15 in King Injo reported the situation as follows. <Pyeongan-do observer Hong Myung-gu lost and died while fighting greatly in Geumhwa. When Hong Myung-gu heard the enemy's movement, he entered Jamoseong Fortress and defended it, but after a while, when he heard that the Orangae cavalry headed for Gyeongseong, he sent 2,000 units to Jang Hoon, a villa under his command, to rescue him. After that, when he heard that a master (a kiln with a king) was surrounded by Namhansanseong Fortress, he immediately led the selection of 3,000 soldiers and left. Meanwhile, he urged the soldier Yurim to accompany him, and he came to Gangdong while Yurim followed and tried to stop the military action under the pretext that there was no order from the court. In response, Hong Myung-gu scolded, "The king has been in a frenzy, so he deserves to give his life." Moreover, one plan is to prevent the enemy from focusing all their efforts on the attack on Namhansanseong Fortress by dividing the military into battles," and when they finally advanced, the enemies fled. When he reached gold coins, he met the enemy and cut hundreds of people and recovered their livestock, so the number counted several hundred. When the military was moved to Baekjeonsan Mountain, 10,000 enemy allied forces had invaded. Hong Myung-gu attacked them, defeated them greatly, and killed two generals, but there were many bodies. A little later, a unit of the enemy turned around the mountain, abandoned its horse, climbed the hill, wrapped itself in blankets, pushed it, and advanced in unison, so the situation could not be prevented. Hong Myung-gu hurriedly called Yurim to seek salvation, but many of his subordinates were killed as Yurim fled. Hong Myung-gu sat on a chair, took the seal of the government office, gave it to his subordinates, and said, "I deserve to die here," and when he was hit by three arrows, he pulled himself out, stabbed himself, and finally died.> According to the Annals, Hong Myung-gu was smart and upright, and sentences, skills, and knowledge were selected as the first among the younger generations. At an early age, he passed the first-class Jangwon, second-class Bangwon, and third-class Tamhwa as Jangwon and went through all of the Cheongyo positions. After that, he served as an observer of the government office and pointed out and suggested various measures for northwest defense, but they were not adopted. Then, after hearing that Namhansanseong Fortress was in an emergency due to the Manchu Invasion of Korea, he lost his life while moving to various places and fighting. When the news of Hong Myung-gu's battle became known, King Injo shed tears and said, "I knew I was usually his person." "There is only this one person in this time when the country is broken," he said, ordering the collection to be made in this article. In addition, the government prepared funeral expenses and paid Nokbong to his mother, and paid Jeongpyo (praise people's good deeds and spread them to the world) to Munryeo (the door of the house and the entrance to the village). He also gave his descendants a government post. January 30th, the 15th year of King Injo's reign (1637), is the day of disgrace when the king of Joseon bowed his head to Emperor Khan of Qing. The scene of the surrender was recorded by the cadastre in a cool and objective stroke.
Yonggoldae and Majudae (the name of the Qing Dynasty's Jangsu) came outside Namhansanseong Fortress and urged the king to give birth. The king rode a white horse and the chairman was removed and left the castle through the west gate with 50 people, followed by Crown Prince Sohyeon. Those who were left behind by the white crown wailed as they hit their chest inside the preface. The king came down from the mountain and sat with thorns open, and shortly after, hundreds of Qing soldiers dressed in armor ran. When the king said, "What are they doing?" Lee Gyeong-jik, the chief monk, said, "They seem to be the people we meet in Korea." Long after, Yonggoldae, etc. came, and the king stood up from his seat and performed a ritual to greet him twice, and sat in east-west. When Yonggoldae and others comforted him, the king said, "I only believe in the emperor's words and the efforts of the two great people," Yonggoldae said, "From now on, the two countries are one family, so what are you worried about?" It's late, so I hope you go quickly," he said and led him in front of him. The king has three monks, a judge, five monks each, and Hallim (colonial name for courtesy and censorship). As a cadastre, he had one government official serving the king at a close aide and one Juseo (Seven-poom of Seungjeongwon), and the crown prince followed the management of Shigangwon (the government office in charge of teaching Confucian scriptures and cultivating Confucian morality). Looking far away, Khan (Cheong Tae-jong) was sitting with a yellow jade spread out, and a person carrying a bow and a knife in armor and pitching set up a round camp and settled on the left and right. He played an instrument, imitating the Chinese system. The king walked to the front of Jin, and Yonggoldae and others made the king stay east of Jinmun. Yonggoldae went in, reported it, and delivered Cheongtaejong's words, "It's a long time to talk about the past." When I said, "I'm glad and happy that I've given up," the king said, "I'm honored by heaven." Yonggoldae and others led the way in and set up a seat toward the north below the platform, and the king bowed three times and performed an example of Joa-ri (Sambaegu Godurye) nine times. Yonggoldae and others led the king to come out through the east gate of Jin and sit in the east again. Daegun and below were caught in Ganghwa, but they lined up a little west below the platform. Yonggoldae asked the king to climb to the podium. Khan sat facing south, the king sat facing west at the northeast corner, and three princes of the Qing Dynasty sat one after another, and the crown prince sat below it, all facing west. Korean servants were given a seat on the eastern corner of the lower platform, and servants caught in Ganghwa were allowed to enter the western corner of the lower platform and sit. I put up a cup of tea. Khan ordered Yonggoldae to tell various officials in Korea, "Now the two countries are one family. "I want to see the skill of archery, so let's each do our best." A Korean servant replied, "All those who come here are civil servants, so they are not good at shooting." When Yonggoldae forced him to shoot, Jung Yi-jung went out and shot. Arrows and arrows were not the same as the Korean system, so they were shot five times, but all of them were not right. The Qing Dynasty princes and generals mingled loudly and played while shooting. After a while, they made Jinchan (a royal feast) and a dishcloth (pouring alcohol into a cup). After spinning the glass three times, the glasses and bowls were cleaned up, and when two orang caes dragged the dog and reached the front of Khan, Khan cut and threw the meat himself. When the king came out of office, all those caught by the acceleration of the noblemen below the empty palace gathered in one place. When Yonggoldae asked Bingung Palace and Daegun's wife to bow to Khan, the viewers shed tears, but in fact, it is said that Nine replaced them. When Yonggoldae and others pulled out with bright saddles on the white horse given by Khan, the king personally grabbed the reins. Yonggoldae and others also brought Chogu (clothes made of Dambi's fur) and conveyed Khan's words, "I originally brought this item with the intention of giving it to you, but it is not the same as us when I look at the clothing system in this country. Therefore, it was not to force him to wear it, but just to show his affection, and the king received it and entered the yard to show his affection. When Lee Gyeong-jik, the chief monk, was asked to support the national treasure, Yonggoldae received it and went. Later, he rebuked, "How come we don't dedicate the garnish and the book (a book engraved with Songdeokmun when we raised the emperor's name), and the king said, "The book was suddenly lost due to disturbance (1624), and the garnish was sent to Ganghwado Island, but it is hard to guarantee that it was fully preserved during the war. But if it stays the same, what's hard about offering it later?" He said, "Yonggoldae said he knew it." The king sat in the middle of the field and waited for his departure, but only after sunset did he return to the city. The Crown Prince, the Bingung Palace, both the Great Prince and his wife were kept, with the aim of taking them north in the future. The king made Choi Myung-gil stay to escort the empty palace. The king crossed by boat via Sofajin.> After completing the disgraceful surrender, King Injo headed to the ferry to go to Changgyeonggung Palace, leaving numerous hostage in the Qing Dynasty as hostage. This is how the Annals record the scene. Most of the "Jinjol" (a soldier guarding the ferry) died and there were only two empty boats, but the white officers even pulled the king's clothes to cross the ship. After the king crossed, Khan rode a horse and led the soldiers to escort the procession in a shallow rapids, and led the king along the left and right sides of the road. The captivated children cried and said, "My king, are you leaving us behind?" But those who cried and cried along the road counted 10,000 people.> Seoul had turned into a terrible city of death. On February 3, the Annals reported, "The only people living in Gyeongseong (Seoul) were children under the age of 10 and those over 70 who remained angry, most of whom were starving and frozen to death." On November 25, 1637, the 15th year of King Injo's reign, ridiculous things happened between his servants. When King Injo erected a monument on Samjeondo Island, a historical site of disgrace, and asked officials to build inscriptions, everyone started to withdraw. Jang Yu, Lee Gyeong-jeon, Cho Hee-il, and Lee Gyeong-seok were ordered to write Samjeondobi, but Jang Yu and others appealed and refused, but the king did not follow. The three officials reluctantly wrote it, but Cho Hee-il deliberately made the writing rough and hoped that he would not be hired, and Lee Kyung-jeon could not write it because of illness, so Lee Kyung-seok finally wrote it.> The officials mentioned here must have been those who insisted that "they should stand up to the Ming Dynasty and break down the Qing Dynasty," so the words of those who chat without responsibility as if empty carts were making a fuss are always sweet. The cause of the artificial coup was two things: Gwanghaegun's filial piety against Inmokdaebi and no pro-nomyeongdae. Therefore, when the King Injo regime was invaded by the Qing Dynasty, it would have been a reasonable attitude for the cause to fight with all one's However, when Jeongmyo Shrine and the Manchu War of 1636, unlike the pro-Myeongsadae policy so far, the main theory of harmony with the Qing Dynasty prevailed. In the end, the pro-nominal corps was just a justification for the coup. The main fighters, who had no sense and insisted that they should fight until the end, were handed over as hostage to the Qing Dynasty the day before the king surrendered. On January 29, 2015, King Injo was seen receiving the dismissal of Yoon Jip and Odalje at Namhansanseong Fortress, where the cold is raging. How did the king feel about sending his beloved servant to the country of Orangkae? <Choi Myung-gil and Lee Young-dal sent Gukseo (a diplomatic document conveying their intention to surrender) to the Orangkae camp, and sent Yoon Jip and Oh Dal-je, who rejected their friends. Yoon Jip and others greeted each other after dismissal. King: "It is said that your knowledge is shallow, but your argument was not intended to make the country wrong, but it finally reached this point. How can this happen to the world of Gageum?" Yoonjip: "If it really benefits the country, there is nothing to waste even if you die 10,000 times. Why does His Majesty say such a poor thing?" King: "How is my heart now that things have reached this point after they came in according to a lonely castle?" Odalje: "God was pathetic for not committing suicide, but now he has a place to die."> The king choked up and couldn't make a proper sound. <Odalje: "There is nothing to regret about the gods dying, but I am honored that your highness has left the castle. When will the servants wait in the future without dying at a time like this?"> Finally, when the two servants left, the king made the eunuch serve them alcohol. At that time, when the envoy, who was waiting to catch the two servants, urged them to "send the prisoners quickly," the king is annoyed and orders them to wait until the two servants finish drinking. After the two officials finished drinking, they said, "It's late. When I said, "I'm going to leave after I got off work," the king shed tears endlessly. After the dismissal of the king, Choi Myung-gil, the representative of the main painter, went to the Qing Dynasty by ropeing Yoon Jip and Odalje, the representatives of the main theorist. When Khan of the Qing Dynasty told him to release the bond, he gave Choi Myung-gil a first pitch. Choi Myung-gil bowed to Khan four times in this outfit, according to the Annals. When I look at the discourse announcing this fact after King Injo surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, the miserable situation at the time passes by like a scene from a movie. Next is the Annals on February 19, 2015. <It has been 15 years since I was on the throne with a body lacking virtue. Since fate is rough and the country's work is difficult, he has been transformed one after another and dispatched twice, and there are many things that have harmed the people. Even though the sky is in full swing, people know it difficultly and do not know how to take disciplinary action. Thinking only that he had to keep the cause, he did not realize that unexpected anger would come again, so he spent the winter surrounded by a lonely castle and faced spring. When the guard lacked military soles, the Yushin were incorporated into the military, and due to a lack of food saved, they filled their stomachs to the half of the beans. The rice was cooked by tearing off the house and blowing it with the roots of trees, but the emergency situation got worse day by day.
However, he waited for outside salvation, promising to comfort, encourage, and firmly protect the merchants, but five camps in Honam and Yeongnam lost one after another, and the military in the northwest had no news at all. When shells flew in and attacked the walls, they flew everywhere they were hit, but calculating the number of people and food made it difficult to sustain for 10 days. Fortunately, however, the two sons (Crown Prince Sohyeon, Prince Bongrim) and one grandson went to Ganghwa with Jongmyo Shrine, so there is still hope to ask for the faithful. But what would he have thought? The nature's fortress also fell because the human Jimo was not good.> Injo lamented that he failed to develop his national defense power in the past only after surrendering to the Qing Dynasty during the creation period, so it is a common act of foolish wages to blame the past after the defeat of the country. <Considering the past mistakes, there are many regrets. He thought of repairing and training armor and weapons to prepare for the disturbance, but each village was anxious about this. He tried to stock up on troops by trading rice, but the civil power became very difficult. Although rewards for honor and incision were intended to encourage the world, groundless discussions intensified due to this, and harsh officials were tyranny even though they were intended to be wary of euphemism by imposing important roles and taxes. The flattering trend was dominant in the royal court, and the world lacked gentle customs. Even though disasters and unexpected events appeared alternately, I didn't know I would be afraid, and even though resentment and lament arose, I couldn't hear it properly. This is because his nature was brave and dark, so he did not know the essence of politics. Rather, he tried to promote reasonable politics, but he drove it into confusion. How can we not believe the saying, "The nation must hurt others only after it has been harmed," since the nation has already been sick before the great army came in.> The king then begged the people not to abandon him. <Don't abandon me far with your past mistakes, and do not let the heavens continue to lead to the inheritance of King Taejo and King Taejong by working together to relieve difficulties widely.> War is a harsh thing. The victorious country will enjoy endless glory, but it is the general logic that the defeated country will be destroyed and looted, and the people will be reduced to slaves. Fortunately, the Qing Dynasty did not destroy the Joseon Dynasty and continued its existence. I think the reason why the Qing Dynasty allowed the Joseon Dynasty's rule of law without destroying the Joseon Dynasty was because of the doctrine that Joseon had implemented to the Yeojin people, and to stimulate Joseon during the Ming-Cheong period so that Joseon did not become anti-Cheong power. In the process of withdrawing, the Qing Dynasty captured the subjects and the enormous people who insisted on the main theory. The Annals describe that "the majority of the people of the whole country were involved." It is recorded in Yasa that 200,000 to 500,000 people were taken away, and this figure seems to have been somewhat exaggerated considering the number of people in Joseon at the time. In Joseon, many people were taken prisoner not only during the Manchu Invasion of Korea but also during the Manchu Invasion of Korea. According to the Annals on May 16, the 5th year of King Injo (1627), the number of prisoners in each region and the circumstances at that time are recorded in detail. <Pyongyang: 2190 men and women were taken prisoner, 158 people were killed, 344 people returned from escape, and 1169 people were bone-stained. Gangdong: 225 men and women who were taken prisoner, 67 who fled and returned, and 790 stolen horses and cows. Third: 1,500 men and women who were taken prisoner, 28 victims, and 111 who fled and returned.> Based on the Annals records, 4,986 prisoners, 290 victims, and 623 fled to Manchuria in six villages alone, including Pyongyang, Gangdong, Samdeung, Sunan, Hamjong, and Sukcheon. The reason why the Qing Dynasty attracted so many Joseon people was to fill the lack of labor in the case of men or to use it as a sexual nori dog in the case of women, but in fact, to resell it to Joseon for money. On March 11, 1638, the 16th year of King Injo's reign (1638), Choi Myung-gil, the left-euijeong, said this. When God was in Shenyang's official residence, he tried to set the price of a maiden (which means he would pay for it), but when the Qing Dynasty violated his promise and demanded more, the maiden stabbed her in the neck and died. Finally, I bought her body and came back.> Choi Myung-gil also posted a report on the ransom of prisoners on April 21, 2015 in King Injo. <Friendship Council Choi Myung-gil reported. "Repeating is urgent today. When Jeong Myo-nyeon promised a peace treaty (a treaty of friendship between brothers after Jeong Myo-ho), the price of one person was only about 10, but now that I hear it, it has risen to 10 nyang. The price they agreed was originally cheap, but the increasing price led to a high-demanding nuisance because the person who wants to fast forward was in a hurry to fast forward bone meat and did not weigh the price. Some people argue that one person's price is hundreds of gold. In this case, the poor will have no way to return. In God's opinion, even if the government makes rules to make a slight difference between people's values depending on age and return, many do not exceed 100 nyang, and if they ask for a high value, do not exceed this amount. If those who violate this are discussed as felony, they will also think there is no benefit and will call themselves a fair price.">... Why didn't Cheongi set fire to Joseon during the Manchu Invasion of Korea and for hundreds of years thereafter? When Vietnam, Myanmar, and Yugu, who were the only and decedent of the Qing Dynasty, were received one after another by imperialist powers, China's Zoya lamented that they did not securitize Joseon in 1636. At that time, Cheong was mindful of continental vacuum, so the innerization of Joseon in the rear would have been an obstacle to continental vacuum. He would have judged that there was nothing good about stimulating the anti-cheong sentiment of Koreans. Family is not a good thing, but I don't know what our history would have been like now if Cheong had whispered Joseon like Jungarbu and East Turkistan after that.
댓글 없음:
댓글 쓰기