Empress Jahee, her last.

 Let's talk about the Seotaehureung robbery. A warlord named Son Jeon-young mobilized troops to attack Dongneung Royal Tomb, the royal tomb of Cheong. At this time, the tricks of the emperors, empress, and Bibin of all time in China were robbed, and the dead swords and remains were scattered in the underground palace. (In particular, some women were killed by eating gold, so they tore their abdomen with a knife and bent their guts.)-.;;;) I only read the parts related to Sohae-i Seo Tae-hu, but when she first opened the coffin lid, Seo Tae-hu's face was very beautiful. (Old man...)Difficulty..) But after contact with the air, it quickly disappeared, and it was said that there was mold in the hand. It is said that all of her tremendous ornaments were stolen by warlords and even the clothes with pearls and jewelry were torn off. In the meantime, a soldier accidentally touched the dead body, and at that moment, a brilliant glow shone everywhere, and this is the glow in the dark that Seo Tae-hoo put in his mouth when he died. The captain ordered me to take out the glow-in-the-dark wine, but when Lee Kwang-ju fell into his throat, he tore his mouth with a knife and pulled his tooth out. -.-(After that, he searched all the holes in his body because he thought there would be another such thing...) After that, the body almost got time by the soldiers. As I listen to this story, I think that our ancestors were really wise.

Baekje's "Toilet Culture" identified in Wanggung-ri Historic Site.

 How did the people of Baekje use toilets more than 1,300 years ago? Recently, the "backdoor culture" of the Baekje period has been gradually revealed, drawing attention. According to archaeological and folklore academia, Baekje people used semicircular "backwood" instead of paper at the time, and the excrement accumulated in the bathroom seems to have been treated by connecting it with a nearby waterway.  The ◇ Baekje people's disposal ◇ National Buyeo Cultural Heritage Research Institute began preserving and treating about 50 wooden rods that had been cherished last month. This semicircular rod, 25 to 30 centimeters long and 2 to 3 centimeters thick, is none other than a "back tree" used by Baekje people in the bathroom for toilet treatment instead of modern paper. It is a "precious" relic in Korea, where there is little research on ancient toilet culture. According to the Buyeo Cultural Heritage Research Institute, it is estimated that the people of Baekje crouched on a toilet made of wooden boards and watched "big news" and cleaned it up with backwood. And it seems that the back tree was washed with a water bottle left in the bathroom and recycled. Jeon Yong-ho, a curator at the Buyeo Cultural Heritage Research Institute, who participated in the excavation of Baekje toilet sites last year, said, "The back trees are so smooth that they will not be hurt," adding, "The back trees would have been inevitable to recycle."  When the amount of excrement accumulated in the bathroom exceeded a certain amount, the road was dug to flow out, and the road was connected to a nearby waterway. It was treated by diluting excrement in running water in the waterway. This is also confirmed by the research results of the Japanese archaeological community, where ancient toilet culture studies have been accumulated. In the ruins of Hongryogwan (the accommodation of foreign envoys such as Baekje), excavated in 1990, toilet remains and back trees were identified in the early 8th century. The ruins are similar to the recently excavated Baekje toilets in Korea. However, the back tree is not semicircular, but rectangular. Professor Kim Kwang-eon (Inha University), who wrote "The backyard of East Asia" (between folk gardens), said, "It is highly likely that the remains of the backyard of Hongnyeogwan were built by Baekje people," adding, "Japanese scholars also acknowledge that the culture of the backyard came from Baekje." ◇ Baekje Toilet Ruins = Buyeo Cultural Heritage Research Institute confirmed the toilets of the Baekje period in the excavation of the Iksan Wanggung-ri Relics (Historic Site No. 408), which was built during the 30th King Mu (600 to 641) of Baekje last year. Jeon Yong-ho, a curator, said, "In the beginning, it was estimated to be a storage warehouse or a simple waste pit. However, soil analysis in the pit confirmed parasites such as roundworms and polarites, and it is recognized as Baekje toilets." This toilet, which appeared as a square pit, is a total of three toilets. It is 3-10m long, 1.8-2.1m wide, and 1-1.4m deep. Inside the pit, wooden pillars were embedded at regular intervals along the four walls. In terms of columns, it is estimated that there was a wooden building divided into three to six compartments on the surface. Meanwhile, relics made of stone, which are believed to be toilets, were excavated at Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju, and the toilet of the king (maehwa frame) of the Joseon Dynasty remained in Changdeokgung Palace in Seoul, indicating the toilet culture of the king at that time.

Modern history is an empirical historical study.

 Based on some literature, various theories such as the Continental Goguryeo theory come out...But most of these theories come from amateur historians, not orthodox historians, honestly speaking... Those who argue this theory argue that the mainstream historical community is stained with something lame and wrong values and that they think of the real truth and think of their theories. However, there is a reason why historical circles ignore their theories...I'm not even interested in it because it's a major flaw in theory... Most of those theories have fatal weaknesses that they can't be verified...Then some might wonder if history is any science, but history is definitely a social science... In the 20th century, modern history introduced a methodology of natural science, making it the mainstream of historical studies has become the mainstream of history. Historical theory is considered one of many hypotheses, not orthodox, if there is no evidence such as artifacts to support and verify it...Ancient historical records, which are considered reliable, often reinterpret based on evidence of new reliability... ...that is, to revise the orthodox theory of the existing orthodox historical world, support the new theory and verify it by the same procedure.In other words, a solid theory with objectively verifiable archaeological evidence is controversial in the orthodox historical world along with the existing theory... ...the last time in Japan, a famous historian forged ancient artifacts...That person does that because his theory needed evidence to be recognized as orthodox in history...However, because there is no evidence, self-theory is not treated properly, so he forged the evidence on his own...Until the fraud was revealed, the Japanese professor's theory of ancient Japanese history became quite controversial in Japanese history...The reason was that it was a theory that could be demonstrated... Of course, fraud has been discovered now, and only Japanese history has been humiliated... If you turn it around, it's an event where you can see how much evidence is in modern history... It's not just a joke in mainstream history.

There was no "Three Kingdoms Unification".

 1. The manipulated "collective memory" Silla joined forces with Tang Dynasty forces to destroy Baekje in 660 and to destroy Pyongyang Castle in 668 and to end Goguryeo's resignation, establishing "Iltong Samhan" and "Samhan Integration." We often refer to this event as "three kingdoms unification," but this is the result of the contemporary concept of a nation or state built by modern and contemporary Korean history dating back 1400 and reflecting considerable problems. Incorrect terms inevitably call 'manipulation of collective memory'. History is a "collective and persistent memory shared between you and me," which leads to the "fabrication of collective memories" that Silla, Goguryeo, and Baekje were the same nation-state. Although Baekje and Goguryeo cannot be called national countries such as Silla, historical academia laid the same foundation for the map of the ancient Korean Peninsula and Manchuria established by the three kingdoms as the Korean people. These three countries clashed with each other, sometimes exchanged, and connected, and maintained vitality by nourishing 700 years of other social systems, although their relationship was closer than any other dynasty country. Given that the language is in common, the skin color is the same, or similar, the intimacy each of these three dynasties and their citizens feels toward each other may have certainly been more than that of other dynasties and their citizens. However, for that reason alone, the three kings, who have been playing separately for 700 years, cannot be called the same "ethnic." 2. We do not have the right to hold responsibility for the ancient times for why modern and contemporary forced Silla did not occupy all of Goguryeo's old land. We have no right to question why Silla brought in troops from the "two peoples" Tang Dynasty and destroyed Baekje and Goguryeo, the same "national states." Since Silla incorporated not all of Goguryeo's old land, but only part of the south of Pyongyang into its territory, it is as forced as King Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo argues that the so-called unification of the three kingdoms is "incomplete." It was Danjae Shin Chae-ho, who most fiercely advocated this insistence, who represents nationalist history. It cannot be denied that the colonial situation in Joseon at the time demanded such a monolithic history, and that it played a great role in the integration of the Korean people and promoting the spirit of independence. However, Danjae pointed out the wrong leg. This is because in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, he projected the virtual image or imaginary community of Joseon's "national" or Joseon's "national" into Silla, Goguryeo, and Baekje. In comparison, it was like taking the degree of long and short to the wrong standard. 3. "We live together, and we die when we disperse." After liberation, Danjae Private School has established itself as an unprecedented answer in North Korea. South Korea is also another variant of neo-nationalist history and intrinsic development theory that revived in the 70s under the so-called new nationalist history led by Son Jin-tae and Lee In-young, who dominated the Department of National History at Seoul National University. Look at what Son Jin-tae left right after liberation. Whatever it is, the signs of fascism emitted by the nation and the state block their noses and cover their eyes and close their mouths. Son Jin-tae says in Guksadae. "We live when we get together, and we die when we get apart." The fascist slogan of politician Rhee Syng-man is being transformed from history Son Jin-tae. Strictly speaking, there are no people in Son Jin-tae's history. There is only a symphony of the people, the state, and the people. Values such as the right to freedom suffocated by the slogan of totalism of "living together" under the banner of national revival and national development. Silla's so-called reunification of the Later Three Kingdoms, which succeeded Goguryeo because it attracted "two-ethnic troops" and destroyed its own people and achieved incomplete territorial unification, is establishing itself as a true unified country in Korean history. Trans-history is a continuous act and process that projects such a present even in the past that does not go beyond the times and space. This trans-history of the nation and state envisioned by 20th-century history called for manipulation of both collective memories, even though it was not anywhere on the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria established 1,500 years ago by the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, hyperhistory and collective memory manipulation are synonyms. The so-called unification of the Three Kingdoms by Silla was a hubby that did not exist and could not be done.

What is the purpose of the Chinese Four Great Mothers' Thought and the Pro-Japanese Colonial History?

 The biggest problem in the Korean history education community is that we ourselves reduce and disparage the history of our people by the idea of the Chinese Great Enlightenment and pro-Japanese colonialism, helping the history distortion of China and Japan, and failing to instill national pride in our youth. Rather than inspiring patriotism by being swept away by the national defeatist view that it was the history of a slave nation who had been colonized by the invasion of immigrants, it makes me feel ashamed that I was born as a Korean. The current institutional historical community in Korea, obsessed with the idea of Chinese history and pro-Japanese colonial history, denies that Korean history was older, more colorful, and grander than Chinese and Japanese history, but rather recognizes it as a historical study suitable for empirical history. Therefore, it highlights the history of Silla, the late Goryeo, and Joseon periods, which have degenerated into subordinates of the Jungwon Dynasty, rather than the ancient history of Korea, which was relatively larger and more colorful than China and Japan. The empirical history emphasized so much by institutional historical circles is actually a form of recording the history of our people more shabby and unappealing than those of China and Japan, so no country in the world reduces or disparages their own history in this way. China and Japan create and manipulate history that does not exist, but we are denying even the history that exists. The Chinese Embassy, which began to take root in Confucian logic from the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty, and the pro-Japanese colonial history established during the Japanese colonial era period made considerable efforts to cut down and dispose of the Korean people's history, and the efforts have been completely successful. Since the Japanese imperialist forces created the Korean Peninsula to prevent the colonized Korean people from recognizing the legitimacy of independence and promote defeatism and inferiority toward their own people, the historical activity of our people has been poorly reduced from the east of the Middle East to Manchuria to the Korean Peninsula. Traditional historians such as Lee Byung-do and Shin Seok-ho, who worked at the Joseon History Compilation Association organized by Japan, survived the Rhee Syngman regime's pro-Japanese group protection policy after August 15 liberation and distorted Korean history more shabby and poorly than Chinese and Japanese history. Currently, all institutional historical academia is filled with disciples of patriotic historians, so it is truly lamentable. Since ancient times, our people have been actively engaged in historical activities in the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria, Shandong Peninsula, and East Mongolia. At some point, however, a long time ago, the perception began to take place that the historical activity area of our people was only the Korean Peninsula, and that history outside the Korean Peninsula was not related to our people at all. Who in the world are the humans who made such semiconductor views a norm? For what purpose did they create this semiconductor view and solidify it into our narrow-minded way of thinking? Those who promoted defeatism in our country's history are inside, not outside. The transfer of patriotic historians, which began with Lee Byung-do and Shin Seok-ho, should end here. In order to deny that Korea's ancient history is older than that of China and Japan, hawk historians hypothesized that the Bronze Age culture of the Korean people began in the 10th century BC and imprinted this as a formal theory. In order to brainwash their perception that Korea's history is shorter than that of China and Japan, they denied the reality of Dangun Joseon, which was founded in 2333 B.C., and nailed that Dangun Joseon is a mythical processing country and only Giza Joseon and Wiman Joseon are authentic in Korean history. It cannot but be said that it is a historical recognition that supports the logic of Northeast Gongjeong, which defines Gojoseon, Goguryeo, and Balhae as the history of China's history. If Dangun Joseon is regarded as a mythical processing country, only Giza Joseon and Wiman Joseon are recognized for their historical reality, and then Gojoseon was founded and ruled by Chinese reporters and Wiman, so we have nothing to say even if Gojoseon is Chinese history. In addition, there have been discoveries that archaeologically prove that it is a mistake for institutional historical circles to seize Korean Bronze Age culture after the 10th century BC. Dolmen ruins measured around the 20th century BC were discovered during Jangchun, Jilin Province. Dolmen are found only in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula and are representative relics that inform Korea's Bronze Age culture. In addition, in the central and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula, Bronze Age residential relics measured around the 14th century BC were excavated. As such, the reality of Dangun Joseon is to be proved archaeologically, so it is time for the existing historical community, which established the 10th century BC theory of Korean Bronze Age culture to make Korean ancient history shorter than that of China and Japan, to acknowledge their mistakes. It is only a sigh before anger that strong historians in this country maintain an academic attitude that does not distinguish whether they are Koreans, Chinese or Japanese.     Hansagun, which was established by the Chinese Han Dynasty after destroying Wimanjoseon, is becoming an essential memorization course in studying history in Korea. What is the reason why Korean historians and educators emphasize and highlight the fact that a colony called Hansagun was established due to the invasion of China and that the Korean people, called the Dongi people, were ruled by China at the time? What do you want to teach growing youth studying the history of our people by emphasizing Hansagun? There are no historical books that record that Nakrang-gun and Daebang-gun of Hansa-gun were installed in the current Pyeongan-do Pyongyang and Hwanghae-do areas, respectively. According to Doksabang Yeogiyo, there is a record that Nakrang-gun was in Yeongju, Seo Yo-ha. China, which is pushing for the Northeast Command, developed from the previous Ilsa Yangyong to the North Korean Peninsula, claiming that "Guguryo history before Pyongyang is Chinese history, and Goguryeo history after Pyongyang was Korean history after 427 domesticity." We can see that Goguryeo's power reached the east of Sanseoseong through the Samguksagi, Chinese librarians such as the autonomous governor, and the inscription of the ancient graveyard of Hanamseong. However, foolish institutional historians stipulate that the western boundary of Goguryeo did not cross Yoha without any basis. Can it be said that Korean scholars are the ones who arbitrarily reduce Goguryeo's territory? According to the historical books of the Northern and Southern Dynasties period of China, it is recorded that Baekje built colonies in Shandong Province, Habuk Province, and Gangsoseong Province. In librarians such as Namjeseo, Songseo, and Yangseo, you can see the status of Baekje, which spread its power on the east coast of China. However, domestic strong historians, who define Baekje as a weak country limited to the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, say that the records of Baekje in the Middle East appear only in the history of the Southern Dynasty and do not appear in the history of the Northern Dynasty. Songseo's record that Baekje had autonomous Baekje forces in two places, Yoseo and Jinpyeong, also dismisses that Baekje did not expand its political influence by establishing colonies in Yoseo area, but simply expanded its trade activity area to the east coast of China. The terrible desire of the patriotic historians to deny the history of the Korean people in the Middle East is revealed. In Samguksagi and Namjeseo, there is a record of war in which the Northern Wei, a strong force in the Hwabuk region of China, invaded Baekje five times but lost. If Baekje's power has not expanded to the east coast of China, a decade-long war between Baekje and the Northern Wei is absolutely impossible. However, institutional historical circles argue that Goguryeo's Ogi is the northern position that invaded Baekje and was defeated. There is also a scholar who claims that the North Korean military attacked Baekje with naval forces. Do they not see the literature that 100,000 cavalry from the north fought with Baekje's equestrian corps and were annihilated to form Gangshidanya? Materials such as Goryeo Dogyeong and Chinese ancient maps Woojeokdo and Wonsajiji come with solid evidence that the northern territory of Goryeo was in the southern Manchuria area. However, Korean history textbooks distort that the northern boundary of Goryeo did not even reach the Yalu River. The location of the Great Wall of China is also incorrect. It is lying that Hamgyeongdo Island was the territory of the Yeojin people during the Goryeo Dynasty at that time. It is a tragedy created by the idea of the Chinese archipelago and the pro-Japanese colonial view to confine Korean history only into the Korean Peninsula. Someone says this. Korea's 5,000-year history has been shouted more than 900 times. A crazy hawk historian argues that he has been shouted more than 1,000 times, saying that Korean history is only 2,000 years, not 5,000 years. A peaceful nation that has never invaded another country and survived persistently despite constant cries? What's the point of this kind of history education? What do we need to study the history of our people? Who can feel national pride by emphasizing the defeatism of a nation with such a poor and ugly history? The area of historical activity of our people is not limited to the Korean Peninsula. There was clearly a history in which our people invaded other countries, took away territory, violated the sovereignty of other peoples, and colonized them. But what can we gain from it if we ignore such history and emphasize only the colonial rule of China's subordinate country and Japanese colonial rule? This is not national supremacy. It does not mean that we should overpackage history that does not exist like China or Japan. In other words, why can't we keep our own history and dispose of it on our own? Why is Korean history smaller than Chinese and Japanese history, and is it normal when it is shabby and unappealing?

Do you hope that this country, Korea, will continue to be a puppet that moves as China and Japan want? Why is it that only Korea is doing historical research and historical records that lack national identity? It's such a pity.

"Park JaeGa". It's the preface to North Korean studies.

 Bukhakui is an article written by Park JaeGa after visiting the Qing Dynasty. It is not good to unconditionally disparage the past culture, but it is not good to worship without grounds due to excessive expression. In any case, in this article written in the late 18th century, the main content is the comparison of culture between Korea and the Qing Dynasty. The preface to this book was written by Park Jae-Ga's very close friend Park Ji-won. The contrast between the original text and the translated version was omitted because Sohae was just viewed for fun. If you are bored, please read the writings of Joseon Dynasty writers (there are many translated versions) and you will feel that they are not boring people who have always been looking for humanity. In particular, I recommend Park Jaega, Lee Deok-moo, Park Ji-won, and Lee Gyu-bo's writings. There is no other way to study. If you don't know anything, you'd better catch the person on the street and ask. Even if you are a servant, it is the right thing to learn from him if you know more letters than me. If you are ashamed of not being like others and do not ask someone better than you, it becomes like locking yourself in the bondage of frustration and ignorance for the rest of your life. Since Korean scholars are born in a corner of the world, they are naturally biased. (It may seem funny at this time, but it is a convincing argument at the time) Balo has never stepped on Chinese soil, and then has no chance to leave the country's territory until he dies. The summary example says that it should be rather tacky and only thinks that dirty is frugal. The so-called private citizens of private, agricultural, and industrial enterprise only remain in name, and the financial resources to be used are becoming increasingly scarce. This is a phenomenon that occurs because they do not know the intention of learning. If I try to study in the future, I wonder what I will do without learning China. In this regard, the literati considers the old system of China dirty, saying, "It is embarrassing to learn because it is the orangkadeul that dominates Zimmeung China." In other words, in order for the law to be good and the system to be beautiful, no matter how orang you are, you must truly be a teacher. Moreover, is it because the old laws of Songmyeong per party still remain since the three generations (Ha, Sang, Ju) of the large scale, wideness, greatness, grandness of all productions, and brilliantness of sentences? If you compare mine with them, it's true, but you pretend to be the most human in the world with a handful of topknots, blame them for fishy and targeting their mountains and sheep, and ignore China's own good and beautiful system at the same time. It's simple, but you can't tell others one by one, and even if you say it, people won't believe it. Therefore, what they do not believe means that they hate us, so it tells us that the hate temperament is biased, and the beginning of the mind not to believe it lies in blaming the Chinese mountains and streams.

A new fact that I didn't know about Alsace Loren.

 Alsace Lauren, like our Gando, is famous for being the product of the German-French border dispute, but immediately after the Napoleon War, she chose France in the referendum. France also had its own reasons............ I thought it was over the top of Alphonse Dodemann. It has already been 150 years since it was merged with France in 1815, and above all, it is evidence that democratic France (election will be held after the French Revolution). Of course, it's only an election for the rich, but the Alsace-Rrens seem to have gone away. Napoleon was also an Italian of Corsica and had a father and family devoted to the Corsica independence movement, but he was a passionate French patriot after the revolution. How Orancae admires China's splendid culture. Of course, the economic difference between France and Germany at the time was also cut off. After the end of the 19th century, when Germany caught up with France, Alsace-Rorenz probably changed their minds. In the early 20th century, Dr. Sivaizhe, Alsace, also regarded himself as German, and so did the 1936 Zar referendum. After the World War, when France belonged, it probably didn't do a referendum............... And this time it was not just for the rich, but for the entire referendum. Still, I'm glad that Alphonse Dode's novel "The Last Class" doesn't seem to be a lie. k. Everyone would have written a red line in high school Korean class and explained the teacher, but read it again. The story of the Bo-bul War in 1871. 

In fact, he faked Alphonse Dode's novel Star.In all the novels, there are posts and ripples of the Gapasan Sea of the European Gal. Don't get up. As Mount Gapa said, the event that determined the identity of the people in the Alsace Lauren region was the French Revolution. There were several important events at the time, one of which was generals from Alsace Lauren who were active under Napoleon. There were many soldiers from the border region, some of whom became famous in the European War as generals under Napoleon, which increases the pride of the Alsace Lauren local people. This later becomes one of the very important factors for the Alsace Lauren people to choose France. Alsace Lauren's border is restored to its original state due to the revolutionary war as Napoleon went through secret talks after losing. In the process, the Alsace Lauren problem arises, of course, because it was incorporated into the French territory by Louis XIV, but it is a problem because it was historically the Duke of Lauren who devoted his loyalty to the Holy Roman Empire. Of course, the Germanic people are the mainstream, but because Duke Lauren was French here, subtle problems arise. At this time, a referendum is held, and as a result of the referendum, there is a vote attributable to France. Of course, the right to vote at the time was only in the Burjois civic class, and they chose a free country where civil liberties were widely guaranteed, not Germany, which was under a gloomy feudal system.  It was Ditrich, Mayor of Strasbourg, who commissioned Leo La Marseisez to compose.That song became popular in Marseille and changed into a country.Zar, Germany's westernmost border region, also voted for regional attribution in the 1930s, when 98% chose fascist Germany. Old boy, hmm. So cool. Thank you. Well, you found out something new. Somehow... Germany, which lost the 30-year war in 1648, lost Alsace Lauren to France (Louis XIII), and Bismarck lost to Germany again in the 1871 Bovul War, and to France again in 1918. I knew this, but it was probably because Germany's representative Prussia and Austria, which were divided due to lack of border changes even though France was a defeated country at the time, were powerless. It's not that, but just as the northern people chose China, the Germans of Alsace chose the developed France. There must have been no discrimination. 211.227 I'm going to upload Alphonse Dodet's novel "Last Class" that I found on the Internet. If you read it for the first time in a while, it will help you watch the Alsace travel.                                                                        On the morning of the last class, I was very late for school. In addition, teacher Amel said she would ask me about learning, but I didn't study at all. So, I was very scared to think about the scolding I was going to hear. Suddenly, I thought I would rather be absent from school and shoot around. The weather was very clear and warm. In the forest, you can hear the crowing of a dog poop, and in the reefer ranch behind the sawmill, you can hear Prussian soldiers being trained. All of this attracted my heart more than I learned to speak. But I pressed that heart and ran toward school. As I passed in front of the Myeon office, I saw people gathering around the wooden bulletin board. News of bad news has been posted here over the past two years, whether it is defeat, imprisonment, or an order from the command. 'What else happened?' I thought that while running. As I was walking across the square, the blacksmith, who stood there with a worker and looked at the bulletin board, shouted at me. "There's no rush, my dear. It's not too late to go now!" I thought the blacksmith was teasing me. I ran out of breath and ran into the small yard of the school. Usually, at the beginning of the class, the sound of opening and closing the desk drawer, the sound of covering the ears and reading a book loudly, and the sound of the teacher's sticks tapping the desk mixed together and came all the way. I was about to sneak into my seat and sit in this noisy space. But that day was as quiet as Sunday morning. I went back and forth between the desks with the scary sticks on my sides with my friends already sitting in place through the open window.I saw teacher Amel doing that. I don't know how hot my face was and how nervous my heart was. But unexpectedly, teacher Amel didn't get angry even when he saw me and spoke in a very soft voice. "Franz, go and sit in your seat. I almost started class without you." I quickly jumped over the stool and sat in my seat. When I calmed down, I realized that the teacher was wearing a wrinkled chest ornament on a green frock coat worn only on the day the scholars looked around the class or when giving a certificate, and an embroidered black silk hat. Furthermore, the atmosphere of the classroom felt solemn, unlike usual. What was even more surprising was that the villagers sat quietly like students in the chairs inside the classroom, which had always been empty. There were old man Oh Je with a triangular hat in his hand, an old head of myeon, a mailman, and many others. People were consistently making sad faces. Inspiration Ohje sat on his lap with a French book with its edges tattered because it was too old, and glasses were placed on it. While I was looking around in amazement at this appearance, teacher Amel went up to the church. Then he spoke in a soft and solemn voice. "Everyone, this is the last class with you. Schools in Alsace and Lauren were ordered from Berlin to teach only German. A new teacher will come tomorrow. Today is the last day of your French class. Everyone, please take the class hard." I was distracted as if I had been beaten in the back of my head by the teacher's brief words. "Ah, guys to kill!" This is what was attached to the Myeon office. My last French class! I don't even know how to write it properly, but now I won't have a chance to learn French again!" I regretted skipping my previous class and looking for a new house or spending my time in vain by the Jar River. My books, which I was sick and tired of just a while ago, and Bible now felt like a friend I don't want to break up with. It was the same for Amel teacher. Thinking that I had to break up with my teacher and that I could never meet him again, I forgot all the things I was punished or beaten with a stick. Poor teacher! The teacher dressed in suits for this last class. I finally knew why the people in the neighborhood were sitting in the back of the classroom. They are also to thank the teacher who has been working hard to teach us for 40 years and to pay tribute to our country that is leaving us. When I was thinking about this, the teacher suddenly called my name. It was my turn to memorize it. I thought I could do anything at this moment if I could memorize that difficult word aloud and clearly without making a mistake. However, I was blocked from the first bar, so I couldn't raise my head because I was ashamed and sorry. I was standing there shaking my body. Teacher Amel spoke slowly. "Franz, I won't scold you. You've already been punished enough.…. People say this. There's no rush. We can do it tomorrow. As a result, this is what happens as you see it now. Oh! It was our Alsace's great misfortune to always postpone education to tomorrow. Prussian people are saying, "What?" You guys are French and you can't write or read French!" But we have nothing to say. But, Franz. We all have to reflect on ourselves and realize. Your parents weren't so enthusiastic about education. I wanted you to work in a field or factory to make a few pennies. Of course, I have something to reflect on myself.

Instead of making you study, I asked you to water my yard, and if you wanted to fish sweetfish, you didn't have classes.…." And teacher Amel talked about French. French is the most beautiful, clear, and expressive word in the world. So we should keep it well and don't forget it. Because even if a nation becomes a colony of others, if you keep your words well, it's like holding the key to the prison.…. That's what he said. Then the teacher started reading with a grammar book. I was surprised to understand so easily. Every single thing you said felt very easy. I've never heard it this hard before. In addition, the teacher explained step by step to make it easier to understand. It seemed to teach us everything we knew before this poor teacher left. When I finished learning how to speak, it was time to write. Teacher Amel has prepared a special handwriting for everyone. It said "France Alsace, France Alsace." They looked like small flags hanging from our desks and fluttering through the classroom. Everyone is so quiet that they can't hear a breath of how hard work. You can only hear the sound of a pen scratching on the paper. Even though a beetle flew in through the window, no one paid attention to it. Even the youngest children were devoted to drawing lines on the paper. On the roof of the school, some pigeons are crying "googoogoogoo". I thought this while listening to the sound. 'Now I might ask that pigeon to cry in German!' Sometimes I took my eyes off the textbook and looked up, and teacher Amel stood still on the church. I was staring at everything as if I were looking at this small school. No wonder, for the past 40 years, teachers have always been in this classroom overlooking the courtyard. The chairs and desks were worn out and shiny on the children's hips, the walnut trees in the yard grew big, and the hops they planted covered the windows and stretched up to the roof. How heartbreaking is it to have to break up with all this? How painful must the teacher be to hear her sister's footsteps while packing up on the second floor? The teacher leaves tomorrow and part ways with this village forever. Still, the teacher had a mind to continue the class until the end. After writing time, it was history time. Then the children practiced pronunciation with their voices. In the back of the classroom, old man Oh Je was reading each letter with us with his glasses on, holding the textbook in both hands. His voice trembled with emotion because he was reading very hard. And the way we read it was so ridiculous that we didn't know whether to laugh or cry. Oh! I will never forget this last class. At that time, the church's big clock announced noon. Subsequently, three bells rang to announce the prayer. It is the bell of the cathedral that rings three times at 6 a.m., noon, and 6 p.m. to announce prayer time. At the same time, the trumpet sound of Prussian soldiers returning from training rang under the window. Teacher Amel's face turned blue and jumped up from the chair. Until now, the teacher has never looked this big. "Everyone!" said the teacher. "Everyone... I..."… I......" But something blocked the teacher's throat, so I couldn't talk anymore. The teacher turned toward the blackboard, picked up the chalk, and wrote it in big letters as much as possible. "Hooray for France!"』 And he didn't move while leaning his head against the wall. He beckoned to us.