2022년 4월 3일 일요일

The existing mid-rise or higher buildings of representative Joseon temples in North and South Korea.

 Muryangsa Temple was built at the end of Silla and has been constructed several times, but no detailed date is given. However, it is said that Monk Muyeom, a high priest, temporarily stayed at the end of Silla, rebuilt it greatly during the Goryeo Dynasty, and Kim Si-seup passed away after spending his last years in this temple. This building is a two-story Buddhist temple, which is not very common in Korea, and is the central building of Muryangsa Temple. On the outside, it is a two-story building, but inside, the lower and upper floors are not distinguished and are open as one. The lower floor plane was divided into 5 compartments on the front and 4 compartments on the side, and the pillars were very high. The upper floor forms a four-sided wall pillar by extending the high pillar built on the lower floor. Originally, windows were installed on the small low wall to accept light, but now they are blocked by wooden walls. This Buddhist temple, which houses the Amitabha Buddha Triad, is an excellent building with important value as a Buddhist architecture that shows the stylistic characteristics of the mid-Joseon Dynasty.   Hwaeomsa Temple is a temple located at the southern foot of Jirisan Mountain and is said to have been built during the Unified Silla Period. During the Joseon Dynasty, it was a large temple of Seonjongdaebonsan Mountain, but it was rebuilt during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, which was completely burned down during the Injo period, and continues to this day. Originally, there was a three-story Jangryukjeon Hall at Gakhwangjeon Hall, and Hwaeomgyeong was engraved on the walls on all sides, but only more than 10,000 pieces were destroyed during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and are stored in the temple. In the 28th year of King Sukjong's reign (1702) of the Joseon Dynasty, the Jangryukjeon building was rebuilt, and the name "Gakhwangjeon" was named by King (Sukjong) and the signboard was handed down. This building is a two-story house built with seven bays in the front and five bays in the side on a stone platform that seems to have been built in the Silla Dynasty. The roof is a hipped-and-gabled roof in the shape of eight arms when viewed from the side, and the structure woven to support the eaves of the roof is in the style of a dapo not only on the pillar but also between the pillars, giving a very colorful feeling. Inside the building, the upper and lower floors are open, and the three Buddha statues and the four Bodhisattva statues are enshrined. The ceiling is in the shape of a well, and it was sloped back in all directions toward the wall. The Gakhwangjeon Hall of Hwaeomsa Temple is considered an excellent architectural cultural property due to its magnificent building and excellent architectural techniques.  Beopjusa Temple is the first temple built by Uishin, a monk who returned from studying in India in the 14th year of King Jinheung of Silla (553). The Palsangjeon Hall of Beopjusa Temple is the only five-story wooden pagoda remaining in Korea, and the current building was rebuilt after the Imjin War, dismantled and repaired in 1968. On the wall, Palsangjeon Hall was named because the Buddha's life was divided into eight scenes. The first and second floors have five compartments on the front and side, three compartments on the front and side of the third and fourth floors, and two compartments on the front and side of the fifth floors. The roof is made of a private roof with four roof surfaces centered on the top vertex, and a tower-shaped head decoration is attached to the top of the roof. The stylistic structure of the building varies slightly depending on the floor, and from the first to fourth floors, the structure woven to support the eaves of the roof is the Jusimpo style only on the pillar, and the fifth floor is decorated in the Dapo style with fear between the pillars. The inside of the building consists of a space dedicated to sarira, a space dedicated to Buddha and Palsangdo, and a space for worship. Beopjusa Temple Palsangjeon Hall is the tallest building in Korea that has remained so far and has an important meaning in that it is the only wooden tower.   There are two theories that Magoksa Temple was founded in the 9th year of Queen Seondeok of Silla (640) by Jajangyulsa, and that the Buddhist monk of Silla returned from the Tang Dynasty and built it. It was a temple that was closed from the end of Silla to the early Goryeo Dynasty, and the temple was rebuilt in the 2nd year of King Myeongjong (1172) of Goryeo, but was closed again for 60 years after the Imjin War. Later, in the 2nd year of King Hyojong's reign (1651) of the Joseon Dynasty, it is said that Gaksundaesa renovated Daeungjeon Hall, Yeongsanjeon Hall, and Daejeokgwangjeon Hall. Daeungbojeon Hall refers to a Buddhist sanctuary dedicated to Sakyamuni Buddha, which enshrines Yaksa Yeorae Buddha and Amitabha Buddha, centering on Sakyamuni Buddha. It is said that it was rebuilt when Gaksoondaesa rebuilt the temple (1651) during the Joseon Dynasty. The size is 5 bays on the front and 4 bays on the side of the first floor, 3 bays on the front and 3 bays on the side of the second floor, and the roof is a hipped-and-gabled roof in the shape of eight arms when viewed from the side. The structure decorated to support the eaves of the roof is not only on the pillars but also between the pillars. This is called the Dapo style, and lotus flowers are carved on top of the protruding member, showing decorative characteristics after the mid-Joseon Dynasty. The signboard hanging on the second floor of the building is said to be the handwriting of Kim Saeng, a master calligrapher of Silla. The inside of the building was made by connecting the ceiling covering the ceiling with a two-story beam in the shape of a well, and the floor is also spacious, making the space composition look cool. It is a two-story building in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty and is a valuable resource for the study of architectural history.  Geumsansa Temple, located in Moaksan Mountain, was built in the second year of King Beop of Baekje (600), and was rebuilt by Jinpyo Yulsa in the second year of King Hyegong of Silla (766). Mireukjeon Hall was rebuilt in the 13th year of King Injo's reign (1635) of Joseon Dynasty and has been repaired several times to this day. It is also called Yonghwajeon Hall, Sanhojeon Hall, and Jangryukjeon Hall, which enshrines the huge Maitreya Buddha. On the first floor, there is a signboard called Daejabojeon Hall, on the second floor, Yonghwa Branch, and on the third floor, there is a signboard called Mireukjeon Hall. On the first and second floors, there are five bays in the front and four bays in the side, and on the third floor, there are three bays in the front and two bays in the side, and the roof is a hipped-and-gabled roof in the shape of eight arms when viewed from the side. The structure, which was decorated to support the eaves of the roof, was decorated in the Dapo style not only on the pillars but also between the pillars. At the ends of the four corners of the roof, thin pillars (sliding) support the weight of the roof. Inside the building, the entire third floor is a single barrel, and it is unusual to use several of the tallest pillars in succession, not one log. Overall, it gives a grand and stable feeling, and it is a precious cultural heritage that should be well preserved as a three-story wooden building that is the only one in Korea.  Beopjusa Temple, located at the foot of Songnisan Mountain, was first built in the 14th year of King Jinheung of Silla (553) and rebuilt in the 12th year of King Hyegong (776). Byeokam Hermitage was rebuilt in the 2nd year of King Injo (1624) when all of them were burned due to the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and has been repaired several times since then to this day. Daeungjeon Hall is a two-story building with seven bays in the front and four bays in the side, and the roof is a hipped-and-gabled roof in the shape of eight octaves when viewed from the side. The structure decorated and woven to support the eaves of the roof is a dapo style, which is also located between the pillars. The Samjonbul enshrined inside was built when Byeokam rebuilt, and there are Vairocana Buddha, a Buddhist deity, Nosanabul, a bodhisattva on the left, and Sakyamuni Buddha, an incarnation on the right. This building, along with Geungnakjeon Hall of Muryangsa Temple and Gakhwangjeon Hall of Hwaeomsa Temple, is one of the three major Buddhist temples in Korea.  Anguksa Temple was founded during the Goguryeo period and re-established during the Joseon Dynasty. Anguksa Temple is located in Pyeongseong-si, Pyeongnam-do. Next to the steps of Taepyeongnu Pavilion at the entrance to Anguksa Temple, there is a monument to Anguksa Temple. It is recorded that Anguksa Temple was founded in 503. Anguksa Temple is said to have been a main temple with large and small buildings connecting the eaves at first. The foundation stones around Anguksa Temple and the red roof tiles scattered in the area give a measure of the old appearance. And many Buddhist pagodas of monks in Jeolgol, not far from here, tell the long history of Anguksa Temple. The nine-story stone pagoda standing close to the historic monument of Anguksa Temple is believed to be from the Goryeo Dynasty. According to the records written on the Marudori of Daeungbojeon Hall of Anguksa Temple, this building was rebuilt in 1419, and rebuilt in 1654 and 1785. Anguksa Temple consists of Daeungbojeon Hall, Taepyeongnu Pavilion, Jupildae Pavilion, and Yosa Temple. Daeungbojeon Hall, the main hall, is a magnificent two-story building. It is considered a very valuable cultural heritage as a two-story temple building that currently has only one left in North Korea. Daeungbojeon Hall is a large building with 5 bays (17.04 m) in front and 4 bays (13.2 m) on the side, with 18 belly-flowing pillars with colorful headwork supporting a hip roof with wide wings. Among the temple buildings, it is rare to have a size of 5 bays in the front and 4 bays in the side, and it is especially unusual to have 9 bays in length. There are only seven large gate towers such as Daedongmun Gate and regular gateways. Daeungbojeon Hall shows the architectural style of the mid-Ijo period in terms of balance and beautiful architectural beauty. Inside the building, there is no middle pillar, and 10 pillars are turned inside the wall to form the interior. The main pillars are raised to the high two-story ceiling, further enhancing the grandeur of the main hall. The ceiling was raised up to Jungdo-ri on the second floor to decorate it splendidly with a disturbance board, and the comb board was placed obliquely on all sides from Jungjangyeo to Naejangyeo to make the interior look wider. In Daeungbojeon Hall, the head organization was very good. The first and second floors of the two holes, which are sophisticated enough to be called crafts rather than wooden structures, are different, and the front and back sides are different on the same first floor. The one on the front of the first floor was complicatedly woven with 7 bales on the outside and 9 bales on the inside and outside, and the one on the side and back of the first floor was the same catcher as the front, and both inside and outside were made different. Here, it is also unique to simplify the double-layer head hole compared to the first-layer head hole. In Ijo period buildings, it is common that the number of catchers inside the dugong is more or equal to that of the outer catcher, and the number of catchers on the second floor is more or equal to that of the first floor. The two dragons twisted on the outer pillar of the front and the doll sculptures of the corner pillar of Daeungbojeon Hall are very ingenious and lively. In this building, auxiliary offerings were intersected diagonally in the 2nd and 3rd stages of the 2nd and 3rd stages of the 2nd and 3rd stages of the building to make the building stronger and more serious. The dancheong of Daeungbojeon Hall is very colorful as Geumdancheong. The lotus-patterned sculpture carved through the door shows great beauty. The three-story closed house inside Daeungbojeon Hall is superior and larger than the closed houses of other temples. The first floor of the closed house is composed of 13 cloths, the second floor is composed of 9 cloths, and the third floor is composed of 5 cloths. When viewed from the front, Anguksa Temple is emphasized as the center, and it has a special arrangement.

The dragon head pieces of the head of the head of the head are placed only on both pillars and corner pillars of the front compartment, and various types of headpieces are symmetrically arranged based on the middle compartment, and four doors are attached to the middle compartment and two are attached to the other compartments. Jupildae, the annex building of Anguksa Temple, was built because King Seonjo stayed in this temple for a while during the Imjin War, and Taepyeongnu Pavilion is a pavilion with five bays in the front and two bays in the side. Anguksa Temple exhibits excellent high skills in temple architecture and dancheong, and provides valuable data for studying the transformation process of architectural styles during the Joseon Dynasty. ************************** And this is restored...I think the restoration itself went well... Originally, there were documents for precise survey of the Daeungjeon Hall of Ssangbongsa Temple...  As a three-story pavilion with a square plane, it is a rare architecture that maintains the form of a wooden tower wave. The top three-story roof is a hipped-and-gabled roof, but in the dismantling and restoration work conducted in 1962, it was found that the original form was usually a private roof like Tappa architecture. Each floor has four sides forming a single wall, and the size is 4m on one side of the first floor, 3.3m on the second floor, 2.6m on the third floor, and the height of the oxin is extremely reduced on the second and third floors, so the wall part is small. Above and below the eaves, the second and third floors have two trees, the first floor has three trees, the first and second floors have two, and the third floors have one. On the inner first floor, a floor was laid and a Buddhist altar was placed, and a well ceiling was installed on the ceiling. However, the second and third floors are made of a common floor, and there is a Simju in the center, and the Chunseol of the roofs of each floor are all connected to this Simju at the end. During the restoration work in 1962, Sangryangmun Gate was discovered in Marudori, which was the Sangryangmun Gate when it was built in 1724 (the 4th year of King Gyeongjong's reign). It is thought that the period from double window to triple window is only 30 years, and triple window is only a partial reconstruction work, and this building seems to have almost left the original form built during double window in 1690 (the 16th year of King Sukjong's reign). However, in April 1984, the Shinto was burned down, and it was restored afterwards.

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