Vandalism.

 Vandalism (English: Vandalism, French: Vandalism) or act of damaging culture, art, and public facilities, or such a trend.

Examples include the destruction of historical sites by IS, the destruction of Baemian stone Buddha, and the expression vandalism is used to refer to scribbles of facilities or destruction of public facilities.

It is a French word derived from the fact that Vandal Ethnic, which established a kingdom in Africa during the great migration of European people in the early 5th century, was mistakenly known as a nation that repeatedly looted and destroyed from the Mediterranean coast to Rome.

The word vandalism itself implies vandalism. Because when Vandal Ethnic was moving, the leader (or major tribe) had already accepted Roman culture and recognized the excellence of Roman culture, and for that reason, very few acts of destruction were done. Rather, Roman culture and art were more destroyed by slaves, poor people, later artists, and ordinary people in Rome at the end of the Roman Empire. If you tried to imitate the ancient Greek style during the Renaissance, the easiest way was to take a pillar from an old building in Rome and touch it a little. In other words, it was the Romans themselves who destroyed the old Rome to create a "new Rome." Of course, some artists (e.g., Michelangelo) criticized such acts, but most of them were ignored.

In this way, the word containing vandalism has Gothic, which has become the etymology of Gothic art. This means "gothic" or "gothic," meaning that it is uncultivated, barbaric, and vulgar. This contains the meaning of contempt that the Gots did, but like Vandal Ethnic, the Gots recognized the excellence of Roman culture and art and sought to harmonize their culture and Roman culture.

[Vandal Ethnic]

Vandal Ethnic (-,, Vandals) was a group of Germans who invaded the Roman Empire in the 5th century and built a nation around Carthage in North Africa. Odoaker, who deposed Emperor Romulus Augustulus, the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is known to be from Vandal Ethnic.

[A great shift of satisfaction]

Vandal Ethnic was mostly converted to Arian Christianity at the time. In 406, Vandal Ethnic crossed the Donau River without much difficulty and was pushed to Pannonia, and was resisted by the Franks, who had already been Romanized in northern Gallia in the Rhine River basin. 20,000 Vandal Ethnic died in battle, but when the Rhine River froze that winter, Vandal Ethnic crossed the Rhine River in large numbers, devastated Gallia southward, and was pushed to Akiten.

In 409, Vandal Ethnic continued to travel south and crossed the Pyrenees into Hispania. As he fought against the Föderati tribe of the Roman Empire, which had already settled in Hispania, Vandal Ethnic gradually expanded its scope and eventually surrendered and settled the Allans. Gajurik, the chief of Vandal Ethnic, obtained the position of king of the Allan people. Vandal Ethnic, settled in Hispania, transformed into a pirate like a Viking and advanced to North Africa.

[Vandal Kingdom in North Africa]

In 429, Gaiserik, the younger brother and successor of Gaurik, organized a fleet, led about 80,000 Vandal Ethnic and crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to invade North Africa. Vandal Ethnic besieged the North African city of Hippo Regius, fought a 14-month siege, and eventually captured it. At this time, St. Augustine was also staging a sit-in in the Hippo Regius castle, and he prayed hard to save him from the Arius sects, but eventually died in the castle just before he fell. In North Africa, Vandal Ethnic signed a peace agreement with Rome in 435 to form an alliance, but Gaiserik soon broke the alliance and established Vandal Kingdom as the capital of Carthage in 439. For the next 35 years, Gaiserik's Vandal Kingdom organized a large-scale ship and invaded and occupied the territory of the Roman Empire on the Mediterranean coast one after another.

Rome had been committed to the invasion of the Huns, and when Attila died, it managed to take measures against Vandal Ethnic. Valentinian III tried to appease Vandal Ethnic with the marriage of his daughter and Gaiserik's son, but negotiations between the two sides were broken when Petronius Maximus killed Valentinian and became emperor, and in 455, Vandal Ethnic invaded Rome. At this time, Pope Leo I is said to have helped minimize Rome's looting by negotiating with Geisseric, but it is not clear. Vandal Ethnic's invasion of Rome itself was a tremendous shock to the Romans, so the term vandalism was coined, but in fact, massacres and destruction did not take place, and Vandal Ethnic systematically carried Roman wealth by ship to North Africa.

By 462, Vandal Kingdom of Africa had grown into a powerful kingdom that dominated all of North Africa and various islands in the Mediterranean Sea, including Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. However, unlike other European Germanic kingdoms, they did not fully integrate with the governed peoples and suppressed them religious and racial, so they eventually collapsed without long duration. Vandal Ethnic, an Ariusist, suppressed Catholicism.

When Gaiserik, the leader of the great Vandal Ethnic, died in 477, his son Hunnerik succeeded to the throne, and Hunnerik severely persecuted the Catholic Church and Manichyo at the end of the reign. The half-moon kingdom gradually declined from the death of Gaiserik and lost most of Sicily to the East Goths. Hunnerik's son, Hilderik, declared religious freedom, was friendly to Catholicism, and implemented pro-Roman policies to achieve peace with the Byzantine Empire. However, in 533, when Gellimer ousted Hilderik and usurped the throne, Byzantine emperor Justinian I declared war with Vandal Kingdom and invaded North Africa under Belisarius' command. Belisarius was resisted by the Vandal army, but eventually captured Carthage and conquered even Hipporegius, the second city of Vandal Kingdom, in 534. Gelimer eventually surrendered to the Byzantine army, and the half-moon kingdom collapsed. Rome again ruled this area and revived the Catholic Church.

Modern Japanese are descendants of migrants who crossed from the Korean Peninsula around 400 BC.

 Japanese people do not want to admit that the current Japanese are descendants of migrants from Korea. However, it is interesting that an American physiologist made this argument.

He is Jared Diamond, a professor at California State University (UCLA), the author of Guns, Germs, and Steel, who has also become a bestseller in Korea. In a separate paper, "Where are the Japanese from?" he argued, "The current Japanese are descendants of migrants from the Korean Peninsula, and the current Japanese language is rooted in Goguryeo and Baekje."

 

Summarize Professor Diamond's argument.

▲ Professor Jared Diamond.

The current Japanese are descendants of migrants from the Korean Peninsula around 400 BC. Migrants farming rice replaced the Ainu, the natives of the archipelago. It is a similar process as the Anglo-Saxons moved from mainland Europe to England around the 6th century and became British today.

Prior to the 19th century, the current Japanese lived mainly in Kyushu, Shikoku, and Honshu, and the Ainu lived in Hokkaido and northern Honshu for hunting. The Japanese are similar in appearance to northern China, eastern Siberia, and especially Koreans. In contrast, the Ainu belong to the Caucasus race (white people) who settled in Japan across the Eurasian continent, considering various genetic traits such as fingerprints and earbuds. Japanese is included in the Tungus language of eastern Turkey, Mongolia, and Siberia among the Altair people in Asia, and Korean is also generally a member of this language family.

 

The Jomon culture created by the ancestors of the Ainu tribe.

At the end of the ice age, the Japanese archipelago had a bridge connecting the Korean Peninsula in the Kyusu region, and there was also a bridge connecting Hokkaido and Sakhalin. Looking at the relics of the Stone Age, it is similar to stoneware from northern Japan to Siberia and northern China, and the south is similar to those from southern Korea and China.

The Japanese Stone Age is called "Jomon Culture." The Jomons used earthenware. Jomon earthenware was excavated from Kyusu 10,000 years ago, and then spread northward, reaching Tokyo in 9,500 and Hokkaido in the Bokdan in 7,000 years.

The staple food of the Jomons was nuts. They are chestnuts, walnuts, acorns, and coniferous tropical fruits. In the fall, nuts were harvested in large quantities, dug the ground, and stored underground. In addition, berries, fruits, seeds, herbs, bulbs, and sprouts were eaten, and according to a survey by archaeologists, there are 64 kinds of edible plants identified in the waste pile of the Jomon period. The Jomons also consumed seafood. Dolphins were caught with clubs or harpoons, and seals and salmon were also harvested from the coast or river. They used fishing nets or cut bones to use fishing needles. Wild boars, deer, and goats were also hunted. The Jomonians changed their lifestyle from a nomadic culture of hunting and gathering to a settlement culture by using large and heavy earthenware measuring 1m.

 

Migrants on the Korean Peninsula led this culture.

In 400 BC, the pattern of ancient Japanese culture changed rapidly. A new lifestyle begins to appear on the northern coast of Kyushu. It is a place facing the Korean Peninsula over the Korean Strait.

 

The new style is that iron is used and agricultural culture is firmly established. Rice cultivation began by watering the rice paddies, and waterways, dams, levees, and rice paddies were equipped. Relics of rice were also excavated.

The Japanese named a new culture completely different from the lifestyle of the Jomons as the Yayoi culture. Earthenware from the Yayoi period is completely similar to those excavated from Korea. It's definitely Korean.

Rice was the most important crop in the Yayoi era, but 27 kinds of grains were newly introduced. They raised pigs, too. The Yayoi cultivated rice paddies with water in summer, and in winter, when the land dried up, millet, barley, wheat, etc. were cultivated to grow two crops. Yayoi people's yields increased due to intensive farming methods, and their population increased rapidly.

Yayoi agricultural culture was rapidly transmitted from Kyushu to Shikoku and Honshu. It spread from Kyushu to Tokyo for 200 years and to the northernmost part of Honshu for the first time in 100 years. He has iron and excellent farming skills.These people kicked out or absorbed the Jomons. Yayoi Ironware was initially imported mainly from Korea (Gaya) in huge quantities, and it took centuries to produce its own from the archipelago. In the early 300 AD, the descendants of Yayoiin politically unified the Japanese archipelago. In Japanese history, the so-called "Obedient Age" will be held.

▲ Representative of the forward and backward ancient tombs, the Mandeok Cheonhwangneung.

Around this time, an ancient tomb of a huge pile of soil that looks like a keyhole is formed in Honshu's in-flight region. Japanese historians call this an anterior and posterior tomb. (This type of tomb is also being excavated in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. /Editor often)

The in-flight area is Japan's most fertile agricultural area, and today's most expensive Kobe beef is produced. Kyoto, Nara, and Osaka, which were the capital cities before the capital was moved to Tokyo in 1868, are located.

 

DNA investigation revealed that Japanese immigrants to the Korean Peninsula.

Then he kicked out the Jomonians and founded Japan today.Who are the ancestors of Yi In, that is, Japanese? There are three theories.

① Jomonin is getting older.The theory that it evolves into foreigners and is a distant ancestor of modern Japanese. It is a persuasive argument for modern Japanese. This is because the Japanese cannot welcome the theory that Korean genes have been handed down.

② The theory that a huge number of Koreans migrated with agricultural technology, culture, and genes. It's from Jomon.Some argue that as many as 75,000 people migrated from the Korean Peninsula when switching to this.

③ The view that the evidence that migrants came from Korea is acknowledged, but it is not a huge scale. The explanation is that the number of migrants has increased rapidly, overwhelming the native Jomon people. For example, if 5,000 people came, it is argued that after 700 years, the number of migrants reached 5 million, and because they had iron, they could overpower the Jomon people.

Jared Diamond saw that the first theory was groundless and that the second or third theory was valid. He supported the claim that there is only a difference between the majority and the minority, and that the descendants of migrants from one island are the ancestors of today's Japanese.

Professor Diamond cited two grounds. One is DNA irradiation, and the second is linguistic analysis.

Geneticists have conducted experiments in recent years to extract DNA from ancient human remains and compare it with modern and contemporary Japanese. In the experiment, Jomonin and I...It has been confirmed that this person is easily distinguished. The Jomons are short, have relatively long arms, and short legs. The face is round, far between the eyes, and the eyelids rise. By comparison, it's...Lee In was 3 to 5cm larger on average than Jo Mon In, has a long and narrow face, distant eyes, and flat eyelids and nose.

It was concluded that the skull of Jomonin was different from that of modern Japanese and similar to that of modern Ainuin. On the other hand, Yayoi-in's skull resembles modern Japanese and Koreans. When investigating the DNA composition ratio, modern Japanese dominate the Korean-Ya factor side. In conclusion, the current Japanese are influenced by migrants from Korea.

 

Korean comes from Silla and Japanese comes from Goguryeo.

According to studies by linguists, there is little connection between modern Japanese and Ainu. There are similarities between Japanese and Korean, but there are also clear differences.

Professor Diamond interpreted it like this. Ancient Korea was divided by the three kingdoms of Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo, and the three kingdoms spoke different languages. Modern Korean originated from Silla after Silla achieved political unification in 676. Silla did not have a close relationship with Japan. The languages of Goguryeo and Baekje, which were subjugated to Silla, were rarely passed down to future generations. Some Goguryeo words are more similar to old Japanese than modern Korean.

By 400 BC, when ancient Koreans migrated to Japan, the language of the Korean Peninsula would have had more diverse characteristics. The language of the Korean Peninsula, which originated from modern Japanese, would have been different from the language of Silla, which originated from Korean. Therefore, Korean and Japanese look alike in appearance, but there is a marked difference in language, Professor Diamond explained.

Professor Diamond shared the same blood between Koreans and Japanese, as in the case of Arabs and Jews, but has long been antagonizing with each other. Professor Diamond pointed out, "Since Koreans and Japanese are twin brothers who spent their growth period together, the political future of the two countries depends on whether they successfully rediscover the ties they built in ancient times."

How did Britain rule Hong Kong for a hundred years?

 It was when half of the men who shaved their heads were riding horses and fighting excitedly.  And one day. The ancestors of my favorite black tea appear in Uisan Mountain, where the runner has taught younger students for 40 years. It's settlement small ♥ 

Delicious black tea. On our way to the U.The tragedy begins.

 

At that time, as tea and silk became very popular in the country, the British Empire continues to import Chinese tea. China had a trade deficit because Britain wanted to sell it, but it was not very interested in wool. Car merchants must have been excited to make money, but Britain, which is upset that it keeps falling short of trade with China, is making a big deal out of vulgar language. 

That is...! They sell opium to Chinese people and import tea produced by Chinese people with their money. Wow, these sneaky things...As you know, opium is a highly addictive drug. When drugs were sold to buy cars and drugs were blocked, Britain fought two wars against China. 

Since the moon leans in full swing, the war against the British Empire, which was called a country where the sun did not set due to the industrial revolution and colonization, brings about natural results for the Qing Dynasty, which had been at its peak.

As a result of this war, Hong Kong became British territory for 100 years, and China was bitten by the powers and later by the neighboring country, Japan. As a result, the British Empire, which solved the drug and blew its nose without touching it, ruled Hong Kong for a hundred years. And in 1997, British Hong Kong became Chinese Hong Kong again.

Also, the Opium War is named the meanest war in the history of the war. (The bad things of the British Empire...!) + Isn't this why you're the death penalty if you carry and sell drugs in China?

But bad habits are learned by criticizing them. Recently, criminal groups in China are increasingly attempting to traffic drugs to Korea and other neighboring countries.

Even if you have suffered a lot of damage in past history, you deserve to be criticized if you do something wrong in reality right now.

That's why the Corona Pandemic and the world's perception of China have deteriorated.

Im Sangok, a giant in Joseon.

 The giant of Joseon, Lim Sangok (1779-1855).

My hometown is Jeonju, and my pen name is Gapo and Uiju, Pyeongbuk.

In the 19th century, Joseon giant Im Sang-ok became a giant through trade with China under the leadership of Uiju, and he became a giant. 

It was red ginseng that was made.

Chinese people like red as it used to be and now.

In addition, the Chinese were enthusiastic when Joseon ginseng, which was distributed only as dried ginseng because it was not easy to store, came into red ginseng with good medicinal properties.

In 1821, he broke the boycott alliance of merchants in the Qing Dynasty and made dozens of times the original price, saved the poor and the victims, and was selected as governor of Gwaksan-gun in 1832 and governor in 1835 for the rest of his life.

The story of Joseon giant Lim Sang-ok was also produced in a drama.

It's... <Sangdo>

MBC drama "Sangdo".

It's a drama that I really enjoyed and watched with emotion.

"Jaesangpyeong Yeosu Injungjik-type"

  - Wealth is equal, like water. 

    A person should be on a scale to apply.

It is Lim Sang-ok's will. Those who want to monopolize property that cannot be grasped like water will surely be traumatized by it, and those who are upright and dishonest, such as scales, will be traumatized. 

It means that you will be destroyed by wealth.

And another famous line from this drama. (It's actually what Sangsang Lim Sangok Lim said.

"Business is not to leave this door behind, but to leave people behind.

People are the best foreign gates that can be obtained through business,

Credit is the maximum asset that can be obtained from business."

Like this, Lim Sang-ok was a person who knew how to control greed well.

It's you.

"I hope you don't drink it full, and I want to die with you."'

It is said to be a phrase engraved on the Gyeyeongbae that he had.

He is said to have been wary of excessive greed and wary of Gyeyeongbae.

Gyeyeongbae makes a coffin in the cup, and if you fill it up to the height of the tube, it does not leak, but if you fill it higher than the tube, the pressure of the tube and the pressure of the cup become the same, so the alcohol flows down and the cup disappears. 

It's a glass.

Gyeyeongbae is also called Jeoljubae, a cup made to be wary of drinking too much.

Lim Sang-ok, a giant statue of Joseon, achieved great wealth by being wary of greed.

Too much...

It's really hard to control your greed.

I always have a judgment in my head, but I think it's humans who become infinitely small in front of greed when there's a real situation.

I respect the character Lim Sang-ok because he accumulates huge assets and has no extraordinary talent in business.

The fact that they restrained and controlled the greed of human nature,

The fact that I realized it and put it into practice is what I want to resemble the most, and that's why I respect him.

Wu Zetian - From Woman to Childhood Existence!

 Wu Zetian(624~705).., 

He was the only female emperor in Chinese history, the concubine of King Taejong Lee Se-min of the Tang Dynasty and Empress Gojong Ichi. 

The castle is Mu, and Hui is called Jo, Muhu, Muchchuk, Geocheonhu, Geocheonje, Geocheonje, Geocheonje, and Geocheonhwang, but it is usually called Wu Zetian. 

However, some argue that the name Wu Zetian represents the empress of King Gojong, and that it is not correct as he changed the national title to Ju and ascended to the emperor himself.

Wu Zetian was born in 624 in Jangan, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, as the second daughter of Musahak, the founding contributor of the party. Her father, who became rich as a timber dealer, continued to support Yi Yeon, the great leader of the party, and served as a government official after the founding of the party. And for that reason, Wu Zetian entered the concubine of Tang Taejong in 637, and when Tang Taejong died, he left the house for a while. 

In 651, he entered the concubine of King Gojong again. 

After that, she gave birth to four sons and two daughters with King Gojong and became Empress in 655. Wu Zetian, who became empress, took power by driving out the existing ministers on behalf of King Gojong, who suffered from headaches, and appointed his people to key positions. And when King Gojong died, Wu Zetian took control of the imperial family in earnest.

Wu Zetian, who took control of the imperial family, takes the harsh treatment of killing his children and grandchildren to maintain his power, and finally changes the country's name to Lord in September 690, and becomes emperor himself. 

He imposed harsh punishment on those who bullied him in the past and engaged in strong fear politics to maintain strong power. However, her fear politics was not worse compared to other emperors and kings, and she was considered bad for being a woman, but during Wu Zetian's reign, people's lives were stable. 

Since she was not from a noble family, she valued her status and ability, not her family, and hired a bureaucrat (because she was also a person who went through various difficulties by heading to the bare ground due to problems of origin), and this trend made the Tang Dynasty a powerful country. 

In addition, he loved literature to open the heyday of Tang Dynasty literature (due to his first love when he was young), greatly contributed to the development of Chinese Buddhism (because King Taejong left home after his death), and greatly supported Tang Dynasty art (so that bureaucrats do nothing useless and show royal stability to the people). 

Unlike many who became emperors through rebellion falling into corruption, she contributed greatly to the strengthening of the Tang Dynasty's national power.

Wu Zetian is 83 years old, and she lies down with old age, and as an opportunity, Jang Gan-ji, who is re-listed, revolts in the court after careful planning. 

Jangganji causes the soldiers to surround the palace, kill the kanshin surrounding Wu Zetian, and assign the throne. Wu Zetian, who has already lost his age and strength, yielded the throne to Lee Hyun, who was proclaimed as a prince, and he is Jungjong.

Although she returned from the Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty and ascended to the throne, she was an emperor. But Wu Zetian's will is... 

"Receive the emperor's title and call her Empress Gyeongcheondaeseong," that is, she herself came down from the emperor's seat and returned to the empress's seat. She had the emperor's title because she was afraid of a later conflict. Jeon Mu-hu leaves a will to create a monument that does not engrave a single letter on his tombstone. 

Perhaps it was intended to eliminate the conflict by entrusting the evaluation of oneself to future generations.

 

Wu Zetian is known to have a strong desire for power, excellent head, and bold personality. 

Among the anecdotes related to King Taejong Lee Se-min, King Taejong called Moonbu Baekgwan to the imperial stable and asked. Among the words of King Taejong, there was a word that King Taejong could not tame due to his fierce nature, but is there a way to tame it?

Wu Zetian, who was just a concubine when no one could answer easily, said it in the future.

"You need three things to tame your horse. It's a whip made of iron, a pepper made of iron, and a raincoat.

When King Taejong asked the reason, Wu Zetian replied.

"If you don't listen, hit it with an iron whip, and if it doesn't get tamed, hit it on the head with a steel bar." If you don't listen to me, I have no choice but to kill you as a dagger."

It was a bold and clear answer, so Taejong was wary of her even though he thought she was brilliant when he heard this, but his heart moved by her beauty and gave her the castle. I waited 12 years.~~).

You can guess her personality a little from this story. Such anecdotes from Wu Zetian, with her strong guts, excellent hair, and determination, may have led her to become the emperor of China.

Meanwhile, Wu Zetian is a woman who killed her child for ambition. Sosukbi, who was favored by King Gojong, was framed and killed with Empress Wang, and even the Empress Wang was framed and killed, but the method used to frame Empress Wang is very cruel. When Wu Zetian (then King Gojong's concubine) gave birth to a daughter, Empress Wang often visited and played with Wu Zetian's daughter, who strangled her and pretended not to know her, but only then when King Gojong visited, she made her daughter look dead and eventually killed her.

This eventually leads Wu Zetian to become the empress.

In addition, his eldest son, Lee Hong, became a prince, but when Lee Hong did not listen to him well, he poisoned him because he thought he would not be able to wield power if he became an emperor.

Later, his second son, Lee Hyun (there is a theory that he is the son of his sister), became a prince, but when he felt threatened, he made him a closed bookman and eventually killed him, and his third son became a prince and emperor, but he was abolished by acting against Muhu.

After establishing his youngest son Ethan as Yejong again, he controls the affairs himself.

Later, King Yejong also became the emperor himself.

But why didn't they kill her or abolish her even though it was like this?

We should first look at the influence she had on the Tang Dynasty.

First of all, Wu Zetian dominated the Tang Dynasty for about 50 years from 654 when he was Empress to 705 when he took the throne. When she first became empress, the party's royal court was dominated by the head of the Jangson clan (the outer family of King Taejong of the Tang), and the key posts of the royal court were also filled with his aides, including Wang's family and other contributors. Mujo (Later Muhu), who was in such a disadvantageous position, quietly appoints new figures who will be his forces, takes control of the internal list, and establishes the power and justification to overpower the old forces, including Jang Son weapons. Eventually, Empress Wang purged and made poison on charges of murdering her daughter and protecting the empress with a long-handed weapon. What she focused on the most after taking power like this is to fill the court with her people.

In fact, during her 50 years of reign, numerous talented people were hired regardless of their origin, including Baeyeom, the enemy, Heukchisangji from Baekje, and Seol In-gwi from Dolgwi, and even Seungsang Jangganji, who led her throne, was her favorite talent. 

Eventually, this group clash leads to confusion between the late Wu Zetian year and the early days of King Jungjong, King Yejong, and King Hyeonjong after her death. However, despite such confusion, Wu Zetian's status was only downgraded from emperor to empress, and the fact that she was still their lord remained unchanged. Above all, the act of erasing her as the mother of King Jungjong, King Yejong, and the grandmother of King Hyeonjong was because the imperial lineage was denied. In addition, the talents she selected, the enemy, Jang Gan-ji, and other figures were also well aware of her achievements, so they no longer degrade her. 

Wu Zetian, she's...

First, as a woman, few people have changed the world as much as her.

Second, Mosi changes the emperor and succeeds.

Third, she was the only female emperor in Chinese history.

Fourth, remove vested interests and create new exhibitions and no-fault systems. 

          Through this, I changed the world to a new talent.

Fifth, it allowed the people to live a stable life.

The war between Goguryeo and Su and Tang!

 Goguryeo's generals have learned martial arts and learning in the Gyeongdang since they were young, and they are also strong at archery, making them the world's strongest country when it comes to war. 

Those two wars may be quite embarrassing on the Chinese side, but they are a great victory and a proud history from the Goguryeo side and from the Korean people's point of view.

The fight between the two countries continues from 598 to 668 when Goguryeo collapsed.

First of all, by the end of the 580s, Sui Qi unified China and founded the Sui Dynasty.

It was created as a country with tens of millions of people with huge territories, supplies, and strong mobility.

For Goguryeo, it was too threatening to watch, so it did not slow down the tension.

Finally, around 590, the Su Dynasty dispatched envoys. 

However, as soon as King Yeongyang of Goguryeo saw the record, 

Cut off the envoy's throat, lead 10,000 horse gulls and his own troops to attack the permanent residence of the Su Dynasty across Yoha (Koguryo is also our wonderful and hot ancestors!). Then Sunara also sends 80,000 troops from Jangan Province.

Goguryeo is not defeated or victorious in the fight against the Yeongju General's placebo, but it continues to lure them to the vicinity of the Yoha River when the Su Dynasty's main base arrives. And Goguryeo's Daebudaeondae crosses Liaodong and greets them on Yoha's defense line.

Eventually, 80,000 troops in the Sui Dynasty are almost wiped out under Yoha. (A clean round! It's good.)

After that, 300,000 troops from the Su Dynasty attacked Goguryeo one after another, but only a few of them were killed by disease while marching through the swamp of Yotaek in summer, and Jurahu, the naval general of the Su Dynasty, was defeated and killed many soldiers (freaked out).

With the victory of Goguryeo, the relocation war ended.

 

It's been over 10 years...

 In 604, a great uprising occurred in the Sui Dynasty. 

Yangje killed the problem and usurped the throne.

(Yangje, Horo Moon Design... It's dirty to kill your father)

In addition, the foster system aggravated public sentiment by treating the people severely from the first year of the throne to 611,

It kills countless people, such as the Great Canal and the reconstruction of the Great Wall of China, and prepares only for war without interest in politics. Thinking of a match against Goguryeo... And it's too early to form an alliance with the stone palace above. Of course, I didn't have the power to reject the pressure of numbers yet.

Eventually, what we were worried about happened in 612. 

A war of allowances mobilized with full national power at stake of the real state's existence.

In 612, the number of combat units in the Sui Dynasty reached 1,135,000, and tens of thousands of other naval soldiers, and it is estimated that the total number of supply units, military supplies support units, and rear support units is about 3 million.

There are more supply units than combat units.

If the supply unit brings less supplies or food than the combat unit, 1.13 million troops will not last long.

It takes at least a few months of huge food to attack the scary Goguryeo, and of course, the amount must be more than 1.13 million to fight the war in the long run.

In addition, the supplies will be enormous because soldiers have to change their clothes, have arrows, and send them if they lack dialysts or fillers. If all of them were lost by Goguryeo guerrillas, the Sui Dynasty would probably have collapsed earlier. 

All of those enormous things are sent to strange and dangerous lands that have been ripped off by the people and collected from the country's finances, so there are only many soldiers who have to protect the food, so you have to keep following them behind the food unit.

However, even if the Sui Dynasty continues to attack Yodongseong Fortress for a month in 612, it cannot be captured it.

In a hurry, Yangje organized 300,000 separate groups and sent them down to Pyongyang with Woo Joong-mun and Woo Mun-sul as the general secretary, but only 2,700 people will survive due to Eulji Mun-deok's Battle of Salsu (one of the three great masters of our nation). 

To General Eulji Mundeok, I'm going to smash it~~~)

As mentioned earlier, the people are crazy because of the exploitation of enormous supplies, and in addition, the emperor's crazy humans are crazy about Goguryeo. Finally, rebellion occurs everywhere. Rebellions such as Lee Mi, Yang Hyeon-gam, etc. eventually turn the troops. Yangje, who managed to suppress the rebellion, led about 300,000 troops to attack Goguryeo again in 613.

Wang In-gong is asked to attack the divinity, and he attacks the fluctuating castle again, but this time he is completely confused. (I almost lost)

At that time, the situation in the mainland of the Sui Dynasty worsened, and now the rebels are so great that they cannot be suppressed by the government forces of Yangje.

In 614, the Sui Dynasty also invaded Goguryeo with hundreds of thousands of troops, but it could not cross the Liaodongseong Fortress (This is a total crazy human being).~~).

However, from then on, Janganseong Fortress in the Sui Dynasty was occupied by rebels. Yangje can't go back to Janganseong Fortress after hearing this sound, and he stays somewhere else to hold a feast and almost falls into the main forest like a maniac every day. 

Eventually, he was cut off by a Woo Culture class brother in 618.

 

Among the rebels, the rich man who unified Chinese territory and opened a new dynasty was Lee Semin. 

The party will open in 618. And for the throne, Semin's father, the great-great-great-great-grandfather, Yi Yeon, ascends

At this time, King Yeongyang died in Goguryeo and King Yeongryu ascended the throne.

30 years later...

In 642, Yeon Gaesomun caused a rebellion and killed both King Yeongryu and the moderates, who had implemented humiliating pro-party policies for 30 years, appointed the King of Scarecrow as king, and became a great leader himself. Goguryeo's new political system is established.

Under the pretext of this, the Tang Dynasty declared war on Goguryeo in 644. And finally, in 645 AD, Tang Tae-jong led 600,000 troops directly to the third division and attacked the fluctuation through Tongjeongjin and the membership.

But…

At this time, Gaemoseong Fortress, Hyeondoseong Fortress, Myojakseong Fortress, Nonsaseong Fortress, and Yodongseong Fortress, which prevented the attack of the Su Dynasty, fell.

And in the Battle of Jukpilsan Mountain, the Tang Dynasty's Grand Prince won the battle against the 150,000 troops of Goguryeo and captured Ko Yeon-soo and Ko Hye-jin (until this time, he said, "Rule~" with Lee Se-min's runny nose blowing).

Eventually, the last hope of fluctuation was in Ansi Province.

Dang Tae-jong eventually attacks Pyongyang and changes his operation to attack Ansi Castle because he is afraid of the rear. However, An Si-seong did not show any signs of falling even after about 60 days of attack, and when Tang Tae-jong built earthy mountains and attacked, Goguryeo built earthy mountains inside the castle to fight against the party forces.

Thus, 20,000 troops and tens of thousands of people in Ansi Province work together to prevent hundreds of thousands of troops in the Tang Dynasty.

Eventually, Tang troops withdraw when winter comes.

Dangtaejong gets sick at this time.

At this time, Yeon Gaesomun leads 70,000 troops to join the army of Shinseong, crosses Yoha, passes through Yuseong Fortress, and roams various places near Yeongjuseong Fortress. And build a "Goryeoseong" around it and mark it as Goguryeo's territory. but 

This Goryeo Fortress was captured by the Tang Dynasty around 648.

Thus, the Tang continued to invade Goguryeo until 646, 647, 650, 653, and 656, but Goguryeo prevented it well. 

Why? 

It's because there was Yeon Gaesomun, a figure of fire and expenditure!

(If you had educated your son well, you or Goguryeo wouldn't have been so vain. These guys also had their father's face ruined. ㅉ))

However, Goguryeo was greatly shocked when Baekje was destroyed by the allied forces of Silla and Tang in 660. The Tang Dynasty's troops were camped in fluctuations and held back, so they could not send reinforcements to Baekje, and tens of thousands of troops in the south would not have enough power.

The Tang Dynasty and Silla Allied Forces attacked Goguryeo again from 661 to 662.

However, the main base of the Tang Dynasty is defeated in Liaodong, and another main base is broken by Yeon Gaesomun at the shooting site.

Silla-gun is also beaten by Goguryeo-gun and retreats to the south.

Around this time, the Baekje Revival Army joined hands with the Japanese army to counter, but eventually all of them were annihilated by the Nadang Allied Forces in the Baekgang River. 

Goguryeo also had internal strife after Yeon Gaesomun died in 666. 

Because of the rebellion of each region, I couldn't get a hold of myself. 

At a time when it was weakening, 700,000 Nadang Allied Forces took Goguryeo. 

Attack.

Eventually, on September 21, 668, Pyongyang Castle fell, and Goguryeo was defeated, and this war was the third Godang War.

Read the Manchu war again - Gwanghaegun and Nurhachi, and the Ming Dynasty V.

 Gwanghaegun tried not to stimulate Nurhachi throughout the reign. However, as long as the relationship between Myeong and Geonju was creaking, Joseon could not be free from the conflict between the two.

The first thing that stands out in the foreign policy taken by Gwanghaegun, including countermeasures against Nurhachi, is that he tried to collect information related to the other party.

In August 1608, Joya of the Joseon Dynasty was nervous at the rumor that "Nurhachi is trying to attack Joseon in the future by building a ship."In January 1610 (the 2nd year of Gwanghaegun), rumors circulated in the Hutuala area that Joseon would unite with Ming to conquer Geonju Yeojin, and that Joseon's disease is already waiting along the Yalu River.

● Work hard to collect information.

At a time when Nurhachi attacked the aftershocks, war clouds were circulating, and relations with the great were getting strained, various rumors were rampant around Manchuria.

Joseon and Geonjuyeojin were also caught up in inaccurate information and could lead to a dangerous military confrontation.

In this situation, Gwanghae-gun urged non-vaccine officials to come up with countermeasures, keeping in mind the possibility of Nurhachi's invasion.

What he emphasized most of all was to properly perform the spine and properly utilize spies to collect information related to Nurhachi.

Gwanghae-gun ordered the gods to send smart figures to the Nurhachi camp to grasp their trends. He had a theory that "the traffic of lions should not be stopped even when a war is in full swing between the two countries.In 1611, he offered an apple, a sixth-class position, to Ha Se-guk, who returned after being detained as a prisoner in the Nurhachi camp. It was a paving stone to utilize his aftershock skills and knowledge.

At that time, it was true that Joseon lacked the ability to spy on the other party's trends compared to Japan and aftershocks. Japan was well aware of the importance of information because it experienced the national era in which great masters fought for supremacy for a long time. In particular, he knew clearly about the situation of Joseon through his early Japanese activities and his experience living in Waegwan. It is well known that the Japanese of Tsushima, who spoke Korean well and were familiar with the geography of Joseon during the Japanese Invasion of Korea, served as a local guide leading the invading army.

Nurhachi's construction company also had excellent ability to grasp information from neighboring countries. In particular, the ability to catch the other person off guard by using spies or using anti-gange was excellent.

Even the intellectuals of the Ming Dynasty admitted, "The Geonju Yeojinin is the best at espionage activities, and because of the respondents, they fall with a solid castle sitting down."

It was natural that Joseon's ability to spy on war, which was focused on literature and did not know the war for 200 years since its foundation, was weak. Gwanghae-gun was a person who suffered from the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, so he had an "information mind."

It was no different from other intellectuals at the time that Gwanghae-gun perceived Geonju Yeojin as an " inferior being" and an "orangkae" compared to Joseon. He also referred to Nurhachi and the Yeojin as "Nochu" and "Gyeonyang." Nevertheless, Gwanghaegun's policy on Nurhachi was flexible.

His basic idea was that "it is useless to put humanity and reason on the ignorant and fierce orangae." Instead of calling them useless Hwarang by stimulating them, let's maintain the relationship while adequately satisfying economic needs.

●Use a trick.

Gwanghaegun's policy was close to a trick."Taste" refers to tying a cow or horse's face with a hoop. In the way China dealt with the surrounding people, including the terrible anger, the key is to keep in check but not completely cut off the relationship.

Gwanghaegun tried to avoid adventures while maintaining a relationship with Nurhachi. He also tried to avoid being dragged into the conflict between Ming and Nurhachi with all his might.

This is because they recognized that they had no choice but to fail if they meet the war again in a situation where they suffered disastrous wounds through the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and the aftereffects were not healed.

Until the middle of Gwanghaegun's reign, such efforts and policies were somewhat successful. This is because the relationship between Ming and Nurhachi has not yet reached its worst, and Gwanghaegun himself led the political scene well.

Moreover, the fact that there were many "veterans" who were active during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, among the gods who were in Bibyeonsa Temple at the time, also had a great influence.

They were Lee Won-ik, Lee Hang-bok, Lee Deok-hyung, Lee Jeong-gu, Yoon Geun-soo, and Hwang Shin. They served as inspectors and military judges during the Japanese Invasion of Korea and carried out wars on the front line, and were experienced figures who faced the command of the Ming army or the Japanese military. Gwanghae-gun was able to meet them frequently and develop knowledge and sense of measures related to the periphery and the international situation.

● come up with a self-help plan.

While collecting information and comforting Nurhachi through taste measures, Gwanghaegun never neglected to prepare military countermeasures for the worst-case scenario.

The most important thing Gwanghaegun emphasized was to develop and secure new weapons such as guns and artillery.

At that time, Nurhachi's horseback riding platform was so powerful that it was called Ironware. It was common sense at the time that it was impossible to confront the "steel-like equestrian stand" on the plain, and it was best to enter the castle and use a cannon to suppress it.

Gwanghae-gun expanded and reorganized the firearm in 1613 (5th year of Gwanghae-gun) to cast various artillery, while also making special efforts to secure salt, a gunpowder ingredient.

It was his attitude toward Japan that drew attention regarding Gwanghaegun's efforts to secure weapons.

He instructed the carrier leaving for Japan to purchase guns and long swords. This was because they recognized the excellence of Japanese weapons even in the situation at the time when Japan was regarded as an "enemy that cannot be together forever." It was in the same context that in 1609 (the 1st year of Gwanghaegun), he had already defeated opposition from the surroundings and resumed diplomatic relations with Japan.

In the reality that tensions in the northwest were rising due to Nurhachi, the judgment that it could not insist on a cold relationship with Japan until some time worked.

Gwanghaegun was a clear realist when it comes to foreign relations.

Gwanghaegun also tried to secure troops and appoint excellent commanders. As a fundamental measure to secure troops, the Hoppae Act was implemented, and military service was frequently held.

After 1622 (Gwanghae-gun 14), all successful applicants of the military department were assigned to the periphery. After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, Kwak Jae-woo, who was living in seclusion in Hyang-ri, was called up and sacrificed to Bukbyeongsa Temple. Gwanghae-gun also worked hard to reorganize Ganghwado Island by assuming the worst "scenario" in which the city fell due to Nurhachi's invasion. It was regarded as the "last bastion" and was repaired from time to time and stockpiled with troops.

However, it was the work of King Injo to use Ganghwado Island as a refuge.

In 1623, Gwanghae-gun was deposed by Injo Banjeong and exiled to Ganghwado Island.Did he think that "The Last bastion" would be his exile?