Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 3. The suffering of the Goryeo Revolution Army.(1)

 Each armed anti-Japanese struggle group in Manchuria, North and South Korea, gathered in Milsan after the Cheongsan-ri Battle. Several large-scale military groups, including the Bukro Gunjeongseo, Seoro Gunjeongseo, Korean Independence Army, Kando National Council, Uigunbu, Sinmindan, and Daehanjeonggunjeongsa, and Gunmudo Dokbu, were established in the past. Each independent army commander held a meeting to integrate and organize various independent forces gathered in Milsan and named it the Korean Independent Corps. The leaders of the Korean Independence Corps were appointed as president Seo Il, vice-president Hong Bum-do, Kim Jwa-jin, Cho Sung-hwan, general commander Kim Gyu-sik, staff chief Lee Jang-nyeong, and brigade commander Ji Cheong-cheon. The Korean Independent Corps of 3,000 people was organized into three battalions, with three battalions in one battalion and three battalions in one battalion, and the entire army was organized into 27 battalions. At that time, after the success of the Bolshevik Revolution, the Soviet Union advertised that it would not spare any support for the liberation of the oppressed minorities, and in addition, Lee Dong-hwi and Moon Chang-beom were building a base for the independence movement. Ji Cheong-cheon proposed to move military to old age, judging that there is a prospect of sufficiently arming the Korean Independent Corps under favorable conditions without Japanese pressure and training military talents who will be the origin of the anti-Japanese struggle in the long run. Seo-il and Kim Jwa-jin and other executives of the Korean Independence Corps decided on the next gathering site only by old age after sufficient consultation and hurried the march. In preparation for the long-term march of the Korean Independence Corps, it was the troops of the Western military sentiment led by Ji Cheong-cheon that took the lead in pioneering the lead. When the Korean Independence Corps entered old age, it planned to march in each unit to disrupt the Japanese defense of the border between China and the Soviet Union, and General Ji Cheong-cheon left for Milsan first with 800 soldiers. On the way to Iman Bay, there is Horim Station, the terminal station of the Horim Line, which was located about 5 ri across the Usu-ri River from Horim Station. Jicheongcheon first sent scouts near Horim Station to check the location of the enemy, and it was reported that 500 Japanese military guards were camped in the Yangmokgang River across Mokneungha River flowing from the south to the northeast of Horimhyeon. "The obstacles are bigger than I thought. But there is a good chance. Only when they are crushed can all of our Korean Independence Corps safely go to this bay. All members should keep in mind the importance of our role and follow my instructions well." Ji Cheong-cheon divided his troops into two battalions and decided to attack the Jinmun Gate south of the Yangmokgang River, and the other was ambushed in the Usu-ri River basin, and when the Japanese backed down, he planned to hit the back. Soon after, as the night fell, the first battalion directly led by Ji Cheong-cheon approached the Japanese military camp of Yangmokgang River silently. When the signal was fired over the black night sky, independent military soldiers fired rifles and briquettes at once to attack Japanese soldiers who were guarding the main gate. The Japanese soldiers were greatly embarrassed by sudden gunshots and pouring bullets, and then fell down spraying blood. Without slowing down the offensive, the independent army approached the Japanese military camp and fired fierce shots by throwing grenades. The Japanese military garrison was completely scattered and tried to escape to the north's main gate without time to deal with the troops. However, on the Japanese army's retreat, the second battalion led by Oh Kwang-seon and Kim Chang-hwan was waiting for them like a grim reaper.  The number of Japanese military garrison, which was attacked back and forth, threw away weapons and wandered in search of a way to live, but was found dead by the bullets of the independent army and overturned. The Japanese army abandoned the camp and hurriedly retreated, leaving numerous bodies behind. In this battle, the Korean Independent Corps' vanguard unit killed about 200 Japanese soldiers and captured about 100 guns and 20 soldiers. The Korean Independence Corps, which arrived at Iman-si across the border in the freezing cold weather, tried to secure a large number of guns upon arrival. At that time, Czech troops or Slavic troops dispatched to World War I returned to their home countries and sold long guns at low prices. Russia's old agricultural government held talks with the leaders of the Korean Independence Corps to support the armed forces of the independence corps for Joseon's independence, and the Korean Independence Corps agreed to jointly cope with the invasion of Japanese troops in old age. It is a kind of anti-Japanese united front. According to an agreement between the Soviet Union's Wondong government and Japan in July 1920, the Japanese army was promised to withdraw from Noryeong. In early 1921, the border between the Usu-ri area from the north of Spask City was a neutral area, and the Japanese military and the Soviet Wondong government were confronted. However, Iman was located not far from the Japanese military camp. The Wondong government tried to move the Independent Corps to a free city because it was disadvantageous to create a strong armed group within the border area in demanding the Japanese military withdrawal as soon as possible. In other words, if Japan finds out about the armed forces of the Korean Independence Corps, Japan will violate the agreement with the Soviet Union and invade the Iman area again. So, once the armament is lifted, the free city will be armed with new weapons. In the face of this situation, the leaders of the Independent Corps held a countermeasure meeting. Hong Beom-do, Ji Cheong-cheon, and Kim Hyuk expressed their opinion that it is advantageous to move to Free City, armed with new weapons, and promote the unity of anti-Japanese struggle groups in Manchuria and Noryeong. However, commanders of Bukro-gun such as Kim Jwa-jin, Lee Bum-seok, and Later So expressed their view that it would be better to go back to Manchuria. Eventually, they could not narrow the gap between each other, and Kim Jwa-jin and others crossed the Usu-ri River and headed to Manchuria around March 1921. Thus, the soldiers of the Independent Corps, who were training by company in Wagutong, 80 ri away from Iman, left their weapons to the Wondong government for now, departed Iman in early March 1921 by train, and arrived in the middle of free time. The independent army in Manchuria, which arrived near Free City, welcomed by Lee Dong-hwi, Moon Chang-beom, and Yoo Dong-yeol, who fled to Goryeong at the time, integrated with the old partisan unit to form the General Command of the Korean Volunteer Army. This armed group, which consists of the Sakhalin Army, Iman Volunteer Army, Blue Dragon Army, Seoro Military Sentiment, Uigun, Dodokbu, Liberation Corps, and Hyeolseongdan, elected Hong Beom-do, Choreography, Jicheongcheon, Seoil, and Choi Jin-dong as members of the armed forces. At the same time as an executive of the Korean Volunteer Army General Command, Ji Cheong-cheon was in charge of all military education and training for 3,000 volunteer army soldiers as a regiment commander and general instructor of these independent military units. The General Command of the Korean Volunteer Army was discussing the issue of organizing the volunteer army as a regular unit. However, a problem occurred here. Conflict relations were created over the initiative among the elderly armed groups. As early as January 1921, Park Il-ya negotiated with the military department of the Wondong government and tried to put armed groups gathering in free time under his command. And as the old-age partisan unit and the independent army unit in Manchuria arrived at free time, they tried to absorb all of these troops into their sphere of influence. In addition, through the Great Unity, the General Command of the Korean Volunteer Army arbitrarily called it the Sakhalin Special Volunteer Army. In the process, Park Il-ya urged Manchuria's independent forces to come under her control and threatened to borrow the power of his direct command unit, the Sakhalin army, when it did not go his way. Judging that it was no longer possible for armed groups to unite, Hong Beom-do and Choi Jin-dong escaped to Free City, and Ji Cheong-cheon escaped Masanov, an independent corps training base, along with 14 people, including Kim Chang-hwan, Oh Kwang-sun, and Son Moo-young. It was to enter Manchuria again. Meanwhile, Oh Ha-mook and others of the Noryeong Free Battalion, who opposed the Sakhalin army's tyranny, went to Ilksk Cheetah to form the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Justice Council to negotiate with the Wondong government again. Then, he returned to Free City and began reorganizing military organizations. The Military Government Council decided to invite Jicheongcheon Stream and dispatched personnel to the Black River, promising that there would be no more military power disputes and that armed activities in old age would be guaranteed. Ji Cheong-cheon returned to his free time and decided to positively accept the proposal of the Military Government Council in consultation with Hong Beom-do. However, the conflict between the military government council set in the Ilksk Communist Party and the Sakhalin army set in the Shanghai faction has not been resolved. In order to resolve the mutual conflict and reorganize each anti-Japanese armed group, this onion had a continuous meeting at the establishment desk, and it was decided to organize the Goryeo Revolution Army consisting of three regiments and guards. However, the Sakhalin army, which was dissatisfied with the meeting, disagreed with this and tried to take independent action against the formation of the unit. For this reason, the leaders of Manchuria's independent forces, such as Hong Beom-do, Ji Cheong-cheon, and Choi Jin-dong, who gathered in free time for a common purpose of anti-Japanese struggle, were unable to suppress grief when they saw the relationship between the Free Battalion and the Sakhalin army deteriorate. However, there was no other way but to maintain neutrality against the confrontation between the two units originally active in old age. However, on June 27, the Provisional Revolutionary Military Justice Council, set by the General of Military Affairs of the Wondong government and the Oriental Secretariat of Comintern, ordered the free battalion to disarm the Sakhalin army at the order of Galanda Rashvili, Galanda Rashvili. The Sakhalin army mobilized some of the Korean Independence Corps' troops to resist the cooperative attacks of the 29th Regiment of the Free City Garrison, the 2nd Corps cavalry, and the Rakichin Sniper Regiment, causing many victims.

According to the data titled "The History of the Japanese Revolution Army," 36 deaths, 864 prisoners, and 59 missing were recorded on the Sakhalin military side for the damage of the Korean independent army killed in the disaster of the Free City. Another data, "Korean Independence Group's Sanctuary on Free City Incident," shows more exaggerated damage, with 272 dead, 31 drowning, 250 missing, and 917 prisoners. It is not known which record is the most accurate at this time, but it is certain that there were many victims of the disaster during free time.

Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 2. Shinheung Military Academy.(3)

 In the early 1920s, armed anti-Japanese struggle groups in Manchuria moved to integrate the command of each group and reorganize their troops to engage in a more effective anti-Japanese war. An example of a military cooperation agreement between the Western military government and the Northern military government is an example. After military movement to Ando-hyeon, the Seoro military sentiment conveyed the necessity of cooperative operations to the Bukro military sentiment, and the Bukro military sentiment also wanted to unify each other's military sentiment and operations. However, in August, when the Japanese military's subjugation of the Manchurian Independence Army began in earnest, armed groups in each region decided to make military movements to preserve their forces and put them into practice. In May 1920, the troops of the Dodokbu in Choi Jin-dong and the National Council of Choreography joined forces to form the Korean Bukro Dodokgunbu and to defeat a battalion of Japanese troops in the Battle of Bongodong. And in September, he left Myeongwol-gu, which was the base of his activities, with Ando-hyeon as the target point for the march. Meanwhile, Bukro-gun Jeongseo hurriedly finished the graduation ceremony of the Military Academy and tried to join the military sentiment by moving to Ando-hyeon. In addition, the Military Government, the National Assembly, the Righteous Army Department, and the New Civil Corps also initiated military movements to participate in the integration of independence movement military organizations. In early October, executives of each independent military unit met at Samdo Island in Hwaryong-hyeon to discuss countermeasures against the advance of the Japanese military. Thus, according to the claim of Hyeon Cheon-mook, vice president of Bukro-gun sentiment, it was decided to avoid head-on confrontation with the Japanese army, which is far superior to the independent army in terms of troops and firepower. On October 13, five units, including the Korean Independence Army, the National Assembly, the Shinmindan, the Uimindan, and the Hanminhoe, held a joint conference to organize a joint division and General Hong Beom-do was appointed as the general commander. However, while the Bukro Military Government and this Independence Army Allied Division moved, they encountered 12,000 troops in the eastern part of the 19th Division of the Japanese military in Cheongsan-ri, and 10 battles took place from October 21 to 26, which will shine on the history of anti-Japanese independence. Bukro Gunjeongseo, led by Seo Il and Kim Jwa-jin, first launched a second discharge army led by Lee Bum-seok in the Baegunpyeong Valley on the 21st or launched a surprise attack on Yamada infantry under the 19th Division of the Japanese military. At the same time, the Allied Division of the Independence Army, led by Hong Beom-do, camped in Wanru-gu and engaged in a neck-and-neck war with the Japanese military's Dongji, destroying about 400 enemy soldiers. Bukro Military Government, which fought its first battle in Baegunpyeong and marched 64km without a break, attacked a cavalry company in Cheonsupyeong on the 22nd, killing 116 enemy soldiers and occupying the highlands of the Japanese army's 73rd Regiment. At this time, the main unit of the Japanese Dongji joined, surrounding the Bukro military sentiment, and allies were on the defensive, but when Hong Beom-do's joint division joined and helped the Bukro military sentiment to stop the attack, the Japanese army retreated with 1,000 casualties. Hong Beom-do's joint division, which won the battle of Eorangchon by supporting the Northern Road military sentiment, was dispersed into several units to break through the Japanese army's siege. Hong Beom-do's troops defeated the Japanese defense company at Cheonbosan Mountain at dawn on the 25th and arrived at Ando-hyeon, where the Western military government led by Ji Cheong-cheon and the Heungupdan unit of Kim Hyuk were waiting. "You didn't get sick." I'm so glad." "Eorangchon has repelled the Japanese military's main forces and dispersed them into various units. The topography here is unfamiliar to the Japanese military, so it will be impossible to track us anymore." Hong Beom-do and Ji Cheong-cheon briefly discussed the next path of the independent army. In this way, Jeongil-gun and Seo Seo-gun of Hongbeom-do were integrated to name the unit as Korean Volunteer Army, and Hong Beom-do decided to lead the troops as General Commander, Ji Cheong-cheon as Deputy Commander, and Kim Hyuk as the head of the military. However, at this time, Hamhui platoon, a member of the Bukro-gun Office, was separated from the main base after the Battle of Eorangchon and came to the Korean Volunteer Army unit in Ando-hyeon according to the original military movement plan. "Our Bukro military emotional unit has yet to break through the Japanese siege. We have to go and rescue him now." General Hong Beom, who was listening to Ham Hwi's detailed report, also hardened his face. Kim Jwa-jin's Bukro military sentiment killed 10 enemy soldiers and 50 Japanese infantry in Bongmil-gu on the 23rd while moving to Ando Prefecture after the Eorangchon Battle on the 22nd. On the 24th, Xu Gu also encountered 100 Japanese infantry to fight, and on the 24th, a company of enemy troops and white soldiers fought in Cheonbosan Mountain. General Hong Beom-do immediately stood up and ordered various commanders. "There is no time to procrastinate here because Bukro military sentiment is still trapped in the enemy's siege. We will immediately move all troops to support Bukro military sentiment, so hurry up!" Korean volunteer forces loaded guns with ammunition and rushed to Cheongsan-ri like the wind. Thus, on October 26th, during the march, the independent army launched a wave offensive with about 150 Japanese infantry in the Godongha area, the last battle of the Cheongsan-ri Battle. In the Battle of Godongha, which was held in the Battle of Shangae, the independent army took full advantage of the advantageous terrain of thick forests, steep slopes, and small rivers to preemptively attack the Japanese army in order to neutralize the firepower of the Japanese armed with heavy weapons. In fact, these tactics could be said to be a kind of guerrilla war that deals with strong armed forces with weak armed forces and hurts the Japanese while minimizing the sacrifice of independent forces. In the process, Hong Beom-do's troops continued to fight the Japanese army as they retreated in the direction of Hwangguryeongchon, and the military sentiment retreated in the direction of Daemangga-dong, west of Usimsan Mountain, attracting and hitting the enemy. Until now, Cheongsan-ri Battle has been wrongly known in Korea as a battle of the Bukro Military Government alone, where General Kim Jwa-jin is the commander-in-chief, but in fact, General Hong Beom-do, the Dodokbu, the Shinmindan, and the Uidan. If so, let's analyze the Cheongsan-ri Battle in detail, including military common sense.  If you look at the map, you can see the valleys such as Cheongsan-ri and Bongo-dong well.  Even if it is insufficient, it is worth recalling how the independent army made good use of the geographical conditions at the time. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data to confirm the exact location and surrounding topography of the specific geographical names appearing in the Cheongsan-ri Battle, which seems to be a problem that requires several field trips and considerable research. In addition, it is regrettable that small rivers and roads at the time did not appear. For example, there is a river called Wolsin River in Samdunja, Hwaryonghyeon, but the river does not appear. It is presumed to be a tributary of the Tuman River. It is also regrettable that the Haeran River flowing through Yongjeong-si does not appear. However, it seems to be helpful in vividly grasping the terrain situation. The following maps are paintings from the 1985 Defense Ministry compilation of the Independent Army Uprising.  Japan had already established four consulate branches (★) in 1920, and thousands of police troops had been deployed to protect consulates and Japanese residents. They had rights and interests in the Gando region.  Kim Jwa-jin's North Road Military Government, which completed military training and unit maintenance in the West Daepa area in 1920, is understood in advance for the Chinese military's punitive actions and conducts base movement.  In addition, regarding the invasion of the Japanese army, it finally moves to the Ido-gu area heading toward Cheongsan-ri.  This is a picture showing the Japanese military's operational behavior according to the Manchurian Bulryeong Line, Choto Plan. The "block action unit" is surrounding the outskirts. The "Total Action Unit" divides the 19th Division, which has its headquarters in Nanam, into three zones to carry out operations to search and wipe out guerrillas, armed independent forces in the forest area, especially in most important battles with the comrades. The independent army seems to have acted very wisely tactically. In other words, he quickly left the region with rapid mobility against the Japanese siege, and thoroughly beat certain units without confronting the entire Japanese army. Looking closely, only one-third of the Japanese military's actual punitive action unit combat power was engaged. It looks similar to the later Finnish Sotti tactics.  In particular, the Japanese military inevitably disperses troops for search, so there is no effect of concentration, and the speed of search and movement of Japanese troops is too slow compared to independent forces. In addition, no matter how closely the Japanese military data are, it can be seen that there are only information activities that have penetrated smuggling, and that the advancement is not effectively utilized when conducting search actions. To be honest, Japan's military power traditionally seems to be a country that is not very good at army tactics.

It is a map of the situation in which the Japanese are lured to the Cheongsan-ri Valley and engaged in battles in Baegunpyeong and Bongmil-gu, and the Japanese are only thoroughly moving along the road, but it can be seen that the independent forces are moving using ridges. At that time, the Japanese army was hiring leather boots as military shoes, and it can be said that it is a bit foolish to have a mountain battle wearing leather boots. It would be good to remember that the independent army secured better mobility in the mountain battle by actively utilizing the mituri (straw god).  After the Battle of Baegunpyeong, the independent forces left the battle area faster than the Japanese army's siege network and moved to the Eorangchon area. Considering that it covers about 60km of mountain at night, I think I can feel how powerful physical strength and topography mastery can be in guerrilla warfare. In the case of Bukro Gunjeongseo, which preoccupied Hill 874 near Eorangchon, it seems that it was also an appropriate judgment. It was a short difference with the Japanese military that the Bukro military sentiment quickly decided to preoccupy Hill 874, and it seems to be an excellent action to use about two hours before the Japanese military's main unit arrived here. In the Northern Road Military Government, people with little practical experience were trained through six months of rapid training, and it is surprising that they had this level of perfect behavior regardless of whether they won or lost the battle. Personally, I think the battle of Eorangchon here is the moment when General Kim Jwa-jin's command ability shines the most. 1. Hit a Japanese posterior cavalry company in Cheonsupyeong. 2. The Japanese military's main forces are expected to flood into Cheonsupyeong, and the nearby highland 874 will be preempted in the shortest time. 3. Don't waste 2 hours of time and make the most of it to build a defensive position. The Bukro Military Government continued to move while fighting from the previous day, and it was shortly after the 30-kilometer march. The series of Eorangchon battles were large-scale battles that took place all day long, and considering that all these processes were successfully carried out, I think you can feel that it was a really elite force even if you are not a fool.  After the battle of Eorangchon, the independent forces immediately leave the region, and this time, considering using the road along the Godongha River, it can be seen that their physical strength has been exhausted considerably. The six-day battle and rapid march required extreme patience and physical strength that humans could exert, and it seems that they have demonstrated their capabilities to the limit. It is the guerrilla unit that has no external supply and support, recruitment troops, and reserve forces. Rather than carrying out further battles, it can be seen that hitting the enemy as much as possible and leaving the battle area quickly was the best way in the situation at the time. According to the independent newspaper, it describes the physical condition of the members at the time, saying, "I was so hungry that I only thought of getting food even during the battle."

Something to brag about in Chinese history.

 1. It is an ancient civilization, and Gojoseon is said to have a long history, but honestly, it did not go far beyond the form of a village state. Egypt, India, and China (the Mesopotamia region is great in that it is the birthplace of human civilization, but I think it is a little behind the evolution into a "state"). 2. Not only in terms of Chinese cultural Confucius, Laozi, and Xunzi...In any case, it has achieved high cultural achievements in various ways (at a level that is not inferior to ancient Greece) and its culture is still affecting not only China but also East Asia. 3. Han, Tang, Ming, and Qing (It is correct to say that the Manchurians have now become Chinese) All four of the above countries were the world's strongest at their peak. Rome, which we consider so great, is hard to determine superiority and inferiority compared to the Han Dynasty, and Tang Dynasty was the best country among the countries dominated by the former monarch to borrow Nehru's words. In fact, China accounted for 50% of the world's economy during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and military power and population often had a large influence on world history, which is equivalent to or overwhelming the sum of Europe. The fact that the Turks and Huns, who terrified Europe and Islam, were each beaten and fled by China... 5. Technology level China's practical science and technology have almost always been the best in the world. It is no exaggeration to say that before modern times began in earnest in Europe, only the Greek/Roman and Islamic world in its heyday had the same level of technology as China. However, although they were much clumsy in maximizing the efficiency of the technology compared to Europe, some people may think that they are the leader of the East, but honestly, it is undeniable that China has been the leader of the East since Qin Shi Huang...It is no exaggeration to say that the immigrants who overpowered China dominated the East unless it was China. Except for a few cases, including the Mongolians, most of the immigrants who invaded China became Chinese... It is not about distinguishing the superiority and inferiority of civilization. Because everyone has different perspectives) but to discuss only with influence and apparent power, Chinese civilization certainly occupies an unrivaled position in world history. Just as Greek/Roman civilization is half that of the West and it is difficult to imagine the Middle East world without Islamic civilization. Was there any country located in the East that was free from China's influence? Except for the Indian civilization, which was close to China,

Distorted, inflated, or faded battles.

 1. The Battle of Drepana is a very faded battle.Rome won Carthage several times and blocked Carthage's port, but Carthage's transport ship leisurely broke through the blockade.In broad daylight, Rome, hurt by its pride, siege Drepana Port.However, Rome was defeated as the left and right sides of the sloppy siege were torn.They fought with 120 ships each, but as many as 93 ships were destroyed in Rome. Conclusion: However, the trend has not changed even after winning this big.Because there was no naval battle for the next seven years.The damage to Carthage I suffered before was so severe that I can't believe it's fading even after a great victory. 2. Battle of Manzikert is a very ridiculous battle.The beginning was the occupation of the land of Turk in the Byzantine region and the Turk side also launched an attack.The Byzantine emperor returned the occupied land and asked for Manzikert taken by Turk.(The important thing is that the land that the Byzantine took is a Byzantine village that was taken away by the Turks;;) But the Turks reject it.Eventually, Romanus IV attacks, and Romanus divides the soldiers.What's ridiculous is Romanus' illusion.Romanus misunderstood that Turk's troops were deployed only to the east and that the troops were similar in size to the Byzantine.Contrary to expectations, Turk was in the south and the number was 70,000.In the end, Manzikert was removed, but the other divided troops were scattered, and eventually, they faced the Turks head-on, but eventually lost and captured themselves. Conclusion: However, Turk could not take Manzikert away even after winning.It can be said that the only thing that changed after the war was the emperor. (Romanus loses the throne to Huijadukas.))It's not really a battle to change the fate of the Byzantine.Actually, the loss of troops themselves was small loss.With the wind running away... 3. The battle between England and the invincible fleet This battle is a really bad puff.For now, Britain succeeds in scattering the display with ships lit by the invincible fleet.The problem was that the Calverine gun had a lower hit rate than expected and its destructive power was worse than the Cannon gun. But there was a real ambush, so it was a storm.Of course, even the storm did not cause much damage.However, he just gave up landing and made Spain reorganize it.But there was something that the Spaniards couldn't properly measure in unfamiliar seas, so dissuasion of Mexico.As errors continue to accumulate, we arrived in Ireland.The exhausted Spanish took the course again, but it was back in its place. Conclusion: It was a ridiculous battle (?I can't believe the strength of the Gulf of Mexico and the storm is so big. 4. The Battle of Gauga Mela is a very exaggerated battle.First of all, the Persian troops of 25-320,000 are just a combination of combat forces + supply troops, and other miscellaneous forces, and in fact, it is said to be about 130,000 (about 10,000 cavalry).In addition, studies have already taken all major resource lines away and show that it is a force that has been hurriedly attracted.The enemy is truly elite soldiers.You can look at the Gaugamela battle drawing that Jeon Investor posted not too.In fact, Darius' impatience and escape were the cause of the Persian defeat in a state that was almost equal (or Alexander's glass). Conclusion: Valencia did not have an overwhelming advantage.Of course, balls such as Alexander, who induced impatience and attacked his opponent, or Parmenion, who has endured for a long time, need not be demeaning at all.Without them, Macedonia, which was relatively disadvantageous in the war of consumption, was likely to have lost.Personally, Philippos, who allowed Macedonia to create this powerful capability, seems to be greater.With the chopsticks made by Phillipos, Alexander is like eating beans.

The western boundary of convective Baekje.

 Europeans have a great illusion. They nonsense say that the ruins in Italy belong to Rome, and the remains of Italy are the remains of the Buyeo people built by the remaining Buyeo forces, who were destroyed by Goguryeo invasion, leading the group to the Italian Peninsula. The name of Italy comes from Attila. Jjangkae distort the Huns as the Huns as the Huns, but in fact, they are the Buyeo lineage. Buyeo refugees, destroyed by Goguryeo, moved westward along Haearoma, King Buyeo, and found land similar to the Korean Peninsula and settled there. And he named the kingdom Rome after (Hae) Aroma and passed on civilization to the surrounding European barbarians who dug up the soil. Then Attila, a descendant of Aroma, was pushed back from the throne order and built a smoked empire on the Roman Empire with the power of continental Baekje. From this point on, the Continental Baekje extended its power to Europe. Some people say Baekje is Rome in the East, but Baekje itself is Rome... And the smoked empire, which was under the influence of continental Baekje, hit the Roman Empire, and the name changed to Italy after Attila's name. There was actually no Roman civilization in Europe that Europeans thought was their roots. The real Roman civilization is the Maya civilization in Central America. In order to distort history, Europeans join forces with the Jjangkas to deny Rome's truth and deny the Maya ruins of Central America, and our delivery competition should unite with a strong national spirit to show off the truth of history and the excellence of our people to all over the world. And the haters who claim the universe trio theory went too far, even though they don't deny it, sometimes I doubt it's a counterattack... The theory of the three kingdoms in space is rather a ridiculous thing for Korean historians, so please refrain from it.

Japanese invasion of Silla and Balhae prevented it.

 Japan, which has constantly threatened the Korean Peninsula. Among Japan's numerous invasion of the Korean Peninsula, there was another invasion plan that had not been known. In 762, 90 years after the unification of the three kingdoms of Silla. Japan is about to start a war on the Korean Peninsula. Why did Japan try to attack Silla? Japan's plans to invade Silla, including the manufacture of more than 500 warships and Itoseong Fortress, which was built for the final showdown as a military base, have been carried out over the years. Balhae held the decisive role of the Silla invasion plan. Even as Balhae, it was in isolation due to the friendly relationship between Silla and the party, and it was difficult to reject Japan's request for cooperation in order to withstand the Silla and the party's checks. However, Balhae refused to invade Silla by Japan! Why did Balhae refuse to cooperate with Japan? How could peace in East Asia last? This week's History Special. "Discovery of History"! In "Japanese invasion of Silla, Balhae prevented it," we trace the hidden history and the secrets of Japanese invasion of Silla. ◆ Details: 1. Itoseong Fortress, a military base built in Fukuoka targeting Silla beyond Japan's Silla Invasion Operation Plan over many years, an order from 759 to build 500 ships within three years, and Japan, which allowed boys to learn Silla. There was only a foreign war in which hundreds of ships were built at once. At the time when there was no external invasion, Japan planned to attack Silla first, and preparations were underway to invade Silla. 2. The history of Japan's defeat as an ally of Baekje in 663 to the Japanese at the time, who believed the legend of Empress Shingong's conquest of Samhan in AD200 was disgraceful. And in the continued diplomatic tension with Silla, Japan decided to invade Silla. 3. The protagonist of the Silla invasion, an ambitious figure hidden behind the invasion plan, was Nakamaro Fujiwara, the absolute power at the time when even the emperor controlled it. Nakamaro Fujiwara devoted his efforts to the invasion of Silla to transfer criticism and resistance toward him. Nakamaro asks Balhae of the Eastern Kingdom to cooperate to beat Silla, which had a strong power. At that time, Japan and Balhae were in military alliance and were scheduled to advance to Silla as soon as Balhae's participation was decided. 4. Silla was already preparing for the Japanese invasion. After noticing Japan's invasion plan, Silla began to build a large-scale Mobalsanseong Fortress to protect Gyeongju. In addition, elite units using Silla's representative weapon, Noh, were deployed. When Japan was planning to conquer Silla, Silla was even undergoing military reform to mobilize all its military power. 5. The Silla invasion plan was canceled. Balhae eventually rejects the Shilla Cooperation Plan. Just in the 750s, exchanges between Silla and Balhae began. It was the gateway to Tanhang Port at the mutual contact center on the border that symbolized the time when the two countries changed from tension and confrontation to friendship. Balhae and Silla of the Eastern Kingdom began to recognize each other as Korean people. Eventually, Balhae turned down Japan's request.

Birth of Ancient Japan - Daika Gaesin

 Originally, ancient Japan was an unexplored country with a standard of living reminiscent of the primitive era. People from Baekje came to Japan and handed over culture, and Japanese civilization began to increase explosively. Japan's Yamato regime, which received developed political systems and military culture from the continent, soon began attacking other countries in Japan, overpowered other peoples, and on the other hand, further strengthened the control of local farmers.   In the 6th century, as the central power was strengthened, such as suppression of Iwai's rebellion in northern Kyushu and the establishment of direct control of Ookimi (the title of the emperor) everywhere, the powerful nobles naturally possess their own land and farmers and gradually show a power struggle. According to the Japanese secretary, the Otomo family, which had been in power until the early 500s, handed over Imna 4 Prefecture (now part of Jeollanam-do) to Baekje, and was dismissed due to suspicion of bribery. (I don't know how much influence the mainland land was given to the Baekje central government because the Otomo family is a Baekje family member, or as Yaponski said, the arrivals who delivered various cultures to Japan naturally brought mental culture and ideas, and Buddhism, a foreign religion, gradually began to be rooted in Japan. In response, the arrivals believed in Buddhism and the natives believed in believers, and when the Japanese government moved to worship Buddhism for the great and artistic appearance of the Buddha statue, Mononobe (also known as "Mononobu" in ancient times) protested, and the Mononobe family would sell Japanese gods. On the surface, it was a religious dispute, but in reality, as the loss of the Otomo family led to an armed dispute, and the Mononobe family and the Soga family, the Baekje family, engaged in an armed dispute. Eventually, in 587, Sogano Umako annihilated Mononobeno Moriya and destroyed the Mononobe clan, so the Japanese government is completely in the hands of the arrivals. As a result, the power of the Baekje Soga clan surpassed the emperor, including the assassination of Emperor Shun, who rebelled against the doorman. In a showdown with Mononobe, Prince Shotoku, who became a regent and became a hero of Japanese history, took the side of the Soga, built the Sacheonwangsa Temple, destroyed the Mononobe family, cooperated with the Soga family to enact a written law and introduce a bureaucracy system. However, there are still people who take issue with the authority of the emperor who fell to the ground, and complaints about Soga, who monopolized power, are growing. Decades later, by the early 600s, forces from the Dog Susa-Gyeondangsa, who learned progressive new knowledge, were stationed throughout Japan, forming a dissatisfied force in association with the imperial family, which was dissatisfied with the tyranny of the cow's family. In response, the Crown Prince of Nakanoo colluded with the aristocrat Nakatomino Kamatari, and on June 12, 645, Yuka Sogano was present in the Taegeukjeon ceremony to support diplomatic documents on the Korean Peninsula, and Emperor Kokaku was re-established as Emperor Kotoku. The contents shall be solely governed by the individual land people of the same clan and owned by the state. 2. Local administrative districts are established and placed under the control of the central government. 3. The reverse method is performed by preparing a family register and a manager. 4. Implement a new unified tax system. This series of events is called Daika Gaesin and is highly regarded historically in Japan. The reason why this Daika transformation is so important is that Japan's status, which was like Baekje's satellite country, has become a complete independent country and is considered the first attempt to establish Japan's own identity to exclude continental influences throughout culture. It is also an important event in Japanese history in many ways because it means the completion of the centralized system supporting the Emperor of Japan. However, reform was not as easy as it sounds, and it was from the international crisis of Baekje's collapse that the reform was sluggish due to conflicts with the Hojok forces and effectively succeeded in excluding the influence of other countries. When 27,000 Japanese troops were defeated in the Baekchon River, Baekje, known as a powerhouse, easily collapsed and the refugees escaped, Japan was engulfed in a sense of crisis, and reform was easily carried out. National independence was made, and the title of Great King Ookimi was used as the title of Emperor Tenno, and the national title was officially established as Japan from Japan. The completion of the conversational transformation was completed with the codification of the law created by Fujiwara no Huhito in 701, indicating that it took a considerable amount of time in practice. However, this transformation of dialogue is meaningful in that it allowed Japan to be reborn as a centralized kingdom and to build an independent state, which is an extremely important event in Japanese history. Watching bio.