If you are planning to tour India for a week, the Golden Triangle is the key course. Starting in Delhi, the administrative capital, the golden course, which leads to Jaipur, famous for its Taj Mahal, and Agra, where visitors to India can see traces of Hindu and Islamic culture, is a must-visit attraction. Among them, Jaipur is a city like the Hall of Fame dedicated to the wise king, King Jaixing II. Jaipur, about 266 kilometers southwest of Delhi, is the capital of Rajasthan Province, which borders the vast Tar desert. It was founded in 1728 by Sawai Jaixing II (1699-1744), who dominated the region. Even the city was named Jaipur after the king. "Pur" means a city surrounded by walls. As its name suggests, the old city is surrounded by seven gates like a folding screen. Climbing the hill north of the old city and looking down at Jaipur, you can see the pink cityscape that is revealed under the intense sunlight. Rajasthan, where Jaipur was located in the 16th century, was home to a small Hindu kingdom against Islamic forces. However, with the prosperity of the Muslim Mughal Dynasty, the small kingdoms were no longer able to grow their power and were subjugated. Many Rajiputian warriors were destroyed while resisting Aurangzeb, the conqueror of the Mughal Empire, but they did not follow the same path as King Jaixing II. Aurangzeb shouted at King Jaixing II, "What will you do for me?" with the arrogance and authority of the conqueror. However, King Jaixing II, who became a lord at the age of only 11, thought carefully without showing signs of fear and answered proudly, "If you protect me, I will give my life for the king." Aurangzeb took such boldness seriously and gave Jaixing II the authority to rule a quarter of the area he conquered. The term "Sawai" also means that the emperor has given a quarter of his power to King Jaixing II. Zhaixing II was a realist and outstanding leader who pursued practicality over justification. He sent the daughters of his clan to the side room of Emperor Mughal to bring about the protection of the empire, and sought economic development on a stable basis. He studied both classics, languages, religious ideas, and traditional medicine, regardless of Hindu or Islamic origin, and especially devoted himself to astronomy and mathematics. In addition to Hindu classics, ancient Greek and Islamic geometry and astronomical books were translated into Sanskrit and used. European literature was also accepted through missionaries. The Palace, now called City Palace, and the Wind Palace (Hawamahal, Hawa Mahal) to the east are symbolic buildings of Jaipur. The City Felice, built in the center of the city in 1726 by King Jaixing II, is a seven-story building. Currently, some of them have been converted into museums and are open to the public. Inside City Palace, there is a Zantar Mantar (meaning "strange instrument") that is still used as an observatory. It is equipped with a sundial with an error of 20 seconds, a constellation measuring instrument, meridian, and astronomical background. It is said that for accurate observation, the lunar calendar was revised, the lunar eclipse was predicted through constellations, and the weather was predicted. It is the King Sejong of India. Another symbolic building in Jaipur, the Wind Palace, is the palace of the concubines. The women of the palace, whose contact with the outside was cut off, could look down at the market scenery outside the palace from here. It was built by Pratap Singh, a descendant of King Jaixing II, and at first glance looks like the crown of Krishna, a Hindu god. This terrace-shaped palace, carved with beautiful sculptures, must have been the only window and only pleasure for women who had to spend their entire lives isolated from the world for a man. This is because attractive items such as colorful silk sarira, handmade shoes made of camel leather, and accessories are still waiting for customers in the market viewed from here. Jaipur is nicknamed "Pink City." Although there are so many buildings made of red sandstone in Jaipur, there is a story behind this nickname. In 1876, when India was a British colony, Queen Victoria's eldest son, Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), visited Jaipur. At that time, the Maharajah in Jaipur, under British pressure, hurriedly painted the entire city pink for environmental reasons. The choice was based on the fact that the indigenous Rajiput people of Jaipur thought pink was a color related to hospitality. The ruled Indians were mobilized for ministry without knowing why, but "Pink City" has since become a synonym for the tourist city of Jaipur.
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