1. Joseph Mengele
The Auschwitz concentration camp was, above all, notorious for its biological experiments. Joseph Mengele, who tried to artificially create "Arian characteristics and a child with blue eyes" as the principal doctor of the camp, was the most famous among the doctors in the camp. Having driven thousands of prisoners to the death of Gastille or conducted various biological experiments, he was widely known as a "death angel" among prisoners.
"In 1943, typhoid spread greatly to women's camps. 7,000 out of 20,000 people were ill and laid down. Mengele first emptied the 600-member block and sent it to the gas chamber. Then the block was thoroughly disinfected and then the inmates of the next block were sent in. In this way, all the blocks were disinfected. But what's scary is that the first 600 people in the block had nowhere to go but the gas chamber."
He is also awarded a medal for his ingenious idea of eradicating typhoid. According to an arrest warrant issued by the West German prosecution in 1981, "On May 25, 1943, 507 gypsies and 528 female gypsies were sent to the gas chamber." It was hard to understand that he hated and slaughtered gypsies even though he himself had a gypsy appearance and pedigree. Moreover, it was a great irony that after studying Kant's philosophy at Munich University and taking the Hippocratic oath at Frankfurt University, he became the most inhumane criminal.
Along with the Allied pearls, he was taken prisoner by the U.S. military, but he was released safely in a state of confusion by deceiving his identity. Returning to his hometown of Gunzberg, he spent five peaceful years without anyone knowing his history. However, his biological experiment in Auschwitz was also testified at the Nuremberg trial. Hoess, who was in charge of Auschwitz, testified at an interrogation by a lawyer for the defendant Kaltenbrunner of the Nuremberg trial that "a biometric experiment on twins was conducted by Mengele." In December 1946, Mengele felt threatened as he watched the United States bring 23 SS doctors to trial on charges of war crimes and inhumane crimes, and fled to Argentina in 1949 pretending to be refugees.
In Buenos Aires, he worked under his real name as an obstetrician. The West German government issued him a warrant in July 1959. When the warrant was issued, he continued to flee from Argentina to Paraguay and Brazil again. In this state, a mock trial was held in Jerusalem, and television around the world reported it. Israel also sent a petition to Pope Paul II asking all Catholics to cooperate in finding Mengele's whereabouts. Stimulated by this, governments consulted from various angles to arrest Mengele. In Frankfurt in 1985, senior officials from three governments, Germany, the United States and Israel, met to discuss the issue. However, just three weeks later, Germany's Die Welt reported that Mengele's body was found in Brazil. In the wake of the controversy, the Saung Paulo police dug out what was believed to be Mengele's body from the cemetery and verified it by forensic scientists. It was officially confirmed that it was his body, but some still raise questions.
2. Martin Bormann
In 1946, famous leaders of Nazi Germany were all executed in Nuremberg, except for the two. The exceptions were Goering, who avoided execution for suicide in prison, and Bormann, who disappeared with the collapse of the Third Reich. In the course of the Nuremberg trial, Goering said, "The most influential person for the president, especially since 1942, when Hess disappeared, was Bormann. It was a devastating and powerful influence." As Hitler's secretary, he was almost absolutely trusted at the end of the war and reigned as the second-in-command.
When such Bormann disappeared without a trace, intelligence agencies in Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union conducted an investigation after the war. However, he could not find Bormann's whereabouts or even traces of his death. At the Nuremberg war crimes trial, he had been sentenced to death for absenteeism. Efforts to find him continued, and in November 1964, the West German government offered 100,000 marks for those who gave information to arrest him. Prior to that, in 1961, West Germany's Attorney General, Fritz Bauer, convinced that Bormann was alive, declared that he would resume his investigation. In 1965, Friedman, director of the Nazi War Crime Archives in Haifa, announced that Bormann lived in Argentina. The following year, Eichmann's son drew attention by publishing an open letter to Bormann in a newspaper asking him to "get out of South America's hiding place for your father standing in your place." In 1967, the German Ministry of Justice demanded a detention warrant and deportation from the Brazilian Supreme Court. However, there was no evidence anywhere that Bormann was alive. In April 1973, the Frankfurt State Prosecutors' Office issued a final report on Borman's whereabouts, concluding that Borman died in 1945 and announcing that it would suspend official tracking. However, Bormann's whereabouts remain questionable.
3. Heinrich Muller
Mueller was the former head of Geshtapo, Germany, and the Nazi hunters believed in his survival. He is said to have fled to Albania and is hiding in the East, but his existence and residence have never been revealed. In 1964, West German officials examined the body presumed to be him, but no evidence was found to conclude that it was Mueller.
4. Anton Pavelich and Dinko Sakichi
Anton Paveli 전후, head of the Ustasia regime in Croatia during the German occupation, approved the slaughter of Jews, gypsies and Serbian politicians, spent the rest of his life in Argentina until his death in 1959, avoiding the killings despite various postwar Yugoslavian efforts. Dinko Sakichi, who served as the director of the Yasenobatsu camp, also fled to South America and returned to Austria in 1991 to participate in a meeting of survivors of the Ustasia and the Nazi SS. In addition, numerous Ustasia members escaped from camps under the protection of the Croatian Catholic Church and fled to Spain or South America.
5. Criminals protecting criminals
On the other hand, there are cases in which the punishment failed even though its identity and existence were revealed. Nazi criminals who fled to dictatorships, including South America, were able to save a "safe haven." As experts in maintaining the system, Nazi criminals were bound to be useful to dictators in the third world. They knew that adapting themselves to be useful to those in power guarantees their survival. After the war, the Third Reich came to an end, but some Nazi criminals did not. These dictators did not carelessly give up their poor Nazi criminals, and in their hands, they were able to find shelter.
In particular, South America was a hotbed for these Nazi criminals. Traditionally, South America had a strong sense of political refuge. It was not to expel those who committed political crimes. The leader of one country used to seek refuge by suddenly taking refuge in embassies in other South American countries, fearing to set a dangerous precedent after responding to the deportation of Nazi criminals. South American countries have rarely deported killers, and "guests" have always been protected. South America had a special relationship with pre-Nazi Germany. After World War I, a large number of Germans migrated to South America, and they settled in various places, formed communities, and exerted influence on their governments. In the case of Paraguay, Strösner, who became president, was of German descent. For this reason, Nazism and racism had great influence on this society, and Nazi war criminals easily and freely sought shelter.
Among them, Brunner, who has worked as an adviser on Jewish issues in Syria, is a representative case. Bruner, who was Eichmann's right-hand man, was responsible for the slaughter of 100,000 Jews. He avoided prosecution while being protected by the Syrian government, which refused to be repatriated even though his identity was revealed while acting as an advisor to the Syrian government. Despite endless dangers such as being blinded by bombs packed in mails, he was finally able to spend his life in Damascus, Syria.
<Park Won-soon: Forever Chased Nazi Criminals - History of Nazi War Crimes>
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