-The nation's first opinion poll conducted in the 12th year of King Sejong's reign was conducted in 1430, the 12th year of King Sejong's reign. The king's order was the will of heaven and an unconventional policy was implemented to ask for the opinions of the people in the Joseon Dynasty, when it was like a law. There is no record of the method of polling during the Sejong period, but it is presumed that the official visited the people and asked for opinions and collected them one by one by one. The poll, conducted during the reign of King Sejong, asked the public for and against the implementation of the "public law," a new tax law that requires people to pay the same tax regardless of land quality, good harvests or poor harvests. The poll was conducted on most farming households, which took as long as five months. It was a large-scale poll involving a total of 172,648 people, including the heads of the government and the heads of each province as well as ordinary people. According to the results compiled by Hojo, 98657 people were in favor and 7,4149 people were in favor, which was about 57% of the people surveyed. And nationwide, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do regions had a lot of approval, while areas where the land was dry and not greasy, such as Hamgyeong-do and Pyeongan-do, had high opposition. The opinions of the government were different from those of the people, so the people were generally opposed. The reason was that it was unfair to pay the same tax regardless of the quality of land or the poor harvest of farming, and that the national treasury would be poor with a tax of 10 heads per grain. What is interesting is that even among officials, pros and cons differed depending on their status. While most officials under three items were in favor like the people, senior officials above Panseo, who had the right to decide on national policy, were opposed. Implementing a new tax law meant new measurements of land. Therefore, high-ranking officials, worried that the hidden land would be revealed through this process, opposed the implementation of the public law. According to the records of July 15, 2012, Sejong said, "If the people are not good, they cannot implement it." Sejong was already well aware that landy maintenance and officials would oppose the new tax law, so he wanted to borrow the voice of the people to enforce it. This poll shows the true face of Sejong, who knew what the people's will was and tried to engage in politics with the help of the people. The reason why Sejong was able to implement the construction method despite the opposition of his subjects was that there were more farmers who could pay taxes. Until the Goryeo Dynasty, field farming exceeded 80% of the entire land, and it was common to farm every one or two years. Then, in the Joseon Dynasty, most of the land was changed to the serial farming method, which farms nonstop every year. In addition, from the end of the Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty, reclamation projects and wilderness reclamation projects were actively carried out, increasing farmland. In addition, Sejong distributed developed farming and serial farming methods in Gyeongsang, Jeolla, and Chungcheong regions to areas with poor soil quality. To this end, in the 12th year of King Sejong's reign, the first Korean agricultural book, Agriculture Directs, was compiled. Agricultural Directs is a book made by collecting only the wise farming methods of experienced farmers in each village across the country. Through this book, Sejong hoped that agricultural technology across the country would reach the same level by helping the people suffering from barren land and spreading developed farming methods in Jeolla and Gyeongsang provinces across the country. However, when conservative farmers did not believe anything else except what they had experienced and harvested, Sejong planted the first grain of land under the auspices of Gyeongbokgung Palace and cultivated it himself according to the direct theory of farming. As a result, King Sejong was convinced of the effectiveness of farming directions as he harvested almost several times more than the amount reported. What was newly confirmed after publishing the farming logic was that the appropriate time was essential to increase agricultural productivity. Accordingly, Sejong ordered the development of various scientific devices that can measure the time and seasons of Korea, making it a sundial in the 19th year of King Sejong. This watch was an instrument that could tell the season as well as the time. In addition, in Korea's climate, where spring drought is severe, farming was determined by how to use rainfall and irrigation water, so in the 23rd year of King Sejong, a rain gauge that can measure the amount of rain was invented. The production of these astronomical scientific instruments had a great influence on the increase in agricultural productivity, resulting in a four-fold increase in productivity compared to the end of the Goryeo Dynasty. Agriculture was the foundation of all industries during the Joseon Dynasty. Therefore, during the farming season, the king's travel was reduced, and the government office banned lawsuits. Moreover, since most of the country's taxes were dependent on farmers, kings and bureaucrats could not help but pay keen attention to farming. Therefore, it was only natural to ask farmers for their opinions on the new tax law through public opinion polls. It was in 1444, 14 years after the poll, that the public law was finally finalized as an official tax law. However, even after the construction law was finalized, it was not implemented nationwide due to many unexpected objections. Despite opposition from his subjects, Sejong pushed ahead with the construction method nationwide, developing farming methods and devices that could increase agricultural productivity. Starting from Jeolla-do in the 30th year of King Sejong's reign, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do in King Sejo's reign, and Gangwon-do in the 9th year of King Seongjong's reign were implemented And in the 20th year of King Seongjong's reign and 59 years after the public opinion survey, the construction law was finally implemented nationwide after Hamgyeong-do Island. Although it had various problems until it was implemented, the construction method helped farmers improve their livelihoods, and the nation's finances became stronger due to the increase in stockpiles than ever before. It would have been possible to create a brilliant culture of the 15th century Sejong period because of this basis for the people and the country to find stability.
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