The relationship between Goguryeo and the north latitude.

 1. The fall of Bukyeon, Goguryeo, which established a relief order centered on the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria, and became its central country, adds strength to its relationship with the Northern Dynasties of the North-South Dynasties. Bukyeon, which became the subordinate country of Goguryeo during the reign of King Gwanggaeto, was a buffer zone with the Northern Dynasties. However, Bukyeon was attacked by the northern part of the country that unified North China in 436 and reached the point of collapse. As the northern forces spread beyond the Great Wall of China, Goguryeo decided that Bukyeon no longer had any meaning as a buffer state, leading to a complete reception of Bukyeon. Bukyeon asks Goguryeo for help when it is attacked by the North. Accordingly, Goguryeo sends General Gallo and Maenggwang to greet King Bukyeon at Hwaryong (Joyang region), the capital of Bukyeon, with 20,000 soldiers. In addition, Goguryeo troops take soldiers from Bukyeon and enter the castle, take out the soldiers from the armory, give them to Bukyeon soldiers, and empty the castle. In addition, all the people of Bukyeon were moved to the east, and even the palace was burned. In this operation to move the people of Bukyeon to Goguryeo, Goguryeo troops marched on the left and right sides, and Go Pil, the commander of the Northern Guard, who was watching it, was afraid and did not dare to step forward. At this time, Bukyeon completely surrendered to Goguryeo. Numerous people also moved to Goguryeo under the escort of Goguryeo soldiers. It was not forcibly occupied by Goguryeo forces, but was done at the request of the North. Bukyeon, as a subordinate country of Goguryeo, requested relief from its home country. The reason why the Northern Guard, which was trying to take over the northern part of the country, could not attack Goguryeo's acceptance of the northern part of the country was because it was afraid of Goguryeo's power. Bukyeon was able to attack because it was a small country, but he did not dare to face Goguryeo head-on. Even from this incident, it is confirmed that Goguryeo turned Bukyeon into a subordinate country and made it a buffer zone with northern countries. 

2. The truth of tributes This strengthens the relationship between Goguryeo and Song to the north and further presses the north by strengthening the relationship between the north and the south. However, regarding the relationship between Goguryeo and the north latitude at that time, it is recorded in <Samguksagi> that Goguryeo donated countless times to the north latitude. The term "jogong" means an example of a kind of king and servant performed by the emperor to Heaven within the longitudinal feudal system of Seoju (770-250 BC). In addition, the term "((" was devised to strengthen mutual friendship and solidarity between descendants, and it is derived from the example of mutual relationship located below, saying that large ones are supported and small ones are small. Contributes and garrison have been expanded into an international order between various ancient East Asian countries, and it has been summarized as China's orthodox state becomes the center, offering tributes to neighboring countries, and China's correspondingly giving Chaekbong and gifts. The relationship between tribute and bookkeeping was an external expression of Chinese civilization. It was believed that the world governed by Heaven was China, and Heaven should exercise the same control over the world outside China. Only then will the mission of heaven be achieved to rule the whole world on behalf of heaven. In addition, the people of China were chosen people under the direct rule of heaven, so they believed that there was an essential difference from barbarians (people who escaped from the benefits of civilization) who were not even ruled by heaven. In other words, the realization of the relationship between tribute and bookkeeping was a logic to realize their worldview in the outside world. There is also a positive aspect of the tribute relationship. The tribute relationship gave the weak countries an opportunity to ensure their own safety and further accommodate and develop a higher culture. In addition, tribute relations have brought about many exchanges of goods, and it has the effect of expanding a country's range of actions in more diverse international relations. In addition, it is not much of a relationship that neighboring countries have donated due to direct or indirect pressure from the central country. In some cases, tributes were made to find their own status in a larger international order as their power grew. In this case, the status of the tributes may be determined by the grade of the volunteer work given by the central country to the tributes. The tribute relationship was only a relationship that gained justification from each other in diplomatic and commercial relations between various countries. Therefore, when you want to give up your justification and get practical benefits, the problem of justification may not be so important. However, China, which prides itself on being the central country in tribute relations, valued justification more than practicality. Therefore, in their history books, diplomatic relations were often packaged differently from the facts based on the theory of justification. When Chinese civilization had a strong power, a relationship between tributes and bookkeeping could be achieved. However, when the Chinese civilization weakened, the relationship between tributes and bookkeeping did not take place, and rather, China donated to the outside world. A typical example was the relationship with the Hunno in the early Han Dynasty, and so was the relationship between pine trees and yos and pine trees. The relationship between the north and Goguryeo is also believed to have been a tribute to Goguryeo. In other words, the practical realization of the relationship between tributes and bookkeeping depends on the strength and weakness of power. There are so many records of Goguryeo's tribute in <Samguksagi>, which was only created because articles based on the Chinese justification theory were cited in <Samguksagi>. In the case of Goguryeo, they would have no choice but to give tribute to them until the king's mother, Joo, returned after giving in to the Moyong scholar, a period when the power of the enemy was strong. However, in the state that Goguryeo became stronger, the tribute relationship was reversed, and the tribute relationship was realized through the external expression of Goguryeo civilization. Goguryeo became the central country where tributes were received, and the countries that offered tributes were given bookkeeping or gifts. These include sending envoys to celebrate Goguryeo's becoming the king of Bukyeon and giving clothes to King Silla as gifts. After King Gwanggaeto the Great, this situation emerged remarkably, which is an expression of the international order formed around Goguryeo. Goguryeo also conquered Dongbuyeo, Suksin, and Baekje for not offering tribute. When it comes to tributes, we have not always been tributes. This is because history has always changed. There were many differences in justification and practice from time to time due to the strength and weakness of power. The relationship with the north latitude was also influenced by power and real politics.  

3. At the time of the northern treatment of Goguryeo, the northern part of the country had accommodations where envoys from each country stayed, and Goguryeo was said to be the second after the envoy of Namje. However, in <Namjeseo>, in the 77th year of King Jangsu (489), Namje's envoy went to the north and placed Namje's envoy in the same place as Goguryeo's envoy, indicating that Goguryeo was actually treated as the No. 1 neighboring country in the north. The only thing the Northern Wei treated Namje was the gate of competition that inherited the legitimacy of Chinese civilization. Considering the Namje people's position to raise themselves, the Northern Wei actually favors Goguryeo the highest. The northern part was bordered by the hostile Namje, Yuyeon, the northern powerhouse, and various Western countries, but among them, Goguryeo was the most feared. The title given to King Jangsu by the Northern Wi was "General Cha Dae-gi Tae-bu~King Goguryo", which was the title of the highest general (Jeong 1 Poomha) given to other countries by the Northern Wi, and Tae-bu was the highest official. This is the most unconventional act given by the North to neighboring countries, meaning that Goguryeo was specially treated. In <Wiseo>, it is said that King Sejong of the North, who welcomed the envoy Yesilbul of Goguryeo, said, "Goguryo has been conquering all orangkas by freely controlling overseas under the title of Sangsang for generations." At that time, Goguryeo was the strongest country to conquer all neighboring countries in the Eastern region, and the North acknowledged that the world centered on Goguryeo was developing. 4. What was the actual relationship between Goguryeo and the north? Then, what was the actual relationship between the north and Goguryeo? In the 23rd year of King Jangsu (435), Goguryeo sent envoys to the north and demanded that the genealogy of the kings of the north be dedicated. The 23rd year of King Jangsu's reign was a year before the Northern Wei destroyed Bukyeon. At that time, there was a lot of controversy in the north latitude, but in the end, they dedicated their genealogy and name to Goguryeo through envoys. Writing down the genealogy and name of the kings of all time is an act that the subordinate country does only to the king's country. An example was performed by the Northern Wei against Goguryeo. Lee Oh, who came as an envoy at the time, said that Goguryeo had three times more population than during the Three Kingdoms Period and that the palace was very colorful. It was the death of King Jangsu that more clearly showed that the Northern Wei had the courtesy of his subjects for Goguryeo. When King Jangsu died in 491, Gojo of the north latitude (471-499) wore so-called Mora's white hat and clothes made of cloth worn during the funeral of Four Sim and went out to the eastern suburbs to express mourning, and sent envoys and all kinds of things to Goguryeo. In addition, when King Munjawang died in 519, Yeong Tae-hoo, the wife of King Sejong and mother of King Sukjong, expressed condolences at the eastern shrine in sorrow and sent condolences to Goguryeo. In addition, in 508, King Sejong of the Northern Wei built a shrine called Goryeomyo Shrine, where Goguryeo's founder was held in Cheongju-Shandongseong Fortress. When King Muyeol of Silla died, Danggojo held a mourning ceremony. However, even the shrine was built, and the king did not do it himself. It seems that no country in China has ever built a shrine where the king directly hosts a mourning ceremony and sacrifices the founder of the country in mourning because the king of another country died. Likewise, Goguryeo has never worn mourning clothes by the king himself, no matter what emperor of China died. It is necessary to actively review the meaning of the fact that the Northern Wei, which was powerful in the era of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, provided Goguryeo with such examples of subjects. If you dig deeper into the internal circumstances of the northern part of the country and Goguryeo's national power at that time, you can understand the northern part's behavior toward Goguryeo. At that time, the border between Goguryeo and the north seems to have crossed today's Great Wall, albeit temporarily. Song Eun, who was in hostile relations with the north, called King Jangsu King Goguryeo, the ruler of Yeong and Pyeongiju. In <Songseo>, this title is shown in the 12th year of King Jangsu (424) and 51st year (463). It means that during the Song Dynasty (420-479), Goguryeo was continuously expanding its power in Yeongju and Pyeongju. During the Northern Wei period, Yeongju is an area centered on the cultivation of the Daerungha basin, and Pyeongju is an area ranging from the downstream of the orchid and Beijing centered on Changryo and Biyeohyeon south of the Great Wall. Song believes that Goguryeo dominated this area. Goguryeo, which confronted the north latitude at the time of the collapse of the north latitude, may have decided the border with the north latitude south of the Great Wall of China. In other words, there is a possibility that it may be Goguryeo's territory to the vicinity of Beijing today. In <Yangseo> and <Goguryojeon>, Goguryeo continued to have control over the Pyeongju area from the days of King Gwanggaeto to King Anjang (519-531). Of course, since the countries that gave the Goguryeo king the title of ruler of Pyeongju were the Southern Dynasty countries that were hostile to the North at the time, it is unreasonable to prepare for the actual situation because Goguryeo knew its ambition to occupy the Pyeongju area. However, Goguryeo has no connection to the Pyeongju area, so there will be no reason for these countries to use such names. At that time, Goguryeo had enough national power to advance to this area.