Last time, Bangra, a half-million-year history of Punjab and Bangra, a half-thousand-year history of Bangra, were roughly explained, but it seems necessary to add to Bangra as a folk music rather than a modern Bangra. The same is true of the Punjab region, the origin of Bangra. Above all, the Punjab region is a region that has been subjected to a sly fate by political forces around it. Starting with the migration of the Aryans, the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great of Greece, the Islamic Arab forces, and the Mongolian Empire of Genghis Khan dominated the Punjab region one after another. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Guru Nanak Dev invented Sikhism with the doctrine of revolutionizing the caste system and all kinds of dogmas. Sikhism has since dominated the consciousness of the Punjab people, and if you think of the chaotic history up to that point, you can understand the rise of Sikhism. As Sikhism expanded, the Sikh kingdom was created by Ranjit Singh in 1801. However, when he died in 1839, the kingdom disappeared, and soon Punjab was colonized by England along with other parts of the Indian continent. It was in 1849. Punjabs were also the most fiercely resistant forces under British colonial rule. In 1919, the same year as the March 1 Independence Movement in Korea, a large-scale demonstration involving more than 20,000 people took place in Amritsar, the capital of Punjab, and the army opened fire on protesters, killing 379 people and injuring 1,200 people. The incident led to the emergence of revolutionaries from Punjab, who took a different line from Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated a "non-violent line." Among these revolutionaries, Bhagat Singh and Udham Singh have made a long-standing achievement as "heroes of Punjab." Bagat Singh shot an Indian-bashing British official in 1928, and Woodam Singh shot and killed Punjab ruler Michael O'Dwyer in London in 1940. Interestingly, when Woodam Singh was arrested, he was using the name Mohamed Singh Azad. If you look closely, you can see that it has all the names of Islam, Sikh, and Hindu. These two heroes later appeared frequently in Bangra's lyrics. Kuldip Manak - Udam Singh When India became independent of Britain in 1947, the Punjab region did not become an independent country advocating Sikhism. The eastern Punjab was merged into Hindu India and the western Punjab into Islam's Pakistan. It is unclear whether this division of Punjab was caused by the "crime of disgust" that they resisted the most fiercely during colonial rule, but it is clear that Punjab people suffered the most damage from the division. Many people living in the Punjab area carried out immigration to avoid hardships and violence. Because India belonged to the Commonwealth, it was relatively free to migrate to places belonging to the same Commonwealth, so many immigrants were made not only in the UK but also in Canada. In industrial cities such as London, Birmingham, and Manchester, it did not take long for Punjab people to create an "Asian community." How did Bangra emerge and evolve in this rough history? There is a theory that it was born during the war against Alexander the Great's invasion of Greece, but it is similar to the claim that "the Gojoseon ruled the Chinese continent." It is a theory that emphasizes that the so-called Bangra is "resistive music." Rather, it is a more dominant theory that it originated from a song that farmers sang in their spare time while working in the fields around the 14th-15th century. This soon gave birth to a festival to celebrate the harvest of April 13, called Baisakhi (not the "harvest" because it is spring). In Korea, it would be an event similar to Chuseok Play Hanmadang. At the festival, music and dance naturally blend together, resulting in a specific style. After that, the use of music harmonized with dance in large and small local temples such as weddings and New Year's festivals as well as festivals to celebrate harvests became common. Bangra is used as a meta-genre that encompasses various dances. If you encounter words such as Jhumar, Luddi, Giddha, Giddha, Luddi, Daankara, Damal, Saami, and Gatka in the literature, you can think of them as various variants of Bangra. Among them, let's just know that Jumar is a dance that makes a circle around a drum player and sings (like Ganggangsuwolrae?), Rudy dances while twisting like a snake, and a long woman claps her hands. You don't know Korean dance well, but you don't need to know Indian dance, but if you live in an area where many Indian/Pakistani workers live, you may be able to see this dance at the "Foreign Workers' Women's Feast held by the district office." The clothes worn when dancing like this are also unique. Men usually wear turbanes called Bugaris and long tops called Kurta. On the waist, you wear something similar to a belly band called "lunghi." The woman wears a long coat and loose pants and wraps what she calls a dupattas around her neck. It is clear from the picture that the clothes are tacky and all natural colors. The last story is about the Bangra costume and the most important musical instrument of the stone drum. If you feel "Oh, it's Bangra" when you listen to music, nine out of ten may be due to the drum sound of a stone. In the future, if it is marked as "stone," it will be misunderstood as a jangdol, so let's mark it as "stone drum" from now on. The stone, a large drum with a width of 15 inches, is played with two sticks with a leather strap on its shoulder. He is mainly in charge of bass notes, but the notes are high. There are also drums such as dhad, dafli, dholki, and damru on top of the stone drum, but to distinguish them, I think I have to listen to music hard in the future. On the other hand, tumbi and sarangi are representative of stringed instruments, and the tumbi consists of one line, and the sarangi consists of several lines. As you can see by listening to music belonging to the category of Bangra while meeting Bangra and drum machines and houses, "modern" Bangra is not only used by Punjab's traditional instruments. In terms of music style as well as musical instruments, it is mixing with houses, reggae, and hip-hop to create new hybrids. According to data referenced in writing so far, legendary musicians of "Modern" Bangra, such as Kuldip Manak, Chamkila, and Amarjyot, were introduced in Punjab in the 1960s and 1970s, but a more interesting phenomenon would be music made outside Punjab (and). First of all, let's limit our view to some cities in England. First of all, let's quote an item about Bangra in Roy Shuker's book Key Concepts in Popular Music (Han Narae, 1999). "It is a genre of Indian-British music based on Punjab's traditional folk dance music, played on percussion instruments. Bangra developed with three waves in the UK. It was a dance pop played in a synthesizer, guitar, and drum set in the late 1970s in the Indian community, and the second was combined with house, dance music, and drum machines in the 1980s, and finally became a bangramuffin' by combining rap, sampling, and Jamaican ragga or dance hall rhythms. The last of these cases was commercial success across Asia and in the UK by artists like Sheila Chandra and Apache Indian. For young Asian people, Bangra is part of claiming cultural identity that is distinct from established society and parents' identity." - Key Concepts in Popular Music, p. 26 (domestic translation pp. 147-8), where little is known about Bangra in the 1970s. Until the 1970s, Bangra albums were not distributed according to the mainstream music industry's system, but were only sold at small stores (so-called corner shops!) or Asian grocery stores in the region where Asian people live. Also, even though Bangra musicians were "live artists" during this period, they were not "recording artists." In other words, it means that there was nothing to be called a "regular album." According to Billboard, which released a long cover story about Bangra in 1994, 90 percent of Bangra's albums will still be distributed through Ethnic Independent Retailers. Bangra albums are still sold as low-priced cassette considering the income level of Indian residents there, so they seem to have a distribution structure similar to Korea's Guruma Tape and Expressway Road Medley. Recording artists also appeared in Bangra since the 1980s. If you refer to Roy Shirker's quote above, this is the time when a style combined with dance music such as house was already created. The music representing Bangra during this period will be Malkit Singh and Alaap. Malkit Sing, nicknamed "Golden Voice of Punjab," was born in 1963 in Punjab. After his success in India, he moved to England in the mid-1980s with his band Golden Star. It has achieved some success internationally, with 16 officially released albums and performances in 27 countries.
He was influenced by the aforementioned Bangra legend Kuldip Manak and Pakistan's Kawali godfather Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, who later combined Jamaica's ragga, and enjoyed wide popularity in India, Canada and Australia. Leo: I understand it's Daler Mehndi's Tunak Tunak Bangra, which was popular a few years ago.
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