Gwanghaegun tried not to stimulate Nurhachi throughout the reign. However, as long as the relationship between Myeong and Geonju was creaking, Joseon could not be free from the conflict between the two.
The first thing that stands out in the foreign policy taken by Gwanghaegun, including countermeasures against Nurhachi, is that he tried to collect information related to the other party.
In August 1608, Joya of the Joseon Dynasty was nervous at the rumor that "Nurhachi is trying to attack Joseon in the future by building a ship."In January 1610 (the 2nd year of Gwanghaegun), rumors circulated in the Hutuala area that Joseon would unite with Ming to conquer Geonju Yeojin, and that Joseon's disease is already waiting along the Yalu River.
● Work hard to collect information.
At a time when Nurhachi attacked the aftershocks, war clouds were circulating, and relations with the great were getting strained, various rumors were rampant around Manchuria.
Joseon and Geonjuyeojin were also caught up in inaccurate information and could lead to a dangerous military confrontation.
In this situation, Gwanghae-gun urged non-vaccine officials to come up with countermeasures, keeping in mind the possibility of Nurhachi's invasion.
What he emphasized most of all was to properly perform the spine and properly utilize spies to collect information related to Nurhachi.
Gwanghae-gun ordered the gods to send smart figures to the Nurhachi camp to grasp their trends. He had a theory that "the traffic of lions should not be stopped even when a war is in full swing between the two countries.In 1611, he offered an apple, a sixth-class position, to Ha Se-guk, who returned after being detained as a prisoner in the Nurhachi camp. It was a paving stone to utilize his aftershock skills and knowledge.
At that time, it was true that Joseon lacked the ability to spy on the other party's trends compared to Japan and aftershocks. Japan was well aware of the importance of information because it experienced the national era in which great masters fought for supremacy for a long time. In particular, he knew clearly about the situation of Joseon through his early Japanese activities and his experience living in Waegwan. It is well known that the Japanese of Tsushima, who spoke Korean well and were familiar with the geography of Joseon during the Japanese Invasion of Korea, served as a local guide leading the invading army.
Nurhachi's construction company also had excellent ability to grasp information from neighboring countries. In particular, the ability to catch the other person off guard by using spies or using anti-gange was excellent.
Even the intellectuals of the Ming Dynasty admitted, "The Geonju Yeojinin is the best at espionage activities, and because of the respondents, they fall with a solid castle sitting down."
It was natural that Joseon's ability to spy on war, which was focused on literature and did not know the war for 200 years since its foundation, was weak. Gwanghae-gun was a person who suffered from the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, so he had an "information mind."
It was no different from other intellectuals at the time that Gwanghae-gun perceived Geonju Yeojin as an " inferior being" and an "orangkae" compared to Joseon. He also referred to Nurhachi and the Yeojin as "Nochu" and "Gyeonyang." Nevertheless, Gwanghaegun's policy on Nurhachi was flexible.
His basic idea was that "it is useless to put humanity and reason on the ignorant and fierce orangae." Instead of calling them useless Hwarang by stimulating them, let's maintain the relationship while adequately satisfying economic needs.
●Use a trick.
Gwanghaegun's policy was close to a trick."Taste" refers to tying a cow or horse's face with a hoop. In the way China dealt with the surrounding people, including the terrible anger, the key is to keep in check but not completely cut off the relationship.
Gwanghaegun tried to avoid adventures while maintaining a relationship with Nurhachi. He also tried to avoid being dragged into the conflict between Ming and Nurhachi with all his might.
This is because they recognized that they had no choice but to fail if they meet the war again in a situation where they suffered disastrous wounds through the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and the aftereffects were not healed.
Until the middle of Gwanghaegun's reign, such efforts and policies were somewhat successful. This is because the relationship between Ming and Nurhachi has not yet reached its worst, and Gwanghaegun himself led the political scene well.
Moreover, the fact that there were many "veterans" who were active during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, among the gods who were in Bibyeonsa Temple at the time, also had a great influence.
They were Lee Won-ik, Lee Hang-bok, Lee Deok-hyung, Lee Jeong-gu, Yoon Geun-soo, and Hwang Shin. They served as inspectors and military judges during the Japanese Invasion of Korea and carried out wars on the front line, and were experienced figures who faced the command of the Ming army or the Japanese military. Gwanghae-gun was able to meet them frequently and develop knowledge and sense of measures related to the periphery and the international situation.
● come up with a self-help plan.
While collecting information and comforting Nurhachi through taste measures, Gwanghaegun never neglected to prepare military countermeasures for the worst-case scenario.
The most important thing Gwanghaegun emphasized was to develop and secure new weapons such as guns and artillery.
At that time, Nurhachi's horseback riding platform was so powerful that it was called Ironware. It was common sense at the time that it was impossible to confront the "steel-like equestrian stand" on the plain, and it was best to enter the castle and use a cannon to suppress it.
Gwanghae-gun expanded and reorganized the firearm in 1613 (5th year of Gwanghae-gun) to cast various artillery, while also making special efforts to secure salt, a gunpowder ingredient.
It was his attitude toward Japan that drew attention regarding Gwanghaegun's efforts to secure weapons.
He instructed the carrier leaving for Japan to purchase guns and long swords. This was because they recognized the excellence of Japanese weapons even in the situation at the time when Japan was regarded as an "enemy that cannot be together forever." It was in the same context that in 1609 (the 1st year of Gwanghaegun), he had already defeated opposition from the surroundings and resumed diplomatic relations with Japan.
In the reality that tensions in the northwest were rising due to Nurhachi, the judgment that it could not insist on a cold relationship with Japan until some time worked.
Gwanghaegun was a clear realist when it comes to foreign relations.
Gwanghaegun also tried to secure troops and appoint excellent commanders. As a fundamental measure to secure troops, the Hoppae Act was implemented, and military service was frequently held.
After 1622 (Gwanghae-gun 14), all successful applicants of the military department were assigned to the periphery. After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, Kwak Jae-woo, who was living in seclusion in Hyang-ri, was called up and sacrificed to Bukbyeongsa Temple. Gwanghae-gun also worked hard to reorganize Ganghwado Island by assuming the worst "scenario" in which the city fell due to Nurhachi's invasion. It was regarded as the "last bastion" and was repaired from time to time and stockpiled with troops.
However, it was the work of King Injo to use Ganghwado Island as a refuge.
In 1623, Gwanghae-gun was deposed by Injo Banjeong and exiled to Ganghwado Island.Did he think that "The Last bastion" would be his exile?
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