2022년 3월 10일 목요일

Three kinds of lights...One Swear - Second

 3. The strategic value of Seoanpyeong, known today as the Dandong area, refers to the estuary of the Yalu River, that is, the area where the Yellow Sea and Yalu River meet. Starting in 146 AD, during the reign of King Taejo, Goguryeo continued to project military power to occupy West Anpyeong. For Goguryeo, Seoanpyeong was like an exit to go outside, a path to prevent exchanges of the other party, and a dagger pushed into the neck. Ancient rivers played the same role as today's highways. In an era when there was no power engine, the river was the only way to reach its destination without any physical exhaustion. Moreover, the sea was a relatively dangerous and burdensome road compared to the river as it was a time when maritime operations were poor and navigation equipment such as compasses were not used. The place where Seoanpyeong was located was the estuary of the Yalu River, also called Majasu, where the river and the sea meet. In the upper reaches of the Yalu River, there were Naeseong Fortress and Hwandoseong Fortress, the capital cities of Goguryeo at the time. In the early small country size, defense against foreign enemies and economic utility value were important factors in determining the capital, but after the size of the late country began to grow relatively, it had to be established as a geographical and cultural center that allowed efficient control of the whole country. In order to go to China - the main and only object of foreign negotiations at that time - in the Hwando Province area, which is believed to have been near the domestic castle located in the upper reaches of the Yalu River, there is a way to go through the Liaodong region or cross the current Yellow Sea. However, the Gongson clan, which settled in Liaodong in the late 2nd century, and the Wei Dynasty, which appeared after 238, have changed, but basically formed a hostile relationship with Goguryeo. In order to favor this confrontation, it can be said that having negotiations with another country adjacent to the neighboring country belongs to a basic foreign policy. Goguryeo also launched troops in association with the Wei Dynasty to extinguish the forces of Gongson, and as the relationship with the Yuan Dynasty worsened, it checked the Yuan Dynasty through active exchanges with the Wu Dynasty in the south. Of course, such diplomatic negotiations were impossible on land, and the only remaining way was negotiations through the sea. At that time, Goguryeo did not even take full control of the floating area, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula in the south was also in the same. Therefore, Goguryeo's continuous and consistent attempts to occupy Seoanpyeong were judged to be fully recognized by policymakers, including the Goguryeo king of the period,* This aspect of Goguryeo's survival can be understood in connection with these external policy aspects. Goguryeo fought fiercely with the military and prefectural forces located in the fluctuating area of Huhan from the time it completed its attack on the conquest and granting of small countries around it in the early days of birth. Of course, there was certainly an economic need to loot products or secure slaves, but Goguryeo consistently continued to struggle with larger forces than itself. This is because, in addition to the economic aspects described above, there was an urgent reason for Goguryeo to continue fighting. The Dongga River basin, where Goguryeo's first capital, Zolbon, was located, was surrounded by a barren natural environment, and Goguryeo people had to accept the fate of fighting to survive. The struggle of the Goguryeo people to obtain a wide and stable cultivated land was the first factor in making Goguryeo a great conquest country. In addition, the Gurye forces, believed to have existed before the founding of Jumong, have already experienced the immigration and alienation policies of the Han Gunhyeon forces after the collapse of Wiman Joseon, and have resulted in retreating the prefectural forces established in their territory about 30 BC. Later, which appeared after that, also checked the integration of the Guryeos through tributes and government posts, and the Guryeos succeeded in frustrating their attempts by controlling negotiations with Han Gun-hyeon. Goguryeo, which had experienced interference from outside forces since its birth, continued to engage in armed combat against the Liaodong area where Han Gunhyeon forces were located to exclude their interference and achieve its own power. In addition, the only Hansa-gun remaining on the Korean Peninsula during this period and the Daebang forces created in the early 3rd century were also decisive obstacles to Goguryeo's survival. In fact, in the war between Goguryeo and the Wei Dynasty in the mid-3rd century, Nakrang and Daebang attack Ye, the southern part of Goguryeo. Goguryeo, which had already entered a hostile relationship with Buyeo, which was located in the northern Gilin area, was literally surrounded by enemies on all sides, and the way to overcome this situation was to cut off their connection. Naturally, the most decisive link was fluctuations and Chinese military and prefectural forces located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. At that time, Seoanpyeong was an area that connected fluctuations and the military and prefectural forces of the Korean Peninsula by land, and at the same time was in a position to prevent negotiations through the sea. When Goguryeo occupied this place, it was possible to prevent not only connections through land but also exchanges through the sea. In other words, the stomach was pressuring Goguryeo with a wide range of siege networks leading to fluctuations - Seoanpyeong - Nakrang and Daebang, and Goguryeo had to crush this siege not only for its own development but also for survival. The last thing to look at is the West Anpyeong area in terms of defense. As discussed earlier, Seoanpyeong is an area that can be directly connected to Goguryeo's capital or the upper reaches of the Yalu River, in addition to its location to prevent negotiations between fluctuations and Chinese military and prefectural forces on the Korean Peninsula through land and sea. Politics in which the center of the country becomes a battlefield for Goguryeo even if it wins the defense battle if the forces hostile to Goguryeo go back the Yalu River and directly attack the domesticity or Hwando Castle. It is self-evident that it will suffer an economic blow. For example, after the invasion of the official sword in 246, King Dongcheon temporarily had to move to Donghwangseong Fortress, which is believed to be today's Pyongyang area or Ganggye area. In April 244 or 246, Goguryeo suffered the greatest disaster, except for the invasion that took place about a century later and the fall of Pyongyang, which took place about four centuries later. In the fall of the 20th year (246) in August, the Wei Dynasty sent Yujusa Temple's official sword to invade from the prefecture with 10,000 people. The king had 20,000 infantry and cavalry, fought and won by Biryusu, and cut 3,000 heads. He also led the military and fought again in the valley of Yangmaek, won, and cut or captured 3,000 people. The king told several generals. "The Great Army of the Wei Dynasty is worse than our enemy, and the official sword is the master of the Wei Dynasty, but today [his] life is in my hands." Then, he went on to attack with 5,000 ironware. When the sword struck a square camp and fought desperately, our army was greatly destroyed and there were 18,000 dead, and the king fled to Yaluwon with 1,000 cavalry. In October of winter, the [Gwangu] sword attacked Hwando Castle, captured it, killed people, and sent the general Wanggi to chase the king. The king fled to Namokjeo and reached Jukryeong, but almost all of the soldiers were scattered and disappeared, and only Milwoo of the eastern part was next to him and told the king. "The chase is coming close now, so we can't get out of the situation. I will cleanly prevent God from dying. The king will be able to run away." Finally, he recruited associations and went to the enemy camp with them to fight hard. The king sneaked out of the mountain valley and escorted himself, saying, "I will reward those who come to Milwoo generously." Yoo Ok-gu from the lower part came out and said, "God will go," and soon came back with Milwoo lying down on the battlefield. The king laid him on his lap, and he woke up after a long time. The king secretly turned around and reached Namokjeo, but the soldiers of the Wei Dynasty did not stop following him. The king was at a loss because the room was blocked and the spirit was broken, but Yuyu, an eastern person, stepped up and said. "The situation is very urgent, but we can't die in vain. God has a foolish scheme. He takes food and provides it to the soldiers of the Wei Dynasty, peeps into the gap, and tries to stab the general to death. If God's scheme succeeds, the king will be able to attack and win the game. The king said, "Good." Yu Yu entered the army of the Wei Dynasty and falsely surrendered and said. "Our king was guilty of the great war and ran away to the beach, but he had no land to put himself on, so he came out in front of the camp to surrender and take his life, and first sent me to bring in unchanging food and feed my subordinates." The Wei leader heard that and tried to surrender. Yu Yu hid the knife in the tableware and moved forward, pulled out the knife, stabbed the heart of the Wei Dynasty's general, and died together, and the Wei Dynasty's army finally became dizzy. The king divided the military into three ways and attacked in a hurry, and the army of the Wei Dynasty became noisy and could not form a military camp, and finally withdrew from the Nakrang. The king restored the country and discussed the merit, and Milwoo and Yuyu were the best. Milwoo was given a giant valley and a blue-necked valley, and Okgu was given a Yaluwon and Dunulhawon as Sikeup. Yu Yu was granted a government post, and his son Dow was appointed as a great messenger. During this war, General Wei of the Wei Dynasty reached the southern boundary of Suksin and carved the ball on a stone, and also reached Hwandosan Mountain and engraved the ball on Bulnaeseong Fortress. Previously, King Dongcheon's servant Deukrae saw the king invade and betray China several times, but the king did not listen. Deukrae lamented and said, "You will see mugwort on this land in the future," and eventually died without eating. The government prosecutor ordered all the soldiers not to break down the tomb and cut down the tree, and the wife-in-law was taken prisoner, but all were sent away.It is written in the parenthesis as follows. Bulnaeseong Fortress is a domestic castle, but the castle was made of stones.』 This means [that] the exchange rate and the domesticity were in contact with each other.

This is what is written in the book. When the king sent a general to attack Anpyeong while Sama's subjugation of Gong Son-yeon, the official prosecutor invaded.】』 Fortunately, the 20th year of King Dongcheon's reign (246 AD) of the Three Kingdoms Sagi Goguryeo, this war has detailed records in the Three Kingdoms Sagi, and although it is simplified, the same records remain in Chinese librarians. However, as always, the author of the Three Kingdoms Fraud based on Confucianism described the cause and progress of this war and the most important cause of victory and defeat as a typical Confucian cadastre. Therefore, the war record also concluded that Goguryeo's defeat and the fall of Hwandoseong Fortress was only due to the pride and misjudgment of King Dongcheon, and made the mistake of simplifying or distorting the most important parts of the war by writing a description about the heroes who saved Goguryeo in danger of collapse. Looking at the remaining records alone, the cause, progress, and end of the war are recorded easily and in a single line. The official sword of the Wei Dynasty broke in, and King Dongcheon, who won the first two times, fell into pride and eventually lost greatly, and saved the country in crisis thanks to brave and loyal servants who did not take care of their lives…Perhaps the cadastre who wrote this article wanted to inform that the people who read this article should not fall into the same pride as King Dongcheon, and that the servant who serves the king should be loyal enough to take death lightly. But was that really the only thing left behind by the war that took place at that time? Was the pride and misjudgment of King Dongcheon the only problem that determined the victory or defeat of the battle? The articles are also published in the Three Kingdoms Wisterial and Yangseo, but they are not as detailed as the Three Kingdoms Sagi. This means that the editor who recorded this part referred to the records of librarians other than Chinese librarians, and the records of librarians different from those of Chinese librarians are our own records.More precisely, it is the fact that this war existed when the writings recorded with Goguryeo people's eyes and minds compiled the Samguksagi. In the 11th year of King Yeongyang's reign (600 A.D.), Dr. Lee Moon-jin's simplified Yugi had the above record, and it is highly likely that Kim Bu-sik reinterpreted it by referring to the records left by Goguryeo itself. First of all, the most questionable of the war records is the total number of troops in the Wei Dynasty, led by the official prosecutor who invaded Goguryeo at the time. The number 10,000 is consistently shown in Samguksagi and Chinese librarians. Even if the troops led and attacked by Nakrang and Daebang Taesoo are excluded, there are several problems to believe this number as it is. First of all, according to the records of the Three Kingdoms fraud, 3,000 people were killed or captured in Biryusu and Yangmaekgok, respectively. Therefore, the size of the Wei Dynasty troops fighting the third battle is only 4,000 people. Of course, even with such dense dust, 5,000 mid- to long-term troops can be defeated. But humans have something called emotions. Marine or SCV in StarCraft approaches the direction of the mouse without thinking, but humans who are strictly trained by discipline often kneel down in front of fear. In addition, 6,000 people were killed or captured in two battles, but were the remaining 4,000 people able to achieve proper combat power? Due to the nature of the cold weapons used in the ancient war, there would have been a number of injuries, and since they were retreating, it would have been almost impossible to properly treat them and return to the battlefield. In most of the writings that dealt with the war records, this part was overlooked or exceeded too easily. However, if the two battles in the Samguk Sagi were true and the number of casualties in this battle was correct, the third battle could not have occurred. In addition, even if 5,000 mid- to long-term troops were defeated by the dust created by 4,000 people, it is a matter to consider whether they could fight again with the remaining 15,000 troops they were following. If the rest of Goguryeo's troops saw the collapse of the iron and retreated in confusion, or other Nabu's price, who did not approve of the battle against the Wei Dynasty, may have voluntarily left his troops on the battlefield. However, even if that was the case, could the Wei Dynasty really have enough combat power to exterminate all the remaining 15,000 troops that were retreated or gradually deployed? First of all, 10,000 people listed as the total number of troops in the official prosecutor's office are likely to refer only to the regular legions of the Wei Dynasty belonging to Yuju. China's librarian did not mention much about the fact that the troops led by Oh Hwan's Sunwoo, who was subjugated as an auxiliary force at the time, participated. In addition, if there were 20,000 troops led by King Dongcheon at the time, including 5,000 ironware, and 10,000 or 4,000 troops led by the government prosecutor, King Dongcheon told various generals. There is no reason to say, "The Great Army of the Wei Dynasty is worse than our enemy, and the official sword is the master of the Wei Dynasty, but [his] life is in my hands today." If the Goguryeo army was 20,000 and the Wei army was less, King Dongcheon could have been happy with the victory, but there was no reason to be thrilled by defeating the large army with a small army. The progress of the battle, which can be estimated from the remaining records, is that Goguryeo's ironware rushed toward the Wei Dynasty army, which had been waiting for dust. Although the mid- to long-term soldiers' breakthrough power was strong, it is not easy to crush the battle of infantry defending using windows and arrows in dense conditions. Of course, the victory or defeat of the battle in this way is who can endure longer and how much blood can be shed. First of all, what is certain is that Goguryeo's mid- to long-term soldiers failed to destroy the dust created by the unknown Wi Dynasty forces. Rather, the ironware stopped in front of the infantry's dust would have been slaughtered by the infantry. In the meantime, the Ohhwan cavalry, who were not participating in the battle, would have launched an attack toward the main camp of Goguryeo forces in the back with a wide siege on both sides. If the number of Ohhwan cavalry was small, it could have used breakthrough tactics like Alexander in the Battle of Gaugamela. The question is why Goguryeo's iron rushed toward the Wei Dynasty army, which was waiting for dust. Can this be explained simply by the misjudgment of King Dongcheon, who had already fallen into pride with two wins? The overall progress of the battle can be seen from the Goguryeo side as the final stage of reaching the offensive point and chasing and extinguishing the retreating enemy. On the Goguryeo side, not only King Dongcheon but also the commander of the unit unit, but also the soldiers who stood in the battle line would not have suspected defeat. Although it is difficult to avoid the responsibility of charging ironware in the dust of dense infantry, the strategy of chasing and extinguishing the retreating enemy itself has no problem. In that context, there is a possibility that the two previous battles were perhaps incentives planned by the government prosecution from the beginning. In any form of war, there must have been no enemy as powerful as the other person's pride. The remaining records are clear, unclear, and look the same, but when you go into the details, they don't make sense or even the timing of occurrence is wrong as the title suggests. Why did Goguryeo and Weinara talk about different things even after experiencing the same war at the same time? The possibility can be considered in two ways. One can be thought of in terms of the fact that Goguryeo won twice before losing due to regret and contempt of defeat, and that they hid their defeat in Chinese librarians to set an example for future generations. In fact, except for the two combat records that took place before the third battle, there are too many different records on both sides except for the outbreak and early progress of the war. The decisive year of the battle was also Goguryeo's fall in October after the defeat of three battles and the third battle in August 246, but the Chinese record is consistent with the record that the battle took place in the 4th year of regular time (244 AD), and the next year again the government sword attacked Goguryeo. The official sword monument, which was discovered at a road construction site 17 kilometers northwest of Gaesi in 1906, is said to have gathered troops in 243 and attacked Goguryeo in 244 and retreated in June 245, but controversy continues. In this case, ordinary historians often put more weight on the records of Chinese librarians. The main basis is that the record time of the Three Kingdoms is ahead of the History of the Three Kingdoms, but the idea that the record of the same period is always close to the truth may be a hasty view. If Goguryeo manipulated the record, there was no reason to say that it recorded a battle and its casualties that would not have won. It would have been better to bravely fight an unknown enemy and write down the fact that the enemy was forced to retreat because the number of enemies was too large. In addition, if the records on Yuyu and Milwoo had been manipulated, the shameful records that the king abandoned the capital and fled to the Okjeo area would have been manipulated as well. The time of the war also has a decisive problem that is completely unbelievable in 244 years mentioned in the Three Kingdoms. In August of autumn, Yujusa Temple in the Wei Dynasty established Goguryeo with Nakrangtaesu Yu or Yu and Sakbangtaesu Wangjun*. Taking advantage of the gap, the king sent the chief Jinchung to raid and take away the residents of the outskirts of Nakrang. When Yu-mu heard this and got angry, the king returned the people, fearing that they would be invaded.』 Among the records of the 13th year of King Goi's reign (246 AD) of the Three Kingdoms Period, KEPCO recorded the presence or absence of Nakrangtaesu and Daebangtaesu Gungjun fighting with the Hanui Shinji over the issue of the incorporation of the strong Palguk. In the Three Kingdoms, it is said that it was destroyed by resentment, but there is also a record that Daebangtaesu Gungjun was killed, so it is judged that it was not a one-sided victory between Nakrang and Daebang.

In the same book, the records on Dongye show that Nakrang and Daebang defeated Dongye in the 6th year of regular time (245 AD) and received the surrender of fire and fire. If all three records were made based on facts or facts, combining the three records reveals the following progress. In 244 or 246, the official sword of Yujusa Temple above invaded Goguryeo, and the troops of Nakrang and Daebang, who existed in the south of Goguryeo, also collaborated with Goguryeo under the direction of Gungjun. b. The goal of the attack of the troops dispatched from Nakrang and Daebang was to be subordinated to Goguryeo at the end of the Later Period. c. Baekje or Mahan invaded Nakrang and Daebang while the military forces of Nakrang and Daebang moved north. The reason why a country in Baekje or Mahan attacked Nakrang and Daebang is presumed to be because of the opposition to the expansion of the influence of the two counties on the region. ㄹ. The battles between Nakrang, Daebang, and any other country in Baekje or Mahan were so fierce that Daebang Taesu Gungjun was killed. In the Samguksa Temple, it is said that King Goiwa of Baekje returned the looted people for fear of invasion, and in the Samgukji, it is said that Han was destroyed. However, if the object of the battle between Nakrang and Daebang was Baekje, the record that Han was destroyed is not true* Gungjun, who died at this time, has been confirmed to survive up to 6 years on time, the time of Dongye Invasion. In other words, it is because the current Do Taesu Wanggi, who visited Buyeo during the Goguryeo invasion of the official sword, was recorded as Daebang Taesu in the 8th year of regular time.(In the Three Kingdoms)Oh Hwanseon Bibijeon...Japanese) Therefore, the battle in which Gungjun was killed can be seen between 6 and 8 years on time, that is, 245 and 247. Excluding 247 as the end of the battle, it means that at some point in 245 and 246, the forces of Han and the forces of the two forces clashed. If so, the time when the Nakrang and Daebanggun invaded the art for cooperation with the official sword is also one of the two years, 245 and 246. That means that the time when the official prosecution first invaded Goguryeo was 245 or 246, which means that 244 should be excluded. Perhaps there was a possibility that they started preparing for expedition while seeking cooperation with Buyeo, Nakrang, and Daebang for Goguryeo invasion, or dispatched some advance teams to occupy part of Goguryeo's territory, but it was not a full-scale invasion. In addition, the Three Kingdoms' King Banggi records the invasion of Goguryeo by the official sword in the 7th or 246th year of the regular period, the fall and the attack of the opponent, and the subsequent battle between the two forces and Han. In particular, dozens of countries, including Han Na-hye, surrendered during the King Banggi.Since there is a record of Books, it is causing greater confusion. However, it cannot be said that it is a one-sided error because both records were recorded (three kingdoms) at the time or at least based on records (three kingdoms fraud) left by the parties who experienced themselves. Therefore, when looking at all these records comprehensively, it is highly likely that the government prosecutor's invasion of Goguryeo and the resulting battles between Nakrang, Daebang and Han took place one by one from the preparation period of 244 years to the end of the war in 246. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ * The name of Daebang Taesu is recorded as Wangjun in the History of the Three Kingdoms and Gungjun in the Three Kingdoms. * Han's Shinji, who fought against Nakrang and Daebang from the Three Kingdoms, is usually viewed as the late king of Baekje in connection with the records of the Three Kingdoms, but some scholars view it as Mahan's pastoral country. The view is that the war weakened the power of the pastoral country and led to Baekje's expansion of power, but it is unlikely that Mahan, who skipped Baekje, which borders Nakrang and Daebang, will have an armed conflict with the two armies. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5. The story of the three lights surrounding death If the conflict between the Wei Dynasty army led by the official prosecution and the ironing of King Dongcheon was highlighted in the first half of the war article, the highlight in the second half is about King Dongcheon and heroes who did not waste their lives to save him. Goguryeo, like other conquering countries, could not completely control or exclude the ruling class or existing rulers. Therefore, most of the political systems of Goguryeo in the early days tended to be viewed as a loose combination of the Federation Kingdom and the Township States, and recently, the sub-system...In other words, it is understood in terms of the establishment and development of a kingdom through the union of each department. As a result of this inevitable result, Goguryeo's early founding leaders engaged in independent conquest activities and revolted against the king, causing armed conflict with the king's army. In this situation, Milwoo, who rushed to the enemy camp to save King Dongcheon, Yoo Ok-gu, who saved him, and Yu Yu, who abandoned his life and killed the enemy commander, must have impressed not only the same era but also future generations. I think that the existence of values more precious than human life can never be judged as long as war or death continues to be next to humans in the future. Moreover, fighting to protect something without taking care of one's own life in a special situation of war would have seemed as beautiful and reverent as its desperation. One... Burning Red Light - Milwoo, recorded only as a person in the eastern part of Milwoo, led the association to save King Dongcheon, who was surrounded by the enemy at Jukryeong in Namokjeo, and fought with the enemy to give the king time to escape. In terms of the expression association, the size of the unit led by Milwoo would be very small compared to the enemy chasing it. Of course, it cannot be done with ordinary courage to lead a small army and enter the enemy camp. Later, during the aftershock of Goryeo, Cheok Joon-kyung led the association and defeated the enemy outside the castle, and during the Mongolian invasion, Kim Kyung-son of Gwijuseong also led the association and attacked the Mongol army. I don't know how large it is, but unlike Milwoo, who volunteered, there must have been soldiers who were forced to go, and even if they were prepared to die, they could have changed their minds if they saw enemies of a large scale in front of their eyes. The only way to prevent these various thoughts is for the commander to take the lead in fighting. And maybe Milwoo was injured while fighting in the lead or collapsed exhausted. King Dongcheon ordered to save Milwoo, who did not return from the battlefield, and Yoo Ok-gu of the lower part carried Milwoo on his back, so the chase team seems to have also suffered considerable damage and stopped chasing. It can be said that the action shown by Milwoo is a universal form of loyalty that the lower one shows to the higher one to the king. And it can be said that the king's actions to save Milwoo were also shown to the subordinates by a high person. After this fight, Milwoo cannot leave his name in history again. Considering that only the name Dongbu appears in front of the name, it is presumed that the official lanterns were not high or there were no official lanterns at all. Two... Pure white blue light - Yuyu, an eastern person like Yuyu Milwoo, shows a more sacrificial and holy appearance. If Milwoo's brave action was to stop the enemy for a while, the sacrifice of Yuyu was an active action to defeat the enemy. The boundary between death and life on the battlefield is very faint and close.  However, there is a lot of difference between death and life being unclear and death being certain. The situation that Milwoo was in was difficult and difficult, but there was a slight possibility of surviving, and he actually survived, although he was seriously hurt. On the other hand, Yuyu would not have had the idea of surviving from the time he first talked to the king, and the fear and fear he had inside are unknown, but as he said, he succeeds in saving the king from the crisis by throwing his own life. The scheme that Yuyu put into practice by throwing his own life would have sought two effects. One was to confuse the chase by killing the commander of the chase and catch a clue to the counterattack, and to agitate the king and colleagues who were obsessed with defeat and fear due to their own death. In fact, after Yu Yu was killed with the enemy commander, King Dongcheon recovered the remaining troops and attacked the chase to win. The defeated pursuit forces are hit so hard that they cannot retreat due to fluctuations and retreat to the south's fall. If the army was enough to flee to Namokjeo with King Dongcheon, it would be side workers and subordinates who were loyal to the king, and they would have thrown away the fear and fear they had raised in their hearts and rushed to the ranks of the enemy while watching the leisurely death. Although the commander was suddenly killed, it would not have been so dominant in number if the chase had retreated to the south's fall without overcoming the counterattack of the troops led by King Dongcheon. Yuyu probably died next to the enemy commander he killed in the middle of the enemy camp. He may not have seen the Goguryeo army's counterattack after his death, but I think he was able to claim his own death not only because of his loyalty to the king, but also because of his trust in his colleagues who would overcome his death. Yu Yu was later appointed as a district magistrate by King Dongcheon, and his son Dow was also offered the post of ambassador. It is not known whether this is really an appropriate reward for the behavior that Yu Yu showed at the last minute. Three... Deep and heavy gray - When you look at the war records of 246 years of deukrae, there is also a brief story about deukrae. However, it shows a completely different appearance from what Yuyu and Milwoo showed to the king. Thanks to this, the previous two seem to be weak or fading, unlike their names so far.

Furthermore, Deung-rae's policy of telling the king - insisted on peace and peace with the stomach, which would have naturally insisted on abandonment of the West Anpyeong region, the south's fall, and coexistence with the Great Bang - would not have been well received by the king as other warriors or leaders, and even accused of coward or traitor. But he didn't give up his argument, and eventually he lost his life because of it. Whether he lost his life because he didn't eat himself or because of this, he was guilty of being hated by the king and died, but eventually he died because he did not bend his argument. The official sword, who captured the Hwando Castle, listens to the story of Deungrae and prevents him from destroying his tomb and releases his captured family. The reason why the government prosecutor did this would not be to truly respect Deukrae, but to laugh at the foolishness of the king who did not listen to his servants, which led to death for Goguryeo, and his name was either taken away or taken away from people's memories. However, as a result, the argument of gains and losses was correct. King Dongcheon, who could not return to the destroyed Hwandoseong as predicted by Deukrae, had to move to Donghwangseong Fortress, and the ruined Hwandoseong Fortress would have grown abundantly. It is believed that the peace policy that Deukrae claimed did not fit the atmosphere of Goguryeo at all at the time, and that Deukrae would not have accepted his claim if Deukrae's will was true. Nevertheless, he did not back down his argument. Like Yuyu and Milwoo, he was also recorded as a servant and had no government office. If Yuyu and Milwoo's fight with a knife showed their own loyalty, his argument is also different in a cool way, but in the end, it can be said that it is a testimony for the king and the country. War is often used as an extension of politics or part of politics. Furthermore, some see it as another form of politics. People who cause war often persuaded and instigated people with the excuse that they were forced to go to war to resolve conflicts and solve problems. However, the history that has passed shows silently that war is another spark of problem and often leads to new conflicts. Contrary to the expectations of Deukrae, even if King Dongcheon defeated the official sword, occupied the West Anpyeong, and blocked the connection between Nakrang and Daebang, it was only the beginning, not the end. Unless Goguryeo's capabilities completely annihilate the military power of the Wei Dynasty.It was self-evident that the war would continue unless Wi gave up Seoanpyeong and the two armies, and in the end, Goguryeo, which had relatively weak national power, could suffer more damage. In fact, the Wei Dynasty army, led by the government prosecutor, has advanced to the vicinity of Hwando Province, the capital city, without much resistance, and all villages and agricultural lands on the route would have been destroyed. If it was August of the lunar calendar, all crops that would have been harvested or just before harvest would have to be given up. As explained earlier, for Goguryeo, Seoanpyeong was a strategic point that could never be abandoned and the only way to cut off the siege threatening survival at once, and Goguryeo's continuous and persistent attacks meant that Goguryeo people of the same period were also well aware of this. Personally, I also believe that Goguryeo must have occupied West Anpyeong at all costs. However, I think it is worth considering the argument of Deukrae at least once.

Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 4. Justice Department (2)

 Jicheongcheon Stream always judged that Manchuria and Noryeong were suitable as bases for the independence movement, especially as military bases for armed anti-Japanese struggle, and even when working in Noryeong, it worked hard to connect with the Manchurian region and unite armed groups from all over the world. In early September 1923, Ji Cheong-cheon, who returned to old age from Shanghai, attended a representative meeting of an independence movement group held at Toseongja near Sojubong Peak along with Moon Chang-beom, Giloksan Mountain, Lee Bum-yoon, Kim Jwa-jin, and Cho Seong-hwan. Immediately after the collapse of the National Assembly, this meeting seems to have been held to set the direction of the National Independence Movement in the old Manchurian region. Thus, it seems that the unification policy of each armed group scattered in Manchuria and old age was decided and agreed to make efforts. Accordingly, it was proposed to make efforts for the unification of military organizations and hold a unification meeting by sending a letter to each armed organization in the name of the representative of each independence movement organization. This low-Cheongcheon's efforts to unify, reorganize, and strengthen the independence movement military organizations were to initiate a domestic vacuum operation across borders. This meaning was not just the wish of Jicheongcheon Stream, but the leader of the armed independence movement, or all independent military warriors, who were active in Manchuria and Noryeong at the time to liberate their homeland. At that time, the Japanese authorities were greatly shocked and afraid of the information that massive armed strengthening activities were underway in the old Manchurian region. In 1921, efforts were made to integrate each decentralized independence movement group in South Manchuria and reorganize the military by reuniting veterans, and after more than a year of work, in January 1922, the Military Government, Han Church, and Korea Independence Corps were united and renamed two months later. The leadership of the Korean Tongbu is Kim Dong-sam, vice-president Chae Sang-deok, secretary-general Go Hal-shin, civil affairs chief Lee Woong-hae, justice chief Hyun Jeong-kyung, finance chief Lee Byung-ki, bargaining chief Kim Seung-man, academic chief Shin Eon-gap, transportation chief Oh Eon-jin, In the Daehan Tongbu, there were Kim Dong-sam, Kim Chang-hwan, and Shin Pal-gyun, who agreed with Ji Cheong-cheon. Ji Cheong-cheon, accompanied by Kim Seung-bin and Chae-young, moved to Nammanju and received enthusiastic welcome from the leaders of Tonguibu. However, Ji Cheong-cheon was in an extremely deteriorated state of health, so it was difficult to directly engage in the leadership of the Ministry of Communications. Therefore, while taking a rest and receiving treatment, he worked as an administrative advisor to the Tongui Department with Yang Ki-tak. As explained earlier, Yang Ki-tak, an advisor to the Tongui-bu, met with Shin Sook and Yun Hae at Gilim in early 1924 to discuss the unification of each independence movement group in Jaeman, Lee Jang-nyeong, Park Gwan-hae, etc. On September 25, 25 representatives of 10 organizations participated in the plenary session to name it as an integrated anti-Japanese organization, and decided to impose a tax of KRW 6 per year on each house as a maintenance fee for the Ministry of Justice. These three resolutions, although simple, confirm the purpose of the Justice Department's establishment. It can be seen that the organization of the armed guards is an organization for the armed anti-Japanese struggle. In addition, it can be seen that the Ministry of Justice is a kind of administrative governance organization that has a quasi-governmental character and its administrative area is targeting South Manchuria. In the end, it can be seen that the Justice Ministry is an organization of the armed independence movement and an administrative agency of the Korean society in South Manchuria has a dual function. Through this meeting, Oh Dong-jin, Hyun Jeong-gyeong, Kim Yi-dae, Ji Cheong-cheon, and Lee Jin-san were appointed as central administrative members, and Maeng Cheol-ho, Choi Myung-soo, Lee Jang-nyeong, Cho Seong-hwan, Kim Dong-sam, Ko Hal-shin, etc. After this meeting, the leaders of each Manchurian organization made several efforts to achieve unity, and in January 1925, the Ministry of Justice was officially launched. Afterwards, in March 1925, the Justice Department decided to make all institutions a central committee organization and appointed the Central Administrative Committee Chairman and each vice-chairman, and the organizations and leaders of each department of the Justice Department were as follows. Central Executive Committee Chairman Lee Tak, Kim Dong-sam, Home Affairs Committee Chairman Hyun Jeong-kyung, Military Affairs Committee Chairman Ji Cheong-cheon, Oh Dong-jin, Finance Committee Chairman Kim Dae-jung, Kang Je-joong, and Oh Ik-cheol, Living Committee Chairman Oh Dong-jin. Kim Ho and Hyun Jeong-kyung, chairman of the Civil Affairs Committee. Propaganda Chairman Lee Jong-gun, Education Chairman Kim Jin-ho, Kim Yong-dae, Go Hal-shin, Transportation Chairman Yoon Byung-yong, Justice Chairman Lee Jin-san, Kim Dong-sam, Foreign Minister Kim Tak, Lee Jong-gun, Choi Myung-soo, and Munhak Bin, Industrial Chairman Lee Dong-gyu. Among these administrative members of the Justice Ministry, Lee Tak and Munhak Bin became pro-Japanese group after the Manchurian Incident in 1931. Meanwhile, in North Manchuria, in March 1925, Shin Min-bu was formed centering on Kim Hyuk, Kim Jwa-jin, and Cho Sung-hwan, and Baek Kwang-woon, Park Eung-baek, and Kim So-ha, who withdrew from Tonguibu, formed the Chamui-bu, forming the camp. The Justice Ministry basically had a quasi-governmental characteristic organized to achieve the great achievement of liberation, and the separation of powers such as legislation, justice, and administration was formed, and local autonomy, administrative and security were unified, boasting the largest power among the three. The Justice Ministry, which had such quasi-governmental organizations and capabilities, took administrative measures against 15,000 households and 100,000 Koreans in the jurisdiction, maintained security, and worked to promote food industry, education, and culture. And above all, in order to raise the independence movement, he devoted himself to fostering independent forces and launched an armed anti-Japanese struggle. This present state of justice was the most active of the three divisions organized in Manchuria at the time. The Ministry of Justice established elementary schools in various Korean villages to provide elementary education, and established Hwahung Middle School in Wangcheongmun Gate, Heunggyeong-hyeon, and Dongmyeong Middle School in Samwonpo, Yoo Ha-hyeon. In addition, Hwaseong Sook was established in Hwajeon to train revolutionary executives. In September 1926, Daedong Minbo was established to publish the weekly newspaper Daedong Minbo, and with the support of Shanghai Independence Newspaper, he founded the monthly magazine Jeonwoo in January of the following year and engaged in active media activities. He established farmers' associations and agricultural corporations, purchased and reclaimed 3,000 pyeong of wasteland in three places, including Akmokhyeon, and worked hard to cultivate food. Meanwhile, Ji Cheong-cheon, who took office as the chairman of the military affairs committee of the Ministry of Justice, organized a volunteer group with the independent army of the Ministry of Communications as the period. Ji Cheong-cheon, as well as the general commander of the righteous army, served as Chief of Staff Kim Dong-sam, Deputy General Jeong Yi-hyung, Cho Song-rim, Kim Ki-hae, Lee Jae-geun as Yeon-yeon Officer, Lee Seong-geun as Gyeong-ri, and Kim Chang-heon as Military Police Commander. Kim Kwang-jin was the captain of Byeoldong of the Central Military Department, and Cha Seung-gu was the platoon leader of Yongdae of Baeksan. However, during this period, the military activities of the independence movement camp were causing considerable disruption. In order to suppress the independence movement camp, which was becoming stronger in Manchuria at the time, Miyamatsu Mitsuya, the governor-general of the Joseon Dynasty, moved to Manchuria on June 11, 1925 and signed an agreement with Woojin, the head of the Bongcheonseong government's police department. The contents included banning Koreans residing in Manchuria from carrying weapons and entering the shipbuilding, arresting the Chinese side and handing them over to the Japanese police, dissolving the independence movement military organization and confiscating weapons, and arresting and handing them over to the Japanese Government-General. In addition, the Japanese imperialist authorities separated the Chinese authorities from the Korean independence movement forces by expressing that they would pay a reward when arresting a Korean independence activist. Due to the three-city agreement, the entire Northeast Samsung government office suffered a "strict policy of the Korean Revolutionary Movement," and numerous independence activists were arrested by Chinese public security authorities and handed over to Japanese police and military police. Despite the difficulties in the objective situation of the independence movement, leaders of the Justice Ministry, including Ji Cheong-cheon, made various efforts to strengthen the armed force. Thus, he led the organization of the Damul Youth Corps, a youth organization that will be the center of military activities. The Damul Youth Corps, which was organized by Jeong Yi-hyung, Kim Chang-heon, Lee Seok-ho, and Joo Ha-beom as executives, advocated "pure independence nationalism" as a kind of association organization organized within the Ministry of Justice, and expanded its power to 3,4,000 members. Meanwhile, in addition to the Dasil Youth Corps, the Labor Party, which was composed mainly of Kim Dong-sam, Lee Il-sim, and Lee Hoi-ryong, was also expanded and strengthened to secure 3,4,000 party members.

With the revitalization of the youth movement, the Ministry of Justice's armed force expanded from four companies as of July 1925 to five companies as of January of the following year. On the other hand, Ji Cheong-cheon also participated in the organization of the Goryeo Revolutionary Party, which was created as a "triangle alliance" connecting Korea, Manchuria, and Noryeong, and worked for the great unity of the National Independence Movement camp. At that time, the leadership ideology of various independence movements was mixed in Manchuria. From republicanism and abdominal wallism to socialism based on Russia's Bolshevik Revolution, there was indeed an atmosphere of unification among independence movement groups due to various ideologies. In particular, the influx of socialist ideology is progressing rapidly, so the nationalist camp needed to unify its response somehow. Accordingly, it was the Goryeo Revolutionary Party that was born as a result of efforts to form the only political party in Manchuria. The Goryeo Revolutionary Party combines conventional armed activities and social movements to promote rapid development of the independence movement, including Yang Ki-tak, Jeong Yi-hyung, Hyun Jeong-kyung, old Lee Gyu-pung, Joo Jin-soo, Choi So-soo, domestic Cheondogyo innovationists, Kim Bong-guk, and Lee Dong-rak. However, there were many people who resonated with socialist ideas within the party, so there were frequent internal divisions with nationalists, and there were constant attempts to suppress and divide Japanese imperialism. As a result, most of the nationalists left the party, and after major party executives such as Oh Dong-jin, Yoo Gong-sam, and Jeong Yi-hyung were arrested by Japanese imperialism in 1927, the Goryeo Revolutionary Party completely lost its function. Ji Cheong-cheon tried to unite the independence movement camp more than anyone else, acknowledged the existence of an extraordinary government to strengthen anti-Japanese forces, and persuaded the Shin Min-bu, who is skeptical about the activities and functions of the extraordinary government along with Kim Seung-hak. The Ministry of Justice and the New Minbu were recognized as useless institutions due to the lack of roles and weak power of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, as they were established from the Army's Chief Executive Officer. However, Ji Cheong-cheon believed that the existence of a temporary government is essential for a long-term bloody battle against Japan, and that a temporary government must exist to symbolically express the national spirit. Therefore, the Ministry of Justice held the first Central Assembly on July 15, 1925, confirmed Lee Sang-ryong's inauguration as a member of the State Council, Kim I-dae, and Ko Hal-shin, and decided to approve and support the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. The conditions were to seek compromise and unification contact from independence movement groups from all over the world, to have government ministers as members, to elect one out of 10,000 lawmakers, and to relocate the temporary government to working-level areas. Here, the working area is estimated to mean Manchuria. Although Lee Sang-ryong failed to form a State Council and was not inaugurated, it can be seen that the Justice Ministry did not deny the provisional government of the Republic of Korea, generally placing importance on Manchuria's activities. It goes without saying that knowing is for the unity of anti-Japanese forces. In this sense, Jicheongcheon confirmed that Manchuria was the center of the armed anti-Japanese struggle and recognized the temporary government of Shanghai.

Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 4. Justice Department (1)

 Jicheongcheon Stream arrived in Shanghai before and after Kim Dong-sam's party at the end of 1922. Kim Dong-sam declared the historic first opening as the chairman of the National Assembly and entered the plenary session. On the first day, a draft schedule of the National Assembly was reported. Among them were reporting the situation of each local and each organization, issues such as current affairs, military, finance, diplomacy, livelihood, education, and labor of the independence movement, constitution, and institutional organization. On February 3, members of six specialized fields, including military, financial, diplomatic, livelihood, and education, were elected. Ji Cheong-cheon was elected as a military member along with Kim Dong-sam, Bae Cheon-taek, and Jeong Shin. From March 20 to April 10, the National Assembly was unable to deal with the agenda in earnest and was adjourned due to the confrontation between each political party. However, after efforts to negotiate behind the scenes, the official meeting was held again on April 11. On April 17, Ji Cheong-cheon prepared and submitted the following military security report with comrades such as Kim Dong-sam and Jung Shin based on military practice and strategic tactics. "April 17, 4256 A.D. Military Subcommittee members Ji Cheong-cheon, Kim Dong-sam, Bae Cheon-taek, Shin Il-heon, Choi Joon-hyung, Jung Shin, and Kim Cheol." The military proposal is reported as follows. 1. Military service: Men aged 18 to 40 are obligated to serve in the military. However, as a woman over the age of 18 and a man over the age of 40, applicants are required to be reinstated from military service. 2. The organized army is divided into two types of regular and local forces, and the highest platoon is a mixed brigade. For each military and other convenience, each military district is organized into Gunje-by Gunje. 3. Military institutions have military affairs and staff, are located in appropriate regions in consideration of future practices, and local institutions are established by defining several military districts under the principle of the central government system. 4. Education establishes an Army Military Academy in an appropriate area to train military officers and dispatches international students abroad to learn various military skills. 5. Military expenses shall be 2/3 of the total income. However, the military itself is not allowed to raise military funds. 6. Department of Military Studies: Compilation and printing of military studies and distribution to each military agency. 7. Processing of the current military affairs agencies in each region: Any military affairs agencies currently in each country shall be revoked, and in the future, private or collective military editorials shall not be permitted. 8. The current handling of armed forces and hangovers shall be handled in accordance with future military facilities. 9.Carton: The military plan based on the above principles shall be enacted and implemented in detail by the Military Subcommittee and provided to the highest military agency. This military proposal began discussion on the 18th and passed as it was except that the third item was deleted on the 23rd. It was a military proposal that was highly likely to be promoted if the national representative meeting proceeded smoothly and a strong government was formed, but the process of the national representative meeting was not so smooth. Due to various factors such as each organization, individual, region, and struggle route that have existed in the past, the National Congress finally revealed a remarkable confrontation between the creative and the renovationists. Ahn Chang-ho, Bae Chun-taek, Kim Chul-soo, Kim Dong-sam, and Kim Sang-deok argued that the existing provisional government had many contradictions, so a new government should be created for an effective anti-Japanese independence movement in the future. Meanwhile, Yoon Hae, Shin Sook, Shin Il-heon, Kim Gyu-sik, and Yeo Un-hyung argued that they were already organized, so even if there was some negligence, they did not need to form a new government and should be reformed by reorganizing ministers. Philanthropy, Lee Yoo-pil, choreography, and Yoo Si-eon were in a neutral position. Since he fled to Manchuria with a great meaning to achieve his country's independence through the armed anti-Japanese struggle, Jicheongcheon had high expectations for a national representative meeting where representatives from almost all regions gathered to seek unification of the independence movement. The reason why the National Congress was held was to correct such problems and unify the exercise capabilities. Thus, Jicheongcheon Stream issued a statement for the formation of a unified institution with comrades such as Kim Se-hyuk and Lim Byeong-geuk, who agreed to the armed struggle for the unity of the entire independence movement camp, not blindly opposing the temporary government. "In the past, the existence of separate independence movement agencies, temporary governments, and temporary gardens should be completely disallowed and unified top agencies, and the representative who agrees shall endeavor to form a unified institution until the end." However, what Jicheongcheon really wanted was not division, but unity. As will be described later, this position also appears in the actions taken by Ji Cheong-cheon when forming a cabinet of the creative group.   Meanwhile, the presidential non-confidence bill was passed at the meeting on May 1, 1923, attracting the reformists' position. The reformists tried to take over the Uijeongbu Garden, but this plan also failed. As a result, neutralists were also flocking to the creative faction, making the policy of establishing a new independence movement agency clearer. Kim Dong-sam and Bae Chun-taek returned to Manchuria by summoning their organizations due to the confrontation between the creative and the retrofit groups. Eventually, a new chairman was elected, and Yoon Hae-e and Oh Chang-hwan were elected vice-chairman, but the reformists withdrew from the meeting with dissatisfaction. Accordingly, the meeting was held only with creative members, and an atmosphere was created to assassinate Yun-hae and Won Se-hoon and build a creative group. Accordingly, the creative group judged that no further efforts for unification were vain and tried to move to old age. It was to build a massive anti-Japanese struggle base by organizing a unified independence movement organization in Manchuria, an old age that is advantageous for armed activities. In addition, a plan was established to cultivate military talent and carry out massive armed activities by having Ji Cheong-cheon, Kim Se-hyuk, and Lim Byeong-geuk establish a military school. Thus, a secret meeting was held on June 7 to elect 33 members of the National Committee, and the constitution was enacted and the organization was resolved. In addition, the committee members decided not to gather in one place but to do what they were in charge of. At this meeting, Ji Cheong-cheon was elected as a member of the National Committee along with Kim Gyu-sik, Shin Sook, Chae-young, Shin Pal-gyun, and Kim Kyu-myeon, but was dismissed as the National Assembly failed to achieve its original purpose of uniting the independence movement. Not only Ji Cheong-cheon but also a number of people took this view, and Park Eun-sik and others expressed opposition to the appointment of the creative group. In this situation, the creative group persuaded Ji Cheong-cheon by deciding to promote the unification of the national movement in the future and focus on military activities. Thus, Kim Eung-cheon and Ji Cheong-cheon, who fled together with the will of the armed anti-Japanese struggle, were designated as responsible for military activities to promote future armed anti-Japanese struggle. Criticism of the failure to unite came not only from the creators but also from the reformists. Ahn Chang-ho and Kim Dong-sam blamed themselves for being unselected for the collapse of the National Assembly and announced that they would run for future activities, leaving the issue of judging "right and wrong" by saying they were not willing to include their names in their statements against the reformists. However, the prospect of reunification was getting darker. Following the opposition statement of about 50 reformists, including Kim Cheol and Lee Jin-san, on June 3, the provisional government issued a declaration of a Cabinet Order on June 6 to criticize Yun Hae and Shin Sook, followed by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Kim Gu. Due to the adherence of the reformers, the temporary government, and the creative group's independent cabinet election, the National Congress, the first massive unification movement in the history of the Korean independence movement, failed to achieve its purpose. Ji Cheong-cheon criticized the unification of the National Congress, but the trend reached a breakdown and decided to move to the old age and Manchuria, where armed activities were based. At that time, the creative group decided to move to old age and dispatched Oh Chang-hwan, the representative of the northern region of Maritime Province, to Russia to explore the contents of Comintern's "National Revolution Strategy" and received a reply to promote the "National Revolution" before the Korean Revolution. In addition, it welcomed the institutions created at the National Assembly and received a reply that it would actively assist if there was no significant difference by directly exchanging opinions on the national revolution. Accordingly, Ji Cheong-cheon decided to move to Manchuria and Goryeong, where armed activities are advantageous, and accepted the appointment of a government member of the State Council formed by the creative group. Then, he entered the old age using a ship. Representatives of the National Committee, who moved to old age, negotiated with the Soviet Union. The negotiations were completed in December 1923 and the agreement was sent to the Comintern headquarters after preliminary negotiations with Feinbulk, deputy director of the East of Comintern, and Han Myeong-se and Lee Dong-hwi. However, the situation was not so smooth. With Lenin's death and Comintern's Pavlov being summoned, the policy direction of Comintern changed. This was because if a "government of the Joseon Republic" was established within Russian territory, it was highly likely to cause Japan's opposition to provocations. The Soviet government, which was seeking diplomatic negotiations with Japan at the time, called on the National Committee to step down from Russian territory because it was possible to support the independence movement of Koreans, but establishing an independent government within Russian territory was dangerous for Comintern. As a result, the representatives of the National Committee returned to their respective regions and organizations, promised to practice the party and party power confirmed by the National Committee and try to secure comrades in Manchuria and China.

The Korean Independence Party Organization Plan announced by the National Committee in Beijing has focused on the argument that the independence movement of the Korean people should create a "unified revolutionary front" and a "only national revolutionary party" as a single-party organization plan to practice a unified independence movement. It also included content that strongly rejected the compromise claimed in some parts of Korea at the time and the diplomatic independence movement line of the temporary government. In addition, the organization of the Korea Independence Party was decided to be flexible in accordance with the circumstances of each organization and region. The National Committee's policy shocked the independence movement front of mainland China and Manchuria at the time, which served as an opportunity for activities to strengthen the independence movement front uniformly. After the announcement of the proposal for the organization of the Korean Independence Party, lawmakers Yoon Ki-seop and Kim Sang-deok of the Provisional Garden of the Republic of Korea proposed a "convocation of the Independent Party Representative" at the extraordinary garden meeting held on July 17, 1924. The provisional government promulgated the convocation of the Independent Party's representative meeting to positively accept and implement the organizational proposals of the National Grand Party, such as the "Korean Independent Party Organization Plan" and the "Calls of Independent Party Representatives". Although the convocation of the Independence Party's representative meeting promoted by the provisional government was not achieved, the meaning of the "Korean Independence Party Organization Plan" is not small in connection with the future movement to form the only national party.

Three lights, one swear...1

 In August, the 20th or 18th year of King Dongcheon* (246 or 244 AD), near Yoha* Yuyu looked up at the midday sun. The sun, which was not yet losing its energy, was shooting the hot sun in all directions like arrows. Yu-yu, who opened her eyes straight and looked at the sun according to her habits as a child, could not overcome the heavy sunlight that filled her eyes and soon turned her head. Sour tears poured out of the hot eyes. The top of the mountain where Yuyu on the horse stood was quiet and still. At the bottom of the mountain, all the shouts and cries of the beasts gathered on both sides seemed to be a distant world. Perhaps the horse on board was boring, he was smelling autumn rising from the ground with his head stuck in the ground. Unlike the freshness of spring, the smell of the rich and soft autumn land used to make horses angry and make people go wild. Down the hill...The loess field behind Yoha's back was calm as if everything had stopped, and the strange and heterogeneous square black darkness in the middle of the stillness was quiet. Occasionally, the shadow hanging from the tail of the flag fluttering in the wind squeezed out of the black darkness and shook, and soon disappeared. At the beginning of this month, the Wei Dynasty army, which had invaded beyond Yoha, pushed into Hwando Province, where the capital is located, into an uninhabited landscape. But all of that was a trap that King Tae dug up. As always, he deliberately allowed the enemy to invade in order to break the enemy's strong momentum and make the enemy conceive, and the enemies caught up in it always invaded with good spirits.He would put his tail down and run away. Punghwan, a Confucian scholar of the Han Dynasty, who invaded during King Taejo's reign, was stopped by an inducement and was attacked by fluctuations, and the Han Dynasty army, who invaded during the reign of King Shin, also lost greatly to the prime minister Myeonglim. Eight years ago (or six years ago), when the Wei Dynasty subdued Gong Son, who was gaining power in Liaodong, King Tae launched an army to help them. In return, he decided to take over the sovereignty over Nakrang and Daebang, which are under the defeat of Seoanpyeong-hyeon, but rather secretly sent a ship to occupy Nakrang and Daebang-gun. In addition, when the sovereignty of Seoanpyeong was not recognized, Taewang, who was full, quick-tempered, and angry, threw a bowl and got angry like fire, but he couldn't relieve his anger at anyone. It was none other than King Tae who directly decided to attack the forces of the Gongson, who opposed other Nabu's masters and even national affairs, and he was surrounded in all directions without receiving the land he was supposed to receive. Buyeo in the north had not already been on good terms since King Taejo, and Nakrang and Daebang, which were occupied by Gongson, were only enthusiastic about business, and were not a serious threat. However, after the power of the Gongson disappeared, everything changed. There has been continuous news that the number of soldiers is increasing in Nakrang and Daebang, occupied by the Wei Dynasty, and Buyeo, which had been on bad terms from the beginning, seemed to have been close to the official sword. In addition, when Seoanpyeong, which had been so coveted, was also occupied by the Wei Dynasty, the anger of King Tae burned down as if it would burn the world. All of that gathered and it seemed that this fight took place. Anger and hatred toward each other. Betrayal and ridicule united into one and turned into a scream from the mouth of a dying soldier. The commander of the Wei Dynasty army, who had pushed into Hwando Province, was the official prosecutor of Yujusa Temple. The enemy forces, which had been pushing vigorously, fled after being suddenly attacked by our troops in the field below Hwando Castle, leaving thousands of bodies behind. The number of enemies, not only the Wei Dynasty troops but also the Ohhwan people, reached 30,000*, but neither the Taewang nor the generals was afraid, and the enemy collapsed incredibly quickly in the first fight. The troops dispatched along the retreating enemy forces were directly led by King Tae, and the Yuan army, which was caught up again in the valley of Yangmaek (presumed to be near Prince Jaha, a tributary of Yoha), was greatly defeated again. The number of enemy troops fleeing behind the 3,000 dead was about 10,000 scattered, and King Tae, who was looking down at the enemy fleeing from the valley with the flag abandoned, was thrilled and shouted loudly, looking around the left and right that the life of the official sword is now in my hand. In our repeated victories, Nabu, who initially did not send soldiers despite King Tae's orders, rushed to send troops, including troops led by the loser of Gwannabu, who initially joined yesterday, reaching 20,000. However, the enemy who ran away this morning stopped. They knew that we could no longer chase if we crossed Yo-Ha. But the enemy stopped as it was. King Tae, who heard from the scout that the Wei Dynasty army did not retreat after crossing Yoha, initially tilted his head and showed a cautious appearance. He solved the search in all directions to find the ambush of the enemy, and Yu Yu-yu also went out to search beyond Yo-ha, but no enemies were seen. Meanwhile, Jinjung suggested that the enemy's intention should be cautious until it became clear, and at first, King Tae followed its will. However, the news of his arrival yesterday morning changed King Tae's mind. It was news that the presence or absence of Nakrangtaesu and the army led by Daebangtaesu Wangjun* would advance beyond the southern border to Hwandoseong Fortress. Upon receiving the report, Taewang and the masters who had the territory in the south asked to hurry up with the attack, and the others insisted that the enemy in the south wait as it was because they would not be able to make an expedition with Baekje behind their backs for a long time. In the tent where King Taewang is located, fierce words were heard late last night, and Yuyu, who commanded the boundary of the tent, was shaking, perhaps because of the wind that King Tae's shadow came through the tent or because of anger against masters of other naboos who did not listen. As soon as the morning sun rose, the troops who renovated the daeo into combat formation began to gather over the mountain facing the field where the Wei army, who was behind Yoha, camped. There were several small fights over the hills overlooking both sides, but when cavalry led by Milwoo rushed, they fired several arrows and ran away. When it was easy to occupy an important hill, Milwoo and other generals who directly led the fight were all happy, saying it was a good sign, but I could feel a corner of my heart getting heavier. Both deaths in the two fights were not Yuju-gun led by the government prosecution, but only Ohhwan-jok or forced miscellaneous soldiers, and Yuju-gun always escaped one step ahead. The wind that came up past the ridge passed by the tip of the nose. As the cold wind blowing from the continent passed by, the horse with its head down lifted its head. "You were looking at the sun again?" What if the snow melts away?" Looking back at a familiar voice, Milwoo, who climbed on a black horse, was slowly driving up to the top of the mountain. "Is your arm okay?" Yu Yu-yu asked Mil-woo, who stopped talking right next to you. Milwoo, who was leading 50 cavalry to take the hill this morning, was hit on his right elbow by an arrow fired by the Wei Dynasty army on the hill. The arrow that penetrated the cowhide with metal pieces escaped to the other side, but Milwoo, who immediately pulled out the arrow, pushed it up without wrapping the wound. Eventually, the Wei Dynasty army, which was pushed back, fled under the mountain, and our army was able to occupy the hill without much sacrifice. "Your arm? It's okay...""I'm not the one to die from an arrow shot by an unknown person..." Milwoo, who was opening his mouth with his right arm tightly wrapped in a white cloth, couldn't continue to talk, frowning at the sudden. Then he smiled nicely at Yu Yu-yu looking at him. Yu Yu-yu, who was watching Mil-woo like that, burst into laughter. Even if they were from the same East, the two were too different. Yuyu's family, a former chief of a small tribe belonging to Gyerubu, was from a family that served Taewang for generations, and Milwoo's family, a former junior warrior of Juna, who surrendered during King Taejo's reign, could not stay close, but they went through several fights. Yuyu liked the boomeriness and boldness of Milwoo, and Milwoo envied the delicacy and prudence of milwoo. "By the way, what do you think they're up to?" Milwoo asked Yuyu, pointing to the army of the Wei Dynasty gathered under the hill at the tip of his chin. Looking down the hill again along Milwoo, Yuyu was flapping like a fish's fin splashing over their shoulders. "Well? I don't think he's going to run away, and he's going to fight us here." "To us? Tell him to dump everything! I'll blow your neck away..." Milwoo said, clinging his tongue. Yu Yu-yu, who raised his head, bowed his head again and sniffed, looking for a new smell. "It's not something to think about easily. According to the soldiers, it is said that they are making dustproof, but if so, it is not easy to break through with our iron." "Don't worry about scared people gathering without running away..."I even put a wooden fence in the river because I was afraid that my subordinates, Guan Gu-geom, would run away." "Wooden book! To which side?" Are you saying that you stuck it in the back? "Yes, that's right.Those guys are behind Jinyoung...I heard that Jeongtambyeong found a place to take a detour and find a place to go to Doha.I've got wedges stuck between the river stones." "I beg you..."" I let out my tears in a lowly. I blocked the back.That's also...It was ominous... Why did he claim to be in a difficult fight? "Maybe he gave us a hard fight." "What's wrong? Is there anything you're going to get caught?" "Look over there! The small rivers on both sides of the camp over there have a lot of stones by the river, so I can't go back."If you're blocked by your neck, there's only one direction left to attack..." "What else can I say?"Even so, it's over if you just shave it off with iron once.You saw it, too! How cowardly they are." "Where is King Tae?" "Say it yourself?"

It's already late.Look over there." In the place pointed with intact hands, warriors guarding the king, and masters of each nabu gathered. King Tae in the middle raised his hand and opened his mouth alternately pointing to both camps, and each time, all the masters around him nodded. During the great Red Placenta period, which was held slightly in front of the rider, a three-legged red bird twisted around with its claws exposed. "Is the attack decided?" I think so.The master of Yeonnabu, who was against it until the end, was also keeping his mouth shut before.Since Taewang said he would attack without Yeonnabu troops, I think he agreed because he thought he would be in trouble later if he was out." There was a conflict inside that he bit his lower lip hard. Should I go now and ask King Tae to slow down the attack?…I can endure the king's anger or what other masters say…I have been taught since I was young that it is the true duty of the subordinates who serve the lord to tell the king about his wrongdoing without deception. However, is it the true duty of the body to serve King Tae to talk about something else when the attack has already been decided? Even if I stopped attacking with my shout, it was a serious challenge to the authority of the king. Is it really the only way to show my loyalty to King Tae? Suddenly, a strong wind came up the hill. The horses turned their heads around in the small dust that had been swept away together. The Taewanggi, which was engulfed by the wind, was flapping upward with all its might. When King Tae sent a signal to the soldiers who were gathered next to him, the soldier with a long iron trumpet on his side put wind in his cheeks and began to blow as hard as he could. - Booo... The sound of long iron trumpets began to spread slowly and far away, expressing a gloomy energy. Even before the sound of the iron trumpet disappeared, dozens of drums in the back began to vomit all at once. The sound of drums pounding like the sound of footsteps made by the Jangchang unit, which matched the ranks, shook the hearts of the listeners. As the black flag indicating the attack moved from side to side, a loud roar rang from the Goguryeo army camp, which was waiting in formation at the bottom of the hill, and the formation slowly began to move forward. The sound of 20,000 people and horses' feet could be felt by the toes of the riding horse. The loud and magnificent footsteps were pushed up the hill like the wind with occasional shouts from soldiers. Yu Yu, who released her lips, sighed and beckoned to the seed behind her, and the seed, who was sitting on the rock, ran with a spear erected next to her. "Cheolgi* will attack first, right?" Yu Yu-yu, who took over a long-bladed spear from the running seed, spoke to Milwoo. Yuyu, who grabbed the handle wrapped in cowhide in the middle of the window, took the window close to his side. "If iron hits and they disperse like last time, infantry will push and step on it..."They've already been beaten twice, so they'll scatter on their own when they see iron." "If we don't separate on our own..."" Looking at Milwoo, who was excited and chatting, he murmured quietly.If it does not disperse, will iron defeat them? "Have you heard of Deukrae?" Like Yuyu, Milwoo, who took over the spear from the seed, asked Yuyu while applying saliva to the handle as usual. "Who? Deukrae..."I didn't hear anything. Why?" "A person came from Hwando Province yesterday."I heard Deukrae sent it, but King Taewang got angry after reading Deukrae's porridge.The messenger said that his friend Taewang starved until he heard his story. "Hungry?" "Yeah, he's crazy, isn't he? "Just starve and die!" "Why do you say that?"But he vowed with me..." "I've never had such a coward as a friend! A few years ago, after overcoming the crisis of death in the West Anpyeong fight, people changed a lot.Before that, he was a really brave friend." The sound of the ground echoed deeper and deeper as he got closer and closer. Although not completely covered, the sound of 5,000 ironware covering the horse's head, neck, and front chest in iron armor resonated more clearly than tens of thousands of drums. The seeds that ran back were wearing armor on the horse on which Yuyu and Milwoo were riding. Words that had already become familiar stood quietly in place. Clouds of ironware that came over the mountain like fast fog began to move even faster as they crossed the hill. The hill on the side of the Wei Dynasty camped out was on an urgent slope, but the ironware ran down at once without any hesitation. As the clouds of ironware went down the hill with a long tail, Yu-yu, who took over the pitch with a lot of red alcohol handed over by the seed, slowly turned the pitch upside down.  Milwoo also held the horns rising to both ends of the pitch and was wearing the pitch. "This is the end of the fight."If we go back, we'll catch a pig and drink a lot by the Biryu River."I also called the starving guy and found out," said Milwoo, tying the leather strap of the pitch stretched with his chin to his chin. Now, the ironware, which went down the hill and entered the field, was running toward the black shadow of the Wei Dynasty, which was not moving at all, becoming a lump with dust. The hoof sound of a horse coated with iron horseshoe and the metal sound of a horse armor hanging from the horse's front chest were dimly heard along with the commands and shouts of ironware occasionally. "Okay.. If you promise me that you won't make a fuss about crossing the river after drinking like last time, I'll bring out the alcohol I put in my house." "Isn't it time to forget about that? It's already been two years." "Who jumped into the frozen river in the beginning of the New Year? All the people of Hwando Province would have seen it besides me." Milwoo, who handed over a playful answer with a unique loud laugh, raised his hand with a spear up. About a hundred cavalry waiting right behind the hill began to move forward slowly. When Milwoo, who saw the cavalry approaching in harmony, turned his horse's head and began to move toward King Tae, more than a hundred cavalry followed suit and turned around. Milwoo, who was slowly moving to the place where King Tae was, and Yuyu, who was looking at the guards, were able to see the iron fleet running across the field colliding with the enemy's great war. The words and cries that resonated very faintly were covered by the yellow dust that covered the field, so they could no longer be heard. Yu Yu, who was taking a breath to calm his chest, which began to tremble lightly, began to approach the guards lined up like a barrier in front of King Tae. Above the sky, birds waiting for their prey were fighting another fight among themselves. ================================================================================== * The records of the battle between King Dongcheon and the Yujusa Temple of the Wei Dynasty and the fall of Hwando Castle appear the same in both historical records, but the year is different. In the Goguryeo book of the History of the Three Kingdoms, it was recorded in August 246, or the 20th year of King Dongcheon's reign, but Chinese librarians, including the Three Kingdoms, record that the official sword defeated Goguryeo in the 5th year of the Wei Dynasty and invaded Goguryeo again in the 6th year of the following year. The 5th and 6th years of regular admissions correspond to 244 and 245 AD. I will talk about this later. * Unlike the briefly mentioned Chinese librarian, the war records are shown in relatively detail in the Goguryeo main period. According to the records of Goguryeo, the first battle between the Wei Dynasty forces and Goguryeo forces led by the official sword was near Hwandoseong Fortress, the capital of Goguryeo at the time, and Yangmaekgok, a tributary of Yoha, is believed to be near Taejaha. The place where the third battle took place is not recorded, but it is presumed that the battle took place as the Wei Dynasty forces, which advanced to Hwando Castle, retreated due to Goguryeo's counterattack. Therefore, it would be reasonable to assume that the third battle took place on the west side of Yangmaekgok Valley, where the second battle took place, or near the border of the Wei Dynasty. * At that time, the size of the Yuan army that attacked Goguryeo was consistently recorded as 10,000 in both Chinese and Korean librarians. However, there are several questions to believe this record as it is, and this will also be described later. * In August, Yujusa Temple in the Wei Dynasty established Goguryeo along with Nakrangtaesu Yu or Yu and Sakbangtaesu Wangjun. Taking advantage of the gap, the king sent the chief Jinchung to raid and take away the residents of the outskirts of Nakrang. - This is the record of Nakrang and Daebang Taesoo attacking Goguryeo with a government sword among the records of the 13th year of King Goi's reign (246 AD) of the Three Kingdoms Period of Baekje. Nakrang and Daebang were in the southern part of Goguryeo, and if the troops were dispatched here, it is unlikely that they will join from the beginning and fight against the attacking official swords forces in the Yoha area. This record is a major record of the war situation at the time, along with the record of Buyeo before the Five Hwan Seonbi-dong of the Three Kingdoms, "When the Yujusa Government Prosecutor subdued Goguryeo and dispatched King Hyeondo to Buyeo, Wiger went to the suburbs and supplied troops." It is presumed that Buyeo cooperated with the Goguryeo attack of the above country because it recognized that Goguryeo's rigidity threatened its survival. * The eastern part, the origin of Yuyu and Milwoo, is a wealth representing defense, and the name itself is different from Nabu, which is believed to have been commonly used at that time. Therefore, some scholars say that the record of Dongbu was inserted into the later generations along with the Nambu Lion's Chaser, which was recorded in the 15th year of King Biryu's reign (32 AD), but there is a possibility that it may be another wealth existing in the wealth, that is, the queen Gyerubu. In other words, there is also a view that defense departments such as east, west, south, and north belong to the Gyerubu. It is believed that there is a good possibility that small forces existed within each wealth, such as the four influential forces of Yeonna, or Yeonnabu mentioned in the 12th year of King Goguk (190 AD).

* The iron used at this time was one of the important clues to the existence of Goguryeo's mid- to long-term soldiers. It is not known whether there was a form of fully armed mid- to long-term soldiers seen in later generations, but at least it can be seen that Goguryeo people at that time called their cavalry ironware and perceived them as different beings from general cavalry. However, it is believed that it is necessary to further examine whether the mid- to long-term diseases at this time were complete forms of mid- to long-term diseases. =======================================================================================1. Destiny or Covers... Goguryeo, known to have been founded by Jumong in Zolbon in 37 B.C., had to accept "war" as fate like other ancient conquest countries. Many scholars explain Goguryeo's continuous conquest activities in the early days due to a lack of productivity due to its barren surroundings, while others think it is a desire for lost land, as it comes from the meaning of "Damul." Some believe that Goguryeo people, who believed themselves to be descendants of heaven, conquered to enhance their dignity, as shown in King Gwanggaetotae's inscription. Whether or not to explain Goguryeo's continued conquest of the outside world - or all - those who believed themselves to be Goguryeo people had to accept war whether they wanted or not. For some, it was an irresistible fate, and for others, it would have been a stumbling block to avoid. The Goguryeo people's struggle to overcome the barren natural environment became remarkably huge in King Taejo's era after the attack on Buyeo during the reign of King Daemusin after conquering the surrounding small countries. Starting with the attack on Liaodong 6-hyeon in 55 AD (105 AD), King Taejo attacked Hyeondo-gun and Glamorous with Yemaek in June 66 AD (118 AD), especially in 69 AD (121 AD), defeating Punghwan's troops of Yujusa Temple, and killing or capturing more than 2,000 people again. In this fight, Chaepoong, who was fighting against Goguryeo forces, was devastated with his subordinates. However, Goguryeo's fluctuating attacks that continued in the winter and next year are said to have defeated Goguryeo forces in partnership with the Han Dynasty by Buyeo, which was wary of Goguryeo's rapid expansion of power. Goguryeo's attack, which had been paused for a while, resumed in August (146, AD) when Goguryeo troops attacked Seoanpyeong, killed the Great Bang, and captured the wife-in-law of Nakrangtaesu. Except in the presence of political turmoil inside Goguryeo, Goguryeo constantly attacked the fluctuating regions. These active attacks were intended to prevent the invasion of Chinese forces and to reduce the risk of being attacked on both sides at the same time by breaking the link between falling and opposing* existing south of the border. In particular, at the end of the seoanpyeong region is located in the Yalu River region referred to by Goguryeo and enormous strategic value to both Chinese forces of the 244 and 246 years where the outbreak of the main cause of the battles that took place. In fact, 244 and 246 * ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ its Guanqiu Jian Koguryo was a wandering in the war of the Wei and Goguryeo Kingdom, which took place in addition to an army led by Daebang Taesu ran a military offensive, Nangnang received at the same time. Two frontal war in ancient times and never should be avoided in modern times when you can can do it. * * * * * * * 『 geonan annual (A.D. 220 years to 196) Gongsun Kang on the Daebang, as in a desolate place ... in the south of the dunyuyeon(less than the rest omitted) of Confucian followers in Weishu Wuhuan the Wheezie dongi 』 dongi the KEPCO 中 of Goguryeo. ... two +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++King Taejo who was the blood and overcome the death is Goguryeo in 1994 of the last attack seoanpyeong the silence again. Sindae of Goguryeo that is accession to the throne after King Taejo who was the political position is extremely insecure and AD 165 years, 20 years, in fact, reign, Myeongnim Dap-bu of yeonnabu and killed by the coup. That took place in the late 2nd century Emperor of China, too, Goguryeo area adjacent to the fluctuations and thrown into confusion with the start of the column in the hwanggeonjeok of independent civil government. Oscillating and Goguryeo gongsonssi the Goguryeo in the early days of influence. * close enough to send reinforcements, but soon turn into enemies and thereafter. The detailed record of not remaining, but is Goguryeo in the south of Nangnang and on the Daebang forces gongsonssi to because they did not give up its influence. Although it does not remain in the History of the Three Kingdoms, there is a record in Chinese history such as Yangseo that the Gongson River attacked Goguryeo and defeated it, and it sought an opportunity to expand its influence on Goguryeo by using the confusion of the throne that took place after King Gogukcheon's death. For acidic, Koguryo helped pressure from the defense forces to gradually aggravated gongsonssi hwandoseong to build a castle in a key point of defense and moving the capital. Born in a time of the generous, fluctuation of the three kingdoms : Goguryo, Baekje was established in the central districts, gradually to face crisis forces gongsonssi. Equidistant diplomacy with his forces from the state of Wu in the south and an adjacent Wei gongsonssi forces that are will be a full-scale invasion on the right to maintain stability. The Clerk of the 238 taebu, Sima Yi, led by 40,000 people and rattled, or of the Dongcheon of Goguryeo king is also a master and housewives are led by the troops with more than one thousand yangpyeongseong to take part in combat. Goguryeo's standpoint, the adjacent enemy forces, gongsonssi, destroy the forces located in the same time, located in Nangnang Daebang and of the south go, for the influence of the seoanpyeong sure knows how to. However, Goguryeo encountered the border with Wi, a stronger country, instead of Gongson's power, and failed to secure the desired West Anpyeong, Nakrang, and Daebang areas. Regarding the cause of the war at that time, librarian records consistently show the perception that it was a counterattack by China against looting and invasion of neighboring countries. However, Goguryeo during this period was not early Goguryeo, and it is believed that Goguryeo's continued attempts to advance into Liaodong and secure Seoanpyeong cannot be explained simply by looting and attacking. If the main purpose of the war during the previous period was simple looting, territorial security, and expansion of power, the war between Goguryeo and the Wei Dynasty, which took place after the disappearance of the Gongson clan, is a huge war over the leadership of East Asia. The two countries began to engage in armed conflict in earnest in the 12th year of King Dongcheon (238 AD) after King Dongcheon attacked Gongsonyeon of the Wei Dynasty and King Dongcheon sent over a thousand troops to destroy Gongson. One question raised here is why Goguryeo cooperated in destroying the buffer area called Gongson. Considering the series of incidents and conflicts that took place after the extinction of Gongson's forces, Goguryeo is likely to have demanded sovereignty over the West Anpyeong region, fallout, and counterparts in return for the cooperative attack, and the above country agreed. However, after the subjugation of Gongson's forces, the Wei Dynasty rather sent soldiers on board to take over the fall and Daebang Station, and it seems that they did not back down in the West Anpyeong area. In Gyeongchojung (237-239 AD)*, the proposition secretly dispatched Daebang Taesu Yuheun and Nakrangtaesu Seonwoosa to conquer the two counties across the sea, and then handed over the Eupgun and Eupjang to several believers in Korea.』 As explained in the footnote above during the reign of King Taejo, Buyeo had already been wary of Goguryeo's expansion of power, so Goguryeo faced hostile forces in the east, north, and south, and Goguryeo began to mobilize military force to overcome this situation. In the 16th year (242nd AD), the king sent a general to break the fluctuation Seoanpyeong.』 In the war records of the Three Kingdoms Sagi, which were examined earlier in the episode of King Dongcheon of Goguryeo, there was a brief mention of Goguryeo's attack on the West Anpyeong at the end. In short, Goguryeo's attack on the west coast is seen as the cause of the war between Goguryeo and the Wei Dynasty. Why did Goguryeo try to secure peace in the West? ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ * In the 5th year (169), the king sent a master Wooger and a housewife lover to have military service and helped the current Do Taesu Gong Sondo to conquer Busanjeok. 』 Among the Three Kingdoms Sagi Goguryeo Bongi Sindaewang Episode * Geonannyeonnyeon (169-220 AD), Gongson River defeated Goguryeo and burned down the village. Among the Goguryeo episodes before Oh Hwan-seon Bidong in the Three Kingdoms...The same record remains in Yangseo. * In 179 A.D., during the rebellion of King Sansang's penile, Gong Son-do sent troops to the penile. It is judged that the purpose of Gongson-do was to expand its influence on Goguryeo after putting the promoter on the throne. * The war that took place during this period was not just a war between the Yujusa Temple of the Wei Dynasty and King Dongcheon of Goguryeo. Buyeo promised to provide military supplies to the official swords, and apart from the official swords, Nakrang and Daebangtaesu led the army and attacked the south of Goguryeo. The goal of the attack is judged to be Goguryeo's Hwando Castle or Dongye who was subjugated to Goguryeo. In addition to the records of the History of the Three Kingdoms, there is a record in KEPCO of the Three Kingdoms that Han's Shinji attacked Daebang over the misunderstanding surrounding the incorporation of the fall of the Jinpalguk, and Han collapsed. This record shows that Baekje was deeply involved in this war, along with a record that Baekje's site insect, which appeared in the Baekje Bongi Goiwang episode of the Three Kingdoms Period, attacked Nakrang. In other words, it would be reasonable to view this war as a kind of international war involving Buyeo, Nakrang, Daebanggun, and Baekje, except for Goguryeo and the Wei Dynasty. * It is presumed that it was in 238 when the battle between the Wei Dynasty and the Gongson clan was taking place.

Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 3. The suffering of the Goryeo Revolution Army.(2)

 The Goryeo Revolutionary Military Justice Council went to Cheetah and met Rapin, the commander-in-chief of the Wondong government, and received a commitment to guarantee and sponsor the activities of independent forces in Noryeong. Material support was secured through docomintern. However, in 1921, Japan obtained information from the old age that independent forces were eager to secure weapons and conduct military training, and pressured the Wondong government to dismantle these armed groups. After the success of the Soviet Revolution, the Wondong government, which needed to maintain diplomatic friendly relations with Japan, eventually decided to move the independent forces after the free city disaster and notified them of their movement by Ilksk. The Goryeo Revolutionary Military Justice Council offered conditions to the independent military leaders of Manchuria to move to Ilksk, arm themselves again, and further support the construction of military schools to foster military talent. Accordingly, the leaders of the Manchurian Independence Army decided to concentrate on fostering troops, which would be a period of the anti-Japanese independence war, in Ilksk until the opportunity matured, and moved 1,745 independent troops to Ilkskk on August 5. This force was organized into one brigade and entered the unit under the jurisdiction of the 5th Soviet Corps. On October 28, the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy was established in the brigade, and Ji Cheong-cheon was inaugurated as the principal, Chae-young as the first company commander, Kim Seung-bin as the second company commander, Kim Seung-cheon, Chae-young, and Kim Seung-bin as the instructor, and Lee Ji-ho as the principal. Lee Ji-taek, who also served as a member of the 1st Company's military government committee at the time, recalled Ji Cheong-cheon's appearance at the inauguration ceremony of the principal of the Korea Revolutionary Military Academy as follows. "On a snowy day in November, Ji Cheong-cheon's inauguration ceremony was held. When I was appointed as a military government member of the 1st Company of the Military Academy and was with Chaeyoung, the commander of the company, or on the day of Ji's inauguration speech, it snowed too much and ended briefly. Principal Ji, a graduate of the Japanese Military Academy, gave a stuttering speech one after another, holding back Japanese from trying to pop out of his mouth, but stuttering and speaking one by one seemed rather dignified as a soldier." The military academy had about 200 cadets and six months of training. In addition to the establishment of a military school, Ji Cheongcheon organized a specialized military department within the military school to cultivate military talent in each specialized field. Thus, in early November, the artillery department and the liaison department were established, and a series of cavalry, infantry, medical officers and nurses, liaison units, weapons manufacturing apprentices, and music colleges were established to spur professional training. The Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy was a military school established to cultivate competent military talents to liberate their homeland through the Battle against Japan. Therefore, Jicheongcheon emphasized the promotion of the national spirit toward cadets and emphasized 50% of the school subjects on national history education. The training conditions at that time were the worst. First of all, the cold in Siberia bothered the independent forces, and moreover, Russia's famine, which reached its peak, even messed up the food supply. In many cases, barley tea boiled twice a day or a bowl of porridge was served. A number of cadets collapsed during training due to malnutrition. However, under the guidance of Ji Cheong-cheon, the cadets of the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy armed their mental strength and devoted themselves to military training while overcoming these difficulties. He overcame all kinds of difficulties with the desire to become an unknown warrior who made his country independent in the upcoming large-scale anti-Japanese war. Independent military officials such as Hong Beom-do, Choreography, Hwang Ha-il, and Ji Cheong-cheon, who were stationed in Ilksk, and soldiers of the Independent Army had high expectations for military education at the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy. If many military personnel were cultured through long-term education, it was their hope to go to Manchuria with weapons and start a war of independence. However, the objective situation was developing unfavorably. First of all, as the Soviet Union and Japan approached diplomaticly, the attitude of the Soviet authorities began to change. At that time, the Lenin regime attempted a diplomatic compromise with the Japanese side with the government of the Far East to conclude friendly negotiations between the two countries with the aim of complete withdrawal of Japanese troops in Siberia. However, the negotiations of Daeryeon broke down because Japan strongly insisted on disarming the Goryeo Revolutionary Corps stationed in Ilksk. Afterwards, the Soviet Union changed its conventional policy to decide on the movement of the Ilksk Goryeo Revolutionary Corps and negotiated again in Tianjin to succeed. Accordingly, there has been a rich theory in the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy that it will return to the Far East Republic in the near future. However, the most problematic thing was the confrontation between the nationalist position that existed in the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy and the communist position influenced by the Soviet Union. At that time, Koreans who were in old age tried to smoothly carry out the independence movement with the support of communism or the elderly farming government. Therefore, communism itself was not an end, but a means of providing favorable conditions for independence of Joseon. In the case of Koreans advocating communism, the nationalist position was emphasized, but the intensity of nationalism was stronger for the Manchurian independent army, which was not advocating communism but was in a nationalist position. Therefore, due to the ideology of education, it may have been natural to confront the Soviet Union's coercion to insist on Bolshevikization first. In May 1922, under these internal conflicts, an incident occurred in which military school cadets tried to escape, and Ji Cheong-cheon was arrested by the 5th Corps' Political Security Department. Here, after suffering from the enemy forces, he was released once under the guarantee of Brigade General Oh Ha-mook, but six students were arrested in connection with the escape plan case. Ji Cheong-cheon was no longer able to neglect the Bolshevikization of the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy, so he protested to the leaders of the 5th Corps and was arrested along with instructors such as Chaeyoung and Oh Kwang-sun. The actions of the enemy authorities soon led to strong protests from the old independence movement, and the 5th Army Corps released some instructors, including Oh Kwang-seon, to cover them up, but did not release Ji Cheong-cheon, the principal. Jicheongcheon Stream lived a prison sentence without a promise of release with a weak and hungry body due to the lack of water and food in a dark prison. While preparing for the end, Ji Cheong-cheon left the following will. "When I warn Japan and each country, the truth is immortal, so justice wins and injustice perishes. 20 million compatriots, Joseon, without righteous people, wanders in the dead, so please be the one who protects the strong mountains of your country, as Seongson, who was born as a bloodline of Dangun, is a brother, sister, and compatriot. Revolutionary soldiers, thank you for working hard for your country in the harsh Arctic cold snow zone.

Be a martyr for your country until the end." Meanwhile, Oh Kwang-sun escaped to Manchuria at late night, explained the situation of Ilksk to leaders of the independence movement in Manchuria and Shanghai, and asked for quick action. In this urgent report, Shanghai's Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea wrote this fact in the independent newspaper and made various diplomatic efforts. Accordingly, Lenin notified the Chata government to release Ji Cheong-cheon unconditionally in accordance with international law that foreign revolutionary activists cannot be executed recklessly. In this way, Ji Cheong-cheon was released in extremely poor health due to long imprisonment. When the Soviet authorities, which were under Japanese pressure, moved the Goryeo Revolutionary Corps to the Wondong area and transferred British-run gold mines to the Goryeo Revolutionary Corps to maintain military power while procuring supplies on their own, the corps began transporting them to the northern part of Cheetah on August 15, 1922. At this time, about 70 of the officers and soldiers were selected and sent to Moscow to study, and about 500 soldiers over the age of 40 were discharged from the military and went to their desired places. Thus, the greatly reduced Goryeo Revolutionary Corps was reorganized into the Goryeo Special Regiment. In the process, Jicheongcheon Stream broke up with Hong Beom-do. Hong Beom-do retired from the military gate after he was old enough to serve as an active soldier. Among the Goryeo Revolutionary Army scattered throughout the country, Jicheongcheon Stream stayed with Hong Beom-do until the end and was sent off by Hong Beom-do to lead the unit and move to Wondong area. General Hong Beom-do was the most active leader of the independence army in Korea to establish a brilliant major, and in 1920, he established the highest training in the Cheongsan-ri Battle.  As a senior to the anti-Japanese struggle, Ji Cheong-cheon respected Hong Beom-do's determination and spirit of sacrifice, and Hong Beom-do also liked Ji Cheong-cheon, who stood on the front of the independence movement with modern military knowledge, as a humble and optimistic person. It is said that Hong Beom-do thanked him for training independent forces and training military officers in old age while seeing off Ji Cheong-cheon, and continued to ask for the unity of the independence movement camp as a comrade. Jicheongcheon Stream led the unit and moved north of Cheetah and arrived at its destination before the end of October. In addition, he devoted himself to securing military funds necessary to carry out a massive anti-Japanese war here. Meanwhile, Shanghai, where the provisional government is located, planned to hold a National Representative Meeting with the aim of gathering the capabilities of the entire nation and requesting the participation of the National Representative to the independence movement camps in Korea, Noryeong, and Manchuria. Thus, Ji Cheong-cheon was appointed as the representative of the special regiment of the Goryeo Revolutionary Army in the old age and attended this meeting. In addition, about 100 graduates of the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy were moved to Sowangryeong, an area close to Manchuria, to secure an advantageous base for future military activities. After the March 1st Movement, the need for a strong military organization was enhanced through the unification of independence movement groups in Manchuria, the old age, and independence forces. In other words, it was necessary to effectively develop an anti-Japanese war by collecting the capabilities of decentralized anti-Japanese forces. For this purpose, Shin Sook and Shin Chae-ho organized the Military Unification Promotion Association to unify distributed military organizations abroad. Thus, in April 1921, representatives of 10 organizations held a military unification preparation meeting in Beijing. At this meeting, it was decided to integrate and reorganize the dispersed independent forces to prepare a total attack on Korea and deny Syngman Rhee's mandate. And he denied the Imjeong and Euijeongwon, which had been worsening due to internal division. Meanwhile, in Nammanju, administrative leaders of each other's military sentiment, such as Kim Dong-sam, Lee Tak, and Yeo Jun, held a meeting in May 1920 to point out the problems of the temporary government and demand correction. Reflecting the demands of the Beijing Military Unification Conference and the Akmok Prefecture, Shanghai was required to "reform a unified new government" on May 12, 1921, leading to the formation of the National Council. Thus, a proposal to convene a national representative meeting was passed by the Provisional Government's garden, and the 'Declaration of Preparatory Committee of the National Representative Meeting' was printed and sent on May 30. On the other hand, there is an opinion that the cause of the National Assembly was to unify the communist movement. For example, the National Assembly was held by communists for the unification movement, but the Ilksk faction of Ahn Byung-chan and Yeo Un-hyung and the Shanghai faction of Lee Deung-hwi were divided, and the Ilksk faction insisted on creation and renovation. In addition, Japan's information at the time identified the National Congress as a movement for unification of socialism and nationalism. According to this, the creator who wants to build a republic in old age is socialism, and the reformist who wants to renovate the provisional government is nationalism. These two political groups gathered to form a unified government, but the National Congress was broken down due to the confrontation between socialism and nationalism. Of course, the above explanation can be one factor explaining the background of the National Assembly. However, it should not be overlooked that there was a unified perception that independence movement leaders living in Manchuria, Shanghai, Noryeong, Beijing, the Americas, and Korea should unite their will to independence and protest against Japanese imperialism with strong force. There is also a problem in identifying the creative group as socialism and the reform group as nationalism. This is because there were many people who maintained socialist ideas within the reformists at that time and many people maintained nationalistic ideas within the creationists. The National Congress was originally scheduled to be held on September 1, but was postponed to October 10 and November 21 due to a delay in the arrival of the representatives, and then a preliminary meeting was held on December 20, 1923 and the official meeting began on January 3, 1923.

2022년 3월 8일 화요일

Japanese colonial era, didn't Korea have Noblesse Oblige?

 I'm studying in Beijing, so I sometimes talk about anti-Japanese struggles with teachers during class. Every time that happens, what comes out is mostly Kim Il-sung. Since they are young teachers, Kim Il-sung seemed to be the representative when it comes to the patriotic martyr of the Joseon Revolution before liberation. There seemed to be little known independence activists familiar to us, such as General Kim Jwa-jin and Teacher Kim Gu. (Because the subject is Chinese, the teachers may lack knowledge..) Then this semester, a very old teacher over 70 came into the class and it was very fun. It was amazing that he was a party member and didn't retire and continued to take the main course. While talking to him, I was able to hear the revolutionary learning(?) of the members of the Communist Party of China before reform and opening, and he said that he had a tremendous revolutionary learning almost in advance. It was a class reminiscent of North Korea that started the day with studying the Motaek-dong quote and ended the day with the Communist Party. Thanks to this, we were able to know unexpected revolutionary martyrs (independence activists for us). You knew Arirang's Kim San quite well. He also gave us a preview of Uiryeoldan.I was shocked because he knew better than I did. His words always end by emphasizing that the revolutions in China and Joseon were struggles by workers and farmers. It seems that it is very uncomfortable to see more and more capitalist students in South Korea these days. Korean students spend a lot of money. Anyway, let's get to the point.I expected famous people from China or Joseon as a noble, not a worker or farmer, and they listened to Joo Eun-rae as a representatively. It is said that Joo Eun-rae was a noble of the nobility. It is said that there are 3,000 servants at home, so he is from a great family. In addition, some of the early members of the Communist Party of China say that there are not many strong family members. On the other hand, in Joseon, it was not easy to find the strong family restraint among revolutionary martyrs (independence activists). Personally, as a result of looking for it out of curiosity, the first vice president, Lee Si-young, was a representative independence activist from Yangban, and it was difficult to find other than that. I could find quite a few people from small aristocrats, but it was rare for independence activists from a true noble (middle class) to be except for Lee Si-young's six brothers. What could be the reason? Was the Japanese imperial conciliatory measure very effective? Why didn't our aristocrats resist much during the colonial period? Except for anti-Japanese soldiers.At that time, most of them were soldiers from common people:)

There is no Jesus in Israel

 the relationship between Judaism and Jesus Kim Jong-chul, a documentary director, quotes from the book "There Is No Jesus in Israel,...