Most of the Balhae residents are Goguryeo people, not Malgal

 Thirty years after the collapse of Goguryeo, Balhae, which succeeded Goguryeo, was founded in Northeast Asia in 698. The person who founded Balhae was Dae Jo Young, the head of Goguryeo. China recognizes Balhae as its own history even before the Northeast Project. It is said that the literature of Sindangseo, which records the majority of Balhae members as Malgal people, is the basis. In other words, Balhae is a country founded by the Malgal people, so of course, it is the local government of the Jungwon Dynasty. When teaching Balhae history in the domestic history education community, it is said that the ruling class is Goguryeo and the ruling class is Malgal, so a small number of Goguryeo people control the majority of Malgal people, and they have learned so. Most of Balhae's residents are Malgal... Is that really true? In response, I would like to say no. The inhabitants of Balhae were diverse, including Goguryeo and Malgal. However, most of the residents were Goguryeo refugees. More than 70-80% of the total population was Goguryeo, and there were very few Malgals and others. Regarding the members of Balhae's residents, we will first examine whether Balhae succeeded Goguryeo. Balhae was claiming to be a descendant of Goguryeo. In particular, Daeheummu, the Sebeonjae emperor of Balhae, called himself Daeheummu, the King of Goryeo when sending envoys to Japan, and in the national book sent to Japan, Balhae restored the old territory of Goryeo and had traditions and customs since Buyeo. In addition, Choi Chi-won, a great scholar at the end of Silla, said in a letter to Taesa Si-jung of Dang, "The remaining groups of Goguryeo gathered north under Taebaeksan Mountain to tell him to call the name of the country." In addition, in a letter to another official, he said, "In the past, Emperor Gojong of the Tang Dynasty hit Goguryeo and destroyed it, and it became Balhae now.By doing so, Balhae succeeded Goguryeo. This means that Balhae Kingdom succeeded Goguryeo. From now on, we will consider whether Balhae is really a Malgal state or a descendant of Goguryeo. In order to deny that Balhae was the successor state of Goguryeo, some businessmen manipulated the theory of ancient times. It was decorated as if the inhabitants of Balhae were made up of several tribes. The Chinese librarian, Sindangseo, distorted the Balhae Kingdom as if it had less land of Goguryeo, and more old land of Sukshin and Eupru. The new party office explains the composition of Balhae's residents as follows. 1) It was called Sanggyeong and Yongcheonbu as the Suksin Highlands, and 2) Tokyo as the Yemaek Highlands, and Yongwonbu as the Yongwon Highlands, and Seogyeong as the Highlands, and Amnokbu as the ...  It was called Jangryeongbu 4) Buyeo-bu as a notice of grant …  He used Mak Hillbu as the town hall notice.  It was called the southern part of the country by using Namkyung as the highland of Okjeo 6) 7) As Solbin Highland, it was used as Solbin Highland 8), as Bulyeol Highland, as Dongpyeong-bu 9), as Cheolli Highland, as Cheolli Highland 10, as Wolhoe Highland, as a member... Anwonbu was used. From above, only Seogyeong Yalokbu and Jangryeongbu are the old lands of Goguryeo, and the rest of the highlands have the names of other clans other than Goguryeo. If you look at it like this, the rest of the region is not related to Goguryeo or less. However, Okjeo-goji, Buyeo-goji, Yemaek-goji, and Solbin-goji were integrated into Goguryeo, and they were inhabited by ethnic groups belonging to the branch of the Korean people. As Okjeo, Buyeo, Yemaek, and Sukshin were integrated into Goguryeo, it is correct to say that they are highlands of Goguryeo. Then why were many highlands turned into highlands of other peoples, not Goguryeo? It is to manipulate Balhaeguk as a country that did not inherit the composition of Goguryeo's inhabitants. In other words, the inhabitants of Balhae-guk made history by decorating it as if it were made up of various tribes of Malgal. It is accurate that the highlands of Bulyeol, Cheol-ri, Wolhee, Solbin, Buyeo, and Eupru are virtually ancient lands of Goguryeo. Balhae's governing body governed the people of Goguryeo, not the people of the same kind. In addition, the ruling class of Balhae Kingdom ruled the ruling class composed of the same Goguryeo refugees, not the ruling class composed of immigrants.  If Balhae's governing body was an organization to govern immigrants, most of the Balhae's residents would be Malgal, but Balhae's governing body was not an immigrant governing body in terms of composition and function. According to Balhae's governing body, there was no such thing as the dual rule system of Liao, which was organized for convenience of immigration, and there was no such thing as the Geum Dynasty's governing body, which imitated the economy and culture of the conquered Han. In addition, there was no accommodation of the Malgal system in Balhae's governing body. Sindangseo contains three provinces, six parts, 12 temples, one, eight temples, one won, one persimmon, and 10th as the central governing bodies of Balhae, which governed the ruling class of Goguryeo residents. The fact that there was only Juhyeonje as the local governing body of Balhae, there was no tribal system, and that there was only Juhyeonje indicates that the local governing body only targeted agricultural people. The absence of a tribal system means that there was no local governance system to govern the Malgal people who lived while wandering. This shows that there were very few Malgals among the residents of Balhae. The fact that Balhae's central political system and local administrative system did not have a governance system for immigrants means that Balhae did not have a civilized people except for Goguryeo residents, and even if there were few. As many people say, if the Malgal people were large in terms of population and were the majority of the ruling class, the ruling class of Balhae would have created a governing body for these Malgal people and come up with measures to govern them. Therefore, the central governing body of the Three Kingdoms and the local administrative body of the Six Dynasties of Ogyeong were not governing the Malgal people, but rather an institutional mechanism to govern Goguryeo people with a high agricultural culture. On the premise of this, it was the Goguryeo people who created the governing body of the Balhae country, and it must have been the Goguryeo people who were ruled according to this governing body. The residents of Juhyeon, which was under the jurisdiction of Namgo-goryo, Balhae's emperor in the Ogyeong and Yodong areas under Balhae, were Goguryeo refugees. However, in the northeastern part of Balhae, most of the residents were Malgal. In the area where these Malgal people live, no Juhyeonje was held, and Yeokcham was not installed. In this regard, I will quote Nakachuuu, a Japanese study abroad student. " … … … (in Balhaeguk) there are no prefectures and government offices, and there are villages all over the place, all of which are Malgal villages, and the people are Malgal, and there are few natives (Goguryans). All of them are indigenous people and use the village chief, and the big village is Dodok, and the next is the company. All the people below him are called leaders."         Regarding this article, many people thought that it was a direct report of the composition of the residents they saw and heard on their way to Tokyo Yongwonbu after arriving at Tokyo Yongwonbu through the Japanese capital. However, this article seems to have recorded what Japanese envoys heard about the situation in a region in Balhae. This record may be considered to convey the situation of the northern part of Balhae, where there is no main prefecture. The fact that there was a station in Yongwonbu, Tokyo, where the Japanese envoy arrived in Balhae, can be seen from the fact that there were 39 stations from Cheonjeong-gun of Silla to Japseong in Doragi, a geographer of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, there was a station disaster on the way from Tokyo Yongwonbu to Sanggyeong Yongcheonbu. In addition, there was also a reverse on the southern border of Balhae and along the coast connecting Tokyo Yongwonbu. (There are 24 stone ruins left in Hoemun-ri and Dongheung-ri, Kimchaek-si, Songpyeong-do, Cheongjin-si, and Yongjeong-hyeon, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region) Nakachu said that Balhae had no history, not the center of Balhae. It is clear that Nakachu's article said that there were few natives, many people to talk to, and that there were no states and prefectures.  Therefore, based on this, it is a great mistake to say that it is the composition of residents of the Balhae country.