●The appearance of mankind changes dramatically after passing through the late Paleolithic era when Homo sapiens sapiens, the historical space of Neolithic people, appeared. Agriculture begins, which made the prehistoric era possible to classify economic history, not according to the history of stoneware manufacturing technology. British historian Vere Gordon Child named the Neolithic Revolution, saying that the Paleolithic era was divided into the food collection economy stage, the Neolithic era into the production economy stage for food self-sufficiency, and that it was a great leap compared to the Industrial Revolution. The period of the agricultural revolution, which achieved a qualitative transition from a mobile life to a settled life while farming, was the Neolithic period. However, Manchuria and the Neolithic Age on the Korean Peninsula do not immediately lead to the agricultural revolution. The fact that major ruins of the Neolithic Age are usually distributed by rivers and beaches means that they used fishing as a more important means of livelihood than agriculture. Neolithic people in these areas continued to collect and hunt, and at some point, they began farming and settled down. The remains of the Neolithic Age include the remains of clam radish and the remains of Jipjari. The remains of clam radish originated as a result of Neolithic people burying shells and other trash in the same place over the years. In addition to the remains of shellfish, the Neolithic houses were also found in the ruins of Gungsan-ri, Oncheon-gun, Pyeongannam-do, and Seopo Port, Gulpo-ri, Unggi-gun, Hamgyeongbuk-do. The remains of a house are the strongest evidence of settlement life. The ruins of Amsa-dong, Seoul, and the ruins of Jitap-ri, Bongsan-gun, Hwanghae-do, are the remains of a house, not the remains of a clam plain. Relics such as earthenware excavated from these places show that Neolithic people engaged in various production activities such as farming and hunting. In the remains of Jitap-ri, Bongsan-gun, Hwanghae-do, cultivated grains such as blood or algae were excavated along with stone farming tools, and in Gungsan-ri, Oncheon-gun, Pyeongannam-do, agricultural tools such as stone and horn farming tools made of mountain pig teeth were found. This suggests that Neolithic people lived an agricultural life. In addition, the excavation of rhythm wheels and bone needles indicates that clothing was built or a net was made and used. These Neolithic people are important in that they are considered our direct ancestors. But where did they come from? It was not clear where the Neolithic people came from. Now, the theory of Siberian origin has been mentioned the most. This is due to the recognition of Siberian Neolithic culture and our Neolithic culture as the same system. Comb-pattern pottery, a Neolithic relic, was directly translated from Kamkeramic in northern Eurasia, and it was judged that the Neolithic people from Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula also came to the Korean Peninsula via Siberia. In 1939, Japan's Hwangsan Jangsamrang announced that the route of inflow of Korean comb-pattern pottery was spread in the order of Siberia->Yeonhae->Northeast region->South Coast region->West Coast region, and this continued to be the established theory of academia. However, even if the Siberian origin theory is correct, there may be several hypotheses about the route of movement. In particular, Baikal occupies an important position in the movement path of Neolithic people. The word "Tengis," which was used by the Huns who lived in this area to refer to Baikal, means "cheonji." Geometrical earthenware in the Baikal region also appears in the Songhwagang River and Snow River basins in Bukmanju, and rock paintings in this region, which mainly express concentric circles and hunting scenes, are very similar to rock paintings in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. One branch of the Neolithic people who lived in Baikal flows into the North Manchuria region along the Amur River, and the other branch goes south to the Balhae basin in northeastern China and northwestern China via the Mongolian meadow. Along with the theory of Siberian origin, attention is also being paid to the existence of Neolithic people who lived in the Balhae basin before that time. Recently, relics from earlier periods than those of the Neolithic Age of Siberia were excavated on the Balhae coast and the Korean Peninsula. This suggests that Neolithic people on the Balhae coast and the Korean Peninsula continued to live in the area even before Siberian immigrants came in and developed Neolithic culture on their own. In other words, in addition to the theory of movement, the theory of self-development is convincing. In the 1970s, the oldest comb-patterned earthenware in Northeast Asia was found in the downstream of the Yellow River in the southwest of the Balhae coast and the downstream of Yoha in the northeast of the Balhae coast. Neolithic earthenware excavated from Hongsan Culture in Jeokbong, Liaoning Province, and Sinrak ruins in Shenyang on the Balhae coast is the same lineage as the earthenware culture on the Korean Peninsula, indicating that Neolithic people on the Balhae coast and the Korean Peninsula have the same characteristics. The beginning of Siberian Neolithic culture is believed to be around 3000 B.C., and the culture of the mountains downstream of Yoha and the Neolithic culture of Soju Mountain, found on Gwangnokdo Island at the southern end of the Liaodong Peninsula, is gaining momentum not only for mobility but also for its own development. In the past, the upper limit of Neolithic culture was estimated around 3000 B.C., but as a result of radiocarbon dating on the shell mound in Dongsam-dong, Busan and Osan-ri in Yangyang, it can be raised up to 6,000 B.C. Comb-pattern earthenware, a Neolithic cover, can also be determined to be about 4000 BC as a result of radiocarbon dating. This suggests that the Neolithic culture along the Balhae coast developed ahead of the Neolithic culture of Siberia. The important thing is that the theory of movement and self-development are not necessarily opposing factors. Neolithic people lived in clan units, and it was an equal society where the status relationship of domination and domination did not yet occur within the clan society. The interior of the clan was a relationship of mutual cooperation or assistance rather than competition or confrontation. It was believed that helping each other would help the survival and development of individuals as well as gens, and it was actually the case. Since it was not a status relationship between control and control of Neolithic people during this period, there is no need to confront the theory of movement and self-development. However, as surplus products were created due to the development of agriculture, the appearance began to change fundamentally as the human relationship, which was equal, was divided into the ruling class and the ruled class. The tradition of mutual assistance collapsed, causing individuals and groups to enter fierce competition, and individuals and groups who won the competition rose to the ruling class, while those who lost fell to the ruling class. Class differentiation, which began to occur from the Neolithic period, established itself as a solid institution in the Bronze Age. The occurrence of class promoted the production of Neolithic people. Of course, it is not clear whether it was before or after class occurrence, but Neolithic people had an Animism faith that absolutely regarded the power of nature and believed that all natural objects had spirits. Among them, the foremost worship object was the sun, which was also common to the northern tribes. The concentric circle of petroglyphs symbolizes the sun, and the sun was not just a natural object, but also a meaning of survival. The Neolithic people also had the idea of immortality of the soul that the body of a person dies, but the soul does not disappear, which led to the birth of religion. Shamanism, which recognizes the existence of a shaman as a supplement that connects heaven and humans, was widely popular. Questions about death and awareness of life created religion and faith. As classes and religions arise, human history begins to develop in a completely different direction from the past. Source; Humanist ' Explanation of Living Korean History - A New Revolution in Korean History Description; Lee Deok-il, Director of the Hangaram Historical and Cultural Institute.
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