1889 Construction of the Eiffel Tower, Glory of France

 1. The story of the bridge was serialized to the Eiffel Tower Akashi Bridge, which foretold the Iron Age.Shall we go back to the past? Modern bridges began with the mass production of steel along with the industrial revolution. Until then, long bridges were mostly made of stone, so heavy locomotives had no choice but to face the limit of running. Then, with the advent of steel that can bear the enormous weight, the bridge challenged Jang Dae-hwa overnight and finally succeeded. The representative structures known as symbols of the material revolution are, of course, the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Forth Bridge in England. The Forth Bridge story will be serialized next time.Here, only the Eiffel Tower...*^^* But why Eiffel Tower in bridge story of bridge? Gustav Eiffel, who built the Eiffel Tower, was an engineer who built numerous railway bridges before the tower was built. If you look closely at the Eiffel Tower, you can easily see that it is the shape of a tower placed on the arch structure. This is the same as a transverse railroad bridge. Should I say that the horizontal mold of the arch bridge was not placed horizontally but vertically? In other words, the Eiffel Tower is an extension of the bridge. So wouldn't it be the time to get a glimpse of the steel age and the opening of the steel bridge to track down how Gustav Eiffel built the bridge before and how he built the Eiffel Tower afterwards? 2. GUSTAVE EIFFEL (1832-1923), born in France in 1832, dreamed of studying chemistry and becoming a chemist at the Central Technical High School in Paris, but his dream disappeared when his uncle, who ran a chemical factory, passed away. After graduating, he met a man named "Sharl Nouveau" who was a railroad facility manufacturer, and his life as an engineer began. The first thing Eppel learned from Nouveau was the foundation work to build in the river, and in August 1856, Eppel introduced him to the Western Railway Company at the age of 24. The railway company's first task was to design a 22-meter bridge made of cast iron and steel plates. After this, he moved to a car and railway equipment manufacturing company through Nouveau and became the chief of the design department for a ride, and around this time, Eppel directed the construction of the Bordeaux Bridge, which was built with six 25-meter-high piers and a 500-meter-long steel girder. Even though he had no experience in the construction site until then, he began to distinguish himself as a recognized engineer by doing this work well. In 1866, when Eiffel was 34 years old, he founded the Eiffel Company and became president, and in 1875 in its 10th year, he won an order to build a bridge between the Plague Station in Hungary and the Doru River in Portugal, making Eiffel an international construction company. Soon after, he was stabilized by his ability to build the bridge of the Doru River and won an order for the 122-meter-high Garabit Overpass (France-based) that crosses the deep valley of the Truiel River. The Karabi Overpass, known as the world's largest construction at the time, was 564m long, with a track 122.2m high from the bottom of the valley, and a 165m long arch was installed in the center, and both sides were structured to withstand the mould of the bridge with steel piers. The longest piers are 89.64m high, 25m wide and 28.9m high, and are made of 61m steel frames. In addition, the large arch adopted a unique construction method at that time by hanging the semi-arched arch with a steel cable fixed to the mold of the bridge to serve as a joint in the air. It is said that he began to gain worldwide attention after the Garabit Overpass was built between 1882 and 1984, and in 1886, he participated in the construction of the famous Statue of Liberty in New York, so he must have been a talented person. 3. The basic study of the design and assembly method of the towering "Great Iron Bridge" was "Emily Sugier", "Mors Kecklang" for structural calculation and design, "Jean Kompagnon" for assembly and field work, and "Jean Battist Gober" for overall management. These members were the team that later built the 300m-high Eiffel Tower. In addition, several railway bridges built by Eppel were extremely simple and clear structures in which iron moulds were hung over steel towers, which were soon applied to the construction of the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower was built around the Paris International Exposition, which was held to mark the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution in France. The French government conspired to create a tower that would be an original masterpiece of the steel industry, and more than 700 entries were received with enthusiastic response, but only one of them was satisfied with Eiffel's design. Before the construction of the Eiffel Tower, there were many disputes between artistry and industry, ugliness and beauty, but on January 28, 1887, despite opposition from the Parisians, the first pickaxing for the construction of the Eiffel Tower began. Eppel soon went into construction, but it was never easy to support the enormous weight of the 9,000-ton tower. Eppel's design was a structure in which a tower was placed on top of a four-iron frame, so the foundation had to be solidified with concrete to support the four legs. In other words, a large amount of concrete foundations were prepared with a length of 10m, a width of 6m, and a thickness of 2m in the east and south, and a length of 15m, a width of 6m, and a thickness of 6m in the north and west. The main body of the pagoda was made of wrought iron. The volume was more than 7,000 tons, with 13,038 large beams and steel plates used, and 1,058,846 rivets alone. Eppel assembled and completed such a large amount of material in just 25 months using a crane, and there was no other defect. The background of this perfect construction was clear preparation, meticulous calculation, and meticulous occupation, and first, more than 1,700 drawings were made in the framework of the tower, and 3,629 drawings were drawn in detail for each subsidiary to accurately proceed with the assembly. In addition, the holes in the rivets used for the connection were also managed to calculate and make the gap between the holes with a precision of 1/10 mm. The construction lasted for 25 months, and about 300 acrobats rushed to work. In this way, a thin pillar quickly rose toward the sky, and in 1889, two years after the construction, a "giant iron pier" appeared in the middle of Paris.      ▶ A picture of the Eiffel Tower construction data.^^) ▶ Purpose of Construction: For the 200th Anniversary of the French Revolution of 1889 ▶ Construction period: 25 months from January 28, 1887 ▶ Constructor: Gustave EIFFEL ▶ Official ascendant: Eduard VII and his family (Jun. 10, 1889) ▶ Art: 32052 The technicians, who built the sky-high tower, called it "a triumph for science and industry by a huge memorial building," while critics such as novelist Mo Fasang and Abe Maria's composer Guno have lost their seats for some time, including "ugly iron blocks," "shodding factory-like industrial technology in Paris," and "Protecting Art from the destruction of industrial heritage." In any case, in Paris, the endless debate over whether it is art or industry has continued considerably since then. However, during the fair, a staggering 6 million visitors from all over the world admired the Eiffel Tower and praised it breathlessly, and Parisians, who were proud of their art, criticized it, but it was clear that it was a monument to the Iron Age. ▶ The beautiful view of the Eiffel Tower.^^ 4. After Eiffel Tower.. Eiffel famously said to the French, "With the Eiffel Tower, France will be the only country that can fly the flag on a 300-meter-high flagpole," to appease and persuade many opponents of the Eiffel Tower. As he said, the Eiffel Tower was in the spotlight as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years until 1931 when the Empire State Building in the United States was built. Anyway, despite these twists and turns, Eiffel once built a residence on the Eiffel Tower. In 1889, the French awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor, considered France's highest honor, a bust (▶see photo) under the Eiffel Tower and a wax figure (▶see photo) on the top floor. How angry were the people who opposed the construction of the Eiffel Tower? Some artists even ate at the Eiffel Tower every day because they hated it. The reason is that it is the only place where you can't see the Eiffel Tower? On the other hand, the Eiffel Tower gradually became loved by Parisians and artists. Artists began to use the Eiffel Tower as a subject of painting, and various music and literary works set in the Eiffel Tower began to pour out. However, it is true that the Eiffel Tower was born with a sad fate. This is because the lifespan was limited to only 20 years. The first company to build the Eiffel Tower had 20 years to rent the place. Accordingly, in 1910, the Eiffel Tower faced a crisis of disintegration. However, just as those who opposed the construction of the Eiffel Tower were not enthusiastic at this time, those who wanted to save Eiffel also carried out a campaign against the dismantlement by packing lunch boxes. It's not that, but in 20 years, there would have been quite a few people born in between, and it might have been strange for them to see the sky without the Eiffel Tower. Just in time, technology advanced and wireless communication was born to help save the Eiffel Tower. Wireless antennas were installed at the top of the Eiffel Tower, which allowed it to shoot radio waves across the Atlantic Ocean, making it impossible to tear down the Eiffel Tower. Since then, the Eiffel Tower has been armed with various advanced equipment whenever new communication technology was invented. In 1918, equipment for radio broadcasting was installed, and in 1957, television antennas were installed, and weather observation equipment and air navigation equipment are now added. In particular, from 1985, the lights were illuminated at night to show off a more beautiful appearance. Under these circumstances, if anyone says to tear down the Eiffel Tower now, there is nothing but to be treated as a crazy person. A beautiful view of the Eiffel Tower from Almadari at sunset ----------------------------------------------------------------- Source: NHK Special-Techno Power, Japan: Virtual Paris Travel