2022년 3월 6일 일요일

Miscellaneous rumors about the military system and the military system of the party.

 The collapse of Suu and the failure of Suu's repeated expeditions to Goguryeo in 612 and 613 and 614 when the Tang appeared, undermined the Sui emperor's authority in addition to the enormous consumption of life and supplies. In the midst of confusion caused by the rebellion in various places, Yi Yeon, who was a leading Taewon player, succeeded in occupying Jangan on November 9, 617, after signing a military alliance with Dongdolgung Palace. Yi Yeon, who occupied Jangan, put Daewangyu, the grandson of the foster ritual, on the throne and called it Gongsu, but it was only a catering act as Yang Gyun (Su-Mun) took over real power from Jeong-je in Bukju and laid the foundation for the establishment of the Su Dynasty. In fact, on May 20, 618, about half a year later, Lee Yeon-eun took over the throne from Gongje and founded the party. However, not only during this period but also until about a decade later, the party was still only one of the warlords that occupied the Jangan area. On June 4, 626, at Hyeonmumun Gate, the north gate of Janganseong Fortress, King Jin Se-min and his brother-in-law Jang Son-moogi caused the famous Hyeonmumun Coup, killing his older brother Prince Geonseong and his younger brother, Wongil, and persecuting his father Danggo Yi Yeon to take over. The greatest and most outstanding monarch in Chinese history was born by killing his brother and brother and threatening his father with blood on his hands. Perhaps if Yi Yeon of the Tang Dynasty had not handed over the throne, the father would also have died to his son. In 628, two years after Lee Se-min ascended to the throne, the party succeeded in unifying China after suppressing both Sado Island in Zakbang (north of Seomseoseong). However, until the good harvest in 630, considerable confusion continued due to famine and inflation caused by the continued famine. 630 was the year when the party was given another political gift of subjugation of the sudden palace in addition to internal stability. Tang Taejong received the name "Chengahan" from Eric Kagan of the stone palace where he surrendered. In addition, in 628, after King Yeongryu's ascension (reigned 618~642), Goguryeo, which had implemented an oil painting policy for the Tang Dynasty, dedicated a map called Bongyeokdo Island. It was the beginning of "the reign of the articles of association," the epitome of the peaceful times we can see in history books. The fantasy that was created...Is it a story I want to believe that the people of the Tang Dynasty were able to live happily with pride during this period? Indeed, according to the records at the time, the price of a single piece of rice rose to about four to five times, so could no one be hungry and farmers who ran away return to their hometowns? Has there been an "era" where there were only 29 death row prisoners nationwide for a year, and houses did not need to be locked down, and people traveling do not have to carry food? In 632, the civil service officials asked Taejong to hold a ceremony for Bongseon. Bongseon was a ritual held by Heaven to thank heaven for the stability and prosperity of the world. Wi Jing, a strong believer at the time, strongly opposed the proceedings of this Bongseon ritual and cited the following reasons. -There are six great things about His Majesty, but the household has not yet recovered following the Sumal chaos, and the grain warehouse is empty. However, the people cannot afford the march for the burial and the enormous cost. Now, smoke from Nakyang to the sea is rare and only weeds are lush.   Of the 194 volumes of self-government, Wezing's remarks may have been exaggerated to stop the sense of barrage, but they are far from the politics of the articles of association we commonly know, and there is a high possibility of distortion due to political purposes. Considering that there are quite a few suspicious parts to believe, especially the records of the Tang Tae-jong's war against Goguryeo during this period, this period provides a basis for thinking that almost all the people of Tang did not consider it a happy period as we know. In the end, the remaining part of the Tang Taejong's achievements was overpowering the surrounding nomadic peoples except for the failed Goguryeo expedition, but this was also incomplete and sloppy. As mentioned several times, the party's military system, especially the key, can be said to have inherited the private system with only the name changed. The compromise department, which first began to be established in the provinces in 636, was in charge of conscription and supply of troops, and as in the Sui Dynasty, the compromise department was not under the jurisdiction of the local administrative system. There were about 600 compromises nationwide, of which about two-thirds were installed in densely populated areas centered on Jangan and Nakyang, and migration from areas where compromises were installed to areas without compromises was prohibited in principle. Like the Nyangbu disease in the Sui Dynasty, the party's soldiers consisted of generals aged 20 to 60 and were engaged in livelihood during the busy farming season and intensively trained during the farming season. As in the Sui Dynasty, when it came to his turn, he had to form a group and return to Jangan and Nakyang to make a living. According to the records of Gunbangryeong, "In 500 ri, it is divided into 5 ri and outside 500 ri, it is divided into 7 ri, and it is uploaded for 1 month each." The soldiers who came up to the capital were organized under the 12th 6th Solbu and were in charge of welcoming foreign envoys and escorting the procession of the convoy emperor, and in principle, the food, cost, and necessary equipment are the personal burden of the soldiers. In addition, the time of moving to the capital and the cost of moving are also borne by the father and son, and if the father and son belong to the compromise within 500 ri of the capital, they had to re-repair in October. Including the time it takes to travel between the capital and its residence, arithmetically, it could have exceeded 90 days if it was at least 60 to 80 days a year, including 30 days of reproduction and 10 days of travel. In addition, between the ages of 20 and 60, the secondary soldiers must be in charge of security at least once for three years in the border region. The border guards were in charge of Jin and Su, and Jin and Su were divided into upper, middle, and lower levels according to the size of the troops, with 500 Sangjin, 300 Jungjin, and 300 Hajin, and about a tenth of the size of Jin. The number of camps and numbers varies greatly from period to period, but there were about 245 jin and 332 jin, and Jinjang and Suju were in charge of border defense through Bangin, a side soldier dispatched from the compromise, and one of the other three was dispatched to the border to stabilize the family's livelihood. In addition, like the Sui Dynasty, 17 resolutions of land were uniformly paid to the soldiers, and benefits such as tax exemption and exemption for the land of Bangin dispatched to the military were given to stabilize the side disease system. In addition, one of the main duties of the assistant soldiers was to participate in the foreign war. At this time, a march was organized as in the Sui Dynasty, and the general general of the march led it. However, the Tang Dynasty's continuous expedition to the outside world could not be handled only by the soldiers estimated to have not exceeded the 600,000 mark, and at this time, in principle, it was recruited and filled in areas where there was no compromise. This was called Byeongmo, and it is known that the soldiers were recruited regardless of the existence of a compromise. The first military organization established immediately after the founding of the party and the regime party was the military division established by dividing the crowd into 12 degrees. After several changes, in 636, the military changed its villa to Guuido-wi, and the military installed in each region was called the compromise-bu. Thus, about 630 compromises were established in the Tang Dynasty, and 40 to 60 compromises were organized again to form the 16th place. Above each, there were two persons of Sangsanggun, one general, and two generals, and below them was a compromise committee that directly led the soldiers belonging to the compromise department. Table – 116th place and 16th place in the commander's table 1240 to 60th place 1240 to 60th place 1240 to 60th place 1240 to 60th place 1240 to 60th place 1240 to 60th place 1240 to 60th place 1240 to 60th place 1240 to 60th place 160th place 1st place 1st place 1st place 1st place 40 to 60th place 1st place 1st place 1st place 1240 to 60th place 1st place 1240 to 60th place 1st place 1st place 1240 to 60th place 1st place 1st place 1st place 1st place 6th place 1st place 1st place 1 ~ At the top 16 where the 60 compromises were organized, there was a general division, which was like a general command, overseeing not only the central but also the local military command. The characteristic of this incidental disease system was that the distinction between local and central diseases was not clear and that the disease-farming agreement was used as a standard. Of course, not all of these 600,000 soldiers were engaged in the military. In principle, except for about 100,000 to 150,000 visitors and about a fifth of all soldiers, called Wisa, they were supposed to engage in livelihood. Among the 320 states of the compromise department, 630 compromises installed in 90 states were divided into upper, middle, and lower according to the size of their troops. The upper part was composed of 1,200 people, the central part was 1,000 people, and the lower part was 800 people, and the vice-principal led by the faculty of 200 people, and two 100-member women were organized below it. The commander of Yeouido was called Yeosu. Under the Yeha of Yeouido, there was a 50-member Dae, and the Daejeong commanded it. Each battalion consisted of five fire teams of 10 people, and the commander of the fire was called Hwajang. Among the soldiers organized, the soldiers who were good at knights were selected as cavalry called Wolgi, but the rest were basically organized as infantry, although they differed depending on their armed conditions.

Under the command of the compromise department, the commander of the compromise department, there was one person each on the left latitude and one on the right latitude, and the true man, soldiers, and villas helped. The additional soldiers belonging to the Ministry of Trade and Industry had to pay for all equipment and food, such as one bow and 30 arrows. The prescribed equipment and food were usually stored in a warehouse, and all equipment and food were taken out when they were burnt or on their way to the outside. In addition to personal equipment, a 10-member painting had to be equipped with equipment such as tents and shovels, and each painting had to secure six horses. As mentioned above, it can be estimated that 600,000 to 700,000 troops were secured by the Tang Dynasty as a side disease. Of these, 100,000 to 150,000 people paid for border security and 100,000 to 150,000 people, so no matter how many troops could be mobilized for external expeditions, they could not exceed the 300,000 to 400,000 level. In addition, the party always maintained military tensions, including Goguryeo in the east, nomadic peoples in the north, and Tobun in the west, and was often forced to wage a two-head war. In this situation, it is said that additional troops had to be recruited to compensate for the inevitable shortage of troops, and in many cases, it was often forced conscription. Until now, conscription and military systems of each country have been briefly mentioned by period from Bukju to the Sui Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. There are approximately two reasons for mentioning and examining the military system of the Sudang party. One was to examine the data necessary to estimate Goguryeo's military system. Goguryeo's military system is so lost in labyrinth that it can be easily said, "There is nothing," as mentioned at first, and the biggest reason is that there are no records of Goguryeo people who are also involved. Goguryeo's military system, especially in the late period, was estimated to be the size of mobilization of troops, but there was no record left behind the Tang Dynasty, so it remains only a short record of " mobilizing tens of thousands of people" in the librarian. Throughout the early tribal society, mankind gradually had a huge social system. In line with this, the scale and purpose of the war that was experiencing with the birth of mankind became increasingly enormous, and in line with this, the war began to become more complex. The victory or defeat of the war has now reached a point where it depends on how many troops can be sent to the war and how many troops can be used efficiently rather than on the individual's courage or the individual's ability to belong to the group. Personally, the process of transferring the weight that can gauge the victory or defeat of this war from individuals to groups is seen as the completion of the state, and the Suuidang Party exists at its peak. The Sui Dynasty mobilized more than 1 million combat troops to invade Goguryeo, and even though nearly half or half of the troops were lost, the Goguryeo expedition was carried out the following year and the following year. The Tang Dynasty, which succeeded the Su Dynasty, also never gave up its attack on Goguryeo despite its 645-year expedition failure, and in fact, it finally succeeded in destroying Goguryeo in 668. One of the two fantasies people have about the Tang Dynasty is that the Tang was a great military state. Of course, the party escaped the confusion in the early days of its founding and implemented an expansion policy through continuous external expeditions that no other dynasty had experienced before, and it worked in some parts. However, the military achievements of Tang Tae-jong, the Tango-jong, and the later generation were only empty shells. While Rome was able to maintain the majority of the occupied areas as its own territory by establishing an efficient governing system after occupying a certain area and establishing an corps base, the party's taste policy remained relatively well during the period of division and internal strife, but eventually began to collapse. Although it succeeded in destroying Goguryeo by mobilizing enormous supplies and personnel, it failed to completely get control of the Liaodong area, which was Goguryeo's territory, and to prevent the founding of Balhae. He suffered considerable damage due to his failure to conquer Tobun, and the stone palace, which was conquered during the Tang Taejong period, soon established its own power again, but failed to stop it. The military performance and capabilities of the Tang Dynasty at a particular time should naturally be highly regarded, but failure to maintain them properly should not be overlooked, and considering the number of people and supplies put in to achieve those military results, it may be evaluated as inefficient. In fact, after the Roman Empire abandoned its expansion policy during the reign of Emperor Augustus, it set up a Remes (barrier) to prepare for external invasion, and this barrier worked properly until the last emperor Aurelius Marcus. On the other hand, the Tang Dynasty has already experienced the limitations brought by expansionist policies beyond the mid-7th century, but has neither overcome them nor properly overcome them. (After the fall of Baekje in 660, after the naval battle of Gibolpo in 676, the party engaged in an armed dispute with Silla over the occupied area. Of course, in terms of objective power, the party and Silla cannot compare themselves, but in the end, the party had to stop military intervention in Hanryukdo Island after the Battle of Gibolpo. In addition, it fails to completely dominate Goguryeo, which was occupied by putting in a lot of people and supplies. This was also due to the foundation and sudden forces that emerged as practical risk forces for the party during the same period, but I think it is a cross-section showing the Tang Dynasty's excessive expansion policy. Even after the Battle of Gibolpo in 676, the party tried to attack Silla, but eventually failed to put it into practice. At this time, the sign posted by the party's prime minister said, "Silla is not a threat to us, but Toburn is not." Eventually, the party fell into the trap that it had unfolded itself. Once it took a huge amount of money and time to maintain the occupied area, the party could not afford it. In the end, Goguryeo had to hand over Baekje to Balhae and Silla to Silla, and the stone palace that built the second empire was a nightmare for the party itself.) Another fantasy was that the party, which had been maintained for nearly 300 years from 618 to 907, was always strong, prosperous, and stable. The Tang Dynasty's military capabilities had already begun to disappear during the post-war period, and even in the previous period, the Tang had experienced considerable defeat and failure in battles with outside immigrants. Looking at the entire duration of Tang Dynasty's maintenance, the period during which Tang Dynasty's military capabilities existed has not exceeded 30 years since the 630s, the early days of Tang Taejong's ascension. After the defeat in the Battle of Gibolpo against Silla in 676, the party had to end any further external expansion. Of course, there was no change in superficial policies, such as intervening in the dispute over the succession of the throne of the palace, but no more fantastic victory existed after the Tang Taejong period. After the reign of King Xuanzong, King Xuanzong's throne brought a second stable period, but after the short stable period, the rebellion of Annoksan began in 755, and during the same period, the Tang Dynasty's father-in-law collapsed, and the rebellion of his mission made the party give up its quietness policy. The abandonment of Cho Yong-jo's policy did not just mean changes in tax policy, but the loss of power maintained by strongly regulating and controlling the people before that time, and the party finally fulfilled its fate due to confrontation with Bungjin, who maintained its own regime. Scholars believe that the party actually collapsed after the Ansa Rebellion. The reason why the party was able to maintain it for about 150 years even after the Ansa Rebellion is attributed to Gangnam's economic power developed by the opening of the Grand Canal. There were many reasons why the Tang Dynasty could be called the World Empire. Even if it deviated from internal problems, such as active commercial activities based on the opening of the Great Canal, prosperity of various foreign religions such as Nertorius and Manichyo, and raising immigrants to high-ranking positions, the party before Ansa's rebellion at the end of King Tang Taejong was able to embrace activities and diversity. Although it is a personal judgment, it is believed that "power advantage" existed in the background of this inclusiveness. Even at the end of the North Korean colonial period, the Seonbi people gave up their policy of convergence and showed a kind of nationalistic appearance. This national priority policy is revealed when confidence is lost or when you are severely shocked by external shocks, and it is never revealed when you are confident in your own power.

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