Alexander Gwanggaeto Ho-tae of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (2)

 At the end of July, after the martial arts competition, Goguryeo's expeditionary forces, who came to punish the latter, had to return to the national capital, the National Fortress. Goguryeo-gun made Goguryeo's spirit resonate on the western border with the brave performance of young generals. It was declared at home and abroad that martial arts competitions were held on a large scale to punish future generations. The morale of Goguryeo soldiers and the people was greatly boosted. The army's chwi-ta team began to play a loud march. The expeditionary forces, which had maintained their ranks, began to move. Rainbow-like flags such as gold tiles and five-color sneezing were flying in the central ranks where General Gojin and Prince Damdeok are located. All of them and Busabi took the lead as riders of a young general, taking the lead on the left and right. Jin Cho's face appeared faintly in Busabi's mind. The appearance of Jincho was the promise of a desire to conquer the eggs and revenge them. It was the loyalty and love of patriotism to protect the people and the strong land from the outside world. To this end, Busabi accepted the parting with Jincho with pleasure. Busabi hesitated after receiving a proposal from Moduru to go to the national castle together. "Should we remain in the West to defend our borders, or should we go up to our own provinces?" If you go to Nanko Castle, what will happen to Jincho?' When Moduru went to the national highway, he had a friend named Hae Woo-sung who he could trust and share his will with, and he recommended meeting him. When Moduru said he would participate in the subsequent conquest, Hae Woo-sung urged him to return to the national castle. Taduru replied to Hae Woo-sung that he would do so. Alluru thought that the latter expedition was the path of loyalty, and participated in the war and achieved victory. However, the mediation's decision took away all of these achievements in an instant. At that time, I missed the face of Hae Woo-sung, who said that I had to face the reality of the court and solve it in order to become a loyalist. Hae Woo-sung understood Moduru's feelings to leave the national road because he hated Duso Guksang, who influenced the court. However, Hae Woo-sung was worried that he would not return to the domestic castle at all, and repeatedly asked him to return. Da-ru also made a promise to Hae Woo-sung, and because he saw that his words were reasonable, he tried to return to Naeseong. But that wasn't the only thing. If there was no hope for the future, I would not have tried to go to the domesticity. Rather, he would have first recommended that he be the man here. However, when Da Lu saw Prince Damdeok from the side, he came to believe that he was the future and weather of Goguryeo. Therefore, General Gojin was willing to accept the loyalty of Prince Damdeok. In this respect, the adverb ratio was the same. It was difficult for Busabi to reject Da Lu's proposal. In order to conquer Georan, his parents' enemy and Goguryeo's enemy, he had to go up to the national fortress. Only then could the dream come true. However, I didn't want to go to Nanko Castle when I thought about the beginning. There was already a deep feeling in Busabi's heart. When he won the martial arts tournament, she was happier and more proud than anyone else. However, when I asked him to go to the domestic market, Jincho refused. She said she could not leave her foster mother, who raised and cared for her. As Jin-cho tried not to go with him, Busabi didn't want to leave either. Protecting the western border without going to the domestic provinces was also a way to be loyal to the country. But this did not correspond to the vows of revenge in front of his parents' bodies. He also went against the will of his teacher who taught him martial arts. My teacher taught me to put loyalty to my country before personal understanding. The non-commissioned officer couldn't make up his mind and struggled. At this time, fortunately or accidentally, Prince Damdeok heard about Busabi's worries and asked him to go with him to Naeseong. At Prince Damdeok's recommendation, Busabi could no longer hesitate. He made up his mind to head to the inner castle and visited again to persuade him. "Lady! Tomorrow morning, the expedition team will start marching to return to the inner castle." "Let's go up to the inner castle with me." "I can't go." "If it's because of my mother, why don't we take her?" "This is not the time." "It's not the time." So there's another reason?" "..." "You don't trust me?" "No, I don't..." When the steward pressed him, Jincho bowed his head. Busabi was so sorry that Jincho didn't know how he felt. He asked again, holding the hand of Chinchu. "Come with me,"How can you not understand my heart?" said Jincho, raising his head at Busabi's words, looking him in the eye. "If you really love me, make sure you succeed in conquering Khitan." "I know that very well." But that's why I can't go with you." "If you go to Japan, please try for it." I don't know well, but I think it's the way to avenge my parents and be loyal to my country... ...I'll wait until then." His eyes were filled with snow. The steward bowed his head at the first word. I didn't try to persuade her anymore. I didn't want to break her heart. If you go to Nankookseong, you will not be able to help and feel burdened, so you try to endure the pain of separation. Knowing Jin-cho's sincerity to endure the pain of separation for his future, he swallowed tears in his heart. The steward drew up the shoulders of Chinchu, and hugged him. Chinchow wept and leaned his head against Busavi's broad shoulders. "I'll see you today, even though I'm breaking up with you." I'll be back when you get what you want. I will never again let the people be slain by foreign invasions," said Jincho, falling into the arms of Busabi. "I have no doubt that the Wisa will become the center of Goguryeo in this country and strive not to cause the tragedy of losing family and life again," said Jincho Island Oksu quietly. The adverbial fee was startled. The touch of the reef began to take off his clothes. "Lady! What are you doing?" "You're leaving tomorrow morning, aren't you?" "Sleep with me tonight." "Lady..." "I believe we'll see each other again in the future, but if we break up tomorrow, we don't know when the date of our meeting will be." "Leave the girl the last memory of the night," said Busavi, a little bewildered as the innocent and innocent-looking Jincho longed for active love. But I understood how she felt and let her do it. There were only two people in the room, a non-commissioned officer and a jincho. "Ah...!" The gentle touch of Jinco boldly peeled off all the clothes of the stewardess. When the man's primitive figure was revealed in front of his eyes, Chinchow spontaneously exclaimed. Busabi's naked body was a solid muscle and elastic body as a person who trained in martial arts for a long time. When I first faced the man's nudity in front of my eyes, Jincho naturally blushed. But she pulled herself together and took off her clothes. Then he approached the steward. It was also the first time to see a woman's nassin closely. Busabi gulped, feeling his heart throbbing with excitement and fear. The curves of the female body that rose up and then fell like a bend seemed to be a masterpiece of the Creator. The steward moved slowly without hurry. His face approached the woman's face, and soon the lips of the two men met. They were drunk with sweet kisses, tangled together, and scattered on the floor. The two hands of the steward seized a pair of water densities. Light pink grapes hung near the coveted Yukbong Peak. Busabi lowered his head and caressed Jincho's breast with his lips, tickling his nipples with the tip of his tongue. A moan came out of the mouth of the reef. "Ah..." Then he felt something heavy on his thigh. She realized that it was a human symbol called a man. She lowered her hand and gently held the symbol of the man. When a woman touched her most sensitive part, the Busabi seemed to shiver all over her body. Her fingers curled and stroked the penis, then went down further and touched her testicles. Busabi grabbed Jincho's breast and let out a short groan in her ear. "Well..." Jincho boldly spread his legs and connected a part of Busabi's body to his deep sorrow. It was the moment when the inflatable active volcano of the man was about to enter the woman's cave. The steward applied strength to his waist, and at that moment, the voices of the two men and women rang at the same time. "Ah...!" "Sigh...!" Finally, the bodies of the two men and women became one. Busabi shook his waist, feeling the suction power of the cave squeezing the active volcano from all sides. Every time an active volcano made its way through the cave, a breathtaking intercourse rang in the woman's mouth. The room was soon filled with heat. "I love you..." The woman hugged the man's neck with her thin arms, feeling thrilled and deeply sad, while suffering from the man's rough physical behavior. The two men and women in Jeolla Province spent their last night enjoying the festival, promising a reunion that they did not know when. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Heavenly Kingdom, and Daeguryeo.

Poongle) Bhangra 2 Source: Following Indian Culture Choi

 Last time, Bangra, a half-million-year history of Punjab and Bangra, a half-thousand-year history of Bangra, were roughly explained, but it seems necessary to add to Bangra as a folk music rather than a modern Bangra. The same is true of the Punjab region, the origin of Bangra. Above all, the Punjab region is a region that has been subjected to a sly fate by political forces around it. Starting with the migration of the Aryans, the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great of Greece, the Islamic Arab forces, and the Mongolian Empire of Genghis Khan dominated the Punjab region one after another. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Guru Nanak Dev invented Sikhism with the doctrine of revolutionizing the caste system and all kinds of dogmas. Sikhism has since dominated the consciousness of the Punjab people, and if you think of the chaotic history up to that point, you can understand the rise of Sikhism. As Sikhism expanded, the Sikh kingdom was created by Ranjit Singh in 1801. However, when he died in 1839, the kingdom disappeared, and soon Punjab was colonized by England along with other parts of the Indian continent. It was in 1849. Punjabs were also the most fiercely resistant forces under British colonial rule. In 1919, the same year as the March 1 Independence Movement in Korea, a large-scale demonstration involving more than 20,000 people took place in Amritsar, the capital of Punjab, and the army opened fire on protesters, killing 379 people and injuring 1,200 people. The incident led to the emergence of revolutionaries from Punjab, who took a different line from Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated a "non-violent line." Among these revolutionaries, Bhagat Singh and Udham Singh have made a long-standing achievement as "heroes of Punjab." Bagat Singh shot an Indian-bashing British official in 1928, and Woodam Singh shot and killed Punjab ruler Michael O'Dwyer in London in 1940. Interestingly, when Woodam Singh was arrested, he was using the name Mohamed Singh Azad. If you look closely, you can see that it has all the names of Islam, Sikh, and Hindu. These two heroes later appeared frequently in Bangra's lyrics. Kuldip Manak - Udam Singh When India became independent of Britain in 1947, the Punjab region did not become an independent country advocating Sikhism. The eastern Punjab was merged into Hindu India and the western Punjab into Islam's Pakistan. It is unclear whether this division of Punjab was caused by the "crime of disgust" that they resisted the most fiercely during colonial rule, but it is clear that Punjab people suffered the most damage from the division. Many people living in the Punjab area carried out immigration to avoid hardships and violence. Because India belonged to the Commonwealth, it was relatively free to migrate to places belonging to the same Commonwealth, so many immigrants were made not only in the UK but also in Canada. In industrial cities such as London, Birmingham, and Manchester, it did not take long for Punjab people to create an "Asian community." How did Bangra emerge and evolve in this rough history? There is a theory that it was born during the war against Alexander the Great's invasion of Greece, but it is similar to the claim that "the Gojoseon ruled the Chinese continent." It is a theory that emphasizes that the so-called Bangra is "resistive music." Rather, it is a more dominant theory that it originated from a song that farmers sang in their spare time while working in the fields around the 14th-15th century. This soon gave birth to a festival to celebrate the harvest of April 13, called Baisakhi (not the "harvest" because it is spring). In Korea, it would be an event similar to Chuseok Play Hanmadang. At the festival, music and dance naturally blend together, resulting in a specific style. After that, the use of music harmonized with dance in large and small local temples such as weddings and New Year's festivals as well as festivals to celebrate harvests became common. Bangra is used as a meta-genre that encompasses various dances. If you encounter words such as Jhumar, Luddi, Giddha, Giddha, Luddi, Daankara, Damal, Saami, and Gatka in the literature, you can think of them as various variants of Bangra. Among them, let's just know that Jumar is a dance that makes a circle around a drum player and sings (like Ganggangsuwolrae?), Rudy dances while twisting like a snake, and a long woman claps her hands. You don't know Korean dance well, but you don't need to know Indian dance, but if you live in an area where many Indian/Pakistani workers live, you may be able to see this dance at the "Foreign Workers' Women's Feast held by the district office." The clothes worn when dancing like this are also unique. Men usually wear turbanes called Bugaris and long tops called Kurta. On the waist, you wear something similar to a belly band called "lunghi." The woman wears a long coat and loose pants and wraps what she calls a dupattas around her neck. It is clear from the picture that the clothes are tacky and all natural colors. The last story is about the Bangra costume and the most important musical instrument of the stone drum. If you feel "Oh, it's Bangra" when you listen to music, nine out of ten may be due to the drum sound of a stone. In the future, if it is marked as "stone," it will be misunderstood as a jangdol, so let's mark it as "stone drum" from now on. The stone, a large drum with a width of 15 inches, is played with two sticks with a leather strap on its shoulder. He is mainly in charge of bass notes, but the notes are high. There are also drums such as dhad, dafli, dholki, and damru on top of the stone drum, but to distinguish them, I think I have to listen to music hard in the future. On the other hand, tumbi and sarangi are representative of stringed instruments, and the tumbi consists of one line, and the sarangi consists of several lines. As you can see by listening to music belonging to the category of Bangra while meeting Bangra and drum machines and houses, "modern" Bangra is not only used by Punjab's traditional instruments. In terms of music style as well as musical instruments, it is mixing with houses, reggae, and hip-hop to create new hybrids. According to data referenced in writing so far, legendary musicians of "Modern" Bangra, such as Kuldip Manak, Chamkila, and Amarjyot, were introduced in Punjab in the 1960s and 1970s, but a more interesting phenomenon would be music made outside Punjab (and). First of all, let's limit our view to some cities in England. First of all, let's quote an item about Bangra in Roy Shuker's book Key Concepts in Popular Music (Han Narae, 1999). "It is a genre of Indian-British music based on Punjab's traditional folk dance music, played on percussion instruments. Bangra developed with three waves in the UK. It was a dance pop played in a synthesizer, guitar, and drum set in the late 1970s in the Indian community, and the second was combined with house, dance music, and drum machines in the 1980s, and finally became a bangramuffin' by combining rap, sampling, and Jamaican ragga or dance hall rhythms. The last of these cases was commercial success across Asia and in the UK by artists like Sheila Chandra and Apache Indian. For young Asian people, Bangra is part of claiming cultural identity that is distinct from established society and parents' identity." - Key Concepts in Popular Music, p. 26 (domestic translation pp. 147-8), where little is known about Bangra in the 1970s. Until the 1970s, Bangra albums were not distributed according to the mainstream music industry's system, but were only sold at small stores (so-called corner shops!) or Asian grocery stores in the region where Asian people live. Also, even though Bangra musicians were "live artists" during this period, they were not "recording artists." In other words, it means that there was nothing to be called a "regular album." According to Billboard, which released a long cover story about Bangra in 1994, 90 percent of Bangra's albums will still be distributed through Ethnic Independent Retailers. Bangra albums are still sold as low-priced cassette considering the income level of Indian residents there, so they seem to have a distribution structure similar to Korea's Guruma Tape and Expressway Road Medley. Recording artists also appeared in Bangra since the 1980s. If you refer to Roy Shirker's quote above, this is the time when a style combined with dance music such as house was already created. The music representing Bangra during this period will be Malkit Singh and Alaap. Malkit Sing, nicknamed "Golden Voice of Punjab," was born in 1963 in Punjab. After his success in India, he moved to England in the mid-1980s with his band Golden Star. It has achieved some success internationally, with 16 officially released albums and performances in 27 countries.

He was influenced by the aforementioned Bangra legend Kuldip Manak and Pakistan's Kawali godfather Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, who later combined Jamaica's ragga, and enjoyed wide popularity in India, Canada and Australia. Leo: I understand it's Daler Mehndi's Tunak Tunak Bangra, which was popular a few years ago.

Poongle) Bangra 1 Source: Following Indian Culture Choi Hye-jung

 What on earth is Bangla? To put it roughly, it can be said that it is a generic term for "music enjoyed by Asian residents in modern Britain." However, if you go into it, it will become complicated. The origin of Bangra is "fork dance music (folk dance music)" sung while harvesting in Punjab province, and has been played with unique percussion instruments such as stone, dholak, and tumbi. Therefore, it is traditional folk music that has been inherited for centuries long before it came from England. India's map, but it is worth paying attention to the word Punjab here. If you open the map, you'll see that Punjab is located in northwest India, or on the border with Pakistan (although the map doesn't show the name Punjab), it's located in Punjab Province, northwest of New Delhi, India's capital city of Amritsar and Srinagar are located in Punjab province. This area is famous for its fertile farmland and cotton production, and it is no exaggeration to say that there would have been no industrial revolution in England without it. By the way, religious conflicts are sensitive, as can be seen from the fact that this is the border between India and Pakistan. India has Hinduism, Pakistan (and Bangladesh) has Islam as its national religion. After India gained independence from the UK, I learned from writing that 10 million people, the largest in human history, moved to a place to live in, and 2.5 million people died for one reason or another in the process. Under these circumstances, Punjab is a region with many Muslims remaining in India and is also the base of another religion called Sikhism. The doctrine is similar to Hinduism, but Sikhs who deny the caste system are famous for being "extreme." Sikhs, who account for 2% of India's total population (still 20 million), have long fought an underground struggle for independence in Punjab. I didn't say this to say, "Bangra is the music of Punjab's Sikh struggle." However, it is necessary to keep in mind that the Punjab region uses a separate language called Punjab in Indian society, where Hindi is the mainstream, and religion and culture are different. Therefore, it should be pointed out that Bangra has a slightly different origin from Indian music as we know it. Indian music that we know? For most pop music fans, Indian music will be like "background music of the mid-term Beatles." The name of an instrument called sitar, which is similar to Western guitar and Korean gayageum, and the character Ravi Shankar, the master of sita, was widely known because of "George Harrison." Anyone who likes Lai Kudor may like the music of Vishwana Mohan Batt, who performed with him on the album A Meeting By The River (1993) (V.M. Bhat is a student of Ravi Shanka and belongs to the Elite). In addition to these, various "meditation music" (or "devotion music") that is naturally reminiscent of "Indian music" is also far from Bangra. They are not folk music, but "Classic" (to be exact, "Classic") music (not only classical music in Europe), and are being marketed as a genre of "World Music." In short, their music can be heard more often at workshops in music college auditoriums than in commercial performances in clubs or concert halls. Their music is technically "hindi music," so there is a lot of difference from Bangra, "punjabi music." If you insist that "Jongmyo Jeryeak" and "Chunhyangga" are the same music (Korean traditional music?), it may be considered the same. Anyone interested in "World Film" will know that India is a film powerhouse, and Bombay, the base of the film industry, is called Bollywood, and Indian films are closely related to music, so almost all of India's popular music is "film music." Asha Bostle, a singer and actor, holds the "world's longest-running recording record" (Later introduced by Indian-British band Cornershop, dedicated to her biggest hit, "Brimful of Asha." Therefore, if it is related to "modern" Bangra, it would not be "Classic" Indian music such as Ravi Shanka or V.M. Bart, but "Popular Music." The music of Pakistan and Bangladesh also has a formidable influence, but it becomes too lengthy, so let's put it off later. Here, let's just point out that film music (and music movies) made by Bollywood's "Star System" has played a role in culturally integrating its vast land and its large population. As a result, the "genre convention" is strong, as it is expressed as "the formula of Indian movies is one or two stars, six songs, and three dances." According to the group work Music At The Margin (Sage, 1991) published by the International Association of the Study of Popular Music (IASPM), Indian popular music has a relatively good reputation for 'modernizing tradition', but it also has a not-so-

Manchuria, which was almost sold to Japan.

 With the success of the 1911 Revolution, China's first republic, the Republic of China, was established in Nanjing, and famous revolutionary Sun Yat-sen took office as interim president, but the future of the revolutionary government was too rough. In Beijing, traditionally the center of politics, Wen Se-gae, a former Qing Dynasty military power, was holding out with military power, and the funds of the revolutionary government were on the verge of exhausting. At this rate, the revolutionary army had to be disbanded soon, and all the achievements of the revolution were likely to pass to Won Se-gae. At that time, it was in Japan that the hand door turned its eyes. Sun Moon was particularly excited about the Japanese government. In 1905, Sun Moon formed the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance in Tokyo, which played a decisive role in the Shinhae Revolution. He also had an Asian idea, which was consistent with Sun Moon's idea and surface because Japan advertised that the yellow race should fight against white people such as Britain, Germany, and Russia. For this reason, Sun Moon has decided to seek financial aid from the Japanese government for the success of the revolution. So, as soon as Sun Moon established the government, he telephoned Kaoru Inoue, a powerful Japanese political figure at the time, to receive a large loan. In order to receive loans from the clever Japanese government, Sun Moon will sell Manchuria and accept Japanese loans. The negotiations between China and Japan began in November 1911. Mori, a Japanese liaison, suggested to Sun Moon as follows.   As you know, the world is a battleground between the yellow and white races, and I think Japan needs to keep Manchuria under Japanese control to stop the southward movement of Russia, the spearhead of white forces, to secure the existence of Japan and ensure peace in the East. As long as Russia prays south and Germany occupies Qingdao, Manchuria needs to be preserved by Japan's hands.   It is clear to you that the Chinese government will not be able to handle it. I think the future of the revolutionary government will be tough. If you are determined to abandon Manchuria and entrust it to Japanese forces and, in return, obtain special support from Japan to accomplish the great cause of the revolution, Japan will surely comply with that request. If you wake up and feel the same way as me, you should secretly come to Japan and meet Prime Minister Taro Katsura. "If you think about the peace of the East, Manchuria must be in the hands of Asians." Geographically and ethnically, I know that China is destined to achieve nothing without Japan's sympathy and aid. After the Shinhae Revolution, the revolutionary government's financial resources were cut off, and the army was on the verge of dissolution, and the Nanking government was on the verge of collapse.   For this reason, we have to negotiate peace with the three Yuan Shih dogs in Beijing, and if we can secure the financial resources, we will mobilize our forces as planned to wipe out the foreign elements of the world and establish a complete republic. If Katsura understands our judgment and believes in us, I hope that either I or Huang Hing will come to Japan to meet with Katsura and discuss the future of the revolutionary government. He decided to sell Manchuria and accept Japanese loans. Originally, Son Moon was a person who pursued the path of extinction and prosperity, so he did not seem to have much attachment to Manjuta. According to a document from the Black Dragon Society, a Japanese private organization that insisted on advancing to the continent at the time, he said, "Since Sun Moon frequently asks for help from Japan and the purpose of the Chinese revolution is to destroy Japan, Manchuria is up to Japan. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The source is Oriental history (the book I cherished the most until middle school) and the author is Park Yun-myeong. If Sun Moon sold Manchuria, what would have happened to Manchuria after World War II?Brother? (There is no family in history, but I'm always immersed in imagination when I see things like this) Brother, but can't you find Wonpyeongjeon in Korea?(The one with Minamoto Yoshitsune and Benkei)

Alexander Gwanggaeto Ho-tae of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (1)

 Today is the day of the final of the martial arts competition. The atmosphere of the conference was even higher. The preliminary round of the martial arts competition has already been held, and the winners of each event have also been decided. Now, only four participants were left to decide the winner of all events. The four people who reached the finals were Ko Young-bang, Woo Pae-sayoung, Hwang Bo-shin, and Busabi. They were not only excellent in archery, spearmanship, kendo, watermelon, and magic, but also had a history of wisdom. Ko Young-bang was a master of good swordsmanship. His opponent was mesmerized by the blade of his sword, which moved so fast that it reached the state of God. In addition, the power of Jangchang used by Hwang Bo-shin was so great that nothing could be pierced through the Jangchang he stabbed. The sword of Woopae-sayoung, a master of double swords, was unfolded thoroughly. No one could withstand the stronger attack. Busabi made light fun of Jang Sword as if it were a lesson of punishment. The blade he wielded just moved normally and coolly, but his opponents couldn't handle it. The training ground where martial arts competitions are held has already been crowded. In front of the front of Yeonmu-gun, Neunggi, Dosugi, and Moduru, the main pillars of Liaodongseong Fortress, centered on Prince Damdeok and General Gojin, were seated, and soldiers were located on the left and right. And in the back, the people were increasing. The drum beat rang to announce the start of the finals martial arts competition. First of all, the list of matches between the four was decided. Busabi, Woopae Sa-young, Ko Young-bang, and Hwang Bo-shin competed, respectively. Unlike the preliminary round, he was able to choose and use weapons in his favor. Ko Young-bang and Hwang Bo-shin first took the stage. Ko Young-bang was holding a cotton sword in line with his reputation for dealing with a fine sword in the state of God, and Hwang Bo-shin was holding a long spear as the rider of Jangchang. Following the sound of the start, the match between the two proceeded. Face swords and intestines collide with each other in the air, which was just like a battle of speed and power. Hwang Bo-shin's spear penetrated through the gap between the swords and attacked. Ko Young-bang's fine sword collapsed in front of Hwang Bo-shin's power. No, that's what it looked like that. However, the situation turned around before I knew it. Ko Young-bang's swift sword began to move in an instant and became faster. The speed at which the power was used as the base was accelerated, doubling the power. Ko Young-bang's fine sword was already aiming at Hwang Bo-shin's chest as it was embroidered in the air with strength. Then Hwang admitted to defeat and stepped down. The following was a showdown between Busavi and Woo Jin-young. Busabi grabbed the long sword, and Woopae-sayoung raised the double sword. First of all, the double swords of the right-handed warrior stabbed him in the chest. The adverbial expenses were avoided lightly. However, the two swords of the right-handed warrior have been aimed at Busabi's face without giving a gap. This time, he raised a long sword to stop it. However, the blade of the right-handed sword has been attacking the loophole of Busabi like a master of double swords. The adverbial expenses were put on the defensive.In every respect, it seemed certain that the right-handed team would win. Nevertheless, the non-commissioned officer showed no signs of panic. While being cornered, Busavi's long sword attacked one side of the right field. Then, the upper body of Woo Jin-young, who had launched such a terrifying wave attack, began to be disturbed. As one aspect of the double sword collapsed, a powerful blow from the non-commissioned officer was imposed. Then, the sharp double swords of Woopae-sayoung were broken at the same time. It was a victory for Busavi. Now, only the final match between Busavi and Ko Young-bang remains. The success of the glad sword and the long sword determined the loser of the martial arts competition. The drum rang and the chwita musician played to announce the final match to determine the winner of the martial arts competition. Busabi and Ko Young-bang stared at each other. One of the two was the hegemony of the martial arts competition. Although this martial arts competition is not a national competition, the winner will be treated accordingly because it is comparable to the national competition. Ko Young-bang took out the cotton sword and raised the long sword. The smoke field was silent and silent. Ko Young-bang attacked Busavi first. Busavi tried to avoid Ko Young-bang's sword lightly, but Ko Young-bang's sword has already penetrated the vital point of Busavi. It seemed that Busavi was not Ko Young-bang's rival. Busabi quickly realized that Ko Young-bang's swordsmanship was formidable. No, I have already grasped that point when Ko Young-bang competed with Hwang Bo-shin. So I thought about how to overcome Ko Young-bang. Busavi judged that it was time for him to practice his polished swordplay. I couldn't back down any further. Busabi had never officially used the swordsmanship he had trained until the end. Even his teacher allowed him to go down, saying that he realized the reason of the sword. A steward staggered by Ko Young-bang's sword blocked Ko Young-bang's sword for a moment and performed the sword technique he learned. It was a sword technique in which hundreds of blades, or hundreds, increased to thousands, and continued to attack without a break. As Busabi's sword unfolded solemnly, Ko Young-bang's sword collapsed. A huge monster was trapped in an iron net and couldn't move. The non-commissioned officer handled the opponent's sword with ease. "Wow!" Applause poured out of the crowd and shouts rang out. It was a surprise to see Busavi win. Ko Young-bang admitted to defeat by himself, knowing that he was not a rival for the non-commissioned officer. Busabi became the winner of the martial arts competition. The hero of Goguryeo who punished the future generations, and the Busabi who stood alone against the invasion of Khitan! Winning the martial arts tournament proved clearly that this was never a false name. General Kojin called up a noncommissioned officer. He then delivered the knighthood and prize awarded to the winner of the martial arts competition. After this ceremony, the banquet began with the chwita instrument playing. Prince Damdeok personally poured a glass to Busabi. Originally, in the national competition, it was a rule to pour eoju to the winner, but Damdeok replaced this. Prince Damdeok recognized at a glance that Busabi was a calm and competent young general. He watched the progress of the martial arts competition. He had already predicted that the Busavi would win. Other participants revealed all the martial arts they were learning in the process of advancing to the finals. However, Busavi did not show his unique martial arts until he reached the final. Not revealing the principle of self-examination meant that martial arts had reached a high level. It was also that he could grasp all the weaknesses and strengths of others without revealing his own weaknesses. Therefore, Prince Damdeok saw that Busabi would win. What Prince Damdeok was curious about was whether he could do so in the final. However, to do so, Ko Young-bang's level of cleanliness was very high. As Busabi raised the glass of Damdeok, the atmosphere of the banquet hall became more ripe. "Today's swordplay was great." "Thank you, Your Majesty!" "Do you mind if I ask you what is the swordplay today?" Prince Damdeok asked Busabi politely. Damdeok felt the principle of swordsmanship taught by old Shin Geum in the swordsmanship developed by Busabi. "I applied the logic of the waterfall to swordplay... The name of the special swordsmanship is not yet..." "Then you can call it the waterfall swordsmanship." "I'm honored," Prince Damdeok asked with a boyish curiosity while looking at Moduru this time. "You're also the winner of the National Heavy Industries Competition, so what would happen if you were to face the Busavi Wisa?" "I guess so." It will melt into the swordplay of the waterfall." Everyone laughed loudly when Da Lu pretended to be uncharacteristically frightened and even waved his hands. Prince Damdeok looked at Busabi and Moduru. There was little confidence in these young generals with spirit and spirit. His eyes were not the eyes of the little prince, but the eyes of the commander who would lead these generals. "If you join them, you will be able to save the troubled country from the crisis." While Prince Damdeok was thinking about this, the atmosphere of the banquet hall was getting hotter. General Ko Jin also shouted in a loud voice, "I think I've made a lot of alcohol on this happy occasion." "How dare a country like Koguryo, when the spirit of a young general is like this? Moreover, the wise Prince Damdeok is holding out... The future of this country will be brilliant." "..." "Now, let's toast to Prince Damdeok." "Long live Prince Damdeok!" "Long live Goguryeo!" The people of the banquet hall shouted Prince Damdeok at the words of General Kojin. The true meaning of this martial arts competition was not the martial arts competition itself. He was proud of the Goguryeo people's martial arts and spirit. It was to remove the spirit of defeat that existed reluctantly in the mind, demonstrate Goguryeo's power, and take full advantage of its influence. Prince Damdeok successfully solved this problem. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Heavenly Kingdom, and Daeguryeo.

Western Greatness Series 8, Democracy

 Glittering and disappearing in Athens, ancient Greece, in the 5th century B.C.E. Afterwards...... Dudung... It was revived after the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the French Revolution in 1789. In England, the king's authority was limited after the honorary revolution in the 17th century. Later, France developed through the July 1830 Revolution and the February 1848 Revolution. The defeat of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 and the occupation of Paris by the Reds in the commune, all overcame and developed the Third Republic. Britain and France gave voting rights to all adult men, including the poor, in the 1880s. After World War I in 1918, democratic republics were established in Germany and Eastern Europe, but all economic depressions in the 30s were fascinated. Japan mimicked the same thing in the 20s, but the same is true. In other words, the middle class, which is essential for democracy... ... money! In 1936, Leon Blume's left-wing regime appeared in France, shaking off the status of democracy, but this is an opportunity for Hitler. chaos in France However, in World War II, Germany, Italy, and Japan, all of them became developed democracies under the U.S. subordination. The Anglo-American countries, France, and Northern Europe have been around since the 19th century. However, in the Third World and the Soviet Communist bloc, there are many fascists and reds... ...the products of the Cold War. Even southern European countries such as Spain and Greece had a fascist military dictatorship until the 1970s. However, after Franco's death, democracy and accession to the European Union were achieved, and democracy was hoped in the third world such as the Philippines, South Korea and Chile. In 1986, Marcos Imelda, famous in the Philippines, was driven out by the popular revolution. A great deal of corruption (Imelda is the first lady and 30,000 pairs of shoes)? I've been a queen for more than 20 years. At this time, Gong 5 put up placards saying, "We are different from the Philippines...Mini West Germany..." What do you mean different? Is economic development different? In any case, Chun Doo-hwan of the 5th Communist Party also tried to hold office for a long time, but handed over power to his friend Roh Tae-woo in June 1987, and then progressed democratization......... to Roho Prefecture...... Chile stepped down in 1990 after Pinochet tried to develop the military economy. These Third World dictatorships were supported by the United States to prevent the Reds. But... ...Romania's Chausescu was shot dead after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989... democratization in the Eastern bloc With the end of the Cold War, the U.S. is forced to take risks... ...and as a result, the collapse of the dictatorship in Zaire, Africa in 1997, and the collapse of the Suharto regime in Indonesia the following year... ...or rather, these little Hitlers. As a result, in the 1990s, there were only the United States, Japan, and Western Europe before, including Russia, a super-large new democracy. Including our South Korea. On top of that, the resistance... ...is China, the largest dictatorship. However, even China is experiencing significant changes in its political system following the death of Deng Xiaoping in 1997. Single-person dictatorship => Collective dictatorship. Taiwan is also a democratic country with the lifting of martial law in 1988 and the change of government in 1996, as 21-year-old Francis Fukuyama said, "The End of History?" Just as this Japanese-American scholar predicted just before the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the system of advanced countries in Japan and the United States is in its final stages in this book! It's close to utopia!............................................................................................................................................ The ancestor of today's young friends, another great democratic nation, is the Republic of India, which was founded in 1948. Surprisingly, without a single coup, without a break in the constitution... ...it is a miserable democracy in poor, miserable democracy. This is a rough summary of the history of democracy. I'm out of breath. ============================================================== Peron. Democracy in which everyone participates in political decisions can also be found in primitive societies. In clan society and tribal society, there were not a few examples of members of society participating in the political decision-making process. In the political tradition of Western society, the concept of democracy originated in Greece, as the word 'democratos' came from the ancient Greek city-state. Democracy developed in the city-state of ancient Greece was only direct democracy. All citizens became 'legislators' and participated directly. Women at this time did not have the right to vote, and slave system existed. Of course, the principle of equality was respected in the democratic system of ancient society, but the idea of equality among all based on universality did not exist. In addition, in ancient society, it was a democracy practiced in a small urban country with a population of about 10,000, so all citizens could participate directly, and thus, a representative system or something was not developed. Greek democracy flourished greatly around the 5th century BC, but Greek democracy began to fade in the early 5th century BC when Athens, a democratic country, lost the war against Sparta, an oligarchic country. And in the middle of the 2nd century BC, Greece was conquered by Rome, an oligarchic country, and the withering democracy disappeared. Since then, democracy has been buried in human history for more than 2,000 years. However, from the late 17th century, democratic ideas began to rise again and revived in the 18th century. The leading democratic thinker is British J. Locke. In the Civil Government Theory of 1690, he argued that the government was organized under a social contract, so it was obligated to guarantee citizens' property, life, and freedom. It is said that society has the right to resist if a ruler invades the rights of citizens, and that the way to prevent abuse of power by the government is to separate the two powers of the executive and legislative branches. Montesquieu of France then emphasized the need for the separation of powers by adding the third judicial independence to the second volume of administration and legislation in the Spirit of Law in 1748. After that, in 1762, J.J. Rousseau of Geneva argued for national sovereignty through the Social Contract Theory. He argued that all laws cannot be recognized for their legality unless they represent the consensus of the people, and that the people cannot fulfill their social responsibilities unless they participate in the process of forming consensus. It emphasizes the rights and responsibilities of democratic citizens. The democratic ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau became the spiritual pillars of the American Revolution, the enactment of the Constitution, and the French Revolution. The United States, once a British colony, opposed the taxes imposed by its home country. The logic was that Americans could not pay taxes unilaterally imposed by the UK when U.S. representatives were not present, that is, "no taxation without representatives." The Declaration of Independence of the United States, adopted on July 4, 1776, documented the basics of human freedom and emphasized that "all humans were created equal, given certain unalienable rights by the Creator, and born with the right to pursue life, freedom, and happiness." In addition, the Declaration of Independence declared that all power should come from the consent of the people, should be newly organized when the government loses its legitimacy, and that the government should promote the safety and happiness of the people most effectively. The U.S. Constitution, enacted in 1787, stipulated the separation of powers for the first time in mankind and codified the liberal democratic system. It brought about the beginning of the modern democratic political system. However, slaves flourished in the United States at that time, and women's suffrage was not recognized. Women's suffrage only began to be raised in the United States in 1848, and it was completed in 1920, and slave system was abolished only in 1863 when A. Lincoln declared the Emancipation Decree. The French Revolution of 1789 was intended to break down the feudal system and build on the spirit of freedom, equality, and philanthropy. The Declaration of Human and Civil Rights, declared in August of the same year, is the first human rights declaration in Europe. It was revealed that humans have the right to freedom and equality from birth, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that the people are not sued, arrested, or detained unless stipulated by law. For 15 years after the French Revolution, Napoleon ascended to the throne in 1804, France moved from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy and then to a democracy, and then retreated back to the emperor's dictatorship. The French Revolution succeeded in spreading the idea that the people were the masters of the country, but failed to establish a political system based on democratic principles. However, the French Revolution inspired the concept of equality based on the philosophy of Enlightenment, the idea of sovereignty, and the sense of participation of all citizens in the political process throughout Europe. The establishment of a liberal democratic government in the United States and the French Revolution have brought about a democratic reform in Europe. Britain has long developed a democracy based on parliamentary systems. In 1215, British nobles and clergy made the king sign the Great Charter Magna Carta to check the king's tyranny. Magna Carta prevented the king from imposing heavy taxes on the lord and the people, recognized the power of the aristocracy and the subjects, and stipulated that imprisonment and deportation must be tried. Magna Carta was intended to protect the privileges of the clergy and nobles and to check the royal authority, not to be a modern democratic measure for the freedom of the people, but to form the basis of the British parliamentary system. When Henry III ignored Magnacarta and illegally collected taxes, in 1272, priests and nobles gathered even the subjects and held another meeting to discuss the issues. This is the origin of the British parliamentary system. In the UK, the "Petition of Right" was also adopted in 1628, making it impossible to tax the people without the consent of parliament and force them to stay in private housing. In addition, personal imprisonment should not be conducted without national law, and martial law should not be enforced in peacetime. In addition, the Tory Party, which is set in the background of the noble landlord, and the Whig Party, which is based on emerging businessmen, appeared in the 17th century, and the two-party system developed early on. The responsible cabinet system was also introduced, but it was only for the aristocratic-centered ruling class. Britain was under oligarchy until the end of the 18th century, when the Revolution broke out in the United States and the Revolution broke out in France.

However, in 1832, the 'Reform Bill' was passed in England, which granted suffrage to the middle class. It was in 1929 that a completely common election system for gender equality was implemented. The reform law was influenced by the utilitarian ideas of J. Bentham and J. Mill. However, British democratization based on gradual reform developed into a constitutional monarchy that recognized the existence of kings, and Britain's constitutional monarchy influenced many European countries. In addition, democracy in the United States and Europe has become a model for democratic development in other underdeveloped regions. Democracy appeared in a unique form against the background of each region's unique politics and culture.

Alexander Gwanggaeto Ho-tae of Northeast Asia 1. Wind on the western border. (9)

 As she sat down shyly, Taduru laughed and said, "When I see Jincho, my whole head feels confused." "Why are you like that?" "Did I get a younger sister or a younger sister?" Her face flushed and recalled. Busabi replied, watching this with a loving heart. "Huh! What are you talking about?" "Did I say something wrong?" "No, I didn't." "If it was my sister-in-law, I would have been my sister-in-law, and if it was my sister-in-law, what kind of sister-in-law?" "Is that how it works?" "I don't know..." When all of them pretended to be, Busabi and Jincho laughed silently. "Sir, no, sister-in-law!" "I'll have a drink." Jincho filled the two of their cups with wine at the words of Alluru. They drank their cups coolly. The wine I drank in a pleasant mood was excellent. They filled the cup again and recommended it with joyful expressions. Chinchow looked at it and asked curiously. Not long ago, they had sad faces. "What's the good news?" "Good news? Well, sure." To the question of Chinchou, everyone answered with an excited look. "....." "How great is it that this Liaodongseong Fortress is reviving with Goguryeo's spirit?" "Are you talking about Prince Damdeok holding a martial arts competition?" "That's right." "Otherwise, everything people say these days is about the martial arts competition with Prince Damdeok." Everyone's telling me I'm going to be invaded." "So how good is it?" He said in a natural tone that the adverb fee was. Then Jin-cho glanced at his face, and cautiously spoke again. "Then can the soldiers play?" "Yes." Not only the soldiers, but all the martial arts can participate. But why?" asked Busavi, curiously. "Then you two should also participate..." She shut her mouth as if it was uncomfortable to say the end, and Busabi stared at Jincho. "So, Mrs. Jincho bowed her head as if she were ashamed of Jincho when she said, "I hope we will participate in the martial arts competition..." "That's it! It's not that difficult, but..." Allou looked at Busabi's face as he spoke. Moduru was a young general who had already won a national championship. Therefore, it was not appropriate to attend this martial arts competition. In terms of punishment alone, Busabi was a man who deserved the general's protection for his achievements. Against this backdrop, it was awkward to participate in the martial arts competition. Of course, trying to participate was not a big problem. The steward examined the ground slowly. Her eyes were filled with earnest expectations. She wasn't a woman who liked to be put forward. However, she expressed her desire to participate in the martial arts competition and show her skills honestly. It was a different look from any other time. "Nangja! Do you want me to participate in a martial arts competition?" asked Busabi, looking at Jincho, small but clear. "If I had seen your martial arts skills... and again..." "What else?" "To revenge the Koran army..." was a faint voice, but Busabi understood what she wanted. Jincho doesn't mean to show off his martial arts skills, but he wants to see if he can revenge the Khitan army. He was surprised again that a woman as innocent as a child still had a vengeance in her heart. Busabi had never forgotten the atrocities of the Khitan people. I was anxious to confirm my sister's life or death. But he endured it. It was only because I couldn't do anything on my own. "I want revenge, too, but how can I forget about Jincho, who saw the whole family being killed in front of my eyes?" "If the will of Jincho is true, I will participate in my martial arts competition."" The vice-president revealed his determination. "Really?" asked Chincho, confirming again with a delighted look. "Of course," said Busby again. His voice was firm as if to convey the iron determination of a man who would never waver once he had made up his mind. Busabi made up her mind when she saw the way she liked it. There was a moment of silence, saying, "I must conquer and stop the rebellion, my enemy of Jincho, and the enemy of the former Goguryeo people." Alluru watched their conversation seriously. "Well, here is the winner of the martial arts contest. I didn't know that, and I wondered for no reason who would win." They laughed and raised their glasses at the joke of Moduru. I thought I would drink as much as I want today. Perhaps that's why their drinks were busier. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Heavenly Kingdom, and Daeguryeo.