Youngrakje, the epitome of a heartless emperor who killed numerous families.

 In Chinese history, the Ming Dynasty's Yeongnakje is regarded as a great emperor, but on the one hand, it is recognized as the epitome of an heartless and cruel emperor. From that time on, the label of usurping has followed and is enthusiastically obsessed with achievements to compensate for the complex.  There is also a king in Korea who is evaluated to resemble Yeongnakje like twins. It is King Sejo of Joseon. The lives of the two kings who lived similar lives are very interesting, although the countries are different and the times are different. That's why there's a saying that history repeats. The most decisive reason why Yeongnakje was notorious for its heartlessness and cruelty is because of the process of killing Bang Hyo-yu, who was a loyal believer of Geonje, a great scholar and nephew of the time. "In Eungcheonbu, there is Bang Hyo-yu, who has a lot of influence with his studies. Even if the Eungcheonbu falls, he will never give in if he values the cause more than life. Even so, you should never kill Bang Hyo-yu. If you kill him, the world's learning that has been haughty will be cut off without continuing. Regardless of any difficulties, please conciliate the defense oil and entrust it to the appointment. Getting him is getting the world." Yeonwang went to Daejeon, recalling the request of Do-yeon, a bookkeeper. As Doyeon said, he made various efforts to appease Bang Hyo-yu. However, Bang Hyo-yu did not bend his will. King Yeon-wang, who couldn't stand it, decided to get Bang Hyo-yu out of prison and meet him in person. In addition, I intend to order him, a great scholar of the time, to base the rules of ascension. If things are handled only according to King Yeon's will, King Yeon, who usurped his nephew's throne by the side of Jeong Nan, will be able to restore its legitimacy and legitimacy to some extent. "First of all, I will try to appease him one more time as Doyeon asked. But if you don't accept my will to the end, there is only one way. Now is the time to hold a knife over a carrot and a brush." Yeonwang is a person who believes that the knife is stronger than a brush. If it is not appeased to the end, they will wield knives to break their arrogant pride and purify them in their own way. Isn't oppression and blade sometimes the basis of the situation? Bang Hyo-yu was brought in front of Yeonwang. King Yeon got angry when he saw Bang Hyo-yu in mourning clothes. "I dare to wear mourning clothes in front of me." Bang Hyo-yu lamented looking up to the sky without any courtesy to King Yeon, and soon hit the ground, wailed, and shed sorrowful tears for the deceased Emperor Seon. King Yeon suppressed the boiling anger, came down the stairs, grabbed Bang Hyo-yu's wrist, and said. "Don't be too heartbroken, teacher. I'm just trying to follow the examination in which Jugong assisted King Seong." Yeonwang made excuses for his military position by hearing that Jugong of the Zhou Dynasty once helped his nephew King Seong and gave him a selection. However, Bang Hyo-yu made a sharp gaze and refuted it bitterly. "Then where is the king now?" "He himself is dead." "If King Seong had crucian carp, why didn't you let his eldest son come to the captain?" The eldest son's continuation of the captain is always the law of succession that Mancheonha knows." "For the future of the country, the ability to rule a country and the strong leadership to lead the world should be considered first." "Even so, King Yang's face is red." If he had a belligerent personality, he would have hit Bang Hyo-yu's neck right away, but he calmed down his anger and repeatedly held out a touch of conciliatory thinking about Doyeon's request. "If the teacher is based on the rules of ascension, I will try to establish a royal road and open a peaceful place based on causality and righteousness in the future." King Yeonwang ordered Ji Pil-muk in front of Bang Hyo-yu. Bang Hyo-yu once again sighed up in the sky and lifted a brush. He then wrote a few letters in strong strokes and shouted with a brush. "Rather kill me. I can't commit a crime of cast against Emperor Seon based on the rules with my own hands." King Yeon made Bang Hyo-yu bring his writing. There were four letters written, Yeonjeokchanwi (Yeokdoyeon evokes the throne). Anger and living fluctuated in King Yeon's eyes. He was no longer willing to suppress himself with reason. If you can't get it, it's right to cut sprouts thoroughly and take root to get rid of the epilogue. King Yeon's fiery roar fell on Bang Hyo-yu's head. "Have you seen such arrogant wealth?" You really don't seem afraid of death." Bang Hyo-yu did not give in to the roar and set up her eyes. "Even if my neck is cut off and my bone is broken here, I will not seconds the rules. So far, this Bang Hyo-yu has taught his disciples that righteousness is great and life is small. "How can I always mix my body with injustice for fear of death?" King Yeon's fists were energized. There is nothing in the world that he is afraid of now after completing Hoecheon's great work. Kill those who refuse, and throw a bowl of rice to the following group. "Even if your sins are crazy about Gujok?" "Even if you behead a dozen, not Gujok, you will not break my will. Didn't you know that a scholar's brush is never cut or broken by a blunt blade?" King Yeon's abstract command caused a wind to live. "Can't you shut up that mouth?" Bang Hyo-yu replied, staring at the incision with a straight gaze. "If my words get on your ears, cut your tongue and rip your mouth." He is never a person who cares about the right words for fear of death." Blood was engraved in King Yeon's eyes. "Okay, I'll do that if you want." King Yeon gave Bang Hyo-yu a terrible order to tear his mouth to the bottom of his ears. Doyeon's request was no longer able to comfort King Yeon's ferocious grit. The purge of terrible blood began. Extremely angry, Yeonwang tore Bang Hyo-yu's mouth to both ears, and Bang Hyo-yu shot Yeonwang with open eyes and endured the pain of tearing his mouth. King Yeon then ordered to capture all relatives of Bang Hyo-yu's family. From the elderly over eighty to newborn children, all of Bang Hyo-yu's blood relatives were taken to prison. Then, in front of Bang Hyo-yu, one by one began to be killed. First of all, his wife, Jeong, was dragged out in front of Bang Hyo-yu. Jeong shed tears when she saw her torn husband's miserable mouth. And he said this to Yeonwang in a calm manner. "It is said that following the noble will of Jiabi as a woman who serves Jiabi is the basis of the three kings' virtue, so how can I resent the dead at the sword of the thief today?" However, I am just afraid that the blue of Cheonggang will be cursed in the future." With a straight incision that solemnizes the listener, Jeong was beheaded in front of Bang Hyo-yu. The sons and brothers of Dumitcher Bang Hyo-yu were dragged out. Even though he was cut one after another by a bitter conference blade, he died resolutely without begging for his life. While watching this with open eyes, Bang Hyo-yu did not reap the spirit and strong righteousness of the scholar. The purging of blood continued throughout the night. Yeonwang, who had already revealed his ferocious tenacity, killed all of Bang Hyo-yu's family members. King Yeon, who could not relieve his anger with that, ordered to capture both Bang Hyo-yu's literary class and friends. "As you said, I will beheading the Ten." Where would a dozen people be? At that time, it was called Gujok by the combination of four generations of relatives, three generations of maternal relatives, and two generations of wife-in-law. King Yeon captured all of Bang Hyo-yu's friends and students and defined them as dozens and cut their throats. As a result, as many as 847 people were beheaded after being associated with Bang Hyo-yu, and those who reached the path of exile could not count the number. Future monks agreed over the purging of the day that the sky held its breath in fear and the flying beast cried sadly and folded its wings. Qin Shi Huang was cruel, but when he ruled over the sinners, the three tribes were destroyed. However, since Yeongnakje was beheaded by a dozen people, isn't the cruelty surpassing Qin Shi Huang?" Bang Hyo-yu, who refused wealth and movies and did not bend his incision. He is taken outside the Chibomun Gate and faces the end of the beheading blade. The last Jeolmyeongsi he left is handed down to the wheel of history. "How do you know the reason why heaven is making a fuss/ The adultery is teasing the country with a weapon/ The loyalists flow together with blood tears/ Now trying to be pure to the military/ What else do you want/ Ohhhhhhh Tongjae, it's not my fault, it's an unprecedented brutality in history." However, the cause of loyalty is also important, but it is questionable whether Bang Hyo-yu's choice to give up everything because of it was the right choice.

The story of a gladiator in Rome.

 Among the modern professional martial arts, the mixed martial arts match called MMA and NHB is reminiscent of the Roman Colosseum due to its primitive and radical appearance. Most of the associations may be caused by the movies Spartacus (1960) or Gladiator (2000), but anyway, the current heterogeneous martial arts and organizations often associate their origins with mixed martial arts in Greek and Roman times, and often find the motif of stage design in gladiatorial games. Above all, it is not wrong to fight in front of tens of thousands of spectators, of such a variety of races, in an open rule game that embraces any martial arts style on Earth, since the Roman era. That's why the exterior of this website, which claims to be a heterogeneous fighting site, symbolizes gladiatorial fighting in the Roman era.   To explain why the design of the homepage was used as a speculative site in the Roman era, I wrote lightly about gladiators in the past, but I am writing again with little knowledge because I think there is a lack of description of gladiatorial games.   It seems that theories are still divided about when and from what the gladiatorial match of ancient Rome originated. In general, the origin of the game was found in Eturian's funeral customs as part of a ritual to inherit the spirit of the deceased and soothe the soul of the dead by offering blood offerings. It also finds its origin in Pancration, a mixed battle of the Greek era that has been held since 600 BC. However, the Romans seem to find its origin in Etturia, an ancient Italian rather than the colony of Greece.   It is the first time that a history of gladiatorial games in the Roman era has written that "a gladiatorial game was held in Campania in 310 BC." The official first game is recorded in 246 B.C., and the gladiator game has become the most popular game and part of the lives of the Romans, along with tram games for about 700 years since then. As if combining the Greek civilization that praised the beauty of the trained body and the virtue of courage with the more extreme customs of Eturia, the Romans picked up the robust among the slaves who had been held after the conquest war with the immigrants and fought for their lives.  Rome was a fairly sublime empire until the Roman spirit was lost and destroyed by the mercenary system, and even the emperor of the enacted era could not be elected without the consent of the army. In this atmosphere, the gladiator's fighting match, which had always sought courage with death on the verge of death, captivated the Romans.     The gladiatorial games were held very often, and most of the box office companies were influential or celebrities in the city, and tried to compete with as many gladiators as possible. Romans, who only worked until noon and valued afternoon leisure activities, often spent most of their leisure time watching tram games and gladiatorial matches. Not only watching, but also gambling or betting in anticipation of the game.     Thirty matches were held in five days, or 40 matches in four days. It was the pleasure of the Romans to run to the stadium and watch a gladiatorial match while drinking wine because it was difficult to work in the summer when the heat was raging.  According to the records of Pompeii, one of the Roman cities, competitions were held on 4,8,9,10,11,12,20 in April, and 2,12,13,14,16,31 in May, and there was a series of gladiatorial agreements if there was any reluctance to commemorate, such as the Apollo Games. Modern mixed martial arts matches are only a couple of hours once a few months, but if the match is a little longer, modern people will be bored, while the records of so many gladiatorial matches seem to have made the Romans enthusiastic about gladial arts.   gladiatorial games were one of the nation's important populist policies, with most free and bread distributed. In particular, the new emperor's inauguration, anniversary, and victory ceremony had to be held at the mercy of the general or emperor, and if he ignored it, he had to be criticized by the people. As a result, many political interest groups have invested money in gladiatorial box office success to gain popularity and support from the people, leading to the formation of professional occupations in gladiatorial contests such as box office workers, gamblers, managers, sponsors, and producers.     On top of that, gladiator, trainer, doctor, musician, referee, etc. It can be said that all jobs found in modern professional martial arts have already been formed at this time. In particular, in the Roman era, when there was no rejection or prohibition of dissection as in the Middle Ages, doctors' surgical techniques were more developed than ever due to the treatment of gladiators and overflowing bodies.   In the early days of Rome, the treatment of slave gladiators brought from conquering lands in Gallia, Germanic, Greek, and North Africa was inhumane, and the overflowing slaves left no shortage of manpower, and life struggles continued, and the slaves' complaints and fears piled up.  Finally, in 73 B.C., a slave gladiator named Sparkus escaped from the Capua gladiator training center with 70 colleagues, which led to Rome's largest slave uprising. Spartacus and gladiators defeated the strongest Roman troops in the Mediterranean one after another with their polished martial arts skills day and night, and slaves from all over the world who heard the news of the victory joined and 120,000 troops gathered. They fought for freedom or conquest and defeated 20,000 Roman legions, but lost in a turn with Julius Caesar and the Roman commander-in-chief Krasus, who was famous for triceps politics. About 60,000 people died, and all 6,000 of the remaining prisoners ended up hanging on the cross.   The movie Fashion of Christ describes the pain of Jesus hanging on the cross, but the punishment contained a warning to slaves against rebellion, and the cross procession, which reached Rome, is said to have lasted tens of kilometers. However, Spartacus' uprising did not seem meaningless, but the treatment of slaves improved by the Romans who realized something after the rebellion, and the gladiatorial fight and system were more reasonable and the gladiatorial treatment improved. gladiators' game pay and status have been relatively higher than before, and the number of gladiators who become free has increased, sometimes joining the army after retirement (military enlistment as a gladiator is legally prohibited) and sometimes served as bodyguards for politicians and wealthy citizens. In general, gladiators were mostly prisoners of war from fighting against immigrants, and as you can see in history, the composition of gladiators has become more diverse due to the frequent outbreak of large-scale wars at home and abroad after the Spartacus uprising.   The number of prisoners of war in Gallia, Germanic, Africa, and Asia, as well as prisoners of death, Roman citizens, but bankruptcy, and prisoners, gradually increased. By the end of the republic and entering the era of enactment, gladiatorial games had become the best sport in Rome, the world's empire, and popular top gladiators enjoyed enormous wealth and popularity. In this atmosphere, even some upper-class citizens, knight classes, and nobles who are drawn to money, longing for popularity and strength, applied as gladiators, and finally, half of the gladiator occupation group will be filled with free people.   Concerned about this social atmosphere, Emperor August banned wealthy Roman citizens, knight classes, and senior citizens from participating in gladiatorial games.  However, tyrants such as Caligula and Nero ordered even annoying knights and senators to participate in this struggle.   However, gladiators were not socially as high as they are today, and were not able to join the army. At some times, gladiators were created in the Roman legion as reinforcements, but gladiators who supported the legion were just second-class gladiators to gain freedom and citizenship, and top gladiators had no reason to apply as soldiers in terms of their remuneration or status. The Flavius Amphibia, called the Colosseum today, was built in five years from 75 to 80 years, and during the fall ceremony, speculation against wild animals continued for 100 days. Thanks to this, hundreds of gladiators and 5,000 wild animals died.   As such, the Romans constantly ate, drank, and enjoyed gladiatorial games for dozens to hundreds of days whenever anything was to be celebrated. Kaligulana Nero is called a tyrant in later generations, but only the powerful class at the time called the tyrant, and the two emperors, who constantly provided box office and gladiatorial games, were very popular with Roman citizens at the time. The Colosseum was also a groundbreaking building in terms of world civilization at the time. It was 540 meters in circumference and 50 meters in height and could accommodate 50,000 to 70,000 spectators alone. The construction cost 100,000 cubic meters of travertine, 6,000 tons of concrete, and 300 tons of iron to connect stone. It is a miracle in terms of world civilization at the time that it was not just a stack of such enormous materials, but was designed complexly and extremely scientifically. The Colosseum is little different from today's Stadium. 80 walls are arranged radially in a concentric circle, supporting a large audience seat that made a travertine block. This building would still stand in full form today if the materials had not been deliberately removed by the Christian side, which defined the medieval Roman era as evil. In addition, tunnels and stairs are intricately connected so that the audience can get out of this huge building in a short time.  On the fourth floor, there are 240 columns along with square windows, so you can put up a large tent covering the sunlight in the auditorium. The tents made of several beards were operated by 100 minnows of marines. This can be said to be the origin of today's dome stadium. The Arena in the center of the circular stadium is well described in the movie Gladiator. First, the floor was covered with a floor and sand on top. Below were stage devices, machinery and waiting rooms to send the beast up to the Arena, situation rooms to help the game proceed, and auxiliary rooms. The hundreds of years of box office battles in circular stadiums were not just carried out on empty soil floors. People like Don King and Antonio Inoki were needed today to suit the taste of the Romans who constantly demanded interesting attractions.

The stage was made with a set theme, but in the match of gladiators divided into immigrants and Roman legions like Gladiator, it was brought as close as possible to the background, and in the struggle with animals, it was reproduced as an African environment. In other words, a set depicting temples, forests, and mountains was built in the stadium, and by using ramps and elevators operated by winch and equilibrium weights, beasts and gladiators could suddenly appear in the middle of the arena. For some reason, it is fun because it reminds me of the position of K-1 or PRIDE players.   Around the Arena, a strong net was installed to prevent wild animals from hitting the stadium, contrary to the wire mesh placed to prevent hooligan intrusion on European football fields today. Speaking of hooligan, I think Rome is probably the first to record the first large-scale hooligan disturbance in history. In 59, a minor dispute between Nucherian residents and Pompeii residents while watching the gladiatorial match developed into an in-field massacre. Just as there were bone marrow fans in European football clubs, there were players, groups, and teams each supported by fans in the gladiatorial match, Rome's best sport at the time.  This exploded in the wake of a gladiatorial match between the residents of the two cities, which used to growl. The defeat resulted in many casualties, and the emperor and senate banned gladiatorial matches from being held in Pompeii for 10 years. And the box office event Levineus and the riot drivers who arranged the gladiatorial match were all deported.     In European football, there have been several accidents in which not only hooligans but also spectators collapsed, and this happened in the Roman era.  During the reign of Emperor Tiberius, a gladiatorial competition was held in a small city called Pyrenees, and a wooden grandstand collapsed, causing 5,000 casualties. Pyrenees was a small city, so the stadium had only 10,000 people, and on top of that, the audience doubled and the stands collapsed. Emperor Tiberius hated gladiatorial competitions, so he banned gladiatorial competitions for election campaigns by senators.   As a result, as the number of gladiatorial matches decreased, residents who were dissatisfied with their desires flocked to the open game for the first time in a long time, causing a disaster. Accordingly, the emperor created several new laws on the hosting of gladiatorial matches. For example, those who own more than 400,000 Sesterthius properties as box office organizers, or those who do not allow construction unless enough land is built on the basis of building seats. There were many ways of gladiatorial games, and the simulated naval field (Naumachia) in artificial lakes was more popular in terms of its spectacular scale. Trastevere's Augustus Mock Naval Battlefield was famous for being 539 meters long and 359 meters wide. Water was supplied to the dedicated water supply, and 3,000 people participated in the naval battle, except for the ship's pilots. Indeed, it is a tremendous scale like the world's great empire, and the only country in history that can hold such a large-scale event for water play will be the Yangje of the Sui Dynasty of China, which built the Great Canal hundreds of years later.   In other words, it can only be explained that the Roman civilization that made this possible is great. In terms of Roman waterways, roads, and postal methods alone, Europe had to wait until the industrial era to raise it to the Roman level after the fall of Rome. It's a wild imagination, but if Christianity hadn't emerged, the Middle Ages would not have arrived, and as gladiatorial games were not banned, MMA games would have prevailed hundreds of years earlier, making mixed martial arts a bigger sport than soccer today.   It is generally thought that gladiatorial games were held only in the Colosseum, and the amphitheater existed throughout the Mediterranean Sea from Spain to Northern Europe, Africa and Syria. For reference, it is said that in the era of Christian oppression, the sight of making Christian lion rice in a circular stadium will never happen in the Colosseum. The stadium in Rome, the capital city, is not only expensive, but also has a high level of perspective and citizens, so it is said that they did not want unconditionally cruel or low-quality entertainment. Historians claim that such a poor box office hit was held only on the outskirts of Gallia and others for cheap taste. As mentioned earlier, athletes who completed training at gladiator training centers due to various races, origins, and various participation reasons played in circular stadiums around Rome, and especially well-fighting or outstanding players were able to stand at the Colosseum Arena in Rome. This was the greatest honor for gladiators at the time as much as baseball players were in the U.S. Major League Baseball. By the time gladiators entered the Colosseum through the underground passage with excitement and emotion, their box office owners (Ranista) would be busy talking to producers and sponsors outside the stadium, and around them, gambling bets would be taking place in anticipation of the game like tieboxing. For the box office owner, gladiator was property, and if he dies because he supports all training expenses and equipment, he would lose part of his property. His trainers and colleagues will encourage him from the waiting room to cheer for the gladiator with his debut match with sweat in his hands throughout the game.   gladiators lived in groups in an organization called "Family," and the hierarchy was very strict. You can guess their own strong bond that shares the boundary between life and death. It's a personal guess, but just as today's mixed martial arts match does not have an official match between the same team members, given the rationality of the Romans, I don't think they would have made them struggle as in the movie Spartacus. You can form a team and compete against the other team. gladiators enjoyed tag matching like modern professional wrestling, and rival gym training centers also fought in the arena. They teamed up with four people and fought against people or animals. Pompeii's hooligan disturbance mentioned earlier is due to this way of playing. Through gladiatorial games that lasted 700 years, gladiatorial workers' jobs were handed over, and fighting methods and training methods were also handed over by gym training centers, and the fighting style became increasingly fixed. Just as today's MMA fighting style is dominated by Muay Thai, BJJ submission, and wrestling, the Roman gladiator style has also been fixed in several styles. One characteristic is that the gladiators' costumes did not follow all of the Roman soldiers'. In general, gladiators symbolized Roman enemies and adhered to the exotic costumes, armor, weapons, and martial arts of their hometown by various origins. Looking at the gladiatorial style that has been recorded so far, the shin on both Tracian legs. A small square or circular shield, a cotton mask that covers the entire face, or a wide-brimmed pitch with a face visible, and a fight with a curved Trachian dagger. Myrmillo fish fighter: He wore a pitch that looked like a fish and was heavily armed. Murmillo generally fought against Retiarius, a netman and fisherman, which symbolized the fight between fish and fishermen. They fought by wearing a Samnite flag-decorated cotton armor helmet and a knife and a large shield. He was equipped with an arm protector, but he did not wear a shin receiver. Dimachaerius wore a minimum armor and fought with two swords. Although the fighting style is the same as that of Laquarii Retiarius, a snare is used instead of a net. Under the nickname of Secutor Chaser, he took off almost no armor and fought with a rectangular shield, knife, and dagger. It is characterized by wearing a shin receiver only on the left leg. They fought wearing leather bands and high brim pitches on their arms and wrists. It symbolizes Belarus' savage and fought only with windows without armor. Essedarius equestrian gladiator: Riding a horse and fighting with a shield or spear. Sometimes they fought in a tram. Retiarius Net Fighter: A gladiator symbolized as a fisherman. It is so famous as a mural that it symbolizes Roman gladiator. They fought with a galerus for shoulder support, a subligaculum for waist, a dagger, a trident, or a harpoon for tuna or tuna or tuna. It is also called Netman today. Women's gladiatorial games were often held, and the remains of a female gladiator around the age of 20 were recently discovered in the UK. In their tombs, plates and 8-shaped lamps in the form of winning trophies were also found, and the inside of the tomb was decorated with objects related to the Egyptian god Anubis and the Greek god Mercury. The decorations related to this Mercury God were symbolic rituals and very important to Roman gladiators when carrying dead bodies from circular stadiums. Shields and knives excavated from their tombs are on display at the London Museum. Their tombstone says that it is the liberation of honor from the circular stadium as a aid. It is said that the women's gladiatorial competition was so popular that it was banned in the era of Septimus Severus. It is a famous story that Mesalina, the empress famous for her daughter and wife of Claudius, the next emperor of Caligula, was a former female gladiator.   Finally, when the newcomers emerged as Arena, the game began after several oaths of opening, after the musicians around raised the atmosphere with music. It is not clear whether he plays music during the game like Waikuru in Muay Thai or throughout the game, but for now, the prevailing view is that he played music to heighten the mood before the game. However, if you look at the murals at the time, there is also a picture of a musician playing a bronze flute while gladiators are fighting, making you imagine various situations.   When the emperor visited in person, fighters lined up and passed in front of the emperor, saying, "Hooray, emperor!" We, standing in front of death, say hello." If it was my dream to be a gladiator at the Colosseum Arena, it was the greatest honor of my life to play a wonderful match in front of the emperor.   Today, gladiators are known to fight for life or death unconditionally, but not all gladiators fought for their lives to the extent that there was a record of several wins and losses left.

If the victory or defeat was decided because Roman citizens were reluctant to be cruel more than necessary because of the high ransom, the winner formally pretended to put a knife in the loser's neck, and the loser replaced the defeat by holding the winner's thigh. It may be strange to say that the Romans hated blood and cruelty, but after harsh training, Roman citizens enjoyed the artificially moving gladiators' skills at the junction of life and death, not unconditionally loving the cruelty of blood. And the same is true today, but the higher the level of players, the more cruel the game is. Residualty is overflowing only in the matches of third-class fighters at the stadium on the outskirts of Rome. However, because it was a gladiatorial game that fought with weapons, he had to play with the fear of death and the burden of entertaining the audience. Winning was a problem, but losing had to be a great loss. No matter how strong a gladiator is, if he kills his opponent or inflicts fatal injuries by winning every time unless he really goes crazy, he will be stabbed to death without any time to "tap out" with his teammates. Therefore, winning and losing were as cool as possible and impressively timely as possible. If you play a noticeable game like a salty and hit go-stop of a player in the old "Pride," you will be angry with the emperor and the crowd and immediately lower your thumb and hear a shout of "Iugula (hit your neck)." Or if you raise your left index finger too early, which is a sign of tap-out, the shout of "Iugula" may also resonate.  The body of the loser, who was stabbed to death by an order called "Iugula," was carried out by stadium attendants dressed as Karon (the Grim Reaper of Greek mythology) or Mercury (the agent of the gods, the lion). On the contrary, even if they lost, if they fought in a fun and wonderful way, if they had a fun and wonderful fight. The winner received a gold cup, bowl, crown, gold coins, and crown made of palm leaves as the champion belt. If they fought too well, a wooden sword indicating freedom was presented on the spot, and the moment they received this wooden sword, the slave became a free man. Roman slave gladiators could generally become free men after fighting for three to five years, but if they were not talented, they could be a body that was cut off in three minutes before their debut, not three years. Above all, the sense of catching experience and timing was absolute in the match between life and death, and therefore, the first-class senior gladiators who survived through countless disturbances were unimaginable martial arts masters compared to newcomers. Therefore, the winner continued to win, and the rookie died easily with a small level difference.    Deogenes, who is not a gladiator in the Roman era but is said to have been the strongest fighter in history during the Greek era, won the 75th Olympia mixed martial arts Pancratzion, and won boxing and Pancratzion in the 76th 77th tournament.   In this case, new players are entering the battlefield where Lambos are crowded one by one, making it difficult for a box office hit and making the game boring. In addition, the cost of training one proper gladiator was quite expensive and their ransom was high. Considering equipment, training costs, meals, and treatment costs, it would be a considerable cost to consider 100 trainees at each training center.   Perhaps the highest level of gladiator was the ransom of today's major leaguers at the time. Therefore, the gladiator's box office system has been constantly studied in consideration of not only player protection but also economic and box office success. It was not just for fun, but also because it was a loss to have gladiators fight among expensive ransom gladiators. Therefore, the main event was a showdown between famous gladiators, and before and after that, animal hunting competitions were used to entertain the eyes.    The struggle between gladiators and animals is called Benatio, which is said to have dried up the seeds of animals in all parts of the empire, and local administrators and hunters were said to have dried up their rescue. In fact, in Nubia, North Africa, elephants were extinct due to the gladiatorial fight in Rome at the time, and hippos in some places and lions in what is now Turkey. No wonder, for example, during Emperor Trajan's Dhakia expedition improvement celebration, about 9,000 to 10,000 animals, including lions, elephants, deer, bears, dogs, camels, leopards, crocodiles, and wild boars, were slaughtered by gladiators alone. gladiatorial games and gladiators were so popular that they often made and sold famous gladiators as character products. Even today, certain gladiatorial gladiators' gladiatorial scenes remain in pots and ironing tools. For this reason, the social status of gladiators was low, but in the case of first-class gladiators, even senators could sometimes be friends. In the case of a famous gladiatorial match, he is invited to a banquet of an upper-class Roman family before the match. At this time, I came to see gladiators that fans and upper-class noble women liked. Roman gladiators were socially popular celebrities, so there are frequent records that upper-class people sponsored them and invited them to banquets, and open Roman women fanaticalized gladiators. Just as there is a story that the members of the Shinseonjo at the end of the Japanese shogunate were admired by women, the masculinity of gladiators in the Greek and Roman periods, which praised the beauty and courage of the trained nud, was bound to gain popularity. In particular, the unique atmosphere of gladiators facing death every day and the "there is no tomorrow" love behavior between the noble women attracted to their charm were one of the biggest gossip for Roman citizens. At the ruins of Pompeii, where the entire city was hardened at the time of the volcanic eruption, a noble woman dressed up with jewels and a gladiator were found standing side by side. As such, gladiators were subject to the admiration of Roman women, and when looking at the tomb of Trachian gladiator Celadus, it is written in Latin as "suspirum et decus puellarum," or "women's sigh and honor." It is also famous that Empress Faustina, known as the gladiator emperor, expressed her affection openly because she adored gladiator Martian more than Marcus Aurelius, her husband and one of the greatest emperors in Roman history.  This mother must have been influenced by the reason why Commodus hated his physically weak father and admired gladiators.    Emperor Commodus is the same emperor who came out as a villain who killed his father in the movie Gladiator and competed with Russell Cro, who played Maximus. This Commodus called himself Hercules, and it is said that Hercules' unique lion often went down to gladiatorial stadiums with leather and clubs. During his lifetime, he was said to have carved the name of Paulus, a famous gladiator he respected, under his statue. According to Commodus himself, he seems to have always said he fought against 1,000 gladiators, and official records show that 355 times were performed during his father, Aurelius, and the remaining 737 times were performed during his tenure. In fact, he is said to have no weapons that can't be handled by top gladiators, and he was eventually assassinated by his wrestler coach in a weaponless bath (Wouldn't it be similar to the choke technique of today's mixed martial arts)?   There are some interesting records of this Commodus, and a man named Cassius watched Commodus sparring and wrote, "A part of the nose, another ear, and this and that have fallen off the poor human body."  Another record describes Commodus going out to the circular stadium and struggling against animals.The next opponent was an ostrich so huge that I wondered if it was a bird. When the ostrich rushed toward the emperor, the emperor cut the ostrich's neck at once. Then he turned to the Senate stone and drew a bloody knife into the air. As if you were able to be like this... Rather than being afraid of the scene, we were speechless and laughed out loud."   In Rome's 700-year gladiatorial history, only Seneca, a teacher of Nero, had never even thought that any Roman intellectual should ban gladiatorial matches. What made the Romans so enthusiastic about gladiatorial competition over the years? The beauty of human's disciplined body and exercise, a legacy of Greek culture? Eturia's stimulating culture of enjoyment and instinct? Because of the nostalgia and longing for masculine strength, as tens of thousands of Japanese who are enthusiastic about K-1 or PRIDE competitions today say?  I don't think anything will be the answer. No one, including the author who is writing this article, will be able to accurately describe the charm and substance of gladiators in the Roman era. Even the masters of kendo and fencing, the most systematic and playful unskills in modern times, can only predict the timing and physical movements of humans to overpower their opponents while holding weapons, but cannot describe the true appearance of Roman gladiatorial combat except Romans.  How can today's martial art, which competes against the retarius style, which threw nets and nags and overpowered opponents with tridents, with narrow rules and limited hitting areas without risk of life, speak of a gladiatorial match in the Roman era. A Japanese swordsmanship master, who has undergone several actual games, lamented to his disciples practicing with bamboo swords and penmanship. "The match between the real swords cannot even be compared to the Daeryeon between Jukdo and Hogu. Now none of you will reach the truth of the prosecution." Roman gladiatorial games were officially banned in 325 AD during the reign of Emperor Constantine, who recognized Christianity. And it was completely abolished in 404 by Honorius, the emperor of the Western Roman Empire, who is said to be the weakest of all Roman emperors. At that time, Christian monks who entered the amphitheater to ban gladiatorial matches were said to have been stoned and killed by angry crowds. Pancration, a bare-handed mixed martial arts of the Greek era, was almost completely revived by modern MMA (different martial arts).

Anyone can guess about Greece's mixed martial arts if they can understand mixed martial arts. However, the gladiatorial match of the Roman era, which can be called a mixed martial arts of weapons, collapsed with the spirit of Rome, and now it will not be able to be revived again. I don't know if a game that can take a person's life with knives, shields, nets, and trident in front of tens of thousands of enthusiastic spectators becomes legal. ------------------------------------- The gladiators' body shape was not as slim as the physical beauty players, but quite chubby. This is to accumulate energy (in the form of fat) required for long-term fighting. It can be said that there are many unexpectedly chubby fighters today. Another is to protect the body with moderately fatty flesh so that it does not cause fatal injuries to muscles or bones when cut by a knife. Therefore, I think the uniformly slim gladiators in the movie can be said to be a little lame. Of course, there were slim gladiators, too.

Pungnaptoseong Fortress, Hanseong-eup period Baekje Wangseong Fortress. Virtually, it'

 It was virtually determined that Pungnaptoseong Fortress in Seoul was the royal castle of Baekje in 18-AD 475 BC, which almost fell into the labyrinth of eternal history.     Later literature materials such as Samguksagi and Samgukyusa about Wangseong, or Wangdo that encompass it, record that the name is Hanseong or Wiryeseong, but the detailed location is unknown.     Accordingly, there have been three theories about the fortress: ▲ Mongchontoseong ▲ Pungnaptoseong Fortress in Chungung-ri, Hanam-si.     However, after excavating the planned site of Hyundai Riverville Apartment inside Pungnaptoseong Fortress and the eastern wall by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage in 1997 and 1999, Pungnaptoseong Fortress emerged as the strongest candidate for Baekje Fortress in the Hanseong period.     In this situation, the results of this year's investigation into the future village area inside Pungnaptoseong by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage confirm that Pungnaptoseong is the only candidate for Baekje's royal family.     Above all, it proves that the Baekje people left a clear archaeological trace in the future village area in the fall of 475, before Baekje's royal family was thoroughly trampled by 30,000 Goguryeo troops led by King Jangsu.     Excavations conducted on some of the 6,400 pyeong of land in Mirae Village confirmed that Hanseong Baekje's large garbage dump, building sites, stone remains (stone structures), and furnace facilities.     Among the excavated artifacts, various roof tiles, which were clearly used only in high-end buildings such as royal palaces and temples, are drawing particular attention on the Korean Peninsula before the 5th century.     One of the most shocking parts of the roof tiles in the archaeological world is the fact that as many as 30 wadangs were excavated at the end of the eaves of the building for decoration finishing.     In addition, a large number of artifacts were excavated here, including large flatware, Sukiwa, earthenware, a kind of sewer pipe, cornerstone, a wooden pillar pedestal, and gold ornaments, as well as celadon and glazed pottery.     Although excavations are in full swing, the site has been pouring out about 200 boxes of artifacts so far.     In another small pit identified in the east of the disposal site, shellfish such as lily shells and phinoceros, as well as lower jaw bones, leg bones, ribs, chicken bones, fish bones, and bone fragments of cattle and pigs were excavated.     It is also believed that some kind of ritual was held in this area as earthenware, which is believed to have contained foods such as fish, shellfish, and meat, was artificially buried in the ground.     Among these achievements, the investigation team said, "It is a direct evidence of the existence of buildings that are very important to Pungnaptoseong," while explaining, "It is believed that there were traces of important national facilities such as palaces or government buildings in the Baekje period."     In short, Pungnaptoseong Fortress means the royal castle of Hanseong Baekje, which is "lost."

Silly War History Part 1 Non-Warfare: Battle between Jeon Jin and Dong Jin

 The time when there are the most casualties in the war is not when there is a neck-and-neck race, but when one side is defeated and runs away. It is said that if two to three out of 10 people die during a neck-and-neck race, seven to eight people die when they run away after losing. Of course, not all battles are like that (e.g., the Baekje 5,000th Legation), but so are many battles. Why are you killed by a knife in the back of your head while running away without even fighting? I think we can win if we turn around and fight, but we can't because there is a "panic" in human psychology. When it comes to panic, it can be said that it is "a state of shaking up and down because of fear." Surprisingly, this happens in many wars. The army with severe training is a little less, but there seems to be no exception if the situation worsens. An example of Seoul is the battle of Yongin in Imrancho, where 50,000 people collapsed due to 1,600 attacks.It's embarrassing, but it's true that I lost. However, not only in Korea, but also in China and Japan, and in the West, so I will look through such history. Part 1 was the king and hero of the low family at the time of the 5th 16th Kingdom, but it was a non-battle battle that was the beginning of the collapse of the miserable dog in his later years. The father-in-law was the king as follows. The third king (reigned 357-385) of Jeon Jin ((, 338-385). Jayeonggo and Munok. Myoho Sejo. When he ascended to the throne at Jangan National Road, he defeated the tyranny of the low-class family and appointed Koreans. It improved prenatal studies, encouraged learning, and actively raised agriculture. In particular, thanks to the completion of Korean scholar Wang Meng, the national tax was greatly reduced. In 370 years, he attacked Jeon Yeon, won Luoyang, attacked Up, captured King Yeon, and moved to Jangan with 40,000 Seonbi people (the fall of Jeon Yeon). Subsequently, he destroyed all of the former Liang and obtained the Gansu region, and took control of the southern part of Inner Mongolia by targeting the Iron Buddha and Takbalbu. In addition, General Yeo Gwang was ordered to conquer various western countries in the Tarim Basin, so the prestige of the advancement extends from Goguryeo in the east to Hotan in the southwest of Tarim in the west. If you look up to here, isn't he an outstanding king? However, these peddles are also destroyed in the battle of the rain. But the process is very vain. Below is the content of "Second Volume of Chinese History" (written by Kim Hee-young, Cheong-A Publishing House). -------------- The world is like a family by King Jeon Jin's father."The political idea bears fruit through Wang Meng's outstanding talent and hard work, allowing Jeon Jin to become a powerhouse and unify most of northern China. The landscape of Jeonjin reached Changhae to the east, Guja to the west, Yangyang to the south, and Daemak to the north. At that time, as many as 62 countries, including Suksin in the northeast, Woojeon in the west, Daewan, Ganggeo, and Cheonchuk, sent lions to Jeonjin to offer tributes and establish friendly relationships. In this way, Dongjin was the only country that confronted Jeonjin. In 375, the monk Wang Meng died. King Jeon Jin-wang's Bugyeon cried out loud and said, "The sky doesn't seem to want me to achieve the great achievement of unification in the world. He wailed, saying, "Why does Lee Da-ji quickly take away the king's alliance that I was relying on?" Prior to his death, Wang Meng left the following will to King Jeon Jin's father. Although the Qin (Dongjin) country is away from the midfield and in the south of the Janggang River, it has succeeded to the orthodox throne since it touched it, and the military officials respect order and are harmonious. Do not think of subduing the camp after the death of God. Rather, the scholars and the powerful are the enemies of our progress. Soon after, it will be a concern, so we will have to gradually remove them to strengthen the foundation of the country." But soon after that, King Jeon Jin's Bugyeon became greedy to subdue Dongjin. At that time, the power of advancement was much superior to that of Dongjin. In October 382, Bugyeon held a Jungshin meeting and said, "Now all sides have already been settled, but only Dongjin in the southeast remains. There are 970,000 troops in our forward movement. I want Jim to personally have this army and go out, but what are your opinions?" he asked the public officials' opinions. Among the lined up midwives, in favor of the opinions of their parents, "Now is a golden opportunity. Some said, "The Great King's army will definitely win, because the strong Korean country is subjugating the weak Dongjin," but many people expressed opposition. "Dongjin's army is small in number, but the military is harmonious and the inside and outside are united to receive absolute support from the people. I think it's better not to subdue it." Crown Prince Bugeng and others opposed, saying, "Dongjin is not only born with natural luck, but also geographically advantageous, so it will be difficult for our military to cross the rough road of Janggang River. No one can know that Bua is the so-called Cheondo, a good opportunity from heaven. It is not something to pay attention to, and the difficulty of the Janggang River is put forward, but the country has also collapsed. There can be no enemy where our military is headed, and if we throw our horse sticks into the Janggang River, the strong waves of the Janggang River will stop. In front of our military, there can't be a fortress that Dongjin believes in." After the meeting, Bugyeon quietly called in his younger brother Buyong to discuss it. Buyong was an outstanding tactician and a master of civil affairs, and was recognized as an arm of the father and son along with Wang Meng. Buyong quietly opened his mouth. "Dongjin, who is thousands of miles away, is not attacking, but I don't think we need to go first." Rather, we will have to deal with the nearby strong, reeds, and scholars. What if something unexpected happens in the capital while our army is traveling to Gangnam? It will be useless to regret it.' Buyong continued with the following words. "I am only a foolish stubborn person, but I earnestly express my sincere will to your Majesty not to forget the will of the king's alliance.' Wang Meng's will is omitted here because it was mentioned earlier. Buyong tried to persuade Bu-Gyeon by reminding the will of Wangmaek. When Bugyeon listens to Buyong, his face changes, and "We have enough troops, funds, and weapons." We can destroy Dongjin at once, just as strong autumn winds drop leaves. Nevertheless, it is incomprehensible that both the royal court and his wife oppose my subjugation of Dongjin. In addition, I thought to myself, 'I can't believe you're against it.' Gyeong Jo-yoon (the minister of capital) Mo Yong-soo joined when King Jeon Jin's father was nervous due to such opposition. Mo Yong-soo was a member of the royal family founded by the Seonbi people. He was a talented and resourceful man who led the military to victory when he was in crisis after being attacked by Dong-jin early on. However, the court not only treated him harshly without proper treatment for his merit, but also conspired to remove him. Mo Yong-soo, who fought against this, left the battlefield and came to Bugyeon to ascend to the position of Gyeong Jo-yoon with the trust of Bugyeon. When Wang Meng was alive, Wang Meng once testified to his father, "It is better to remove Mo Yong-soo for the future of Jeon Jin," but his father said, "I am going to conquer the world by embracing heroes from all directions." But how can I kill him? Also, when he first came, I already decided to trust and accept him. He also protected Mo Yong-soo, saying, "I will not be reluctant to speak Japanese, but I will be a Manseung (Cheonja)." On this day, Mo Yong-soo said to his dog, "It is the reason of the world for the strong to attack the weak." It is a language troupe not to subdue Dongjin ahead of this golden opportunity. "Are you willing to hand over the ambassador of Dongjin subjugation to your descendants?" he said. Mo Yong-soo, who heard this and saw his dog happy, continued to talk again. "To succeed in a big thing, the great king has no choice but to make his own decisions. If you listen to the opinions of the mediators widely, you will not be able to do anything.' The dog clapped his hands and rejoiced. "You are the only one who will conquer the world with me," Bugyeon gave Mo Yong-soo a big prize. Rumors that the dog had solidified the resolution of the subjugation of Dongjin drove Jeon Jin's Jo-ya into anxiety. Bu-Gyeon's most beloved woman, Jang-in, dissuaded him, saying, "Your Majesty's order to subdue Dongjin is a betrayal of heaven and people," but Bu-Gyeon did not listen, saying, "What kind of intervention is a woman in war?" This time, the most beloved son, Jung Joong-gongseon, said, "It is important to listen to the opinions of the court judges or not," but the dog did not accept it, saying, "What do the children know?" Bugyeon was an avid Buddhist, but he just laughed and refused to accept his words even at the recommendation to stop the subjugation of the famous monk Doan of the time. On August 8, 383, King Jeon Jin's Bugyeon finally issued an order to subdue Dongjin. As if the world was unified and the emperor of Dongjin was kneeling in front of his knees, Bugyeon made the following boast. I will bring King Dongjin's Sama Changmyeong to Jangan and make Jim's Sangseo Jwabokya (a high official in charge of politics by assisting the prime minister). Dongjin's re-appointment will be appointed to the Minister of Commerce and Industry, and General Hwanchung will be appointed to the market to make him the minister of Jim's clan. Our military is about to participate. It won't be long before that day comes. Let the capital be set up with the mansion of King Dongjin's Sama Changmyeong." Such a rant from the father-in-law expresses the pride and arrogance of the time when he was intoxicated with victory. Bugyeon started Jangan with 600,000 infantry and 270,000 cavalry, the main units of the forward line, and assigned 300,000 troops to Buyong to advance to Yeonggu (Yeongsan-hyeon, Anhui-seong). The left-wing of Jeonjin-gun entered Paengseong (Seo-si, Gangseo-si), and the right-wing advanced along the Janggang River. At this time, the rear guard was advancing to Hamyang. The sight of 600,000 infantry and 270,000 cavalry of Jeonjin-gun marching east and west by waterway and land was spectacular as if shaking heaven and earth.

At that time, after careful consideration, Dongjin issued a mobilization order across the country and appointed his younger brother, General Saseok, and his nephew, General Sahyeon, as the vanguard, and even his son, General Boguk, joined forces to fight against the forward army. Originally, Dongjin-gun was organized into the Northern Army, an elite unit consisting of soldiers from the north, and the Western Army, led by General Hwanchung. In this battle, the northern army took the lead under the direction of the minefield. Dongjin-gun's morale was vigorous, but in numbers, it was only one-tenth of Jeonjin-gun's, so the generals of Dongjin were trembling with anxiety. Sahyeon asked the issue for a strategy. Then the issue is 'no problem'. The operation is in my heart,' he replied. Hwanchung, commander of the western army in Dongjin, tried to cover 3,000 of his elite soldiers to the defense of the capital, but the issue was, "There is enough troops to defend the capital, so there is no need to worry," and ordered to strengthen defense in the western Yangyang direction. Sahyeon, the vanguard of the Northern Army, and the total number of reincarnation of the Western Army were uneasy. Hwan-chung sighed and said. "The issue is a politically good prime minister, but it cannot be said that he is an outstanding strategist. With this operation, who can guarantee that we will not be captured by the enemy? Dongjin was inferior in terms of troops, but he was in an emergency situation of national survival that the million troops attacked, leaving the confrontation between the domestic classes and fighting for the survival of the people by united and dying. Jeonjin-gun and Dongjin-gun were stationed between Bubu (north of Anhuiseong Fortress, Hoeha tributary), and in the battle of Jeokbyeok, Jojo, Yubi, and Sonkwon determined the trend of establishing the Three Kingdoms. In October, the leading troops of Jeon Jin-gun attacked Suyang (southwest of Suhyeon, Anhuiseong) to decorate Seojeon with victory. Some parts of Dongjin-gun go up to Hyeopseok (west of Suhyeon) and say, "The morale of the enemy is very strong." He sent a report to the main station stating that his allies are in danger of joining the main army due to the lack of troops, but in the middle, this report entered the hands of Jeon Jin-gun. Buyong, the vanguard of Jeon Jin-gun, immediately informed the dog of the contents of this report. Bugyeon immediately rushed from the star to foster with 8,000 cavalry, held top secret talks with Buyong, and dispatched Ju-seo to Dongjin-gun's camp to recommend surrender. Ju-seo was originally a general of Dong-jin, who lost the fight against Jin Jin and became a prisoner when he was in charge of Yangyang's defense, and has since worked as a manager under his father-in-law. Although his body was under his father's wing, his heart was always in Dongjin, his homeland. Ju-seo, who became a lion and reached the position of Dongjin-gun, told Saseok and others a secret plan. "One million troops in Jeonjin have not yet been gathered. If this 1 million troops were fully gathered, it would be difficult to break it down. "If you don't miss the current opportunity and break down the spirit by beating and destroying the frontiers of the front line, the military of the front line will be able to break down." And he promised to fight in response to the comrades inside the front line. In November, when the northern army led by the Yuruji of Dongjin-gun launched a fierce attack on the forward forces stationed in Nakgan (the point where the fall flows into the corridor, east of Hoenam-si, Anhui-seong), 50,000 troops were greatly defeated and crossed the river, and more than 15,000 Gusa drowned. It was Dongjin's victory. Dongjin-gun continued to approach the eastern hill of Bisu, which was seen far from Suyang. Upon receiving this report, King Jeon Jin-wang and his younger brother Buyong climbed to Suyangseong Fortress and looked at Dongjin's position. The military deployment and the establishment of a camp in Dongjin-gun were indeed strict, so there was no room for an inch, and the military discipline was solemn and determined. On the one hand, the dog admired it and was surprised on the other. Looking back at Palgongsan Mountain (west of Hoenam-si), all the vegetation swaying by the wind seemed to be the soldiers of Dongjin. 'He has a lot of soldiers and is elite. "He is a strong enemy, a strong enemy," and the dog could not hide its fearful light. Jeon Jin-gun was positioned on the west coast of Bisu, confronting Dongjin-gun, and blocking Dongjin-gun from Doha. The forward army was waiting for the follow-up unit to come, and their operation was to attack and hit the enemy before the follow-up unit of the forward arrived. A few days later, a challenge flew from the spearhead of Dongjin-gun to the spearhead unit of Jeonjin-gun. The challenge is, "If the two armies confront each other with a river in between, the fight will be prolonged. If Jeon Jin wants a quick decision, why don't we retreat a little and Dong Jin-gun fight after crossing the river to determine the victory or defeat?" it said. The generals of Jeonjin argued that they should not retreat, but Bugyeon shook his head and claimed, "If we retreat a little and rush as cavalry when Dongjin-gun crosses half way, and siege and counterattack Dongjin-gun, victory is ours." Buyongdo agreed with the opinion of his father. When Jeon Jin-gun began to retreat, the soldiers of Jeon Jin, who left their hometowns far away and were dragged to war, began to fight ahead and run away like a stream of water that turned on a beam for fear of dog death. Dongjin-gun chased the forward army like a node for this gap. The operation of King Jeon Jin-wang's father planned to annihilate Dongjin by changing direction while waiting for Dongjin to cross the dagger halfway, but he was busy running away without having time to turn because Dongjin continued to chase him. It was also embarrassed and rushed away at once. The dogma doubted his own eyes at a completely unexpected situation. Since the reversal attack was a secret of the military, there was no reason for ordinary soldiers to know. He just retreated according to the retreat order. When Dongjin-gun reached the middle of the river, an order to "turn back and charge" should have been issued, but before the order was issued, the shouts of "we lost, run away!" shook the camp of Jeonjin. It was mentioned earlier that Joo-seo made a secret promise to respond to Dongjin-gun. Ju-seo shouted in a crowd that squeezed and retreated with his henchmen. There is a saying, "When a dog barks at the shadow, many dogs bark together." This week's plan was to make vain shouts to confuse the soldiers of Jeon Jin. Subsequent troops were marching toward the guard in the defeated forward forces. These units met with the losing Jeon Jin-gun and heard rumors that "It's a defeat, defeat!" and they also ran away. As if collapsing, the soldiers of Jeonjin were defeated day and night, and 780% of the soldiers of Jeonjin were sacrificed by hunger and cold. Buyong died during the fight and was injured by Yu-si, and barely survived and returned to Jangan. Only 100,000 soldiers followed when the dog, who had a million troops three months ago, returned to the market. -------------- This is the process afterwards. Two years after the dog's advancement was defeated in the rain, Mo Yong-soo, who was under the dog's command, caused a sequelae in Jungsan. Prior to this, Mo Yong, a scholar who moved to the crowd when the dog was defeated and returned to the market, revolted. Dogyeon killed the deceased Mo Yong-wi, but his younger brother Mo Yong-chung gathered the Seonbi tribe. It is called Emperor by taking away Jangan and establishing the Yeon Dynasty. However, the scholars tried to go back to their hometown, the east, and they eventually left Jangan to the east, but there was a posthumous relationship founded by Mo Yong-soo, and they were destroyed by the posthumous relationship. This is called Seoyeon, but it is so short that it is not included in 16 countries. Dogyeon, who was kicked out of the market by a worm, was avoiding Ojangsan Mountain, but this time, he was captured alive by a strong leader. Eventually, the dog was killed by the chief. The chief will succeed the father-in-law and become the emperor, which is backward. In addition, several countries such as Seojin, Huryang, Namryang, Seoryang, and Ha lived there, and Huyeon was later divided into Namyeon and Bukyeon. In this way, the game of progress, which was unified before the war of the dagger, was divided into 10 countries after the war. The northern part, which was divided like this, was unified by the northern throne established by the scholar Cheokbal clan, which is the beginning of the Northern Dynasty. ----------------------------- Who knew such a great dog would go so miserable? The victory or defeat of the war can end very funny, so it's just fun.

I surrendered to Goguryeo's Sui Dynasty twice.

 Goguryeo and Seokguram are representative objects mentioned when talking about the greatness and excellence of our history and culture. Seokguram Hermitage, which shows the proportionality of Goguryeo and Rak, expressed as losers in Northeast Asia and even losers in East Asia, is a symbol that proves the excellence of our people. However, are all of our thoughts on Goguryeo and Seokguram true? Shin Hyung-joon (38), who has been in charge of cultural properties at the Chosun Ilbo's Ministry of Culture for a long time and is currently a reporter at the Ministry of Social Affairs, argues that the general thoughts on Goguryeo and Seokguram are exaggerated differently from the facts in his recent publication. Goguryeo and Seokguram are not the only problems. The same is true of the Silla Park Je-sang, a symbol of loyalty. The author points out that he should know the dynamics between Silla and Japan in the early 5th century, when he had no choice but to send the Silla prince as a hostage. The title alone reveals the author's intention of the book composed of four articles, "Goguryo is a loser in Northeast Asia, or a loser in Liaodong," "Goguryo surrendered to the Suu Dynasty," "Why did Park Je-sang die in the country?" and "There is no mathematical proportionality in Seokguram." The author explains that Goguryeo researchers, including Seoul National University professor Roh Tae-don and Ulsan University professor Jeon Ho-tae, have argued, and that Goguryeo's theory of defeat in Northeast Asia, which is widely used in academia and the general public, has no reasonable basis. The author explains that the concept of Northeast Asia, created in the early 1930s by Professor Robert Kerrner of Berkeley State University in the U.S., includes three East Asian countries in Korea, China, and Japan, as well as Russia, which owns Maritime Province. It is also easy to think of Goguryeo's defeat of the Su Dynasty's Great Battle of Salsu, but it is pointed out that Goguryeo clearly surrendered to the Su Dynasty twice (1st and 4th invasions) and withdrew due to domestic rebellion during the third invasion of Yangje of the Su Dynasty. Basically, the author believes that it is unreasonable to compare Goguryeo with the Su Dynasty, which does not have the military ability to attack mainland China. The same is true of the mathematical proportionality of Seokguram Hermitage. After the claim of Japanese architect Miyoji Yoneda during the Japanese colonial period, prominent Korean art historians, including Kang Woo-bang, a professor at Ewha Womans University, and Yoo Hong-joon (currently head of the Cultural Heritage Administration), have argued that Seokguram was built according to proportionality. However, the author argues that as a result of a close review of the actual measurements of Seokguram Hermitage, no mathematical proportionality was found in Seokguram Hermitage, and that there was no concept of irrational numbers called the Unified Silla Period. The author said, "This exaggeration arose in the interpretation of ancient history due to the complex of Korean intellectuals in the second half of the 20th century who tried to hide the fact that modern times became possible through the colonial era or wanted to be compensated." Reporter Choi Youngchang's article was published on 2004/12/21. About Seokguram Hermitage... I think I learned in class that the pillars of the front room of Seokguram and the main Buddha form a triangle. But the strange thing about the picture in the textbook is that the vertex of the triangle is not located in the center of the main Buddha, but the main Buddha spans inside the triangle.

Do you know the Battle of Ssangnyeong?

 It was a "great" battle that took place a day before King Injo decided to surrender during the Manchu War. The following is the content of Yeonryeosil technology. ○ Heo Wan, a left-handed soldier, was terrified of his old age and shed tears when he treated people, so people knew he would definitely lose. The head was crossed by the combination of Minyoung, a right soldier, and 40,000 soldiers, but the soldiers were not dispatched, so they were vaguely unaware of the enemy's situation. In Gwangju Ssangnyeong, Minyoung camped on the ridge on the right and Heo Wan camped on the lower left, and Jeong Po-soo was pulled out and all firmly escorted themselves in the middle, and the middle and lower catchers were driven outside, but each person distributed two nyangs of gunpowder. Chogwan Lee Taek called in Lee Ki-young, a first official, and said, "If the outside cannot support it, can the center protect it alone?" Heo Wan heard and said, "Because there are not many first-place catchers." On the early morning of January 3, 33 of the enemy's ancestors advanced in a row from Namsan Sangbong Peak with wooden shields, and once our allies went out and fought, a brave and robust enemy soldier was killed by bullets and entered the camp. However, the catchers fired carelessly in a row and ran out of gunpowder, so the catchers shouted for more gunpowder and asked for more Jungpos. The enemy understood this word and urged him again to come forward and come close to the wooden desk. Andong Yeongjang Seonyanghae shot about 30 arrows by himself after being stabbed alone by the enemy's blade, but all of them were hit by wooden shields, and the arrows were already done, so he stood tall in the god's ground and was hit by the enemy's arrow. As the enemy soldier stormed into the wood, the center catcher failed to shoot once and collapsed on his own. When Heo Wan was scared and couldn't ride a horse, he helped him three times and burned him on a horse, but he fell repeatedly and was trampled to death. The corpses collapsed due to the collapse of the war sol were neatly stacked with woodblocks, so the enemy soldiers recklessly took them with short weapons. In addition, as it approached Woojin, Min-young arranged the camp and waited, and fired a shot at once, and the person who was hit died immediately. Since the enemy did not dare to persecute, he was about to win, but because he also gave only two nyangs of gunpowder, Hwaseung fell into the gunpowder and the gunpowder exploded, causing two won in Gambansuyeong and the military to burn down. The enemy took advantage of this time and fired, and the entire army was finally wiped out and Min-young died. After the enemy broke Yangjin, he took off the clothes of the dead and set a fire to burn them. At first, Seonyanghae asked three times to move the camp on Namsan Mountain, but Minwan did not listen, so it is said that the left and right Yangjin was finally defeated by about 300 cavalry. Since Shimyeon, the auditor of ○, claimed that Hwa-wan was alive, the silver tablet of Jeungjiwa Priest was crazy for Min-young and did not reach Heo Wan, but Jang, the son of Heo Wan, appealed and complained of resentment. Left-handed soldier Heo Wan's troops were devastated because the troops were not properly relocated since the re-supply of ammunition, and right-handed soldier Min Young's troops, who had been slightly disciplined compared to Heo Wan's troops, will be out of control due to a ridiculous accident. Taken together, about 40,000 Korean infantry armed with Hwaseungchong and Hwando were defeated by the attack of 2,000 Cheonggun "Gyeonggi soldiers," killing at least 300 people and scattered more than 30,000(-_-;). (There are many disagreements about the number of Cheongguns.) The Joseon army definitely knew that the Qing army was weak in firearms (the experience of Jeongmyo Horan), but due to the lack of shooting control, the Joseon army, which consumed all ammunition early, was re-supplied with ammunition, and everyone became busy running away due to the attack of the Qing soldiers.(I don't think there was a big one)

North Korea was not liquidated by Japanese imperialism, but by Sovietization.

 There are several great fictional myths in our Republic of Korea. In North Korea, the only thing is that the liquidation of Japanese imperialism has been thoroughly carried out, and the other is that the Republic of Korea has not been able to liquidate Japanese imperialism, and finally, the third thing is that the national spirit has not been established in our Republic of Korea. That's what so-called intellectuals in our society, the media, and professors' society and politicians say so. No one is denying this. So, what is the basis for these stories to be used? In conclusion, this is not the case. None of these myths fit. I asked who was typically condemned by the thorough liquidation of Japanese imperialism that North Korea had done for years. I haven't seen a single person responding to that yet. If the remnants of the Japanese colonial rule were so thoroughly cleared, shouldn't even a few representative people be mentioned? Even if it is not grand, shouldn't there be laws, trial records, or at least the results of the People's Court? It is natural that such evidence or records cannot be presented as to who calls North Korea an example of the liquidation of Japan. This is because there was no Japanese liquidation at all and there was no crime of pro-Japanese condemnation. There was only communism in North Korea. Nevertheless, it is our reality that everyone speaks and accepts North Korea as if it were an example of Japanese liquidation. Also, that way, I became considered intellectual and ethnic.   To be clear, from 1946 to 1948, that is, before preparing for the Korean War, it was none other than the Lenin-Stalin Soviet communist and the struggle to stop the founding of the Republic of Korea. And those who opposed nationalization, who took away property in the process, and those who contributed to the founding of the Republic of Korea were sacrificed by the justification and logic of pro-Japanese punishment or national traitor liquidation. Pro-Japanese punishment or national traitor liquidation existed as a justification for the liquidation of opposing forces. Therefore, the Kim Il-sung group of the Stalin army mentioned Cho Man-sik, Kim Gu, and Rhee Syng-man as representative figures of national rebellion and pro-Japanese in the name of liquidation of pro-Japanese remnants. They drove Rhee Syng-man and Kim Gu to national rebels, and in particular, Kim Gu focused on criticism, calling him the incarnation of "murder, arson, and hawk" until he participated in the 1948 "Banquet of Representatives of the Social Organization of the North and South Korean Joseon." In addition, Cho Man-sik of the Democratic Party of Korea was referred to as a pro-Japanese and a symbol of national traitor. In other words, the liquidation work carried out in North Korea under the name of pro-Japanese or national rebellion was not a single liquidation, but a class struggle, and was only a repression and punishment of Stalin's Soviet troops and forces against Kim Il-sung. At the same time, it was an operation to castrate forces against communism through the Soviet Union's concept of trusteeship and to suppress resistance to looting, rape, and violent acts committed by Soviet troops. In North Korea, all those who resisted such communism were pro-Japanese. Now that I say it, most of the people who collapsed under the name of pro-Japanese at that time are not pro-Japanese, but anti-Stalin and anti-Kim Il-sung fighters. It was an anti-communist and anti-totalist movement to reveal that the way for the people to go to communism was the way for the people to collapse. Since they were not pro-Japanese, but anti-Kim Il-sung fighters, the issue of punishing North Korea's "proud" pro-Japanese offenders has not been mentioned anywhere, such as "Chosun Warriors" (1958) and "Hyundai Joseon History" (1983). It has not revealed any specific facts except that the Japanese settlement was thoroughly carried out. In fact, according to documents from the former Soviet Union, North Korea killed 3,171 political prisoners for committing anti-democratic reaction before the Korean War and 2,082 in the process of suppressing the anti-Soviet and anti-Stalin movements. However, the pro-Japanese problem is that only 131 people were sentenced to prison without specific data.   In other words, North Korea suppressed and punished all forces that were mounting in the process of achieving the communistization of Stalin, the Soviet country, and called it the liquidation of Japanese imperialism, not the communist Soviet Union. There was only a case in which factories and companies were taken away without laws or regulations, and the label "pro-Japanese" was indiscriminately labeled in the name of taking away land. That is all. Despite what and why the Republic of Korea, not even an invader, should liquidate, the Republic of Korea, which has the most severe demand for liquidation in the past, is looking for an example in North Korea's "Japanese liquidation." It is a new version of the Soviet movement and a new version of the Juche ideological left-wing movement.   What and why should the Republic of Korea, who is neither the perpetrator nor the invader, liquidate? Moreover, 60 years have passed since liberation, what and how should we liquidate it? It seems that it is still insufficient even though it has made countless liquidations in the meantime, saying that it is the liquidation of the military government, the liquidation of the five balls, and the "establishment of history." In addition, it seems that it is still insufficient even after making a fuss that it will build a new country, saying it is "New Korea Construction" and "Second Foundation."   Can Korea be a war criminal country that committed a war of aggression? I don't think so. Rather, it is a country that has been invaded and has suffered millions of sacrifices and terrible damage. Then is Korea an imperialist country? That's not it either. It is a country that has suffered the humiliation and difficulties of being colonized, mobilized for war, and deprived of national sovereignty. Or did the Republic of Korea drive the people to communist totalitarianism and ruin the country and people? No. Rather, it is a country that has endured and endured the provocations and threats of communism. Regardless of who on earth lives by selling "Cheongsan," Korea does not have a history to liquidate. It is what neighboring countries should do if they have to liquidate. First of all, the Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il systems, which maintain anti-ethnic and anti-human regimes, will be the subject of liquidation. In addition, Russia and China would deserve to liquidate, even though they failed to drive the people to the counter-historical path of communism. And Japan, the person who invaded neighboring countries and made them an imperial colony, deserves to liquidate them. The perpetrator's country, the war criminal state, and the anti-ethnic regime are moving alive and blue, so why should the victim, South Korea, make a fuss about liquidation?   Are you trying to make the Republic of Korea a country created by opportunistic forces and defeat justice by starting with the president again to make that fuss? Is that why the greatest historical scammers are in a hurry, such as appointing a person who has cursed Korea and shouted, "Korea is a country created by national rebels," as the director of the Korea Independence Hall? And is it even to go to the most failed evil system in world history like the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, where "ethnic regularity" moves alive by doing "Japanese liquidation" so thoroughly? Who is insulting the Republic of Korea? What on earth should we liquidate? Like the expression "Miracle of the Han River" or "Rising Dragon", are we denying the success of the globally recognized Republic of Korea, admitting that the previous one was wrong, and going on the path of failure from now on? Or is it a history to reflect on and liquidate failure to go to communism like neighboring countries, to start an invasion war, and to create colonies? Obviously, the Republic of Korea is not a country that has created a history to liquidate, even though it has created and built a proud history that shines in world history. The target and dagger of historical liquidation misplaced the bungee index. It is only something that should be aimed at not us, but the Kim Il-sung system or other neighboring countries. Rather, those countries should properly clean up their history and emulate the Republic of Korea.     Still, despite the threat of communism and quasi-warring situations such as the April 3rd riots and the women's-first rebellion, the Republic of Korea created and held a trial for pro-Japanese liquidation, arrested 559 and indicted 221 to terminate the trial of 38. If we had settled pro-Japanese, we would have done it properly. In the Nuremberg trial, a war criminal trial against Germany, a war criminal state that caused World War II, only 22 key officials were indicted. Only 23 people were indicted in the Tokyo War Criminal Trials against Japan, which is another war criminal state and created numerous invasion wars and colonial empires. Are we supposed to have killed thousands and tens of thousands of people, the affected countries, when only 20 key players are put on trial? Until when do you want me to clean up? Modern history should no longer allow those who play without knowing what the logic and rhythm of the pseudo-religious group with Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and the pseudo-religious group are subject to liquidation but audit. Obviously, if there should be history liquidation, it should be done by the Kim Jong-il group and all other countries around it. Korea is a successful country that protected the country against the Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il groups, protected liberal democracy and market economy against the former Soviet Union and former Chinese communism, and showed the world's best growth after World War II. It is not liquidation, but rather a medal to those who lived in the era, a thank-you resolution to commemorate their sacrifices, and record the history of repaying the sacrifices and advance the history.