invention and development of aircraft

 It has long been a human dream to fly in the primitive age of airplane development. In the myths of almost every country, it is depicted that humans fly in the sky. One of them is the Greek myth of Icarus. Daedalus, a gifted genius, invented a saw to cut wood, and he fell from the roof of the temple to kill his nephew out of envy of his reputation. For this crime, Daedalus was driven away to Crete Island with his son Icarus, and worked under King Minos, who was caught up in the fascination of the queen and was caught in a maze with his son. After thinking about it, the rich man who was imprisoned decided to gather bird feathers and make large wings and put them on his body to escape. But how did he get the bird feathers? It's smuggling. He worked hard to make wings out of it, put them on his arms, and tried to escape from the maze. The father told his son not to fly too high because he had been stowed away. But my son, Icarus, was so happy to be me that he went near the sun, and the wax melted and fell into the sea -- many devices were devised even after ancient times, but it was literally imagination. Then, what was well devised was the flying machine made by Leonardo da Vinci. He also devised a screw-like helicopter and a bird-like flapping machine. It's amazing that we did this much in those days. However, this idea was limited to research and could not actually fly. If Da Vinci had only been working on it, I would have actually built a machine. Even geniuses like Da Vinci fail, but it's ridiculous for ordinary people to succeed. ; So I decided to use an easier method. That's the hot air balloon. Flying with wings was too complicated to know the airflow. But hot air balloons are different. It's okay if you just make a complaint. The successful person in the hot air balloon is the "Mongolia Pieces." They say they were inspired to see the ash fly high into the sky when they set fire. They made a large bag of paper and put hot smoke in it. Soon it continued to grow in size and rose very easily. Later, on June 4, 1783, an open experiment was conducted with a 10-meter-diameter instrument in a place called Anonnei, France. The results of the experiment were very successful. As soon as the eight men holding the balloon let go, it soared to 180 meters. On September 19, they succeeded in testing sheep, chickens, and ducks in the same hot air balloon. It is said that the king and queen also attended and made a great success. The heat balloon continued to develop. Eventually, it was upgraded to a hydrogen device. The upgraded ones are the Charles brothers. Hydrogen, you know, is a very light gas. You don't have to make a fire, just put it in and it comes to mind. It's very convenient. On December 1, 1783, they came to mind. That's how I flew about 43 kilometers. It is said that Napoleon even used it for reconnaissance during the war.After the balloon, it was a glider. In 1804, Britain's Sir George Chaley succeeded in flying a glider for the first time. But the plane had no engine, so it couldn't go far or fly nicely. However, with the invention of the glider, research on the wings, the most important part of the plane, has been conducted, and it can be said that the study of airplanes has been taken to the next level. Later, the glider continued to develop and reached its peak during the German Lilliantal era.Before the power plane, the Wright brothers also learned their know-how about airplanes by experimenting with gliders more than 100 times. Thus the desire to fly in the sky began to grow. Pioneers Many pioneers died and were injured while attempting to build an airplane. Here we introduce Auto Lilliantal, who was the biggest player among them.Needless to say, the German Otto Lilliantal was a leading figure in 19th-century airplane research. As a skilled engineer, he built a steam boiler. But anyway, he was interested. He studied lift and changed the direction of the plane's movement through the angle of wings, the most important technology of the plane. I'm not sure because I heard it, but the glider he made can't adjust the wing angle with both hands because both hands are on the wing. That's why he came up with his idea! Just using his neck! It is said that he tied a thread around his neck and moved the wing angle by moving the neck.He has conducted more than 2,000 experiments on a hill near Berlin with a handmade glider. By doing so, the glider was further improved.He died in 1896 during a flight experiment on a hill. There was a gust of wind during the flight. But his death was not in vain. The Wright brothers were greatly shocked by his death and built the plane themselves. It was dawn on December 17, 1903 for the Wright brothers. King Devils Hill on the Kitty Hawk coast, with moderate winds. There are people gathering somewhere. There was the first Light Flyer to fly with power. There are only four people watching, but that's true. I turned on the engine of the plane. The propeller spins coolly. First Orville got on, and Wilbur took off the hook that had been holding the plane. The plane soon began to run as fast as it could down the runway. On this flight, Orville will have a 12-second flight time. The distance traveled is about 30 meters. It's a bit cold, but it's me! Three more experiments will be conducted on this day. On the fourth flight, it even sets a remarkable 58-second record. However, despite the success of the plane, the road ahead was not smooth. I took pictures and there were witnesses, but people didn't believe it. Newspapers refused to include articles. When I return to my hometown, I welcome my father and sister.It was absurd. Fortunately, however, he has become a superstar in Europe, contrary to the United States. In the end, I was able to become famous thanks to that.The Wright brothers were originally bicycle engineers. However, it worked as a more advantage when making airplanes. I looked for companies to use airplane engines, and all the engines I used there were big and heavy. So they used their bicycle making skills to build a small yet powerful engine. It was a very light four-cylinder engine, but I was able to exert more than 12 horsepower. Across the Atlantic, airplanes were in full swing in the 1920s, but there were still limitations. That's just crossing the Atlantic Ocean! I had to go on a boat for a few days. Then one day in 1919, Raymond Orteig, a hotel operator, bet $25,000 on a non-landing flight between New York and Paris. It's not that much money now, but it was a huge amount at that time. The first challenger was Renee Fonck, who shot down 75 enemy planes in World War I (Ren Fonck). Taking off from Roosevelt Airfield near New York in September 1926, he died with his crew when a plane exploded at the end of the runway without lifting up. Perhaps it was too heavy to lift the weight of the plane because it was loaded with fuel for a long flight. In April 1927, Major Richard E. Byrd was flying across the Atlantic and landed incorrectly at New Jersey, and his fellow crew was hospitalized and Major Byrd's wrist was broken (for your information, New Jersey is in the United States). So in France, Charles Nungesser and Francois Coli took off from Paris in May 1927, and people waited for their arrival in New York, but no news came.Then one day a young man named Lindbergh challenged him. People didn't pay much attention to him, who was less well known than other competitors. His flight was the Sprint of Saint Louis. On May 19, 1927, at 7:52, Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Airport for the transatlantic crossing with 2,750 pounds of fuel and some food.The first flight between Cape Cod and Nova Scotia was clear. From Nova Scotia to Newfoundland, the sea was iceberg and he flew along the beach. In the evening it began to darken, and the fog grew thick and surrounded by black clouds. It was only after the moon came up that the flight became easier. He used an instrument, but he often lost his course. I fell asleep on the flight. In fact, his biggest enemy in flying was sleepiness. Time barely passed by while pinching, drinking water, and rubbing my eyes. After a couple of hours, he saw the coastline over the horizon. I also saw a dolphin fishing boat. An hour later, he saw the murky shoreline of Ireland, and it was not until sunset that he began to fly between London and Paris that he finally saw the lights of Paris. He circled the Eiffel Tower and headed for Le Bourget Airport. The flight is over. He flew 3,600 miles in 33 hours and 31 minutes and had 85 gallons of fuel left.As the plane landed, thousands of people flocked to pull Lindbergh out of the cockpit and began to raise him up.The biggest reason he succeeded in crossing the Atlantic was the weight of the plane. The other astronauts had a large plane and not just went alone, but a few of themselves. But Lindbergh had a small plane and went alone, and he didn't even take a parachute to take a lot of fuel.After the successful crossing, American newspapers nicknamed him The Lone Eagle. The time of the First World War has gone by, and World War I has begun. You all know how the war broke out, right? But for the service, I'll just say it. It was a very chaotic time in the early 20th century.

In each country, the working class and capitalists were in fierce conflict, communism took place, environmental pollution, and other problems arose. So I looked at the colonies to solve the problem, but when I looked at them, imperialism, totalitarianism, and aggression occurred. Therefore, it can be said that each country was out of its mind. And to facilitate the invasion, Britain, France and Russia formed the Three Kingdoms negotiations, and Germany, Austria and Italy formed the Three Kingdoms Alliance (Note! Italy changed its team shortly after the war began! Meanwhile, the Austrian Crown Prince's ministry was killed by a young Serbian, and Austria declared war on Serbia. Then Russia declared war on Austria because it was the same Slavic people as Serbia. Germany, therefore, has declared war on Russia and against France. The angry Britain also intervened and declared war on its allies.In any case, they fought like this, and in the end, England and France won. The air battle that took place at that time would have been the hardest and most interesting (?) battle. It doesn't look like an enemy these days, but it's not a battle where you just shoot missiles and run away, but a battle where you shoot your enemy hundreds to tens of meters away. However, the pilot's position was in the middle and the part protruding above the plane was the head, so if you were unlucky, you could die hard. Besides, guns aren't usually guns, but machine guns, two or four of them shoot together. I hope you can imagine it individually. Let's get back to the point.Here, I will briefly introduce the flagship model used at that time and the Ace Red Baron that I respect. The flagship Soppwith F-1 "Camel" Soppwith Camel was one of the most efficient fighter jets in World War I. This plane has shot down more planes than any other country. However, because of the strange way the plane was controlled, more people died in practice than in combat.The plane was manufactured in England and deployed to the battlefield with the Royal Fleet in July 1917. The highly trained pilot made it highly mobile and difficult to be shot down easily at a relatively high flight altitude of 3,600 meters.About 5,490 camels have been built, but only a small number of them remain. During the Fokker Dr. I war, there were no coalition pilots who didn't know the fear of Fokker Dr. I. In particular, it was a plane that Manfred von Richthofen, the legendary ace of World War I, was on, so it had to be worse. The poker was made to cope with the Allied Soppwith Camel. It was first deployed on the Western Front in 1917, and many pilots were very surprised at the plane's mobility. Soon afterwards, a series of reports of victories flooded in. Of Lichthoffen's 21 victories mentioned above, 19 were made up of this plane.About 320 poker machines have been made. However, it is said that there is no real poker. Red Baron Manfred von Richthofen! It is said that he has almost divine flight skills. His nickname is Red Baron, that is, the Red Baron. As a German officer, he painted his plane red and fought. That's why it's Red Baron. In those days, Red Baron was the best ace to shoot down as many as 80 aircraft without radar, and when unlucky, bullets hit his head. The last moment happened to him, too. - On April 21, 1918, a poker triplane flight was approaching two R.E.8 reconnaissance planes of the Third Australian Fleet over the Somme River, a German-occupied area. Captain Roy Brown, who was leading eight Soppwith Camel planes, approached after waving his wings left and right to have the crew follow him. At that time, rookie Wilford May was on his first mission. I instructed Captain Brown to stay away from the battle. He tried to do so, but out of curiosity he joined the battle. But he was frightened out of the battle in a straight flight. Then, noticing that he was frightened, Lichtofen began to follow after him.Brown was engaged in an aerial battle and noticed May being chased from below. He went down at full speed and continued shooting at the poker until May and the German plane disappeared into the woods. A little later, I found two more planes. It was difficult to get close. Suddenly, the triplanes stopped chasing and began to descend to the point where the wheels touched the ground. May escaped the crisis, and Brown returned to join the air battle.Australian ground forces fired when a poker came in. Soon the plane crashed into the neutral zone. One of the soldiers found blood stains on the pilot's clothes and found that a bullet penetrated his shoulder. Soldiers examining the dead pilot's belongings discovered that he was Manfred von Lichtofen - the first airliner in the world to serve as an airliner. It's a little too much to call it an airship. Anyway, let's get down to business. In June 1910, a Zeppelin airship was launched on a route connecting Frankfurt and Duchelloz. The Zeppelin airship was filled with hydrogen lighter than air. Then I put a large propeller on the back to speed it up. The size was enormous, but the speed was considerably faster than the aircraft of the time. But there was a big problem with hydrogen-based airships. It's just safety.Hydrogen reacts so well to fire that it explodes when it's on fire and just waits. But what if a huge amount of hydrogen catches on fire? That's almost the level of a nuclear explosion. In fact, in the late 1930s, the airship Hindenbruck exploded and the ship disappeared. Then comes the age of airplanes. The first airliner was a Russian plane called Bolshoi Baltici. The plane could carry two crew members and seven passengers. Also, unlike today, we have installed a balcony where you can see the view in front of the plane. It was also upgraded by a plane called Le Grand. The cabin had chairs, sofas, toilets and even heating.But looking at the shapes of the planes at this time, it looked like a train was removed and attached, and the performance was poor compared to the rival airship. After World War I, airplane technology developed rapidly. As each country built bombers, large planes became easier to operate. Later in Germany, the world's first single-leaved (non-pair-winged) plane, called Donier Cometgi, will be launched. The plane was made of metal and the cockpit was double-seated with a pair of chairs. So the passengers could sit with the pilot. After that, a poker similar to a comedy came out. The shape was almost like that of the Comet. With the development of aviation technology in Germany, other countries were stimulated to develop each other.

invention and development of automobiles The greatness of the Westerners.

 2. The advent of steam cars. James Watt of England invented steam engines in 1765, and Nicolas Joseph Quigno, a French artillery officer, invented the world's first three-wheeled steam car with a two-cylinder steam engine in 1769. However, he suffered the misfortune of being imprisoned for an accident during the examination. Since then, efforts to commercialize steam cars have continued, opening the Golden Age of Steam Cars from 1820 to 1840. However, as the spread of steam cars increased unemployment, road damage and black smoke caused public antipathy, the UK under the "Red Flag Act" enacted in 1865 under pressure from carriages and railway operators to regulate steam cars. 3. The heyday of steam railroads and steamships In 1825 Stevenson invented steam locomotives, and in 1838 the length of trains in England exceeded 800 km and increased tenfold to 8,000 km 10 years later. In addition, railroads spread rapidly in continental Europe and the United States, and steam engines and steamboats became the main drivers of the 19th century transportation revolution until automobiles and airplanes appeared. 4. An experiment of an internal combustion engine powered by explosive power by burning fuel directly in a cylinder invented by a gasoline-powered automobile has long been conducted, but it was a two-cylinder coal gas engine in Renoir, France in 1862. Then in 1870, Otto of Germany invented a four-cylinder engine with high thermal efficiency, followed by Otto's assistant, G. Daimler of Germany, in 1885, and the following year, in 1886, the world's first gasoline car by successfully mounting a two-seater four-wheeled vehicle. In the same year, German inventor K. Benz also developed a gasoline-powered three-wheeled car, which Germany was honored to have these two, called the "father of modern automobiles," merged in 1926 to become Europe's largest complex, Daimler Benz, and world-class automobile maker. 5. Electric cars were developed by French and British forks, and were put into practical use three years earlier than gasoline cars, overwhelming internal combustion engine cars by around 1900. In addition, in 1899, electric vehicles recorded 105 kilometers per hour in the car race, setting a new world record. However, the battery weighed nearly a ton, the mileage was short, and the charging time was long, so it was completely destroyed by internal combustion engine cars around 1920. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Around 1000 BC: Using horse-drawn chariots in Egypt. AD 1599: Dutch physicist Simon Stevin builds a sail-driven windmill. 1602: Started operating a public carriage in London, England. 1629: A car was built by Giovanni Blanca, Italy, that could run while keeping the loading area level even on bumpy roads. 1650: A German Hautou made a spring-equipped car and tested it. Around 1670: Belgian Verbier made a steam-driven model car. 1770-1771: France's Quin가o built the world's first steam car and ran on the road at 3.2 kilometers per hour. 1784: Made by Murdoch, a Watt assistant, a model steam car. 1802: Trevisik of England built a four-wheeled steam car. 1804: Evans of the United States built an amphibious steam car for dredging. 1807: Rivers, Switzerland, made a car that uses a mixture of hydrogen and air as fuel for the engine. 1820: Steam cars have begun to be put into practical use. 1824: Snowden, England, made a running car with a horse spinning a millstone. 1825: British Caylee invented a tractor with an infinite orbit. 1828: French Pecourt built the world's first steam truck with differential gear mechanisms. 1829: James of England built a steam car that carried customers. 1831: England's Hahnmok made an excellent steam car that can carry 15 passengers and run at 30 km/h In 1834: England's Hahnmok made the world's Chicho bus company Scotland Steam Motor Company and succeeded in commercializing the steam car. 1844: Invented a high-quality rubber manufacturing method used in tires in the United States. 1845: Robert Thompson of the United States invented an air-filled tire. 1863: Renoir of France built a three-wheeled vehicle equipped with a gas engine. 1865: British automobile development lagged until 1896, when the Steam Locomotive Act was enacted and abolished in Britain. 1873: Davidson, England, built a four-wheeled utility electric vehicle (truck). 1875: A German Marx who lived in Austria built a gasoline car. 1885: Germany's Daimler invented motorcycles. 1885-1886: Germany's Daimler and Benz completed a practical gasoline car. 1888: The invention of Dunlop in England and the Moulin in France. 1889: Founded in France by the world's first automobile company, Panard Levasor. 1894: Mercedes-Benz in Germany created the first gasoline-powered bus and opened a bus route in Germany the following year. 1896: Ford of the United States manufactured a four-wheeled car with a gasoline engine by hand. 1898: Reno of France devised a shaft-type direct-drive transmission to replace the chain. 1899: Belgium's Zenachi set a world record for driving 106 kilometers per hour in his electric car. 1903: Founded by Ford Motor Company in the United States. 1904: Holt of the United States built an agricultural garter-type steam tractor. 1908: Ford of the U.S. released a T-car and began mass production, merged with Bigg and 25 other companies in the U.S. and founded by General Motors. 1916: The annual production of T-type Ford exceeded 500,000. Completed the world's first tank in England. 1921: Benz, Germany, completed the world's first diesel-powered truck. 1925: Founded by Chrysler in the United States. 1936: Volkswagen starter car and Benz diesel car were completed in Germany. 1950: British company Rover completed a gas turbine car. 1951: Mana competition began in the United States, producing high-pressure, high-power engines. 1954: Founded in the United States by American Motors. 1963: West Germany's NSU announced a two-seater sports car with a rotary engine, while Chrysler of the United States announced a gas turbine car. 1966: GM and Ford of the United States announced electric vehicles. 1967: The introduction of safety devices to automobiles in the United States. GM in the U.S. recorded 100 million cars. 1970: The Air Pollution Control Act (Musky Act) was enacted in the United States. Gabriel set a world record of 1001 kilometers per hour with the Blue Frame. 1972: Volkswagen in West Germany broke the T-type Ford production record with a total of 157,033 units of Vitor. 1973: Due to the global energy crisis, the U.S. auto industry, which has lagged behind in developing economical compact cars, is in recession. 1979: A four-wheel drive sports car was unveiled at Audi, West Germany. The development of four-wheel-drive cars around the world has become more active. General Motors of the United States has announced the Chevrolet Sightation (X Car) as the first part of the FF (electric wheel drive) of mass-produced cars. 1983: Pollution caused by acid rain in West Germany and Austria, which is a major cause of automobile exhaust. 1986: West Germany began selling unleaded gasoline to purify emissions.

Did Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla use the same word?

 Was it like the language of the Three Kingdoms? No one disputes that the language used in Pyeongan-do and the language used in Jeolla-do are the same language. Just as the language used by President Kim Dae Jung is Korean, the language used by General Secretary Kim Jong-il is Korean. So if a summit is held between the two, there is no need to worry about the money to be given to the interpreter. But what if such talks were held in ancient times? What if political talks were held between Yeon Gaesomun and Kim Chun-chu, or military talks were held between Gyebaek and Kim Yu-shin? Didn't I need an interpreter then? So, did the people of the three ancient countries speak the same language? The official position of the North Korean academic community is not only that the languages of the three countries were the same, but also that the same language was already used on the Korean Peninsula from the time of tribal countries. Their view is that the differences in language between tribal countries on the Korean Peninsula, which are pointed out in Chinese history books such as "The Three Kingdoms" and "Hu Han-seo," or the differences in the three languages revealed by the etymological interpretation of the proper nouns in "The Three Kingdoms." This view, which is generally accepted by scholars in the south, may be criticized for making mistakes in projecting the present into the past. Even if a single language is now used on the Korean Peninsula and has been the case since the Middle Ages, there is no law that it must have been the case in ancient times. Moreover, as in modern times, monolingual countries were rare in ancient times, and it is a very bold hypothesis to argue that the languages between countries were the same. More importantly, it is the logical ambiguity of scholars who support monolingualism. The linguistic boundary between "special dialect differences" and "individual languages" is very blurred between the linguistic differences between the southern and northern parts of the linguistic differences between "special dialects" and "individual languages." Therefore, political considerations often work there. South and North Korean scholars who say, "We will look into the problem later," reiterate that these languages are "not different languages" or "originally from one branch." However, "not a language of different descent" or "from one branch" is a fact that scholars who claim that the languages of the three countries were different. In other words, the same lineage does not mean that it is a single language. Modern Spanish (Castelliano) and Portuguese, for example, are clearly "one-pronged" and "same lineage" languages, but they are clearly different languages. Lee Ki-moon, one of the scholars claiming that the languages of the three countries were different, also says that the languages of Buyeo represented by Goguryeo and the limit represented by Silla must have been closely related. Lee Ki-moon, however, speculates that Goguryeo language was as close to ancient Japanese as Silla or Baekje. Among the opinions that the languages of the three countries, at least Goguryeo and Baekje-Silla, are different, are separated from the Korean Peninsula and belonged to the Tungus language (the Althai tribe distributed in eastern Siberia, Sakhalin, Manchuria, and Xinjiang). This view is generally argued by Japanese scholars and refuted by Korean scholars, but at least it is not groundless for the Goguryeo language before the south, that is, the Goguryeo language centered on South Manchuria. The Goguryeo dialects extracted from the names of the famous Goguryeo five tribes are constantly connected to the Tungus language. Whether the three languages are viewed as dialects of the same language or as separate languages of the same lineage, the three languages seem to have been quite different from each other. It is not known whether Pyongyang's Kim Chun-chu was so different that he needed an interpreter, but it is certain that Pyongyang's Kim Chun-chu felt a greater linguistic incompatibility than Seoul's Kim Jong-il. Naturally, Kim Chun-chu, who led the Tang topple Goguryeo, is not a "national traitor," contrary to the harsh evaluation of South and North Korean nationalists. Whether it was Tang or Goguryeo, they were both foreign powers for the Silla people. How can there be a "national traitor" before a single "national" is formed using a single "national language"? Although it's an article, the conclusion is that there is no historical evidence, and no one knows...

Alexander Gwanggaeto Ho-tae of Northeast Asia 1. Wind on the western border (3)

 After receiving an order from General Gojin to launch an attack on Huyeon across the border, Moduru looked at the western sky where Liaodong-gun is located in the distance. His mouth was shut, but his eyes were burning, and his fists were shaking. His appearance revealed the youthful spirit of his early 20s. Goguryeo could not afford to prolong the fight. I couldn't concentrate my strength on one place for a long time under the condition of being surrounded by enemies on all sides. It was clear that Huyeon would know the situation of Goguryeo and lead it to a global war. Then, if you let your guard down, you will be able to attack without missing the moment. This was already advised by Prince Damdeok. Therefore, the next attack had to be completed quickly. The eyes of Moduru, who sat high on the horse, were burning hot. "Attack!" At the order of Moduru, Goguryeo soldiers rushed out like wildfire toward the position of the latter army. After building a camp in Saturn, Yeon-gun did not move and used water tactics. When the rear soldiers poured arrows like rain and threw spears to resist, the Goguryeo army bled heavily. However, regardless of this, the Goguryeo army did not slow down its attack with its old soldiers. "Stop the enemy's attack! Don't be afraid and face it proudly!" Hu Yeon-eun's general Hakgyeom encouraged the soldiers and commanded the battle throughout the castle. Later soldiers did not back down and fought fiercely, neutralizing the attack of Goguryeo forces. When Goguryeo failed to capture the castle, the ranks were disorganized and retreating. A cry of victory rose from the rear coalition forces. At this time, Banggae, the adjutant of Hakgyeom, said. "Koguryo's spirit has been completely dampened." "That's right. He looked like a bird rat running away... "Hakkyum nodded pleasantly. "I think it would be better to use this momentum to completely destroy the Goguryeo army." "I thought so, too." Give the whole army an order to attack." Hakkyum's voice echoed vigorously. "I see," All armies open the gates and go out to attack. Don't leave any of them behind." Later soldiers rushed at the Goguryeo army with anger at Banggae's order. Due to the counterattack of the latter, the Goguryeo army was unable to maintain its ranks and was busy running away. When the latter army hit the rear of the Goguryeo army, the Goguryeo army collapsed easily. The Goguryeo army began to scream. I'm sure it was. However, at that time, a group of soldiers who reorganized the ranks appeared in front of the latter group. It was Goguryeo's Ironware Unit. The Iron Armies rushed at the latter without difficulty, and trampled on the latter ranks at once. At the same time, the Goguryeo army, which was retreating, joined forces and began to attack. Hak-gyeom was surprised and asked Bang-gae. "What's going on?" "Pretending the enemy is retreating, they're counterattacking with iron armys." We must retreat quickly." "Well, we've been involved in an enemy manned operation. All troops, retreat!" The rear troops ran again toward the castle. However, as they approached the castle, arrows poured down like rain. "Why are you shooting an arrow at us?" When Hakgyeom, a general of Huyeon, looked up at Saturn, the flag of Goguryeo was already flying there. "This castle will be taken over by General Nabusabi, you fools of scholarship! Let's see where else you can find out. Hahaha!!!" cried the young general of Goguryeo, laughing loudly and shouting at the latter soldiers. Hakgyeom was astonished as his eyes widened. "Oh, my God!" Even Saturn fell into the hands of the enemy..." At this time, Goguryeo's young armed forces, armed with ironware units, rushed to attack the rear of the army. Then, Goguryeo soldiers who occupied Saturn responded by shooting arrows again. Later soldiers quickly fell into the abyss of chaos. Bangae shouted to Hakgyeom. "General, I will block the enemy, so please recover the army and escape from the enemy's siege." While Banggae wielded a spear and defeated Goguryeo troops, Hakgyeom escaped from the siege of Goguryeo under the escort of some soldiers. Moduru held the long sword high and drove the horse toward Banggae. Banggae didn't back down, but stuck out his spear toward the hall. As the military horses carrying the two generals crossed each other, fireworks flew in the air. The two generals shouted high-pitchedly and fought a fierce duel about 30 times. However, as time went by, Bangae had to realize that her skills were less than all of them. His physical strength began to decline, and the windows he used were becoming dull. As soon as the blade of Moduru's sword, which found the opponent's loophole, shone brightly, Bangae's neck went out spraying blood. After seeing Banggae die, the soldiers lost their will to fight and surrendered. The voice of Mo Yong-soo, the later emperor, trembled from Jungsan Mountain, the later national capital. His complexion was turning red. "What? General Hakgyeom was defeated in a battle against Goguryeo army..." "I'm sorry to say this..." "Umm..." Mo Yongsoo's groan came out. "Your Majesty, what is more worrisome is that..." "..." "I couldn't even dare to stop Goguryeo from advancing..." "I can't even stop you..." cried Mo Yong-soo in a nervous voice. Mo Yong-soo, the latter emperor, was speechless. Mo Yong-soo was the west son of Mo Yong-hwang, the first king of Jeonyeon, but when he was persecuted by Jeonyeon, he went under the command of Bugyeon, the king of Jeonjeon, to cultivate his power. And in 370, when Bugyeon attacked Jeonyeon, destroyed it, and later defeated Dongjin again, he betrayed Junjin and left his power intact, came to the land of the former Jeonyeon and founded Huyeon. As a scholar, Mo Yong-soo had a plan to invade Goguryeo someday. But not now. At the moment, he could not afford to overcome Goguryeo. However, in order to consolidate the rear, Goguryeo had to be overpowered. Without pressing Goguryeo, his ambition to advance to the Jungwon continent could not be realized. Otherwise, if it advanced to the Central Plains, it could be attacked from behind and endanger the existence of the country. As Goguryeo attacked from behind while Jeon Yeon was fighting against Jeon Jin, Jeon Yeon's front collapsed in an instant. Moreover, the refugees of the former Dangun Joseon, who lived in the front, were greatly influenced by Goguryeo. That's why they cooperated with Junjin to open the castle gate. The failure of the war was all related to the failure to subdue Goguryeo. Since the founding of the later generations, Mo has been watching Goguryeo. It also detected signs that Goguryeo was gathering troops toward the later border. Mo Yong-soo ordered us to prepare for this. In order to realize his ambition to advance to the midfield by sticking to an outpost that will target Goguryeo, he had to first stop the attack of Goguryeo forces. Therefore, Mo Yong-soo directly instructed Jangsu Hakgyeom to block Goguryeo troops. However, news of the defeat of the latter army has been reported. It has become a situation where we have to worry about the safety of the country, let alone the foothold of the attack on Goguryeo. Mo Yong-soo sighed and asked Ho Jeong-si, a military officer. "Where is the Goguryeo army heading now?" "One unit is carrying out the prefectural government and the other is carrying out the Liaodong army." "What?" What are you saying is General Hakgyeom doing?" "He has already lost a large number of soldiers and the Goguryeo army is too strong." Just keep retreating... "You are such an ugly person..." Mo Yong-soo's anger soared again in Hakgyeom's attitude like a coward. However, he soon realized that it was not the time to be angry with Hakgyeom. As such, he was an experienced strategist who went through all sorts of hardships. "Call General Mo Yong-nong right away." "General Mo Yong-nong is in Yuju now." In order to suppress the Yeoam forces of the riot army..." Mo Yong-soo was depressed again when Hojeong-si said. I was trying to overcome this crisis, but I couldn't come up with a good idea. I just realized that Goguryeo's national power was much stronger than expected. "If we turn the war around until the interior is maintained, Goguryeo will not be able to withstand it and retreat, and if we attack it, it will surely be a great victory, which will be a prelude to defeating Goguryeo, but Hakkyum's defeat almost ruined the plan." Furthermore, Mo Yong-soo was furious again at the idea that Hakgyeom ruined a good opportunity to realize his ambition. However, punishment for Hakgyeom was not important now. Now we have to come up with a solution to overcome the crisis. Mo tried to calm his anger and looked at Ho-jeong. Ho-jeong took a hint at Mo Yong-soo and spoke carefully. "Your Majesty, why don't you look forward to the future?" Mo Yong-soo listened with a hesitant look. He asked me to keep talking. In fact, he also judged that it was inevitable to step back in order to move forward one step by step. However, the emperor himself could not say the words that were undermined by dignity. That's why the staff intended to speak for him. The story of Hojeongsi continued. "First of all, we must focus our efforts on suppressing the internal insurgent female forces. If they join hands with Goguryeo, there will be a big crisis. At this stage, it would be best to reconcile with Goguryeo. If you strongly convey your intention to form a friendly relationship without antagonism to Goguryeo, the Goguryeo army will step down." Mo Yong-soo nodded. He was already hoping for this. There was no other way. "I'll pay you back hundreds of times this humiliation in the future," cried Mo Yong-soo, as if he was trying to compensate for his damaged dignity. But his voice disappeared immediately without a sound.

Source: Jeong Il-ho, Heavenly Kingdom, and Daeguryeo.

The Worst Group Suicide in Modern History: The Guyana People's Temple Incident

 Guyana People's Temple Group Suicide refers to the mass suicide of a total of 914 believers, including Jim Jones, founder and church leader, at the People's Temple, a social group located in the jungle of Guyana, South America, on November 18, 1978. Jones twisted the Methodist doctrine to create a social group, the People's Temple, in Indiana, USA, which initially seemed to start with a good purpose, advocating social reform. Then, after moving the base to the jungle of Guyana and building a religious village, he reigned as the king and monarch of a private kingdom, claiming to be the second Jesus, the true socialist, and the last humanitarian. His personal assets amounted to $15 million, and he wielded power to his heart's content as a nearly divine being. As this condition continued, Jones's mind also became morbid, and the harm became worse. He even believed that he was dying of cancer. Meanwhile, three investigators of the U.S. Senate who came to investigate human rights abuses were killed by them. Jones, who was afraid of the U.S. government's pursuit and believed he had cancer and was short of living, eventually decided to end his life before the U.S. government began its investigation. However, he thought that he could not die alone, and decided to involve his believers in this journey of death. On November 18, he gathered all believers in the square of the faith village and forced them to drink orange juice with poison, and then preached in a speech that "this death is not suicide, but a reform revolution for an inhumane world." This incident clearly demonstrated the consequences of false fanaticism and blind faith in religion, raising alarm among people around the world.

Bohr War (1899-1902) between England and the Principality of Transvaal

 Boer War. The war between England and the Republic of Transvaal between 1899 and 1902. It is also known as the Southern and Southern African Wars in South Africa. In South Africa in the late 19th century, Britain expanded its power with the Cape colonies as its base, and in the north were the Transvalent Republic and the Oranae Free State, which were built by the Dutch descendants, the Boers. When a gold mine was discovered in Transvaal in 1867, and a diamond was discovered along the Auranye River, England attempted to establish control of the area, and moved many British people into the region. Therefore, friction arose between the English and the Boers, and the first war broke out between 1881 and 1984. Subsequently, Transval entered into a military alliance with the Oranian free countries to counter Britain, further deteriorating the relationship between the two countries, and finally, in October 1899, the war between the two sides began. In June 1900, the British army invaded and occupied Transvaal, and in September declared the annexation of the Republic of Transvaal. When the war began, the Oranye Free State also joined the Transvaal side to participate, but in February, the British army defeated its main forces and declared the annexation of the Oranye Free State in May. But for the next two years, the Allied Powers fought guerrilla warfare and continued to torment the British, liberating most of the two countries again and advancing to British territory. In response, the UK mobilized 450,000 soldiers to burn down the Boers' battlefields and houses to conquer about 70,000 Boers with a population of 500,000 and forced 210,000 non-combatants into concentration camps. The facilities and treatment of this concentration camp were in the worst condition, resulting in a total of about 20,000 deaths. In 1902, after facing the danger of national annihilation, the Boers finally surrendered to England, and England completely conquered South Africa by making the two countries British colonies. However, the British sacrifices were also huge. Britain was attacked by global public opinion through this war, and internationally, it had to abandon its policy of 'glory isolation'. The antiwar movement also escalated in Korea, and Lloyd George of the Liberal Party acted as an opposition to imperialism policy at this time, and the formation of the Labor Party was promoted. In addition, South Africa had to grant 의3 million in subsidies to revive the Boers' lives and recognize their autonomy.

The real culprit who killed Toyotomi Hideyoshi?

 While feeding Toyotomi Hideyoshi to death, Yang Jo-jo and Han, Dongnae people, died with Song Sang-hyun, and Jo-han's grandson subordinate was 12 years old at that time. He was captured and taken to Daemado Island, built a wooden spear, and wrote at the end, saying, "I will devote myself to Gwanbaek as the son of a nobleman of Joseon." At first, he suspected that the owner was a fugitive, but when he saw what he wrote, he delivered his subordinates one after another to various islands and reached the place where there was a waterway. When Su-gil looked closely at his subordinates, he looked back at the Japanese interpreter, saying, "Chosun children are like Japanese children," and asked him, "You should be his teacher and teach him Japanese." "If you don't master it, I'll cut you off." Then the interpreter was afraid to light a candle and stay up all night teaching his subordinates, saying, "If you don't work hard, I and you will die together." The next day, Toyotomi Hideyoshi called his subordinates as a test group, and the subordinate answered well, so Toyotomi Hideyoshi was very happy. After learning Japanese for three months, Toyotomi Hideyoshi loved it and always kept it close to the left and right. Toyotomi Hideyoshi hit a three-story folding screen behind him, twisted his head in a seat over one letter high, and sat down with his legs stretched out, with a gun and a sword on the left, a bow and an arrow on the right, and a window on the top. At that time, even though the army was in trouble, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had nothing to do. There were five people around, so when I was free, I talked about the past and clapped my hands and enjoyed it. Toyotomi Hideyoshi had five women, but he had a son in the year when he had no children and started a military service, so his name was Soryu. In Ganyangrok, it was said, "The body of Toyotomi Hideyoshi was born through adultery with Toyotomi Hideyoshi's girl." In the fall of Byeong' year, when he heard that our envoy and Chinese envoy had come, he asked Toyotomi Hideyoshi to meet him fortunately, and the Chinese envoy was Shim Yu-kyung. The Japanese invaders locked the envoy in an object and made him military to guard him very strictly. When his subordinate heard the chinese's wailing, he came back and informed Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi immediately made a Eumsil and made him come to the palace from his guest house to greet Yookyeong. Yukyung sat in her seat and took a pill, and when she met Toyotomi Hideyoshi for the second time, she took the medicine, so she asked, "I took this medicine all the time because I was injured by moisture while crossing the Great Sea, so I was full of energy and light." Toyotomi Hideyoshi said, "Isn't it a lie?" and Yukyung said, "I dare lie." When Toyotomi Hideyoshi said, "I think I've lost my energy since I came back from the island earlier, can I eat it?" Yukyung said, "That's good," and immediately found it in her pocket and showed it to me. Toyotomi Hideyoshi took it from his subordinates, put it on his palm, and looked closely at it, and found that there was a word written on the pill. Shugil said, "How can the letters be so small? I can't just write big letters well in Japan," he said, taking a toothpick out of his arms, splitting the medicine in half and giving it to Yukyung, and saying, "I want to taste it together." Yukyung took it and swallowed it, and after a long time, he shrank his neck and stretched his arms to show that his body was relaxed, so Toyotomi Hideyoshi finally put it in his mouth and drank water. The next morning, I met Yukyung, got a pill, and shared it as if it were the first time, and the drug was very strong, secretly weakening the human body. Yukyung would have gone back to the guest house and must have taken another medicine to lower the malice. Since then, Toyotomi Hideyoshi has lost its luster on his limbs, and as time goes by, his body has dried up, so he was seen by the clinic, but it is ineffective, and blood does not come out even when acupuncture is placed. Shugil thought strange, saying, "How can a living person be free of essence? "I will make my own moxibustion," he said, and at last he entered the inner chamber, made the concubines stick mugwort, and suddenly lay down and laughed, saying, "I don't think I can get up." Do not order outside to bring in a couple of horsetails and a jar of clean water, and tell the statue that he died, but cut his belly, lift his intestines, wash his five intestines, and sew the body with the horse's tail in the liquor jar." The concubines did what he said, and if there was anything to do, they discussed it together and decided. In a few months, the smell was so bad that it exudes to the outside, so the concubines finally announced the statue, saying, "You won't be able to hide it until the end. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi lived in the inner room, his subordinates couldn't serve him, so he heard this from the gatekeeper. The grenade was seven years old at that time. In "Yang Ha-jeon" of Yeom Heon-jip, he said, "I came back in the year of Gimi when my subordinate was 39 years old, and I was already 95 years old in the year of Shinshi, I heard it directly from my subordinate.