History of the Three Kingdoms of the Sui War in Goguryeo

 On the fifth day of the first lunar month of 612, Yang Jie issued a report and said, "The little things of Goguryeo foolishly and impertinently gathered between Balhae and Galseok to encroach on the land of Yowa. Although the den was briefly demolished by repeated subjugations of one country and above, many years later, the tribes gathered again. In the past generation, things that gathered little by little like fish and birds in the stream and swamp have now spread and multiplied to this day. Looking back on the beautiful rivers such as Liaodong, Hyeonto, and Nakrang, all of them have now become land of orangkae, and as time has passed, sin has already been filled. Heavenly people are angry with the wicked, and signs of their defeat have already appeared. There are countless cases in which they damage morality, and there is an abundance of unexposed atrocities and sneaky thoughts in their hearts. The king has never directly received a strict order issued by the rules, and he was reluctant to come (the king) in person even during the ritual of joining the army. Tempted Chinese traitors countless times, and placed a scapegoat on the periphery, often tormented our captains. As a result, public security was not stabilized, and the people abandoned their livelihoods. In the past, when the problem was conquered, they escaped from the world. When they were captured before, they were released without killing them, and when they surrendered later, they were not punished. However, they did not think of such grace, but rather joined the forces of Khitan, who committed crimes, to kill our guards in the sea, and to invade Yoseo after Malgal's actions. In addition, all Eastern countries are well-given, and when all countries in the coastal area reach the New Year, they send envoys to China to collect congratulatory messages, and Goguryeo steals tribute items and blocks envoys from other countries. They are abusing the innocent and hurting the faithful. When the cart carrying the angel's envoy goes to Haedong, the journey of the Imperial Court passes through the borders of its subordinate country, and Goguryeo blocks the road and rejects our envoy, which means that it has no intention of serving the king. How can this be called the manners of a servant? If you forgive this kind of behavior, what kind of behavior can't you forgive? In addition, it is customary in Goguryeo to have harsh laws and heavy wealth, and powerful servants and powerful bees take power of the country and collude with parties. The goods they give and receive as bribes form a market, so the people have no place to complain of unfair circumstances. Every year, disasters and famine occur repeatedly, and the war does not stop, and the servants continue indefinitely, and as they work hard to carry war supplies, their tired bodies collapse into the valley. Who will rid these people of their worries and suffering? Since the entire area of Goguryeo is immersed in such sadness and fear, its evils are indescribable. If you turn your head and look at the minds of the people, they each seek to preserve life, and even the elderly and children lament the harshness of politics. I have come to the north to observe the customs of the country, and I will comfort the people, and I will sin against those who are guilty, so that they will never come again. Therefore, I will lead the Yuksa, light the Gubeol, save the critical person, obey heaven, and defeat this traitor to continue the will of my ancestors. Now they should begin their march according to the rules of the army, but they will divide the ranks and head for their destination, and they will cover the Balhae, make it vibrate like thunder, trample on Buyeo, and sweep it like lightning. They will march after arranging their weapons and armor and alerting the troops, and they will start fighting after instructing them again and again to win a victory. The 12th army on the left will march toward Nubang, Jangjam, Myeonghae, Gaema, Geonan, Namso, Yodong, Hyeonto, Buyeo, Joseon, Okjeo, Honmi, Im Dun, Huseong, Jehaedon, Dapdon, Sooksin, Galseok, Dong, Daebang, and Yangpyeong." The total number of soldiers was 1,133,800, which was said to be 2 million in appearance. However, the number of people in charge of transporting military supplies doubled. In the Sui Dynasty, ancestral rites were held to the god of land in Sanggeonsu, south of Imsakgung Palace to the chief priest, and north of Gyeseong Fortress to Mazo. Yangje appointed a commander himself, and each army had one commander and 40 cavalry. There are 100 people in one unit, and one group is in the teens. The infantry was in their 80s, divided into four stages, and each stage had one captain, and the armor of the platform, the string of the helmet, and the color of the flag were different. One group was dispatched every day, but the mutual distance was 40 ri. Each military camp started one after another. After 40 days, the departure was complete. The back of one column and the front of the next were connected, and the drums and trumpets were heard one after another, and the flags stretched out 960 ri. There are 12th, 3rd, 5th, and 9 o'clock in the emperor's camp, and they divided the six groups of internal and external, postwar, and left and right and started afterwards. The line also stretched out 80 miles. Since ancient times, the dispatch of soldiers has never been so great. In February, Emperor Yang led the army to reach Jesus. All the soldiers gathered and camped in front of the river. Our soldiers defended with water in between, so soldiers from several countries could not cross. Yangje ordered Umungae, a study library, to build three pontoons on the western hill of Josu. And after it was completed, I tried to lead the pontoon bridge to the eastern hill. However, the pontoon bridge was about one short, so it could not reach the hill. At this time, our soldiers attacked us greatly. Among the soldiers of several countries, the swift and brave jumped into the water and fought a close battle, but our soldiers attacked from a high place, so the soldiers of several countries could not climb the hill. There were a lot of soldiers killed in the war in several countries. Since General Mac jumped up the hill and died along with the former Sa-ung and Maeng-cha, the Sui army soon rolled up the pontoon and returned to the western hill. Yangje ordered Sobugam Hajo to extend the pontoon bridge again. The bridge was completed in two days. All the troops crossed one after another, and a great battle broke out on the eastern hill. Our soldiers were greatly defeated, resulting in nearly 10,000 deaths. Several units of the Sui Dynasty advanced on a winning streak and surrounded Liaodongseong Fortress. Liaodongseong Fortress is Yangpyeongseong Fortress during the time of a country. When the two emperors came to Yo, they issued a record to pardon prisoners across the country, ordered monks above the brother-in-law, etc. to serve the local people on the left side of the temple, exempt them from military service for 10 years, and set up county prefectures to rule there. In May in the summer, Yangje gave them the following warning in the early stages of several countries' generals coming east. "Be sure to report to me the progress of all the soldiers, and wait for my instructions, and do not act arbitrarily!" At this time, our soldiers in Liaodong were defending the city, saying that it was harmful to fight frequently. Yangje ordered several soldiers to strike Liaodongseong Fortress, and ordered several generals, so that if Goguryeo surrendered, they would be defeated and accepted, and the soldiers would not be allowed to engage in self-indulgent actions. The people in the castle repeatedly said they would surrender when the city was about to fall. However, the generals of several countries failed to take timely action under the direction of Yang Zi, and first sent a report to Yang Zi. However, whenever the bulletin came, the castle was equipped with defense and came out and protested from time to time. This situation continued two or three times, but Yangje did not notice it at last, and the castle did not surrender for a long time. On June, at the end of the month, Emperor Yang went to the south of Liaodongseong Fortress to observe the situation of the fortresses and ponds, and immediately called several generals to scold them and said, "Are you going to treat me as a fool, believing in my family and my people?" When I was in Seoul the day before, you didn't want me to come here because you were afraid of your shortcomings. Now that I have come here, I have seen your actions, and I am trying to cut your throats, but you are now afraid to die, and you do not think I can kill you?" all the generals shuddered with fear. Yangje stayed a few miles to the west of the castle and watched the Yuxi Castle, but all our cities remained firm and did not surrender. The distance from Pyongyang was 60 ri when the left-wing general, Nae Ho-ah, led a fleet of hundreds of ri carrying the naval forces of the river and the conference, came from the guardian through the sea. When we encountered our soldiers, they advanced and we were defeated. Naehoa tried to advance to the castle on a winning streak. However, the vice minister's state law was dissuaded, and he waited for several soldiers to come and asked them to advance together. Naeho did not listen and selected tens of thousands of elite soldiers and came straight to the castle. At this time, our general hid the soldiers in an empty temple in Oeseong, dispatched the soldiers to fight with Naehoa, and pretended to be defeated falsely. Naehoa chased into the city, released the soldiers, seized the people, looted their wealth, and was unable to maintain the ranks. At this time, our hidden soldiers were dispatched, and Naehoa was defeated. Naehoa managed to escape being prisoners, and only thousands of soldiers returned alive. Our soldiers chased to the dock. However, our military immediately stepped down as the laws of the several countries' generals are preparing for the camp by overhauling it. Nai Ho-ah took the soldiers back to the beach and stationed them, and never dared to respond and contact other soldiers again. Left-wing general General Right-wing General Right-wing General Right-wing General Right-wing General Right-wing General Right-wing General Right-wing General Right-wing General Wonhang Goes to Yodong, Right-wing General Seol Se-woong Goes to Hyeongeo, Right-wing General Jang Geun-eun Goes to Yangpyeong, and right-hoo General Cho Hyo-jae Goes. Soldiers such as Umun liquor gave 100 days' worth of food to soldiers and horses, respectively, in the two Jin areas of know-how and members, and also gave armor, short spear, long spear, cloth, combat equipment, and tents. As a result, each military carried more than three islands of luggage, and could not bear the weight.

Umun liquor ordered the soldiers to "behead those who throw away grain on the way." All the soldiers dug a hole under the tent and buried it. Accordingly, when they marched only halfway through, the military already almost ran out. At this time, the king sent Eulji Mundeok to the military camps of several countries instead to surrender falsely. However, the truth was that they wanted to see if they were capable. Prior to this, Wu Jungmun was receiving secret instructions from Yangje to capture King Goryeo or Eulji Mundeok if there was a chance to come, so Wu Jungmun tried to catch Eulji Mundeok. However, Yu Sa-ryong, the winner of the Sangseo, was here as a conscriptor and strongly stopped him. When Wu Jung-mun finally heard this, he made Eulji Mundeok return. Wu Zhongmun immediately regretted it and told Mundeok whether he would send a man or not. "If you want to say something again, you can come again." But Eulji Mundeok crossed the Yalu River without looking back. Ujungmun and Umun liquor missed Eulji Mundeok and were anxious inside. Umun liquor was said to have run out of supplies, so he tried to return. Woo Jung-moon told Woo Mun-sul that he would succeed if he chased Mun-deok with an elite unit, so Woo Mun-sul was strongly dried. The middle gate raised his voice and said, "How dare you look at the emperor when the general has 100,000 soldiers and cannot break the enemy?" And I guessed beforehand that there would be no ball in this conquest. Because the great masters of the past made a contribution because one man decided about military affairs, but now we each have different minds, how can we beat the enemy?" At that time, Yangje said this because Jungmun said that his tactics and strategies were excellent, and that all the units were asked to consult on the matters of command. Due to this, Umun liquor and others reluctantly crossed the Yalu River with various generals and chased Eulji Mundeok as Woo Jungmun said. Eulji Mundeok ran away whenever he fought to tire them out because he saw the soldiers of Umun liquor hungry. Umun Liquor fought seven times a day and won all seven times. They became confident because of the fact that they had won many times, and were also pushed by the opinions of many people, and soon marched east and crossed the salsa. They reached 30 ri away from Pyongyang Castle and camped on the mountain. Eulji Mundeok sent a person again to pretend to surrender falsely and asked Umun Sul, "If you go back with your soldiers, I will take the king to prevent it." Umun Liquor knew that his soldiers were tired and unable to fight again, and that Pyongyang was too strong to be captured early, so he listened to our lies and went back. Umun Liquor marched with a bang. At that time, our soldiers attacked us on all sides. Umun liquor and others fought on the one hand and marched on the other. In July of the fall, when Umun Sul's soldiers reached Salsau and crossed the river in half, our soldiers attacked their subsequent units from the rear. General Shin Se-woong, the enemy general, died here. Then several units collapsed at once and couldn't be controlled. The general and his soldiers ran away, marching 450 li to the Yalu River one day and one night. Sui-Nara's general, Cheonsoo's Wang Injo, became a rearguard and blocked our soldiers to defeat them. Naehoa also retreated after hearing rumors that Umun liquor had been defeated. However, only the army of the above Munseung was intact. When the 9th Army first arrived in Liaodong, the total number was 305,000. When it returned to Liaodongseong Fortress, there were only 2,700, and tens of thousands of military and military equipment were exhausted. Yangje was very angry, so he tied Umun liquor in chains and returned to Gyemyo-il. In the first place, when the king of Baekje sent envoys to several countries to ask them to attack Goguryeo, Yangje gave Baekje a glimpse of our sympathy, but at this time, the king of Baekje was secretly exchanging information with us. When soldiers from several countries were dispatched, the king of Baekje asked his subordinate, Guk Ji-mo, to go to several countries and inform them of the date when the soldiers from both countries would meet. Yangje was very happy and gave a generous reward, and sent Sangseo Donation and Seokryul to Baekje to inform the date when the soldiers of the two countries would meet. When soldiers from several countries crossed the border, Baekje also declared that it would reorganize its troops at the border and cooperate with the several countries, but in reality supported both sides. In this fight, the Sui Dynasty only took away our area from the west of Yosu and established Liaodong-gun and Tongjeongjin.

Deoksugung Palace surveyors also found...The current size is 1/3 of the original size... 18 buildings that have disappeared appear.

 The current scale of the discovery of the original map of Deoksugung Palace is one-third of the original... With the appearance of 18 disappeared buildings, Deoksugung Palace buildings such as Gyeonghyojeon Hall, which enshrines the spirit of the king or queen, and Seonwonjeon Hall, which enshrines previous kings' faces, can be restored to the original size. This is because a "Deoksugung Palace floor plan" showing the size of the building in Deoksugung Palace was found. The Deoksugung Restoration Literature Research Group, launched by the Cultural Heritage Administration for the Deoksugung Restoration Project, announced on the 9th that it found an actual drawing of Deoksugung Palace produced between 1907 and 1910 at Jangseogak of the Korea Institute of Science. It is not only the oldest drawing of Deoksugung Palace, but it is also meaningful because it is the only drawing that informs how many compartments each building had, unlike the existing drawings that only describe the appearance of the building. According to the floor plan found this time, more than 18 buildings and doors disappeared from Deoksugung Palace, and nearly 30 disappeared including small buildings without names. The scale of the drawing is 1,200th, 102cm wide and 71cm long. It is a blue print that copies the original drawing, and does not include the creator or the time. However, it is presumed to have been produced between 1907 and 1910 in that the site of Deoksugung Seokjojeon Hall (completed in 1910) was empty, and Seungnyeongbu was displayed to honor King Gojong who abdicated the emperor to King Sunjong in 1907. It contains decisive information on restoring about 30 buildings (including doors), including Dondeokjeon Hall, Hwanbyeokjeong Pavilion, which is a Western-style building, and a math center established for modern education of royal and noble children. Cultural Heritage Committee members Kim Dong-hyun and Kim Dong-wook and Gyeongju University professor Lee Kang-geun, who investigated the drawings, welcomed, saying, "We can properly know the reality of Deoksugung Palace during the Korean Empire (1897-1910). ◆ Deoksugung Palace of Pungwoon = The real name of Deoksugung Palace (Historic Site No. 124), which watched the last flame and fall of the Joseon Dynasty's revival. King Gojong, who stayed at the Russian legation shortly after the Empress Myeongseong death (1895), moved to Gyeongungung Palace in 1897, declared the establishment of the Korean Empire, and became emperor, igniting the revival of the Joseon Dynasty. King Gojong built a series of new buildings, including six Western houses, including Jeong Gwan-heon, Seokjojeon, and Jungmyeongjeon, who enjoyed music. A kindergarten for the education of Princess Deokhye, a famous daughter, was also established in Junmyeongdang. However, in 1907, King Gojong, who was forcibly deposed, was renamed Deoksugung Palace in the sense of wishing him a long life, and collapsed with the dynasty. After King Gojong died in 1919, buildings in the precincts were demolished one after another, and the timber of the building was sold through open bidding. The Japanese also planted 500 cherry trees to decorate Deoksugung Palace as a park like Changgyeonggung Palace. Currently, Deoksugung Palace only has one-third of its heyday left. The site of the cut-off next to Daehanmun Gate has been changed to the square in front of Taepyeong-ro and Seoul City Hall, and the main building of the Salvation Army and the site of the old Gyeonggi Girls' High School are located in the math center and Seonwonjeon area in the north. Jeongdong Theater and Jeongdong Culture and Arts Center were built around Jungmyeongjeon Hall, which still remains.

February 1597, Yi Sun-shin's Busan artillery attack.

 It is often known that Yi Sun-shin refused to participate before being dismissed from the controller, but the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty clearly record that he attacked Busanpo. "Seonjo 085 30/02/23 (Gapsin)/Dowonsu Gwonyul's Chigye," Dowonsu Kwon Yul said, "The weather was mild on the 10th at the Chibo of Gyeongsang Woobyeongsa Kim Eung-seo. Me, the controller, and the superior Gyeongsang, with 63 ships on the front at once, set sail from Jangmunpo at sunrise and anchored off Busan at Misi, and the Japanese enemy was shaking a lot and tried to resist by sending 300 troops. At the end of the day, when the naval forces retreated to Jeolyeongdo Island and anchored, the Japanese enemies also entered our camp again. When it was dark, Yoshira came out by boat and said in the meaning of the president, "I wanted to send someone to pay my respects immediately, but I was afraid of other people's words, so I couldn't send them immediately.」 Then, he secretly conveyed the president's words, "I bluffed to the Japanese generals of various camps in advance and said, 'Because Joseon has been at war for a long time now, it is not known whether it will win because it is familiar with mercenary tactics and prepares many battleships. After Jeongjeong crossed the sea, the Koreans were angry because he released the soldiers for a while and killed people. On the 8th, 9th, and 10th of this month, the naval forces will surely go out to the coast of Busan to anchor and cut off the transfer, but how can we not be worried that our situation will be ruined afterwards? It is also said that the number of naval forces reaches nearly 1,000 ships. In Gakjin, take a close look at the Japanese under the jurisdiction and stop provoking the anger of Joseon by acting arbitrarily.I said, "But now that I look at the naval forces, the number is very small and not solemn, so the words I spread turn out to be false, and I am ashamed of myself. Now this scheme is not for anything else. When Cheongjeong first received an order from Gwanbaek, he firmly said, "The Joseon people have already been killed by Japan, and there are few soldiers left, so if I go out with a soldier again, how can I come and apologize to the prince?" I will be able to take over the land and take it away, so how can my actions be the same as the president?』 He did. He believed in the words of cleanliness and finally broke his promise, which made him very angry. If you gather more battleships within a day or two to show great influence, Jeong Seong and others will condemn the cleanliness, saying, "You have been shouting loudly in front of the government office about invading Joseon again, so take responsibility and repel it quickly.He will come down to the sea to fight, so it is safe to attack him at this time. From then on, the Japanese will not despise Joseon, so don't take this great event seriously.」 He did. He also said, "If the soldier stays for four to five days, the president and sincerity will go ahead and see him, so Yoshira will follow him then."」 he said, turning back Shim Gi-ri's personal letter.   "It was not a very good plan to stay in the enemy's place for a long time as a lonely soldier, usually because the sailors of faraway provinces did not arrive at once. Even if the cleanliness is lured, the wind is impure in the near future, and the sea in front of Seosaengpo is facing the East Sea, and the waves are very rough, but it will be difficult for a lonely ship to dock. Arriving at the sea east of Gadeokdo Island, the Japanese enemy was hiding and peeping, and hit one of the first children and killed them, and took five. The controller said to me, "The Japanese enemy of Gadeok-do killed our first child, so I can't help but ask for sin.」 That's what I thought, too. Therefore, when the ship was moving forward again, the enemies knew that it was difficult to confront themselves, so they lived in a rough place and defended themselves. When I drove the boat on which Usu of Angolpo Manho was riding, I moved 17 people with me and rushed to the front of the enemy, and fired countless cannons, Usu fell and died directly in sight of about 10 Japanese enemies, and returned to Yeongdeungpo at sunset to prepare for a change.   On the 14th of the following day, Yoshira came from Angolpo to Jinchin by boat and said, "Today, Jeongjeong, Jukdo, the Japanese general of Angolpo, the president of Angolpo, and Jeongseong gathered in Angolpo to discuss with each other. "The Joseon naval forces are rampant like this, so if they can attack, attack them, and if they can't, don't hit them.Many generals said, "Let's sign a written oath not to collide until the order of the Chinese government returns, and send it to the government officials, and those who do not follow orders and move forward or retreat arbitrarily."』 The rest of the generals signed, "Until the Chinese government responds, we pledge not to violate the boundaries of Geoje, Chilwon, Changwon, Jinhae, Haman, Jinju, Goseong, and Sacheon." From then on, it is okay to catch anyone who goes deep innocent while hunting.Cheongjeong did not sign at first, but asked, "How many troops can the Joseon front carry on a ship?"』 Hani, Jeongseong and others said, "I heard in detail from those who enter and exit, and it is said that the number of people that can be loaded on a ship is 150 in the old army, 100 in the gunnery, and 60 in the Hwapo army.』 Let's see, the cleanliness said, "Then I can't invade lightly."』 he signed immediately. Therefore, it is impossible to clash from now on until the Chinese government orders. Joseon also has troops, so how can the naval forces not advance this time? The Japanese general of Gadeokdo Island also came to the president and said, "When there was a mutual engagement yesterday, six military officers and eight Zolwae were killed instantly by bullets, and 17 people who were not shot are lying in pain, but it is difficult to predict life or death.When I said, "This is a painting that you have called yourself," answered by the sincerity and the president of the bank answered. Why did you invade first and trigger anger? Return the captured Koreans as soon as possible.He said he would send it immediately.」 he said. When Yoshira was reminded by the controller's office to bring him back in, he made it clear that he would take him. In secret, he said, "Now, Cheongjeong conspired with the Japanese generals of Jukdo, Angolpo, and Gadeokdo Island, saying, "If Joseon attacks Honam and Yeongnam first in March, it will not necessarily be reluctant to send a prince in."』 Hani, many Japanese generals agreed, but only sincerity and bank president answered that it was impossible. Therefore, even if you think about it in all directions, there is no way to stop it. If a soldier writes and signs and sends it to the president, it will be returned to various generals and sent to the government office to prevent the scheme.So I answered, "What should I make a chief for you?" and he replied, "I have no particular intention of coming here with a boat this time." When the Chinese envoys went to the Imperial Court, there was a saying that they should not wage war at all until the Emperor took action, but many Japanese soldiers often entered the mainland, frightening women in the village, or killing the people. This is extremely surprising because it ignores the orders of government officials at the command of various Japanese generals. Why don't we ban such a fuss until we hear back from the Chinese government? For this reason, I just came here with a boat and asked for condensed milk.』 That's the content," he said. Making a chief in this way is related to holding them together, so he made them according to his circle. I am planning to return to Jin on the 15th-16th because my number of front lines is weak, so I cannot anchor at Seosaengpo Port, and I have no intention of participating in Cheongjeong, so even if I am here, there will be no benefit. When I visited the Japanese camp that passed by, the castle site was repaired, and all the equipment was twice as much as the previous day, making it difficult to go ahead and hit it. In Busan, there are 7,000 Japanese pirates, and the number of houses is 1,000 seats, and the total number of ships is about 70 ships, including large and small ships. Angolpo had 1,000 Japanese enemies, 200 houses, 40 ships, Gadeokdo Island had 500 Japanese enemies, 100 trillion houses, and 20 ships, and Jukdo Island was far from the mouth of the river, so it was impossible to investigate."   I haven't seen the reports of various naval generals yet, but it's very strange because it's very different from the reports of this report and the reports of land explorers. He did not mention any of the reasons for the misfire of the ship that Manho rode and the fact that people were taken after two ships were taken away, so I think he is hiding it. I will record these twists and turns in detail and report them again," but it was handed down to Bibyeonsa Temple.

Koguryo and Sui fighting forces?

 The Suseo says that the total number of troops invading Goguryeo was 1,138,800, twice that of heavy soldiers, but the reality is a little different. First of all, the several countries mobilized by the Goguryeo expeditionary forces at that time divided the entire army into 24 general armies and 6 SS armies. However, the first army in several countries at that time consisted of 4,000 cavalry, 8,000 infantry, 8,000 intensive and reinforcements, and 8,000 scouts, each of which consisted of about 20,000 soldiers. Based on this figure, the number of counties in Sui is 30 counties x 20,000 = 600,000. In other words, about 600,000 Sui troops were mobilized for the Goguryeo expedition. If you add about 70,000 marines to this, 600,000 + 70,000 = 670,000 people will be added, bringing the total number of Goguryeo invaders from several countries to 670,000. The hypothesis was proved by Lee Ki-hoon, the author of Korean history viewed as war, and David A. Graff, an expert on medieval Chinese warriors and author of Medieval Chinese Warfare: 300-900. In particular, David A. Graff proved that the Goguryeo expedition had 600,000 to 700,000 troops. 1. The total force of the Sui army mobilized for the Goguryeo expedition calculated 600,000 troops. 2. Suseo (the historical book of the Sui Dynasty) was the last emperor to conquer Yangje. The fact that it falls. However, the records at the time did not include large-scale deaths caused by the war. 4. The total number of soldiers mobilized by several countries in the Chinese Unification War was 518,000, but it does not make sense to mobilize 1 million for the Goguryeo expedition. Given that the number of troops mobilized in the Korean War was less than 600,000 due to the fact that they could mobilize more troops than Goguryeo because they were mobilized in a densely populated midfield. I'm holding my back. And if you look at the combat forces of the Sui Dynasty again, only 4,000 cavalry and 8,000 infantry belonging to each army of the Sui Dynasty can be classified into combat forces. Then, since there were about 12,000 combat troops in one army and a total of 30 troops in the Sui Dynasty, the number of combat troops in the Sioux countries was 12,000 x 30 = 360,000, and the number of combat troops was about 360,000. As my superiors pointed out, the Sui Dynasty's 1 million-strong military theory is unreasonable compared to other dynasties in China. First of all, the agricultural revolution rapidly increased the population and failed to mobilize 1 million people to the expeditionary forces in North Songdo, which had a population of 100 million. During the heyday, the number of troops in the Song Dynasty increased to 1.2 million, but the total number of troops included in the Song Dynasty's expeditionary forces was the largest at around 200,000 to 300,000. Even in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, the total force was 600,000 and the Tang Dynasty itself was less than 1 million. And the Ming Dynasty was the largest country in the Chinese dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, up to 3.3 million soldiers were registered on the government record. Of course, 3.3 million people could not be mobilized at once. In any case, even the Ming Dynasty, which had such tremendous military resources, had the largest number of troops mobilized for the expeditionary force of 500,000. It is hard to believe that several countries, which were less populous, technologically inferior, and less able to mobilize than the Ming Dynasty, were able to mobilize more than twice as many troops as the Ming expeditionary forces. Anyway, considering the various factors listed above, it is reasonable to have 600,000 to 700,000 Goguryeo expedition forces under Suyangje. About 600,000 is the same figure as the Sui army system recorded in the political affairs at the time, and about the same figure as the 500,000 troops mobilized by the Sui countries in the war of reunification. Even if the number of troops mobilized by the several countries was 600,000, it is enough to make the country lean considering the huge amount of supplies needed for the Goguryeo expedition. There seems to be some exaggeration in the fact that the Suyangje mobilized 2 million people. As expected, according to the governor and the Suseo, the number of people mobilized by Suyangje to transport food for the Goguryeo expedition is about 600,000. It is said that two 600,000 people joined a group of two and pulled a cart with one wheel each (there is a theory that Jegal invented it) and carried about 180 kg of food repeatedly.

100,000 Tang Taejong's army was stronger than 1.13 million Suyangje'

The Sui and Tang invaded Goguryeo, but eventually they were not successful... but the Tang invasion was more successful and threatening to Goguryeo than the Sui invasion... The Sun Dynasty invaded Goguryeo with a huge army of 1.13 million troops, but not only failed to capture Yodongseong Fortress, but Tang Taejong, who invaded with a small number of 100,000 troops, captured Yodongseong Fortress and most of Yoseo Province.In the end, the last one can't fall in the Battle of Ansi and retreat...Rather than losing the battle, it was a war in which the Tang army collapsed on its own due to infectious diseases and climate...In fact, the early advance of the Tang army to Goguryeo was so successful that the Malgal people, who were loyal to Goguryeo during the invasion of the Tang Dynasty, betrayed Goguryeo and cooperated with the Tang Dynasty. Why was it easy to accomplish with less than one-tenth of what you couldn't do with a huge number of 1.13 million?   The fact that the 1.13 million troops of the Sui Dynasty were large numbers, far from elite troops, and that 100,000 troops of Tang were selected mainly from the Tang army is not unusual in ancient war history. The hundreds of thousands of troops that appear in Chinese history seem to be a great force if you think about it vaguely, but I think the power varies greatly depending on how they are organized...A million units randomly drawn from 10 to 50s, and a hundred thousand units selected mainly by young soldiers, may seem stronger at first glance, but in reality, the elite 100,000 units are stronger.

The lesson we can see here is that a large army, which has only a large scale of overall war capabilities, has a blind spot. In particular, the prolonged food supply line also becomes serious. Moreover, Goguryeo's counterattack small-scale tactics mainly aimed at destroying food supply ships and serve as a basis for victory or defeat. And crucially, in the case of the Sui Dynasty, the unstable political situation within the home country would have also contributed to the decline in the ability to carry out the war.

Japan's Inner and Political Background on Dokdo

 Japan has a unique political consciousness for generations. When the country was reorganized, we turned to foreign countries to change the chaotic domestic atmosphere, such as Imran, Jeong Han-ron, and World War II...There are countless others. Personally, I think that the unique island-state temperament of Japanese children is in the form of maintaining the status quo only when they fail to adapt to a stable situation and continue to create enemies. We have clear challenges such as unification, self-defense, self-reliance diplomacy, and leap forward. Under that pronoun, you can have a goal as a country. But in Japan...There's nothing like this. GNP has already become an advanced country and is not a divided country, so unification is not applicable. After all, it's easy for the people to wander without a sense of purpose... (which they actually do) What remains is self-defense and diplomacy. Therefore, Japan is trying to make this the centerpiece of national reconciliation. Now, look... There are so many foreign powers aiming for Japan. How can you be so peaceful? The purpose of the demonstration is, perhaps, Japanese politicians...As a smooth diplomacy, you may not want these problems solved diplomacy. Rather than getting it solved...There is a lot of profit from leaving them as enemies. The territorial issue with Russia has not been resolved yet.We are in constant tension with North Korea. That's how you define the enemy and leave it. It also constantly reports on North Korea's military trends...They are considered dangerous to Japan. The people said, "As expected, North Korea is dangerous.""I need the strength of the Self-Defense Forces." Dokdo is likely to be included in such political maneuvers. In fact, there is no reason for South Korea to confront Japan except for Dokdo. It's not defined as a threat. However, when politicians visit shrines and make absurd remarks that Dokdo belongs to Japan, South Korea resents this. (Of course) Japanese people have little knowledge of Dokdo and do not give detailed explanations in the media. Now... In this state, only Korea's resentment is vividly broadcast to Japan. In that case, the majority of the innocent Japanese people said, "Korea is indeed a rough and violent people."Japan needs to wake up." "North Korea is a problem, too. What if South Korea does this?" The only way is to build up military strength." In the end, the budget for the Self-Defense Forces is easy to prepare. Is there a better way to create public opinion at the government's convenience by turning noise about domestic affairs to the outside? Also, if the unity of the people and national goals for foreign powers can be set...The effect is not enough to kill three birds with one stone. I don't know about the value of Dokdo as a military and fishing area.Is that an important problem for Japan, a rich country? I don't need that much.It's just for superficial reasons. If it expands into an international dispute and gets Dokdo...You get an unexpected bonus. In the meantime, there is no moral or common-sense judgment. There is only political logic. Imagine you think you are Koizumi and do it according to the above text. You can relax as much as you want with a natural look. It is said that the Japanese are by nature businessmen. They don't do anything to lose. In the end, what do you want as a big sketch? You'll have to be careful and watch.

In a way, it may be the image of Japan that politics can't avoid being disliked. In addition, at any time, the karma of invasion and plundering, which originated in history, will inevitably result in causal retribution.

largest surrender

 War, of course, is a desirable victory to annihilate the enemy on a large scale, but I think it is higher to win the surrender of the enemy than to the small white one.In any case, the surrendered enemies would be driven to the bow like the Mongol army.It is because they can be engaged in labor, and the more important reason is that surrendering the enemy can save people, supplies, and time that will occur when they go to a decisive battle. Therefore, I would like to take a look at the large-scale cases of surrender that have occurred in history. Let me give you a brief example of the siege of Kiev, which is called the greatest victory in the Battle of Toxin. The Toxin War, which began in June 1941, broke down the unprepared Soviet army and went on like hell.However, in the fall, the Soviet Union's resistance is increasing, and the possibility of an end of the war within the year is decreasing, and Germany faces an important decision.Thousands of kilometers of electricity due to the vast Russian area forces Germany, which lacks troops, to focus its main strike on one axis. So Hitler and the generals decide to focus their forces on the southern front, Kiev, after a heated debate.In the end, the main focus is on the Kiev front due to the securing of resources and agricultural products in Ukraine and the incapacitation of the Crimea Peninsula, which threatens Romanian oil fields. At this time, Guuderian's second armored force, the core force of the attack on Moscow, was dispatched, and the attack in Moscow declined, and the progress was sluggish until the second armored force ended the Kiev siege and returned. In any case, the first and second Armored Forces, led by the first and second Armored Forces, trapped hundreds of thousands of Soviet troops in the Kiev bulb, resisted Stalin's withdrawal, and eventually surrendered, reaching 650,000.It's a huge scale equivalent to the current active military force in our country. Of course, it is a tactical victory, but it is concluded that it is a strategic failure.The prevailing opinion is that if Kiev was not distracted and focused on Moscow at this time, Moscow would have fallen, Stalin would have fallen politically, and the toxin war would have resulted in Germany's victory. I don't know about a bigger surrender because I asked so much, but what is a larger surrender than a disarmed surrender due to the end of the war?