Choi Young, the last hero of Goryeo

 Choi Young appeared at the forefront of history with the trust of the people as a hero who defeated Hong Geon-jeok and Japanese pirates in the chaotic domestic and international situations of Won, Myeongchanggi, and the late Goryeo Dynasty. However, while dreaming of conquering Yodong with the intention of restoring the old Goguryeo territory, he lost his life to the Lee Seong-gye clan who opposed it. At the time of Choi Young's birth, Goryeo's fate was slowly ending due to internal and external troubles that had been constantly suffering. Goryeo, which endured the invasion of Kitan and Yeojin, was invaded by Mongolia again after more than 100 years of military rule due to the invocation of foreigners and finally took control of them. The incompetent kings of Goryeo were eager to curry favor with Mongol interference in everything, but with the loss of their independence. Then, Japanese pirates who despised the helpless Goryeo Dynasty invaded the southwest sea from time to time, leading to arson and looting. King Gongmin, who appeared at this time, tried to recover the sovereignty of Goryeo and revive the country through reform by escaping the interference of Mongolia. However, it was not enough to correct the already leaning country and soon hit the limit. Inside, the Kwon Mun-se people who lined up in the Yuan Dynasty constantly criticized King Gongmin's policy, and outside, the national power declined due to the constant invasion of Hong Geon-jeok and Japanese pirates. At this time, Choi Young tried hard to overcome the confusion and raise a tilted country by preventing the invasion of Hong Geon-jeok and Japanese pirates. However, when Ming tried to dominate Goryeo, he planned to conquer Liaodong and changed the world with Yi Seong-gye's Wihwado-gun. ◆ Choi Young, the hero of the turbulent times, was born in 1316 as the son of Choi Won-jik, the fifth generation descendant of Choi Yu-cheong, who served as a minister of Jungseo Sirangpyeong during the reign of King Uijong and Myeongjong. He has had a strange appearance and strength since he was young. He was first appointed as Udalchi, who participated in the battle against Japanese pirates under Yanggwangdo Do Sunmunsa, and was appointed to the military along with Kim Cheom-soo and Choi Won when Cho Il-shin rebelled in 1352. In 1354, he was promoted to Daeho-gun. At that time, when Hong Geon-jeok, led by Jang Sa-seong, rebelled in the Yuan Dynasty, he asked Goryeo for relief troops. Choi Young went to the Yuan Dynasty with about 2,000 soldiers along with about 40 generals, including Yu Tak and Yeom Je-shin. Choi Young fought against Hong Geon-jeok by helping the Yuan Dynasty to overthrow the monk, but he was forced to disperse the soldiers because Tal Tal was forced to resign from office after suffering from Chamso. The following year, Choi Young, who called up troops again to fight the rebels, fought in Hoean-ro and Palijang and showed bravery. In addition, when 8,000 Hong Geon-jeok surrounded Hoeanseong Fortress, they fought day and night and defeated it. However, the enemy did not give up and attacked again. At this time, Choi Young broke through the enemy forces and fought for battle, regardless of the injuries that were stabbed several times. Choi Young's recklessness, which does not spare his body, made the enemy less afraid, and it was the same when he subsequently defeated the Japanese pirates. In 1356, the following year after Choi Young returned from Yuan Dynasty, King Gongmin finally pulled a bow to Yuan Dynasty. King Gongmin first removed the power gods such as Ki-cheol and Gwon-gyeom, the Buwon faction, and abolished the Jeongdong Haengjungseoseong Leemunso, which was established by the Yuan Dynasty to interfere with the internal affairs of Goryeo. After that, King Gongmin took military action against the Ssangseong General Office, which was established in the area to control the northeast of the Yalu River and Won, who belonged to the Yuan Dynasty. At this time, Choi Young became Byeongmabusa in Seobuk-myeon, attacking 8 Cham along with Indang and Shinsoon, and defeating 3 Cham, including Pasabu. Choi Young, who was appointed to the Jeolla-do, Yanggwang-do, the following year after the Northeast Face Copy in 1358, destroyed the Japanese pirates in the southwest sea by defeating the Japanese pirates who entered Oyepo with 400 military ships, and from then on, he began to be revered as a hero. ◆ Master of the Yeonjeon Battle. In 1359, Choi Young became a soldier in Seobuk-myeon as a major in defeating Japanese pirates. At this time, 40,000 large armies of Hong Geon-jeok, led by Mogogyeong, crossed the Yalu River and invaded Goryeo, causing the fall of Seogyeong. Choi Young fought with Hong Geon-jeok in Saengyang, Cheolhwa, Seogyeong, and Hamjong, along with Lee Bang-sil, Anwoo, and Kim Jin-jin, and won. In particular, in the fight to recapture Seogyeong, he fought with Han Im-ah, the leader of Hong Geon-jeok, to defeat the enemy commander and boost the morale of our troops. He was ordained to Pyongyang Yun and Sunmunsa Temple in Seobuk-myeon the following year for this major. The people were severely damaged by the war and had to suffer from disease and hunger. Choi Young set up a relief center, distributed seeds to the people, and recommended sowing, while collecting and burying the remains of soldiers who died in battle. But the cry didn't end with that. In 1361, when Choi Young became a patrolman in Seobuk-myeon, Hong Geon-jeok, led by Banghwa, Saya, Gwanseonsa, and Joo Won-soo, invaded Goryeo again with 100,000 troops and even captured the capital, Gaegyeong. King Gongmin, who fled to Bokju, ordered the following year to reorganize the army and recapture Gaegyeong. Accordingly, Choi Young gathered 100,000 soldiers along with Jeong Se-woon, Ahn Woo, Lee Bang-sil, Kim Deuk-bae, and Han Bang-shin to repel Hong Geon-jeok and recapture Gaegyeong. With this major, he was named the first contributor and was awarded a lot of land and slaves by King Gongmin and became an ionospanseo. In March 1363, when Kim Yong rebelled to kill King Gongmin at Heungwangsa Temple, Choi Young ran with Woo-je, Ahn Woo-kyung, and Kim Jang-soo to Heungwangsa Temple, suppressed the rebels, rescued King Gongmin safely, and returned to Gaegyeong. With this achievement, he became the left-name contributor of Jin Chung-chung, followed by the Panchil Jiksa Pyeongri and became a proponent. The following year, when Choi Yu, who had rebelled against King Gongmin's anti-won policy, surrounded Uijoo across the Yalu River to appoint Deokheung-gun as King of Goryeo, Choi Young became a governor and led Jeong Ye-gun to fight against the enemy. After losing the battle, Choi Yu burned the camp and ran away across the Yalu River. So Choi Young once again rescued the country from the crisis. ◆ suffer from the scourge of new money Despite his numerous majors in the battlefield, Choi Young was on the verge of losing his life after being convicted of suffering from Chamso. It was because of the discord with Sindon, who was trusted by King Gongmin at the time and controlled the state affairs. In the past, when Sindon was staying at the house of Kim Ran, a secret messenger, Kim Ran made her two daughters take care of Sindon's bed. Then Choi Young, who saw this, scolded Kim Ran loudly, and since then, Shin Don has been looking for an opportunity to revenge against Choi Young with spite. Then one day, when Choi Young spent time hunting in Gobong-hyeon along with Gyeongbokheung, Sindon used it as an excuse to sue King Gongmin. King Gongmin sent Lee Soon, the magistrate of Pangaeseong, and said, "Kyungyeong is the commander of the East-West River, and even though Japanese pirates entered Changneung and took Sejo's portrait, he did not know. So why is it that even though Kim Sok-myeong took over the place of King, the King did not quickly hand over the soldiers to Kim Sok-myeong and was only hunting without an attempt? Even if you don't blame it, will you forgive me? I am now offering my lord to Gyerim-yoon, so please leave for your post as soon as possible," he scolded Choi Young. Choi Young immediately left for his post, saying, "Today, there are few people who preserve their bodies as sinners, but I became Gyerimyun, so this is also due to the grace of your highness." Sindon's reference to Choi Young did not end there. He lied again, saying that Choi Young colluded with Lee Gu-soo, Yang Baek-ik, Seok Moon-sung, and Park Chun with Naesung Kim Soo-man to separate the top and bottom, and to reject and kick out good officials. At this time, King Gongmin ruled in favor of Sindon. At that time, King Gongmin, who lost Princess Noh Guk-jang and left the country's affairs to the Sindon faction, was no longer seen actively engaged in reform politics at the beginning of his enthronement. Sindon sent Lee Deuk-rim to visit Choi Young. Xiayeong falsely confessed and rather pressed Lee Ik-rim, saying, "Execute the sentence quickly." At this time, Choi Young had to go to exile while being deprived of more than three government posts and confiscated his family fortune. Then, in 1371, Sindon lost the favor of King Gongmin and tried to rebel Only after being discovered and executed in advance, Choi Young was able to return to the government office as a literary proclamation. Choi Young, who was appointed as a Yukdo Patrol Officer in 1373, was given the authority to write military records, build battleships, and dispose of criminals immediately, as well as the promotion and retirement of generals and chiefs. At this time, Choi Young asked a person over 70 years old to collect rice according to his family line and replenish it with the head of the county, which caused great resentment from the people. Using this as an excuse, when Choi Young was appointed to Gyeongsang-do, Jeolla-do, and Yanggwang-do Dosunmunsa the following year, the private court opposed it. Choi Young said, "My conviction has been devoted to my country with all his heart, and now I have heard slander like this. I ask you to dismiss me from my post," he said, appealing for my resignation. King Gongmin regarded Choi Young as honest, but was unable to overcome the torch of Daegan and his officials, and ordered him to recommend a replacement for Choi Young. However, he soon changed his mind and dismissed Kim Sok-myeong, an ambassador who refuted Choi Young, and demoted Jipyeong Choi Won-yu to Yeonan Advice-General, and gave Choi Young the title of Jin Chung-chung's Seonjwa Myeongjeongran Gongsin. However, when Choi Young became a provincial governor of Gyeongsang-do, Jeolla-do, and Yanggwang-do and suppressed Tamna Mokho's rebellion and returned in October, King Gongmin was already killed by Choi Man-saeng. King Gongmin, who once advocated anti-won policy and reform politics and led Goryeo to the path of rejuvenation, died at the age of 45 in 1374, 23 years after his reign. in the wake of King When Prince Kangnyeong Buwongun ascended the throne, he was King Wu. ◆ Even after King Wu of the Battle of Hongsan ascended to the throne, the Japanese pirates continued to plunder. The following year, when the Japanese invaders who invaded Buyeo reached Gongju, Gongju Pastor Kim Sa-hyuk went out to Jeonghyeon and fought against the Japanese invaders, but they were defeated. When the enemy Park In-gye was killed in battle with the Japanese invaders who invaded Seokseong Fortress, Choi Young said he would participate with the soldiers and play Japanese. However, King Wu dissuaded Choi Young, saying she was too old to go to war. However, Choi said, "If we lose the timing now and don't stop them, it will be even harder to defeat them in the future. Also, using other people as generals to prevent Japanese invaders is not only a small chance of winning, but also because they are not fully trained soldiers, so they cannot use it. Although his body is old, his will has not declined. I'm just trying to preserve my resignation and protect the royal family. Please let your men go out with you, if you earnestly asked. King Wu said, "The general must come back alive. I don't even want to think about Goryeo without a general," he said reluctantly, allowing him to play. When Choi Young reached Hongsan Mountain with soldiers, the Japanese pirates who arrived first and occupied the high ground were camped in a rough and narrow place. It was surrounded by high cliffs on all three sides, so it could only be reached through one road. Then, many generals were afraid and could not advance any further. Then Choi Young personally took the lead and ran the horse to the enemy line. At this time, the Japanese pirates' arrow hit Choi Young's lips and blood flowed, but he shot the enemy soldier without changing his face color and knocked it down, and took out the arrow. And when he wielded a knife and rushed like a stormy old man and killed countless enemy soldiers at random, the soldiers, who were enraged by Choi Young's fight, drove the momentum and completely wiped out the Japanese pirates. King Wu, who heard the news of the victory, was very happy and gave Choi Young a drink and a saddle, and sent a clinic to treat Choi Young's wounds with care. Since then, Japanese pirates have been very afraid of Choi Young, calling him "Baekbal General Choi Man-ho," and it is said that he immediately stepped down when they heard rumors that Choi Young was in the Goryeo military camp. King Wu tried to appoint Choi Young to the post, but Choi Young stubbornly refused, saying, "If you take on a heavy responsibility, it is difficult to fight without sparing your body, so wait for the Japanese to be calmed down before you do so." Then King Wu instead sealed Choi Young to Cheorwon Buwon-gun. The following year, Japanese pirates took advantage of the night again to land, burned about 50 battleships, and killed more than 1,000 soldiers. And it invaded Ganghwa and threatened Gaegyeong. King Wu imprisoned Son Kwang-yu, Kim Ji-seo, and Kwak Eon-ryong, who were defeated in the battle with the Japanese pirates, and stationed Choi Young in the Ascension Department as a provincial governor to prevent the Japanese pirates. Then, the Japanese pirates who fled from Ganghwa invaded prefectures such as Suan, Tongjin, and Dongseong to engage in looting. At that time, Gyeongsang-do Marshal Woo In-ryeol said, "The Japanese ship's sails and masts touch each other to cover the sea, so we sent soldiers to divide the fortress, but the enemy's strength is so large that it is difficult to prevent it with the military of Hando. Please send reinforcements as soon as possible." The appeal, which came up in a situation where it was difficult to defend against the Japanese pirates staying in Ganghwa because they were close to Gaegyeong, once again caused concern over the adjustment of Goryeo. Then Choi Young stepped up and said to King Wu, "Reinforcement is a fortress that prevents the enemy, but the power gods are rushing to take over the region's battlefield, so they are not properly covering the military. Therefore, it would be better to attribute the privately owned fields in Ganghwa to the state and cover the quantity with the output from them." With King Wu's permission, Choi Young moved the old and young children to land and let the young people farm. In addition, 10 servants and horses were requisitioned from each enemy, and those guarding the palace and warehouses were sent to Ganghwa to guard the border to prepare for the invasion of Japanese pirates. In 1378, Japanese pirates who came to the Ascension Department after landing again spread rumors that they would attack Gaegyeong in the future. Surprised by this, the Goryeo court issued martial law, divided the military forces and stationed them in the East and West rivers, and set up guards at the gate to prepare for enemy invasion. At this time, Choi Young encouraged the soldiers to camp in the sea breeze and made Yang Baek-yeon, a pro-sa, as vice marshal. The Japanese pirates, who knew this, said, "If Choi Young's army is broken, Gaegyeong will collapse on its own," and the other camps have not attacked but have immediately advanced to the sea breeze. Choi Young went out to fight with Yang Baek-yeon, saying, "The survival of the country is determined by this one fight," and the Japanese have attacked Choi Young only. At this time, Lee Seong-gye joined forces with elite cavalry and was able to defeat the enemy greatly. Choi Young chased the fleeing Japanese pirates to the end and beat the enemy back. King Wu, who was preparing to evacuate, lifted martial law with confidence when the lion came and delivered the victory report. ◆ Even if it's the king's will... Choi Young was a strong-minded person who always corrected wrongdoings. When Jeong Ji was defeated in the battle against Japanese pirates in Suncheon and Joyang, Gyeongbokheung and Woo In-ryul visited Choi Young and insisted that Jeong Ji should be held responsible. Then Choi Young said, "Why aren't the chiefs worried when the Japanese invasion is severe with ito? Since the Japanese pirates ran wild and reached this point, no matter how brave Jung-ji was, what would he do with so many enemies by himself?" and Kyung Bok-heung and others were ashamed to raise their faces. Another time, an official named Heo Wan and Yoon Bang-bang used King Woo's nanny Jang to suppress Lim Gyeon-mi and Do Gil-bu. King Wu only heard Jang's words and sent Im Gyeon-mi and others home and banned them from entering the palace. In response, Lim Gyeon-mi and others rushed to Choi Young, Kyung Bok-heung, and Lee In-im and said, "Heo Wan and others will be angry with the balls as they try to kill us two." Shortly after that, Heo Wan and others called Choi Young under the false royal name. In preparation for an emergency, Choi Young gathered at Heungguksa Temple with Gyeongbokheung and Lee In-im to place soldiers around him, gathered officials, and asked King Wu to visit Jang. When King Wu called, Choi Young tried to enter the palace, saying, "God will come in if your Highness allows our request." Then the ministers said, "Don't go in rashly because you're in the palace. If the ball goes, the soldiers will surely make a fuss, and the country will not be comfortable either," Choi said. Choi Young did not go to the palace according to the words of the presidents. Instead, the officials entered the palace, took Jang down, and asked him to be questioned. When King Wu refused to allow this, Choi Young and others locked up Jang's foot parties, Kang Yu, Kwon Won-soon, and Kwon Won-bo, and questioned them. Then King Wu locked up Jeong Nan-bong, an eunuch who leaked the incident, and called Gyeongbokheung and Mokin-gil, saying, "How can't Guajin save a nanny as a king?" Release them and do not charge them with a crime." However, let's ask Choi Young and others to continue to bury Jang's sins without losing. King Wu disembarked Heo Wan and Yun Bang, and asked Choi Young, "What kind of bandits does the police keep leading soldiers to prevent them from coming even when Guajin is calling? In the past, the police ordered the soldiers to be disbanded, saying, "You said you were loyal to several generations, but where is the loyalty?" Choi Young said, "If the conviction goes in at the call, the soldiers will definitely have a different conviction. If God enters the palace with an army, the sin deserves to die. How can a conviction fear death, but it does not seem to be the will of the chief mourner, so he does not dare to do so. Although the body of the conviction is written, the relationship is so great that the country will be in danger if it dies at the hands of the deceitful." When Choi Young continued to ask Jang to be thrown out, King Wu sent Jang to Lee In-im's house and told him not to kill her, but to remove the title of the wife of the National University. Finally, Jang was exiled, Heo Wan and Unbang were killed, and all the people involved in this matter were killed or beaten and deported. Soon after, he even killed Jang. As such, Choi Young did not budge from his will, confronting the king even if he was in front of the right thing. In 1388, Choi Young, who climbed to Munha-jung, purged Yeom Heung-bang and Lim Gyeon-mi, who were engaged in corruption under King Woo's orders. At this time, when King Wu sent someone to welcome Choi Young's daughter as his queen, Choi Young said, "The daughter of the conviction is not of good character and is not my wife's child, so I will put it in the measuring room and not use it as a master's badge. If your Highness tells you to come in, your conviction will shave your head and enter the mountain." However, King Wu reluctantly allowed it as he continued to send people to persuade them. ◆ Entering 1388, the Goryeo dynasty was in great danger due to diplomatic friction with the Ming Dynasty.The Ming Dynasty, which defeated the Yuan Dynasty and newly became the owner of the Jungwon Continent, sent Yi Sa-gyeong and others to declare that Cheolryeong, Idong, and Iseo across the Yalu River belonged to the Yuan Dynasty, so soldiers in the region belonged to the Ming Dynasty, regardless of Koreans, Yeojin, Tatar, and Goryeo. In August of that year, it was notified that the Cheolryeongwi would be established in the jurisdiction of the Ssangseong General Office. Choi Young began to prepare for the Liaodong conquest in earnest by recruiting soldiers with the position that he could never give up the territory north of Cheolryeong to the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Wang Deuk-myeong, a white tiger in Liaodong, was sent by the Later Military Provincial Office of the Ming Dynasty to notify that the Cheolryeong Committee was established. After informing King Wu of this fact, Choi Young killed 21 Ming soldiers who brought the visit. In addition, five people, including Lee Sa-gyeong, were allowed to stay as they were, and then soldiers were deployed to monitor their residence. Prior to the conquest of Liaodong, King Wu left for Haeju with Yeongbi and Choi Young, saying he was hunting. Meanwhile, Woo Hyun-bo was asked to protect the fortress and the generals were requisitioned and taken together, so the name was hunting, but in fact, the purpose of the military training for the conquest of Liaodong. Finally, King Wu called Choi Young and Lee Seong-gye and said, "I want to conquer Liaodong, so do your best." issued a royal order. Lee Seong-gye objected, "It is not right for a small country to go against a large country, it is inappropriate to move troops in summer, and Japanese pirates will take advantage of the time to leave the conquest, and we are afraid that the bow will melt and soldiers will get sick during the rainy season." However, Wu Wang said, "We can't stop here because we've already raised an army." However, Lee Seong-gye did not back down and said, "If you want to achieve that plan, you can stay in Seogyeong for now and wait for autumn and then serve in the army afterwards, and the field will be strewn with grain to cover the amount of food. However, if you move your troops in an untimely time like now, even if you take one of the cities of Liaodong, you will not be able to advance them any longer because of rain and water, and even if the army becomes negligent and lacks food, it will only cause great anger."I answered. However, despite Lee Seong-gye's strong opposition, King Wu and Choi Young continued to push for a turbulent conquest. King Wu used Choi Young as Paldo Tongsa, Cho Min-soo as Left-gun Do Tongsa, and Lee Seong-gye as Right-gun Do Tongsa, and sent 40,000 regular soldiers to the war. Choi Young tried to advance to Liaodong with his own command, but King Wu left Choi Young in Seogyeong, saying, "The reason King Wu was harmed was because King Gyeong was not there, how can he stay away from him for a day?" However, the movement of Lee Seong-gye and others, who were strongly opposed to the turbulent conquest from the beginning, was unusual. Lee Seong-gye, who stationed troops on Wihwado Island along with Cho Min-soo, raised an appeal and asked to turn the troops around. Then Choi Young-eun said, "The two provincial governors will have to come and tell the chief mourner. I can never say let's defeat the troops.He flatly refused. King Wu also did not listen to this and urged the soldiers to continue their advance. Lee Seong-gye and Cho Min-soo sent someone back to ask Choi Young to quickly turn the military around, but Choi Young did not listen at all. In the end, Lee Seong-gye, who received favorable responses from Cho Min-soo and other scholars, turned the military around in Wihwado Island, and the dream of conquering Yodong, which Choi Young and Woo Wang wanted to achieve, was ruined. Choi Young, who returned to Gaegyeong with King Woo, gathered soldiers and fought against Lee Seong-gye's army, but the defense line eventually collapsed due to heavy amulets. Lee Seong-gye sent his subordinate Kwak Chung-bo to arrest Choi Young and sent him to Ko Bong-hyeon. This means that in the late Goryeo Dynasty, the old warlords were defeated in the confrontation between the old warlords who tried to defend the Goryeo Dynasty and the new warlords who denied the Goryeo Dynasty. Eventually, Goryeo fell to an emerging warlord led by Lee Seong-gye. Choi Young was transferred to Happo again, and was sent to Gaegyeong after King Chang took the throne. Cho In-ok and Lee Je-yi, the former law book, filed an appeal and asked Choi Young to be reprimanded. "Choi Young served King Gongmin to calm the disturbance of Heungwangsa Temple, drive monks to the north, and when serving King Wu, he defeated Japanese pirates from the Ascension to preserve his resignation, and wiped out various gangsters to save the people. However, he was ignorant of the situation and ignored the opinions of the public, and carried out the Liaodong conquest, which led to the destruction of the country by sinning against the emperor. The king ordered Choi Young to be executed in December of that year, and he was 73 years old. Choi Young is said to have not changed a single face and voice even before death, as a brave warrior who has traveled through numerous battlefields. When he died, he left a saying, "My tomb will never grow grass," and it is said that the integration in Deokmulsan Mountain, Gaepoong-gun, was his tomb, and it was not grass until the Joseon Dynasty collapsed. Later, Lee Seong-gye, who founded the Joseon Dynasty and became King Taejo, honored Choi Young with the title of Moomin.

the General Code of Joseon

 Gyeongguk Daejeon was completed and promulgated in the 16th year of King Seongjong's reign more than 500 years ago, and was the first unified comprehensive law code in Joseon that details the basic structure of governing the country to the daily Saeohal of the people. In 1457, King Sejo established the Yukjeon Sangjeong Pavilion and ordered the compilation of the Gyeongguk Daejeon. Of course, even before the Gyeonggukjeon, there were law codes such as "Chosun Gyeonggukjeon" and "Economic Yukjeon" in Joseon. Joseon declared that it would not repeat the mistakes of Goryeo, which had ruled only by royal law without basic laws, and put forward the rule of law from the beginning. However, as the law code was compiled whenever the king changed, various problems arose in enforcing the law. In the introduction of Gyeongguk Daejeon, Seo Geo-jeong recorded, "The provisions of the law were complicated and contradictory, so it was not unified as one." What the early Joseon legislators who compiled the Gyeongguk Daejeon emphasized the most was the stability of the law. In other words, the law made once should be a permanent law that does not change for a long time. In Gyeongguk Daejeon, Hojeon and Hyeongjeon were completed first, and the rest of Yi, Ye, Byeong, and Gongjeon were completed in the 13th year of King Sejo. However, it was not implemented due to the death of King Sejo, but after King Yejong and King Seongjong, in 1485, the 16th year of King Seongjong, the first unified comprehensive law was born 90 years after the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty. The reason why it took more than 30 years for the three kings to complete the Gyeongguk Daejeon was that they wanted to make a perfect law that stipulated very detailed things. The completion of the Gyeongguk Daejeon meant that the normative system of the Joseon Dynasty, which wanted to rule the country by law, was established and stabilized. In Gyeongguk Daejeon, a total of 319 legal texts were composed of Yukjeon, that is, Yi, Ho, Ye, Byeong, Hyung, and Gong, and this order was based on the importance of work. 'Transfer' is the law on internal and external registers, central and local control, types of management and personnel systems. "Hoejeon" corresponds to economic laws such as the tax system and Nokbong, land, houses, and slave trading, "previous war" was about kinship laws and diplomacy such as the past system and marriage system, and "military war" was about military system. "Hyungjeon" was the law on trials and punishments, property inheritance, public service, and private labor costs, and "gongjeon" was the law on industries such as roads, bridges, and metrology. As Joseon was a country that valued example, Gyeongguk Daejeon had the largest amount in the past. Among the old contents is that if the daughter of an official does not marry because she is poor until she is 30 years old, she is severely guilty of her father. In addition, there is a social security system in Gyeongguk Daejeon, which allows public officials to take a week off if they marry, and 15 days off when their wife, father-in-law, or mother-in-law dies, and parents are given special leave. In addition, there is a regulation that stipulates the Ministry of Justice and all prisons to treat prisoners with diseases by setting one member on duty every month. In addition, if a sick person reported it to the government office, he/she could send a doctor for treatment, and if he/she did not go to the hospital immediately, he/she could file a complaint at the patient's house, and the accused lawmaker was punished according to the law. Looking at the improvement, each village has a provision to prepare relief goods every year in preparation for a bad harvest. The law stipulates that if there are many people who starve to death due to a famine, the head of the village who does not take care of them and report them to the court will be severely punished. In Gyeongguk Daejeon, there is a clause that strictly governs public officials who commit corruption or exercise their power at will with the highest punishment. There is also a content called "collection" that requires the confiscation of the property of public officials who intercepted taxes in the middle. The official, who intercepted rice, grains, gold or silver bowls that the people paid as taxes, forced his wife and children to receive property even if he died. In addition, according to the amount of tax stolen, the "Daemyeongryul" was given a heavy sentence of 100 gongjangs or sentenced to death, and property was confiscated. For example, in November 24, King Seongjong's 24th year, Kim Ji, who was a prefectural governor of the village for collecting taxes, was found to have stolen 66 pieces of cotton cloth and 1,155 copies of paper, and was sentenced to death. The "Daimyeongryul" was a law introduced from China, and a regulation that was not in the Gyeongguk Daejeon was supposed to apply this pronoun. In addition, according to the "Hyeongjeon" of Gyeongguk Daejeon, it is stipulated that those aged 70 or older and 15 or younger cannot be imprisoned unless they are robbed or murdered. In addition, if a mother committed a crime, even if she needed torture or committed a crime equivalent to the death penalty, the child was released and sentenced 100 days later. It was in the 13th year of King Taejong's reign that the "Sambok System," which judges death row prisoners three times, first appeared in the Annals, and after that, the "Sambok System" was established by law in Gyeongguk Daejeon. In the Gyeongguk Daejeon sentence, it is required to investigate the central and local death row prisoners three times and report them to the king, and even low-ranking officials such as butchers and slaves were no exception. In addition, according to the regulations on public servants' expenses recorded in the sentence, women are given a month's leave before childbirth and 50 days after childbirth, and husbands are also given a vacation for 15 days after childbirth. The law stipulated that even slaves who lived as the lowest class and suffered various grievances should be given maternity leave. In addition, there are many other contents in Gyeongguk Daejeon that break the stereotypes of modern people, and among them, the inheritance law is indispensable. In the Gyeongguk Daejeon sentence, there is a provision that stipulates that the inherited property of parents is equally distributed to all children. In addition, in the past, the dimensions of the seals of the management ladies were set, so that the area of the seals was different depending on the class. The fact that a woman has a seal means that she can have an independent property after marriage. In addition, when all assets were distributed, women signed and men signed so that the inheritance of the property was made with the consent of the couple. In this way, Joseon was realizing equality between men and women by law, at least in terms of property distribution and inheritance. When Sejo began compiling the Gyeongguk Daejeon, he tried to create an "exemplary law that will not be revised again and will be permanently observed." Following its will, King Seongjong prevented the Gyeongguk Daejeon from being repaired recklessly, and if anyone asked for it, he wanted to rule it by law. However, as the times changed and there was a need to create or revise legal texts, new law codes such as Sokdaejeon, Daetraditional edition, and Daejeon Hoetong continued to be compiled, but Gyeongguk Daejeon did not touch them carelessly. The introduction of Daejeon Hoetong, the last law of the Joseon Dynasty compiled during the reign of King Gojong, said, "We have added respect by leaving behind laws that were implemented in the past and now abolished." The spirit of not trying to fix Gyeongguk Daejeon recklessly continued into future generations. More than 370 years ago, in 1625, in the third year of King Injo's reign, a Gungno (a palace slave) was arrested, who served the king's third son, Prince Inpyeong. The reason why Gung-no was caught was because he wore extravagant clothes that were beyond his means. In the end, Gungno was hit by dozens of thongs in his knees, and all his clothes were burned. The Gyeongguk Daejeon has detailed regulations on when, what clothes to wear and what shoes to wear depending on their status, from government officials ranging from 1st to 9th. In the Joseon Dynasty, which was a strict status society, clothes were a means of indicating identity because the shape, color, and fabric of clothes were different depending on their status. Therefore, the law stipulated very detailed details of clothes suitable for their status, and strict punishment was imposed on those who violated them. This was to protect the strict status system society of the Joseon Dynasty. However, even ordinary people had the opportunity to wear luxurious clothes that did not fit their status only once in their lives, which was during the wedding. The wonsam worn by the bride was in the form of clothes worn by the princess or the owner, and the Samogwandae worn by the groom was the official clothes worn by the white officers. Since the wedding is a once-in-a-lifetime celebration, it allowed people to enjoy the luxury of clothing for just one day on that day, which comforted the dissatisfaction of the general public. The development of clothing culture during the Joseon Dynasty was due to the development of the textile industry that can supply various clothes of numerous classes. In particular, in the 15th century, when the Gyeongguk Daejeon was compiled, the cotton industry developed, and the cotton industry revolutionized the clothing industry during the Joseon Dynasty. Cotton seeds, the raw material of unknown origin, first entered Korea in 1362, during the reign of King Gongmin of Goryeo, and when Moon Ik-jeom, who went to the Yuan Dynasty as an envoy, brought 10 cotton seeds into the brush shell, cotton was distributed to Korea. The cultivation and distribution of cotton was especially welcome for the common people. Cotton clothes made of cotton to ordinary people who could not wear expensive silk clothes played the role of winter clothes as well as ordinary clothes, and by the time of King Taejong's reign, all from aristocrats to ordinary people were already damaged by cotton. When cotton became popular, it was possible to pay taxes with cotton from King Sejong, and after King Jungjong, cotton became an important item to cover military resources. In other words, during the Joseon Dynasty, cotton was not just cloth, but had a great influence on the national finances and personal income. In the Joseon Dynasty, gunfire such as hemp, cotton, and Mapo were used as commodity currency, but when the wood cotton industry developed, cotton became the most cannon commodity currency, and the value of cotton was determined by quality. At one time, the court tried to stop the use of commodity money such as cotton cloth in order to allow the use of common currency such as coins and coins, but eventually failed to prevent it. The reason why gunfire such as cotton cloth and Mapo could be used as currency in the government or the private sector was that cotton cloth and Mapo were indispensable necessities of life for the people. In particular, cotton cloth was used as the most important means of money until the 17th century when coins began to be widely used by ordinary people. As such, clothes played an extremely important role in the living economy of the common people during the Joseon Dynasty. Even during the Joseon Dynasty, when strict status attire was applied, as the times changed, there were many incidents that could not be laughed at because of new fashion and trends. At that time, there were men dressed as women, and if a man was caught wearing clothes, he would be beaten by 100 people, regardless of the people, and sent home to a remote island. There was also a time when it was popular for men to wear earrings, and the Ministry of Justice gave them a month to fix them and imposed heavy punishment if they did not fix them. The reign of King Seongjong was a time when the cultural heritage system was almost completed based on the achievements of King Sejong and King Sejo. As society stabilizes and people have a desire for a better life, a decadent trend has gradually sprouted and the number of people who dress extravagantly has increased significantly. In addition, as luxury clothes that began with gisaengs spread to ordinary women, and even the social class was ignored, strong laws were prepared in the law to correct the trend of luxury. The kings of the Joseon Dynasty especially dealt with luxury strongly, and the starting point was Gyeonggukjeon. In Gyeongguk Daejeon, the punishment corresponding to the violation of the prescribed costume was even set. In particular, if luxury items such as gold and silver were used or silk such as Saranyeondan was used when children under the age of Dangsanggwan married, the punishment of the 80s was imposed. It was the idea of kings at the time that when the luxury of clothes reaches its peak, courtesy collapses and social discipline collapses. In fact, the past kings of Joseon made frugality a great virtue, and King Yeongjo ordered the saving of clothing and food, especially in the wedding ceremony, and emphasized that the people would follow on their own if they saved from above. In that sense, the record written in September 22nd year of King Seongjong's Annals is worth noting. "The king's frugality was the same in the Joseon Dynasty, as there were many places that broke out and there were many times in the white sympathy of the king." In the Joseon Dynasty, clothes were the example and social order. Therefore, people of the Joseon Dynasty tried to keep their manners through clothes so that if they wore clothes that did not fit their status, the head of the family was punished. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Joseon Gyeonggukjeon (Taejo 3rd year of 1394): A law code that synthesizes the governing ideology according to the form of Gyeongsejeon of the Yuan Dynasty. Economic Six-War (Taejo 6, 1397): A law code that classifies and contains the laws to be observed from 1388 to 1397 as the original text. Economic Six Papers (1412 Taejo 12): A code of law compiled from 1388 to 1412 in three volumes: "Wonyukjeon" and "Sokyukjeon." Gyeonggukdaejeon (16th year of King Seongjong's reign in 1485): The Basic Law of the Joseon Dynasty, which integrated and reorganized the statutes from King Taejo to King Sejo. Transcript of Daejeon (1492): A code of laws that summarized the statutes from the time of the Great War to 1492. King Gyeongguk Daejeon Juhae (1555 King Myeongjong 10): An official explanatory book that interprets 62 articles and terms that are difficult to interpret among the provisions of the King Gyeongguk Daejeon. Sokdaejeon (22nd year of King Myeongjong's reign in 1746) was compiled in the same way as Gyeonggukdaejeon, covering the laws that must be followed in the post-Gyeonggukdaejeon laws. coexistence with the Great War of the State Unification of Daejeon (9th year of King Jeongjo's reign in 1785): An integrated code of laws that integrated Gyeongguk Daejeon and Sokdaejeon and compiled by adding later statutes. Daejeon Hoetong (2nd year of King Gojong's reign in 1865): Joseon's Last Law, compiled by compiling and adding the statutes after the unification of Daejeon.

the domination of inferior nations over superior nations If this person knew, wept

 Who is he? It's Hitler. After the defeat of World War II, the Soviet Union and Poland and the Czech Republic took over a third of the rest of the territory as "East Germany" as Soviet trophies. The other defeated countries, West Germany, Italy, and Japan, all rose as economic powers, but East Germany, which fell into the hands of the Soviet Union, was accompanied by 400,000 Soviet troops in each division. The Soviet Union withdrew completely in 1994, but received billions of dollars in withdrawal costs from unified Germany. the true value of East Germany 400,000 East Germans are just unemployed... ...but the Russians who went to Russia are also unemployed. East Germany is a small country of our South Korean population of 20 million... plus Soviet rule. If Hitler had known about this, he would have jumped... ...the two rulers below were the rulers of East Germany. a faithful Soviet dog He was loyal to communism, but he betrayed his country and became a foreign agent... ...and he was loyal to ideology, but he didn't like nationalism. Ulricht ruled in the 5s and 60s and Honecker in the 7s and 80s... very East Germany 45 years apart. During this period, Kim Il Sung ruled indefinitely...................Oh my god, but the standard of living for East Germans seems to have been good. The country that receives free oil from the Soviet Union and is the most prosperous communist country. Better off than the Soviet Union. Kim Il Sung envied as a model advanced country in communism. Compared to South Korea, it seems to have been better off until the brink of collapse. Of course, basic necessities such as bananas, overseas travel, and toothpaste are lacking or restricted, but they are relaxed in terms of quality of life. North Korea is no match for numbers..............but the problem is that it is not enough to catch up with the huge consumer society of the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. After the war, Germany was reduced in territory, divided even the capital, Berlin, divided into four major U.S.-British, French-French states, which cut it to pride, but at least the standard of living was the best in both East and West Germany Or would it have been better to become a communist paradise with a booger-sized subordinate state under Soviet rule? Under the Soviet-appointed Viceroy Ulbricht and Honecker in 1945, the hearts of the East Germans... ...Honecker were on the verge of breaking down the Wall's collapse in 1989. Then the Wall collapsed... ...90 years of German reunification. Honecker escapes to Russia, Chile Died in Chile in 1994. East German secret police officer Stasi said he had bullied East Germans considerably... ...even close family relatives. During Geshtarpo, the Jews were bullied so much, and now they are the dogs of the Soviet Union, the enemy, and the Jews and the Soviets must have wished for it. In Nazi Germany, a poor power, East Germany, a wealthy small country under the once despised subordination of an enemy country, which would be better? How did Ulricht and Honecker feel about being so loyal to the Soviet Union and communism? They seem to forget that they are Germans and have only a communist perception. It's hard to call it a traitor. Anyway, if Hitler knew this post-war Germany... ...he'd go crazy. The bottom two is like a masterpiece. ======================================================================= Walter Ulbricht 1893–1973 German politician born in Leipzig. He received only elementary school education, but joined the Social Democratic Party in 1912. After World War I, he joined the newly formed Communist Party in 19 and was appointed secretary of the Berlin district in 29. He was elected to the Imperial Assembly in the same year, but fled to Moscow in 33 when the Nazi regime was established. During World War II, he served in the Soviet Army, which monitored German prisoners. After returning to Korea for 45 years, O. Together with Grotebol, he founded the Socialist Unification Party of Germany, which united the Social Democratic Party and the Communist Party, and became its vice chairman. After that, he served as secretary general in 50-53, first secretary in 53-71, and deputy minister in 1949-60. He took office as chairman of the National Council in 60 years, and became a four-term chairman in 71. By forming a close alliance with the Soviet Union, he was able to maintain his dictatorial status for a long time. Since 1967, he has adhered to dogmatist communism even when the wave of liberalization was rushing to Romania and Czechoslovakia. In 1971, when E. Honecker was elected as the first secretary of the party, the Ulbricht system collapsed and lost its real power. His book is "The History of the German Labor Movement (1953–58).         Erich Honecker (1912–1994), German politician Born in Zar, he joined the Communist Youth League in 1926, and officially joined the Communist Youth League in 29. He was arrested in 35 years under the Nazi regime after becoming secretary of the Communist Youth League of Zarra in 31. He was released with the defeat of Germany, joined the Communist Party again in 45, and became a member of the party's leadership when the Socialist Unification Party (SED) was founded in 46. He has been a member of the People's Assembly since 49 and a member and secretary of the Political Bureau of the Central Political Commission since 58. In 1961, the Berlin Wall was built under the orders of W. Wolbricht, the real power, and the richest economic construction in Eastern Europe was achieved. As a conservative who showed a strong attitude toward breaking away from socialism, he served as the first secretary and chairman of the National Defense Council in 71-76, and served as the general secretary and chairman of the National Council from 1976, and resigned as party secretary in 1989. After reunification, he defected to Chile in 1993 after public criticism of him.

Miscellaneous remarks about the Mongol uprising of Goryeo

 Some people say that it would have been better for Goryeo to make concessions and surrender from Ganghwado Island in the early days of its invasion, but I don't think it was easy to believe that Mongolia would fulfill its promise.  Of course, given the situation of Choi's regime, the Mongolian side is unlikely to guarantee its position, which may have been a factor that delayed surrender. The number of people surrendering to Mongolia increased in the latter half of the Mongol invasion period, but the people's resistance continued during the long period of the uprising and the active support of Sambyeolcho's later uprising, so I think the people's views on Mongolia were consistent with the ruling class. Even during the first invasion of Mongolia, the Goryeo army showed some degree of systematic resistance.  However, from the subsequent invasion, it was rare for regular troops to stop the Mongol army in the field even if it entered the interior with a small force.  This means that the military system of Goryeo was broken down, and there are many reasons. First of all, the biggest cause was the Choi regime. Choi Chung-heon had 3,000 soldiers, including his own family members and visitors, when he rebuilt the Dobang, which was created by Gyeongdae-seung and abolished after his death. If there was a person who was outstanding in martial arts, he/she first attracted him/her to his/her way and made him/her a private soldier, so naturally, the power of the government army, including the sixth place in the second division, was weakened.   In the event of an invasion by the Gitan people before that, Choi Woo-woo will punish those who want to go to the front line and fight among the soldiers who belong to all directions.  Only to show that the safety of himself and his family comes before the nation and the people. In this situation, after losing a lot of elite troops during the initial invasion and feeling that it is difficult to compete head-to-head with the Mongols, Goryeo became consistent only with the Suseong match.   From the perspective of the Mongolian army, there were no troops to stop them, so they were able to go down to the southern part of the Korean Peninsula with small forces and commit looting.   However, in the absence of proper regular army resistance, the Mongols invaded numerous times for 30 years, but they could not control all of Goryeo.  Local forces and the people bravely resisted even when elite forces such as Choi Chung-heon's theft and Ma Byul-cho (a cavalry force with the character of the Choi's regime's SS) were not involved in the battle. Although Goryeo was one of the major factors in decline and the central government surrendered without showing proper resistance, I think that the powerful Mongol army fought for more than 30 years to kill Salita, the enemy's leader, in Guizhou or Chungju, and the people's resistance to Mongolia.

A Map of the World of Korea in 1402

 In 1402, in the second year of King Taejong, Korea's first world map was made. The name of this map, the oldest of the maps of Korea remaining today, is <Honilgangri Historic National Map>. At the bottom of the map, Kwon Geun wrote down the reason why he made the map of the Honil Gangri Station. 'The whole world is very wide. It is unknown how many millions of miles it is from China to the Dead Sea. Accordingly, a world map was created so that people could know the world without going outside. Knowing the distance and proximity from a map is very helpful in governing the country.' This single map was the world that Joseon saw in 1402. -Production process of the Honil Gangri History National Map If you look at the Honil Gangri History National Map, China occupies the largest part of the map. The Great Wall and the Yellow River are clearly drawn, and the place names are written in detail. This meant that China's share of the outside world as Joseon knew it was that big and important. The shape of Japan's land is similar to today, but the location is rotated about 90 degrees to the right, and it is drawn much smaller than that of Joseon. And Joseon is bigger than it really is. Through this, it can be seen that Joseon tried to show and confirm its status as an independent state on the world map. In this way, the size of the region shown on the map of the Honilgangri historical national road also showed the size of Joseon's interest and perception of the region. The places where "Walsang," "Kyoji," and "Imeup" are written are now Vietnam. The place marked "island" is today's Thailand, which was also called Sumla-guk, and the country marked "Beomguk" on the side is Burma. Kwon Geun also revealed the reason for making the map and the process of making the map. "<Sexual Gwangpido> and <Honilgangrido> were referred to by Kim Sa-hyung and Woo Jeong-seung Lee-mu, and the Swordsman Association made a map." In the first year of King Jeongjong's reign, Kim Sa-hyung went to the Ming Dynasty as an envoy, and at this time, he saved the Chinese map Seonggyo Gwangpido and Honilgangrido. However, many Joseon and Japan were omitted in Seonggyo Gwangpido. Currently, there is no Seonggyogwangpido, but if you look at Gwangyeodo, a similar form, Joseon is small and flat, and Japan is marked with only the name of the country. The Honilgangri Station National Map was completed as a map based on Seonggyo Gwangpido, referring to the map of Korea produced by Yihoe in the 2nd year of King Taejong, and the map of Japan obtained by Park Don-ji in the 1st year of King Taejong. The shape of the Korean Peninsula drawn on this map is almost the same as it is today except for the northern border, and it is not much different compared to Daedongyeojido, which was created 450 years later. At that time, astronomy in Joseon was considerable. There was Seoungwan, which was in charge of astronomical observation from Goryeo to the early Joseon Dynasty, and the "Map of the Heaven Train Field" created by Seoungwan scholars in the early Joseon Dynasty even depicts constellations that cannot be seen in Chinese astronomy. Thanks to such advanced astronomy, a geographer named Yi Hoe was able to make a world map in 1402. -In 1402, the map of the world's Honilgangri historical map viewed by Joseon shows more than 100 European and about 35 African places in detail. What's interesting is that the Mediterranean Sea is marked as a lake, not an ocean. Therefore, the Italian peninsula is surrounded by lakes, not by the sea. The first thing that stands out in the African continent is the large sea and the island in the middle that reads 'yellow sand'. The yellow dust mark probably marks the Sahara Desert. Although India has already interacted with us for a long time, this map only shows India as part of the continent, not the peninsula. The reason for this was that the map of the Honilgangri period was combined with the map of Arabia influenced by the Greek map, which drew India as part of the continent. Eventually, a world map made in Greece was handed down to Arabia, and it appeared as a map of the Honilgangri historical countries through China through the Silk Road to Joseon at the end of East Asia in 1402. The countries where Joseon directly exchanged at that time were the Ming Dynasty and Japan, and Yugu, Yeojin, and Java. Joseon regularly sent envoys to the Ming Dynasty after the first year of King Taejo. In addition, Joseon, which recognized the Muromachi shogunate as a representative government of Japan in the 4th year of King Taejong's reign and established formal diplomatic relations, demanded that Japan crack down on Japanese pirates and return the captured Koreans. Joseon also had active exchanges with the current Okinawa remains. In the first year of King Taejo's reign, Yu Gu-guk sent an envoy to invite himself to the kingdom of his subjects and ask for permission to trade. In Surisung, the capital of Yuguguk, 48 envoys were dispatched until the early Joseon Dynasty, and Joseon envoys went to Yugu. Yugu, which was the core of Southeast Asia's relay trade, brought and sold goods from the southern part of the country, including pepper and spices, to Joseon, which was an advanced Buddhist country, and received a blacksmith's book. At that time, Joseon also had exchanges with Southeast Asian countries, and now called Java was a representative exchange country. In the 6th year of King Taejong's reign, there is a record that the envoy of Java was attacked by Japanese pirates on his way to Joseon. Joseon's foreign policy varied from country to country. In other words, the Ming Dynasty tried to maintain a peaceful relationship by serving Yeojin, Japan, Yugu, and Southeast Asian countries using a policy of Gyorin. On the other hand, Joseon did not reject the Arabs who visited Joseon, although there was no official exchange with Arabia. According to the annals, on January 17, the 7th year of King Taejong's reign, there is a record that Hoehoein (Arabian) Road asked to become a Korean. Joseon accepted the members of the society to obtain information on Arabian calendar and metal processing techniques. The fact that Joseon actively accepted Arabian culture through Hoehoein can be inferred from the relatively large drawing of Arabia on the map of the Honilgangri Station National Road. However, unfortunately, the Honilgangri National Map is currently housed at Ryukoku University in Kyoto, Japan. It is not known exactly when and by what route this world map crossed to Japan, but it is believed to have crossed before and after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. This is because there is a record that Japan sent spies to obtain maps of Joseon in large quantities ahead of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. At that time, the most effective way to obtain information about other countries was through maps. This is because the map contained the most accurate and detailed information. Therefore, Joseon also made great efforts to obtain maps from China. As a result of these efforts, Joseon produced many maps and was considered an advanced country when it came to maps. Joseon was able to confirm its position as an independent country and organize information and perceptions of other worlds from China to Europe and Africa through the map of the history of the country. -------------------------------------------------------- <Naver Encyclopedia> A World Map prepared by Kim Sa-hyung, Lee Moo, and Lee Hoe in May 1402 (Taejong 2nd year of King Taejong's reign). The main text of the library of Ryukoku University was 5×4 ft. in 1402 (the 2nd year of King Taejong's reign of Joseon), including Kim Sa-hyung, Lee Moo, and Lee Hoi. This fact is told by Kwon Geun's Yangchonjip, and a manuscript of this map is housed in the library of Ryukoku University in Kyoto, Japan. According to Volume 2 of Yangchonjip's Honil Gangridoji of the Old Emperor and other historical records, this map was made by Kim Sa-hyung in 1399 (1st year of King Jeongjo's reign) by revising the map of Seonggyo Gwangpido (128~92) by Lee Taek-min of the Won Dynasty. Instead of omitting much of the eastern part of Liaodong, Joseon was drawn there, and in 1401 (the 1st year of King Taejong's reign), Japan was drawn by referring to Iki Island and Tsushima Island on a new map of Japan brought by Park Don-ji. This map is considered to have been prepared based on the maps of that time, judging from the fact that the place name is the same as Yeodo, which was written by Joojubon in 1328. The map includes more than 100 European and 35 African places, but there is no Indian Peninsula, and the expression of the Nile River water source is similar to Jamal al-Din's district, which was brought to Beijing in 1267, which can be said to be influenced by Islamic science in Korea. This is almost the only world map produced by scholars of the Joseon Dynasty, which settled the knowledge of world geography in the early Joseon Dynasty, and it was the best and only world map until Matteo Ricci's "Gonyeomanjeon" entered Korea in the 17th century. The major drawback of this map is that it is not balanced with the continents of Europe and Africa, as well as Asia, by drawing China and Korea too large according to the Chinese worldview.

A country where primitive and civilization coexist - Joseon seen by Siegfried Gente in 1901

 Gente previously viewed Joseon's fate as being eroded by Japan and Russia similar to Tibet, and pointed out that most foreigners who visit Joseon are doing watermelon-based tours. One of the most beautiful monarchies.No matter how much you decorate Seoul with the huge and powerful peaks of Mt. Bukak and Namsan, you will not be able to compare the charm and deep impression of the two cities (Teheran, Salzburg). Most of the houses in Seoul City Wall are about one compartment long with low roofs and walls. These straw-roofed thatched roofs - a little stronger and tougher, of course - blend together in grey and blue, making it hard to tell in the hazyness of color, giving the viewer the impression that many houses look like one and are very monotonous. What attracts tourists' attention is that the thatched roof of rehabilitation harmonizes with the ocher color found in the surrounding nature, forming a unique harmony with side dishes. In Joseon, building a house requires strict regulations.(hereinafter omitted) A view of Seoul without a temple dedicated to the gods.The buildings in this country are not only comparable to those in other Asian countries affected by Chinese architecture, but also show unusual techniques. The roof is in the form of a Gungja, which passes by dragging its tail, and is covered one by one, making it look like it pops out suddenly. This style can only be seen in Joseon and is unique in its craftsmanship, which deviates from the notion of such an architectural style measured at the general level of Asian architecture (based on Chinese architecture. In contrast to these words, it is said that Seoul's architectural culture is insignificant.It is no exaggeration to say that Joseon people have no faith in the faith of Joseon people. It does not seem to be tolerance for religion, but it does not give much weight to choosing a religion, perhaps because it is not interested in choosing a religion. Koreans already learn Confucian ideas from the bottom of their stomachs and live to fulfill them, but they also believe in shamanistic beliefs and Buddhism whenever necessary. Even the literati, who are full of Confucian ideas, visit Buddhist monks if there is a dead person in the house. As the humorous expression suggests, Joseon people have shamanistic beliefs in their stomachs, Buddhism in their hearts, and lead senseless religious lives without a certain direction. This Joseon people's world of faith provides a good opportunity for missionaries to do missionary work. However, Koreans do not give any donations or other support to the church, so they believe that the church building will soon become a ruin. A crowded city where tradition and new culture coexist, but the new and old go well together, Seoul was willing to accept the Western invention of "electricity" as a solution to the complex transportation problems in large cities. It is actually an innovation that Joseon was interested in modern technology and accepted it without hesitation far ahead of other Eastern capitals at the time. A few years before electricity technology came into the country, a simple traditional car was installed from Kabul, Afghanistan, to the king's summer palace, and the Nepalese king had already installed lights at the palace in the capital, Kadmandu, around 80. However, large cities such as Beijing, China, Tokyo, Bangkok and Shanghai have no electricity, telephones, or electricity facilities in the capital of Joseon, Seoul. Even after the trade agreement between the West and China has been signed, Europeans who claim to be civilized still have to travel by rickshaw, the traditional transportation method. How can you not be surprised to see the people of this quiet morning riding a train running as fast as the wind? At night, bright palace-shaped streetlights illuminate the roof of a house in Seoul reminiscent of an African house. The following description describes the shabbyness of the German legation and the excellence of the Joseon ondol (although I complained about heating the ondol in summer) and the use of ponies and kilns as transportation. And the story of the new army says soldiers in Seoul and Hamgyong Province in Gyeonggi Province shave their heads, but traditional hair is allowed in Pyeongan Province. I also described the encounter with King Gojong, but I describe him as a handsome, merciful, and kind king. It is also said that it is popular with women in Europe.

Let's read the history of the rise and fall of economic power. Let's see the survival strategy of Korea

 I.In a modern society where the preface world has entered a competitive system, the question of whether we become a great power or not is not just a matter of rich and poor, but of survival. Our ancestors mainly used history as a mirror to find the right way to govern. Unlike the West, in the East, history has lasted for thousands of years under the basic premise that the nature of man and society remains unchanged as a governing science, not just a humanities science or a romance of the rich. I think the concern about how to become a powerful country is a concern that young people who want to become leaders of this land should have. We are proud to have achieved our present national wealth through high education enthusiasm despite our narrow land and scarce resources. However, in light of its long history, countries that do not have strong markets and factors of production could easily be seen to collapse if they build barriers to their resources and markets, even if they can become strong countries through short-term rapid growth. Therefore, in the West, the European Union has already been created and each country has built regional barriers, exclusively sharing markets and production factors. However, our reality is very hopeless because we have not even formed an inter-regional consultative body yet. In order to become a superpower as soon as possible, we must not lag behind the trend of this era. 

II. Causes of the Decline of Strong Countries 

1. Among the premise countries are production factors such as natural resources and labor, and market factors such as population and purchasing power, namely countries rich in hinterland and those not. Traditional powers such as the United States and China and alliances between countries such as the European Union are examples of the former, while general countries such as Korea, Japan and Germany and city-states such as Singapore and Monaco are examples of the latter. In this article, the former will be referred to as a strong country, the latter as a strong country. However, according to the times, the size of the area that a capital can have is also expanded with the development of transportation, so there are countries that were located in a powerful country in the early period, unlike general practices today, in this article. France was a powerful country at the time of competition with Venice, but France as today's individual country competing with the United States is defined in this article as part of a strong country. 

2. Lack of hinterland (1) - Urban countries dependent on brokerage trade are basically hard to have a population of more than a million. By the 16th century, when France had a population of 16 million and Germany reached 10 million, Venice, the most populous city-state, also had a population of only 1.45 million, including the territories.  The story of the city of the sea, Shiono Nanami Hangilsa 2002, which conclusively boils down to the fact that it did not have a market to consume goods produced in the city-state. In addition, unlike territorial states, urban countries have limited the scope of the country to cities, and resources have to be procured from abroad except in extremely exceptional cases. Stronger countries, not urban countries, also have differences in degree. Except for Japan, which has a population of more than 100 million, there are no countries that can neglect exports and operate the economy, and even in this case, all strong countries have to import resources and a lot of labor from other countries. In the early stages of economic development after excessive consumptive actions, including war, strong countries achieve industrial advancement through faster growth than powerful countries and influence among countries as advanced countries. The growth factor of most of the strong countries is that they exist in areas away from the axis of confrontation between countries or in areas where they are buffered. Large amounts of capital and high-quality labor are initially introduced into these small countries to avoid pressure through non-economic factors such as powerful emperors and monarchs' wars. Strong countries develop in stability between the confrontations of powerful countries and essentially succeed in acquiring strong economic power by developing high-end industries through comparative advantages based on free trade and low-end industries against large countries. However, if the powers become interested in national wealth, such a niche strategy will lose its place. Large countries are increasingly trying to use their resources and labor to their industries, increasing the price competitiveness of their goods in the form of direct trade with foreign markets without going through intermediary zones, and using all methods, including force, to attract high industrial technology. In the 17th century, ships from England and the Netherlands traveled directly to Sicily, Naples, Sardinia, and Catalonia with goods carried by Genoa.  In 1464, King Louis XI ordered French bankers to move from Genoa to Lyon.  Economic powerhouse Charles p Golden Burger Magpie 105p The British castigated the Dutch's intermediary role in boosting their industries through navigation laws, three wars of English war, France's tariff war, and the Dutch invasion.  Charles p. Golden Burger Magpie 166ㅔ 

3. Lack of hinterland (2) - Too much obsession with land. Small countries often suffer from chronic land shortages and population density. The Netherlands, a territorial country, not to mention an urban country, has a population density of 313 people per square kilometer, which is by far the best country in Europe.  Under these circumstances, movable assets such as goods and stocks continue to increase as the country grows, but real estate cannot increase except in very exceptional situations such as territorial expansion wars and reclamation. Therefore, real estate always becomes a high-income product with rising prices. Venetian merchants also became obsessed with land rather than trade and speculation occurred in the latter stages.  The rise and fall of the economic power Charles P. Golden Burger Magpie 98p During the Napoleonic Wars, Venice easily surrendered in its natural fortress, including the possession of the river's outer estates of agricultural aristocrats, which became the absolute majority of the Venetian oligarchs. In the case of the Netherlands, the story of the Sea City, Shiono Nanami Hankilsa, the oligarchs neglected to lose their maritime rights by taking their income from housing, land and securities instead of taking risks at sea. In the case of Japan, the country next to the economic powerhouse Charles P. Golden Burger Magpie 167, it is well known that the famous bubble economy was due to the overheating of the real estate market. Although there were certain limitations in the economic role of real estate, the continuous rise in real estate prices regardless of economic factors is a major cause of weakening the country's competitiveness. 

4. Lack of hinterland (3) - The most decisive external factor in reversing the position between a great and a small nation in the absence of a powerful army is war. Until the wars of the Middle Ages, wars were dominated mainly by knights and mercenaries, and countries with more financial power became countries with more war sustenance and war mobilization capacity. By the end of the Middle Ages, battles between high-value mercenaries were formalized like horse racing. My friend Machiavelli Ciono Nanami Hankilsa broke this trend in France after the Hundred Years' War with Britain. France was centralized through the Hundred Years' War, and in the War of the Confederacy, 30,000 troops were mobilized to defeat Venetian troops and march to Rome. Charles P. Golden Burger Magpie 99p, the economic powerhouse, stopped France not by Italian mercenaries, but by conscripts from Habsburg. The Turks, which were more modern than Europe at the time, mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops to rob Venetian maritime colonies such as Crete Cyprus and fulfilled their requirements.  The climax of this trend was in France during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, where the French lost most of their officers due to the departure of the aristocracy, but through endless conscription, they merged Prussia, Austria, Italy, and Germany. It is the best example that monetary wealth does not play a big role in the face of conscripted powerful force. 

5. Failure to divide roles - Countries that are competitors but have not become cooperators can think of a coalition of strong countries as a way to overcome these problems. However, in history, the small powers never thought of a coalition, although they competed with each other. According to the relationship between Genoa and Florence Venice, Florence and other Italian city-states may have grown into the biggest power since the Renaissance by breaking away from the continuous attacks of France and Habsburg if they had formed an alliance with the Mediterranean and the Black Sea through sailing ships. The Hanseatic League of Northern Europe maintained its primitive trade practices beyond the use of bills, and the economic powerhouse Charles P. Golden Burger Magpie 138p Germany was forced to be thoroughly swayed by the interests of neighboring powers until the Frankfurt Conference in 1840 failed due to be unified by Prussia. In the modern society of Martin Kitchen, the German construction company, Cambridge, the barriers between countries seem to be gradually lowered, but it is still difficult to continue cooperation when national interests differ. Charles P. Golden Burger Magpie 360p, an economic powerhouse, suggests the EU's problems, which once seemed to be the axis against the United States. 

III. Attempting to Escape from a Strong Country 

1. Colonization and imperialism Many powerful countries tried to secure markets and supply production factors through colonization. In the past, even countries that were powerful countries tried to gradually move away from their home countries and develop production activities in larger areas with the development of transportation and the expansion of capital. Domestic industries protected through mercantilism gradually turned to liberalism to get out of the country's territory, and in this process, Britain continued to reduce and eliminate tariffs, becoming the biggest beneficiary of the economic power, Charles p Golden Burger Magpie 218. In 1890, even attempts were made to reduce or abolish the government tax on imports from colonial or autonomous territories. The economic power rise and fall Charles Golden Burger magpie 219p The imperial colonial rule cost a lot of money to defend the empire, and paying for it became a mid-class taxpayer, and the benefits of George III, who demanded the sharing of defense costs, led to the American Revolution. Unlike the economic powerhouse Charles p Golden Burger Magpie 221p, colonies that invaded and annexed other peoples for exploitation increased defense costs due to continued resistance and eventually were liquidated after the end of World War II and the widespread spread of national self-determination. It can be said that attempts to escape a small country through colonialism and imperialism are no longer possible today, when wars for territorial expansion and invasion are illegal. 

2.Unlike the EU-style acquisition of state-led federation-type hinterland, a realistic alternative is a comparative advantage strategy through federation between countries, which obtains resources and markets. The union type can be divided into a state-led coalition type and a federal-led coalition type depending on whether the leading force is the union itself or an individual state. The most democratic and realistic way is in the form of a state-led coalition. A case in point is the European Union. In a broad sense, economic partners such as ASEAN and NAFTA can also be seen as the same object as the European Union in the current field, which focuses on the economy. The European Union has once emerged as another pillar against the United States. It is said that the European Union will go through a gradual phase and eventually move to a federal-led state union phase. However, recently, the EU Constitution was rejected in France. In addition, the conflict of interest between leading and latecomers within the EU is a very serious situation. In relation to Germany and France, which are the two pillars of the EU, the majority of Germany's agricultural press money will be received by France, the same leading country, not by the latecomer, is one of the contents that intensifies the conflict. In the end, according to selfishness between countries, the form of state-led coalition always poses a risk of being broken. In the case of OPEC, they try to gain profits by controlling oil, but as the suspect's dilemma theory, if the interests of each country do not match, they are showing an attitude of breaking the agreement without hesitation. The failure of the European Union is still difficult to confirm early, but it is likely to end up as an ideal solution if it does not benefit from clearly surpassing the U.S. or if the threat from the U.S. is not amplified so much that it feels realistic. 

3. Federal-led federation of Germany The federal-led federation form is a federation form that is still difficult to realize in the international community where the state is the main body. However, although the axis of the Comekon centered on the Soviet Union and the free camp centered on the United States during the Cold War are similar, it may be considered that they realized a federally-led coalition form in modern times. In addition, considering that the United States is not a single country, but the United States of each state, the United States is also a very successful example as a federal country. The question is whether individual countries will give up their vested interests and follow federal control. Of course, the German federally-led coalition is also problematic. In Germany, forced integration failed to reconcile interests among interest groups, causing confusion in the economic power upstart Charles p Golden Burger Magpie 243 and expressing this hostility outside the country was a major cause of World War I. In the United States, the conflict of views between the southern part of the liberal preference and the northern part of the protectionist preference caused the Civil War. However, Germany (256P), which was once said to be 100 years behind Britain, was able to catch up with Britain because it quickly caught up with the rigid British industry through centralization and organization.  Charles p Golden Burger Magpie 257p 

IV. Our Choice 

1. Realistic threat I think the path we should take is probably the path of a Northeast Asian federal system that entrusts the federation with economic, defense, and foreign affairs that are impossible to withdraw from. Currently, there are two major threats in Northeast Asia. It is China, which is rapidly emerging economically, and Japan, which is turning right. China is already attracting resources and capital from the global market to the point where it is said to be a black hole in the global economy. Our resources and capital can also be absorbed by China's rapid growth. In the case of Taiwan, it is said that investment in Taiwan itself has stagnated due to investment in China and is experiencing a recession. If our capital continues to flow into China, a just-activated venture market, there is no guarantee that we will not experience this phenomenon. Japan's rightward shift is also likely to add to the instability factor for our security, increasing the expendable cost of arms competition with Japan. Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, except for China, which is a major powerhouse, will take measures to overcome this situation.It is a cooperation and division of labor between strong and small countries such as ASEAN. In reality, however, Korea and Japan have a similar industrial structure, making it difficult to cooperate, and ASEAN is cautious because the national economy may be absorbed by large capital such as Japan. In particular, it is very difficult for us to form a collective economic community with these countries at a time when even an FTA between countries is difficult due to strong resistance from internal stabilizers. However, the only way to protect our sovereignty without being subjugated by the Chinese economy is to form a federally-led economic cooperation between powerful countries in Northeast Asia. 

2. Countermeasures In the short term, it is necessary to select and concentrate strategies based on comparative advantages between countries. However, this may lead to backlash from latecomers, making it impossible to form an economic union itself. There is a great concern in that the EU-style subsidy system can be distorted as much as possible and increase mutual distrust. In particular, due to the nature of Asia, which has a stronger nationalist tendency than the West, these problems may have more serious consequences. Therefore, in the long run, there is a need for a strong federal government that can quickly adjust economic problems to problems at the federal level, not national ones. In order for each country to overcome exclusive selfishness, it is necessary to raise a sense of kind and strengthen cooperation. However, it is also an important issue to prevent this from flowing into a radical and radical nationalist orientation, as was the case in Germany, and causing problems externally.

■ The birth of King Alexander Gwanggaeto the Great in Northeast Asia 6. The birth of King Yeongraktai (3)

 Du So's party left the back gate and ran forward into the darkness. I had to get out of here quickly to survive. Darkness was their only shield. Even in the dark, Busabi's soldiers did not give up and followed the Duso party. The distance was drawing nearer. "General Neungdo, please block their pursuit and leave them somewhere else." Dongyeondan shouted urgently toward Neungdo. "Yes, sir. Adult Guksang! Make sure to preserve your body and promise for the next time. Then..." The tomb turned its horse and ran toward the soldiers who were following it. In the meantime, his mind worked in a complicated way. For the safety of Du So, will he fight with his life or will he run away while trying to lure him to the other side? It was all thanks to Du So that he ended the life of a beggar-like tramp and lived a comfortable life. He wanted to keep his loyalty to Douso. But it was just a heart and I didn't want to throw my life away in the face of a dying situation. "You have to survive by luring rather than stopping it." Rather, it was better to be separated from Dooso. "Here is Neungdo. Take my kill." 'Take Du So's dog!" Busabi's soldiers flocked to the capital. Neungdo wielded a knife and defeated Busabi's soldiers and began to flee in a different direction from Duso. Busabi saw Neungdo escape and ordered. "On the one hand, chase Neungdo, and on the other hand, continue to chase Dooso." Some soldiers ran toward Neungdo at Busabi's order, and the rest of the soldiers still headed to where Dooso went. Busabi hurried the soldiers and drove quickly. Busabi ran at the head of the horse in the tumultuous September night sky. 'Don't let Du So go. You have to pull out the root of the root out of the root out. We must protect the people by removing the treachery that disturbs the country.' As he drove his horse with determination, he approached some of Du So's soldiers before he knew it. Du So's soldiers stopped him. But he continued to wield his sword and approach Duso to block his escape. "Duso, hurry up and disarm and get arrested!" As Duso's soldiers tried to stop Busabi, Busabi's soldiers approached and surrounded the party, including Du So. Seeing this, Du-so knew that it was impossible to escape and pulled out a knife. "I regret to have kept you alive when I made up a rebellion the other day. If I had removed you then, there wouldn't be this humiliation. Come on!" Busabi shouted loudly as Busabi's soldiers tried to approach Duso. "Get out of here! I'll deal with it myself." Then, Dooso shouted and raised his knife and attacked Busabi. Busabi also fought back with a sword at Dooso. When the two men's swords collided with each other, there was a loud sound of iron and flames. Although he was old, Du So also had a good opinion of swordsmanship because he was from Mujang, who once commanded the military. However, he also fell short of Busabi's sword skills. Although he fought a dozen battles, he could not overcome Busabi's powerful sword attack and the knife fell from Du So's hand. When Duso was defeated, Duso's men also surrendered, abandoning their weapons. Busabi said, thrusting the tip of the knife into Dooso's throat. "You told me of your sins!" "What can the loser say?" Cut off my head." Duso dropped his head. "Your sin was to forget your responsibility as a state funeral, to satisfy your self-interest, to annihilate Your Majesty, to rob the people, and to usurp national sovereignty. Do you have anything to say?" 'I only resent being killed by my friend's disciple." When Du So mentioned his teacher, Busabi was furious. "Don't talk about my master with your dirty mouth. My master once regretted having a man like you as a friend. So my master taught me to always keep the word people and loyalty in my heart and practice martial arts. Even if the Master was here, he would have told me to use a sword for the people and loyalty. Do you still have anything to say?" 'It's just bitter. Kill me now." Duso closed his eyes and said, "Still kill me." Right and wrong are in power, but what can I say since I lost the fight? It was a defeat, but it seemed to be a struggle to protect the pride that had influenced the adjustment so far. "I can't believe you still haven't regretted your sins..." Busabi said this time, looking at the party. "Do you know your sin?" "Please save me." The Dongyeondan crawled and grabbed one leg of Busabi and begged. "What kind of safety is it? Can't you just sit still!" Yuheul, deputy of Busabi, shouted, taking off the east platform. "I have sinned to die. Help me. Everything so far has been done by Du So. I had no choice but to do it because Dooso was obsessive. Please save me." "The four of you on the east wing..." Busabi stormed out of his seat. I was disgusted by Doos and Dongyeondan's behavior. "Here! Capture them all and send them away!" It was an angry order from Busabi. Rather than the cool idea of dealing with the country's worries, he was confused by their ugly bones. It was angry and sad that the government had been teased by those who could not repent of their sins until the last minute and fought to survive by escaping responsibility somehow. However, this figure of Busabi was soon buried in the dark. In April 391 A.D., the sky on the national road was peaceful as if there was a cold wave in winter. The warm sunshine sprouted new shoots. The fresh grasses had a light green. The atmosphere of the national road has been renewed to match the fact that it is being decorated with fresh grass leaves. Chang-hyeop breathed in lightly. The fresh spring energy seeped quietly into my heart. His body wriggled with live force. I had confidence to achieve anything I wanted. The more I thought about it, the better I felt. "Duso, did you think in your dreams that you would be my ashtray?" Jang Hyeop has risen to the status of a national image that everyone now looks up to. The rebellion of the Du So clan was defeated by coalition forces such as young generals, Janghyup, and Gaseokbi. Duso and his sons and daughters were executed under strict national law. Of course, Neungdo and Du Chil fled somewhere and were not arrested. However, they were no longer able to use their strength. Du So's treason plot failed because the movement was seen through in advance. Janghyup was predicting that Du So would cause military adventures against Prince Damdeok. He could not maintain his power without plotting a military revolt. His strength was based on strong military capabilities, and the strengthening of the military capabilities of young generals threatened him.Therefore, in order for Dooso to support his power, he had to take an adventure, whether he liked it or not, to overpower the military power of young generals. This was the inevitable situation between the two forces. Janghyup watched the situation and waited for generations. I waited for the day when he was crowned splendidly on the court stage. I wanted Doos to move as soon as possible. He was looking forward to serving as a stepping stone to his ascension. Finally, Du So created a great event to meet his expectations, which was brutally trampled on. Even if he didn't come forward, Du So was to be defeated. What he did was just try to use it as an opportunity. After the removal of the Duso clan, Goguryeo's royal court was renewed. Janghyup was appointed to the Great Daehang in place of Du So. It was recognized for recognizing Du So's treasonous act and taking the lead in subduing it. Cheomjangso, who contributed to preventing the entry of the royal palace, was promoted to the head of the defense of the national highway. Young generals were also awarded commendations and honored with a local large scale. However, Janghyup's entry into power was remarkable. After becoming a national minister, Janghyup actively engaged in the affairs of state affairs of the Joseon Dynasty. All the affairs of the ambassador of state went through his hands.All the affairs of the court were under his control, and no one challenged his authority. For the time being, his future was solid. Jang Hyeop thought that he should use the current favorable conditions to strengthen his base. If you were satisfied with the current situation, you couldn't guarantee that you wouldn't be two or three. Du So must have thought the whole world was his, but because he failed to solidify his base, the power that seemed as huge as the royal family became a vain movie for a moment.I didn't even want to think about the days when my daughter, Joo-hong, was forced to become a prince, even though she could be selected as a princess between Dooso and the royal family. He teased himself constantly. I was thrilled to stand over the difficulties of the past. There was a surge of activity in life. But I knew I could never settle down here. As the supreme power, he knew better than anyone else that he should strengthen the foundation of branches and knock down others if he did not want to fall. "I'm Heungdeok, a big man and a small man." "Come in." Heungdeok, a close aide to Janghyup, entered his residence. Jang Hyeop looked at the excitement with meaningful eyes as he offered him a seat. "What's the reaction of the prenatal students?" "It's not much different from the national road." "Really?" Jang Hyeop asked back with a slightly disagreeable tone. It was a complaint that the atmosphere of prenatal education was still a dual situation like the national road. Two new forces were forming on the national road after suppressing Du So's rebellion. One was a force centered on young generals, and the other was a force centered on Janghyup. They were rapidly emerging as important forces of the government while changing the atmosphere of the national highway. As a result, there were strange signs of tension between the young general and Janghyup. Janghyup was very wary of this situation. It could not yet be a phase of confrontation with young generals. There was not enough military capability against young generals. I needed some time.

It was urgent to establish a support base as soon as possible while avoiding confrontation with young generals. However, it was frustrating that Heung-deok, who believes he is his closest aide, could not handle it. "But many cadets are flocking around." Heungdeok brought it up again when he saw the distortion of Janghyup. However, Jang Hyeop did not respond to what he said. Hung-chien went on. "The atmosphere of prenatal education is gradually changing as cadets gather. Rumors are spreading that he is an unselfish loyalist. But even more importantly, there are some promising young men among the cadets who are gathering." "Promising young men..." "There's a young man named Seokjae and Aso, who are both martial arts and high spirits. On the other hand, a young man named Asoro has a good affinity within the cadet. They all have great respect for their elders. Other than these, the cadets continue to gather, and I'm going to gather young people around them." "Great. It's good to reach out in many ways, but you have to keep your balance." Jang Hyeop seemed to forget what he didn't like a while ago, and he was satisfied with a completely different face. What kind of place is prenatal education? It is a place where talented people are gathered and young people who will take charge of the country's affairs in the future based on the skills they have cultivated here. This is why Janghyup gave Heungdeok a heavy task to firmly take root in the organization in Taehak. "I hope to bring Seokjae and a young man named Asoro." Jang Hyeop added in a cheerful mood. It was a sign of faith in Heungdeok, and it also contained a ryo to directly check the vessels of the characters. "All right. But..." Hung-duk hesitated a little while trying to speak when he saw Jang-hyeop's happy expression. He looked as if he had a difficult situation. "Tell me without hesitation." "It's not a different matter, it's actually a matter of young generals." Heung-deok still said carefully. Heungdeok was most afraid of the unity of young generals. If young generals were firmly united around Damdeok, no matter how hard they tried to lay the foundation in Taehak, it was likely to be in vain. Not only would the work in prenatal education not be smooth due to the authority of young generals, but even if the desired results were achieved, it was not enough to compete with their united power. So somehow we had to clarify the young generals, and if not, we needed to get some of them in. "Now the young generals are united with Damdeok. This was easily possible because there was an opponent named Duso. But now that Duso is gone, the centripetal force will weaken. We must take this opportunity to break their unity..." Jang Hyeop nodded indifferently. My strength seemed to slip out of my body. He was troubled by this problem, too. The solidarity of young generals was different from any other solidarity. I thought about how I could break this impregnable fortress. But there was no sharp way. It only lingered that we had to unite and deal with the newly growing young people with this power. "Do you have a good idea?" "I can't say it's a good idea, but the competency relationship is absolute." If we could get the young generals to join us..." "The key figure..." "The star of the sky would be that's who he is." Jang Hyeop did not accept or deny, but just looked at Heungdeok. Heung-deok went on. "Originally, the bond between young generals and Prince Damdeok was spontaneous. However, since Hae Woo-sung started to get along with them, it has been progressing in a very detailed and planned way. When I look at this, I think there's Haewooseong at the center of the young generals." Jang Hyup sighed after hearing Heungdeok's words. Hae Woo-sung was a formidable figure for himself. I opened his way, but he didn't show any pain. It was confirmed in their movements that he was closely connected to young generals. So I thought hard about how to deal with the relationship with Hae Woo-sung, but I couldn't decide easily. Jang Hyeop made great efforts to make Hae Woo-sung his henchmen, but in vain. However, there was no choice but to wonder how Heungdeok would join Hae Woo-sung. 'Is there a way to get him in?' 'Not a good way, but if you dig into his weakness...' 'Weakness?" "Prince Damdeok must know the importance of prenatal education better than anyone else. With the prince's style, I will leave the university of health to Hae-sung. Then the work in prenatal education goes down the drain. Haewoosung is not from a big clan. If he takes advantage of this and recommends that he be a student of Chinese and Foreign Studies instead of preventing him from taking prenatal care, he will gain the upper hand in the momentum and attract Haewooseong from the position of state..."Janghyup's head went back and forth tens of thousands of miles. From the time he heard Heungdeok's story, he was understanding whether he intended to take the position of prenatal education by attacking Hae Woo-sung. It's unbelievable if you're already greedy for a position.However, on second thought, Heungdeok's words also had a point. In the future, the power relationship is a dispute with young generals, and to subdue them, they had to do well in business with prenatal students, and for this, it was reasonable for Heungdeok to take charge of prenatal education. 'I see,' replied Chang-hyeop clearly, as if he had made up his mind. 'Then I'll know and prepare.' 'I'll do that.' More work on prenatal students." "I'll keep that in mind." When Heung-deok stepped down, Janghyup had his men prepare the cart. It was to go to meet Myeongnimsa Temple. In order to win, it had to strengthen the internal power and weaken the opponent's power. But joining forces around them was also not to be overlooked. In this respect, it was a very important issue to attract the Myeongrim trend. Among the many great forces now, Myeongnimsa Temple was in a state of floating alone. Gaseokbi was close due to in-laws, so if only Myeongnimsa Temple was introduced, he could take control of the power of the court. Myeongnimsajo was with Dooso, but he stayed away from Dooso after learning the power of Damdeok. Du So did not participate in the plotting of rebellion. That's why he was preserving his seat. However, since Dooso was removed, it was clear that he would be restless because of his history with Dooso. He had to make Myeongnimsa his ally without missing this moment. When the cart on which Jang Hyeop rode reached the house of Myeongnimsa Temple, Myeongnimsa Temple came out of the gate to greet him. "Thank you for coming to this humble place..." "Thank you for your hospitality..." I'm just grateful." "Come on in." Jang Hyup went in under the guidance of Ming and Lin. There was already a feast there to welcome Janghyup. I could tell at a glance that I had prepared it with considerable care. When Myeongnimsa Temple recommended to sit pointing to the upper seat, Jang Hyeop sat down with a bright face. At this point, I could see how Myeongnimsa Temple treated him. "Hello. Pour a drink to the old man Guk-sang." When Myeongnimsa Temple sat opposite Janghyeop and ordered, four beautifully dressed women appeared and approached both sides of Janghyeop and Myeongnimsa Temple and poured alcohol. 'Have a drink.' 'Have a drink.' The two drank refreshingly as if they were strengthening their friendship. 'The wine tastes very sweet.' 'I'm glad. I was worried that you might not like it..." "What are you talking about, Won..." Jang Hyeop and Myeonglim Sa-jo continued to drink to keep faith. They knew each other well. They have been bumping into each other since the days of King So Soo-rim's crown prince at the same age of the same generation. Of course, they have taken different steps since then. "How is your health? Now that you've become a national figure, it's all yoursYou'll be ruined..." "Thanks to your concern, I'm this healthy. How are you, old man?" "As I get older, I'm not as fit as I used to be." I think we've aged a lot now." A few words were exchanged about each other's personalities. Myeongnimsajo noticed that Janghyup wanted to speak his mind. But I didn't want to talk about it. You don't have to tell me that you want me to join you. Myeongnimsa Temple did not want to be on either side or to be hostile to anyone. Moreover, it was judged that even if Janghyup seems to have power now, its power is very low. If I were to join hands with Jang Hyub, I would rather be with Dooso. Nevertheless, it was because of Damdeok that they were not together. He felt that he was a man of God. Moreover, Duso tried to monopolize the power alone, not share it. At first, he seemed to share everything, but when he came to power, his mind changed. At that time, he realized that power does not need a second-in-command. Myeongnimsajo tried hard not to hear anything serious, but Janghyup finally opened his mouth. "I'm very grateful for your hospitality. I didn't come here for anything special. It's to have a drink and have a conversation with your elders. There is no other special meaning. So, why don't you give up all the forms and let him have a drink comfortably?" Myeongnimsa Temple knew that Janghyup was trying to withdraw people to reflect his intentions while drinking. But Myeongnimsajo is serious with Janghyeop기I didn't want to do it. I just had to entertain so that the relationship didn't go wrong. However, I couldn't resist Janghyup's proposal to have a drink comfortably. "All right. Let's all go away." Suddenly there was silence when only two were left. To ease this atmosphere, Janghyup opened his mouth by filling the empty glass of Myeongnimsa Temple with alcohol.

"Now you're in charge of the job." "I don't know what you're saying..." "The role of senior ministers is very important in the mediation now. You should play the role of the elder." "For the sake of adjustment, we should be willing to spare no effort. But I don't have the ability and I'm old and old... Just help young people do it." "No. As you know, the government is forming a new framework. In this situation, the senior ministers have to be active in order to get rid of the confusion and make the people of the world comfortable." "...." "I hope you don't get me wrong. I'm saying this without self-interest as a national figure. I was just saying that the elders should do well for the royal family and for the sake of coordination. This is the duty of loyalists." "That's right." Myeonglimsa gently responded to Janghyup's careful words. Janghyup again recommended a toast to Myeongnimsa Temple. Myeongnimsa Temple also raised its glass. The willingness to hold a glass broke down each other's walls. It was a trace of agony not to create an uncomfortable relationship with each other. However, the glasses contained different ideas. The wine was swept to my heart in the glass of frostbite dreams. At the same time, they sat together for a long time. In June 391, the mountains and fields were lush with bushes. As the sprouts formed abundant leaves, the land became richer. King Ko Guk-yang decided to ascend the throne to Prince Damdeok, thinking that he would no longer be able to take good care of state affairs due to his deterioration of health, and ordered Daeso Sinryo to prepare for the enthronement of the new king. Damdeok was desperate at first, but he could not break his father's will to open a new era and eventually decided to take over Bowie. On the day before the coronation ceremony, Hae Woo-sung entered Taegungjeon Hall to meet Damdeok. "Welcome, Father China and Foreign Affairs." Damdeok welcomed Hae Woo-sung. Haewooseong took over the office of the Central and Foreign Ministry after the removal of Du So. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Chinese Affairs is the next post after the great generation, and it is a government position where a person with a high official of the loser or superiority is appointed, and was tasked with observing various officials. Hae Woo-sung was appointed to the government post of the Chinese and Foreign Ministry because Jang Hyeop recommended him to the Chinese and Foreign Ministry amid the movement against him taking the position in charge of prenatal education. In the court, many people voiced that he was not a suitable person as a person in charge of prenatal education teaching the children of the nobility because his status was humble. From Damdeok's point of view, who usually thought Hae Woo-sung was the right person to take charge of prenatal education, it was heartbreaking and angry. Hae Woo-sung had already played a role as an instructor to teach cadets in prenatal education. It couldn't be any problem. Damdeok predicted that this was a move to keep young generals in check who helped him and contributed to crushing Du So's rebellion. If you are a force to criticize Hae Woo-sung, you can roughly guess, but they waited without showing any attitude because they had to find out what their goal was. "Dr. Hae, there seem to be a lot of people who are conscious of your existence." "Under the crown prince, I am no longer a doctor of prenatal studies." Oh no... I made a mistake, too. Tomorrow you will be crowned as a saint, but you still called me Your Highness..." "Because the enthronement ceremony is tomorrow, I am still a prince. Never mind." "I'm embarrassed to trouble you." "No. I've never forgotten that the Chinese and Foreign Fathers are indispensable to our Goguryeo kingdom." "Hi, do you know this sword?" Hae Woo-sung picked up an object signed on silk and put it on the table. It was definitely a knife because of its long shape. Damdeok was surprised to see the silk untied. It was a molten sword that the old man Singeum had kept. "Why are you using this sword?" Is the master...? "That'sure. The old man Shin Geum came to me and asked me to deliver this sword to his king, and he left this world and became a god." "Oh, if I had known this would have happened, I would have granted the master's request... Master, forgive this ugly disciple." Damdeok knelt down and wept. "Please calm down, Prince 1." Hae Woo-sung supported Damdeok with a voice. Damdeok got up with a calm mind. It wasn't the time to be sad. A heavy task awaited him. Trying to solve a great task, this was the reason for the master who died. "You're the owner of a molten sword recognized by the old man Shingeum, so you should accept it now." "You should." Is there anything the Master left you last?" "Why not?" In order to make Goguryeo a kingdom comparable to the Heavenly Kingdom of the Jungwon, old man Shingeum said, "Build the status of Goguryeo..." "Build the status of Goguryeo..." "It is to set the era name." After hearing Hae Woo-sung, Damdeok nodded as if he understood. The country that was able to write the era name in ancient East Asian society was the emperor of the Jungwon Empire, which was called Cheonja. The neighboring new or imperial countries that serve Cheonjaguk as a military country could never write the era name. If Goguryeo wrote the era name, it would be very meaningful as it declared independence in the order of the Jungwon Empire. "We will fulfill the glory of Goguryeo by practicing the unity of the Baedal people in accordance with the will of the master." Damdeok knelt down toward the trip of Baekdusan Mountain, where old Singeum became a god and left. The next morning, he wore a yellow gonyongpo and wore a white crown on his head, and wore a dragon sword around his waist and headed to Daeungjeon Hall, where the king's coronation ceremony was prepared. There was a long line of government ministers. It was amazing just by looking at the colorful clothes and the number of people they wore. Behind it, soldiers with various flags, including yellow flags, lined up. As Damdeok walked out between the arrangements of the ministers of the court, both heaven and earth held their breath. Meanwhile, drums rang and trumpets rang high in the sky. It was the sound of the beginning of the coronation ceremony. The succession ceremony to the throne was held in the process of taking over the throne of the late King Gukyang and taking over the throne. First, the edict of King Gojong's abdication was recited. King Gojong was unable to attend and sent an edict because he was in a sickbed. "Nai Li-ryeon has been carrying out the dignified defense for eight years, but he has not been able to lead state affairs well due to his lack of talent and overlapping soldiers..." Damdeok has been leading state affairs well since the crown prince. The material and bold spirit that Damdeok has shown so far showed that he is a leader who will lead Goguryeo. Therefore, Jim tries to relax his mind and entrust all his ambassadors to Damdeok, so Daeso Sinryo should spare no effort to stabilize the country by complementing the new king." Damdeok received a jade bird and sat on a dragon statue, looking at the white crown of the court and opened his mouth. As the king of Goguryeo, it was the first time to meet the officials of the court. All eyes were on his face. "I feel my shoulders are heavy because I'm taking on a heavy responsibility at a young age. I hope that the various ministers will supplement the luggage well. If you want to build a rich country, above all, you have to have your own center. Jim will firmly establish his center and open the future of Goguryeo with the hearts and hearts of the Goguryeo people." He paused and looked around the white coffins. His eyes were burning with enthusiasm to open up the future. The White House waited, watching his next horse. "Koguryo has a basis for self-centeredness, unlike any other country. King Memorial, who founded Goguryeo, was born between the son of Emperor Cheon and Habaek. Until now, countries such as Jin, Han, Wei, and Jin, which have been blinking in the Middle Continent, have claimed to be the center of the world and referred to their leaders as angels. Only the emperor is the emperor who rules the kingdom under the influence of heaven. However, the nation and people who truly inherited the will of heaven are our Goguryeo people and Dongi Baedal people." Damdeok stood up from his seat and continued. "Goguryo is a people of heaven chosen by all the people under the king. Therefore, we have a different view of the heavens than the Heavenly Kingdom of those Central Plains, and we are entitled to establish our own order. Jim will use the era name Youngrak from today, and the use of the era name will continue in the future. Also, the ruler of Goguryeo will achieve unity among the Baedal peoples as the greatest king among the kings of the empire." "Long live King Yeongraktae!" "Long live Goguryeo!" White House cheered enthusiastically as one. It was touching to clarify the dreams and wishes of the new era. Hot shouts connected the sky and the earth. It was the moment when King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae, the greatest ruler of Goguryeo's all-time kings and the greatest great zone in ancient Northeast Asia, appeared at the forefront of history. King Tae's coronation ceremony ended amid continued enthusiastic cheers. But the atmosphere of the festival grew even higher. Amnesty orders were already implemented on a large scale in the wake of the coronation ceremony of King Tae, and food was distributed to the people by opening a warehouse of the state. Inside the country, it was simply the atmosphere of a feast and a festival.  The sound of drums announcing the era of King Yeongraktae spread widely into the Dead Sea. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo