German scholar "The Japanese are being forced to listen, people all over the world."

 A German professor of Japanese studies, who has lived in Japan for 17 years, criticized Japan's claim, pointing out the historical context of the Dokdo issue. Professor Florian Kulmas (56) of the University of Duisburg, Germany, argued in an article published on the 2nd of Switzerland's most prestigious German daily newspaper "Noe Zurher Zeitung (NZZ), "The Dokdo issue should be viewed from a historical perspective as an international law that confirmed the colonial struggle of powers." In particular, Professor Coolmas criticized the Japanese ambassador to Korea, who claimed Dokdo as Japanese territory, saying, "It is a remark that lacks courtesy, an important quality for diplomats." Regarding Japan's position to leave the Dokdo issue to the judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Hague, the Netherlands, Coolmas asked back, "Is it a fair and meaningful proposal?" Korea has been opposed to solving the Dokdo issue at the International Court of Justice, he said. "If Korea interprets it as fearing defeat, it does not know the historical background." Coolmas' argument is that "international law was a tool that eliminated Korea's existence in the past and achieved the Korea-Japan annexation, and based on this, Japanese politicians emphasize that Japan's colonial rule of Korea was still legal." Coolmas explained that Emperor Gojong sent three envoys to the Second Hague International Peace Conference in 1907 to accuse Japan of " Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905," but Japan represented South Korea with the consent of the international community, so the deprivation of Korea's sovereignty was imprinted as legitimate under international law. Coolmas pointed out that 100 years ago, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating the Portsmouth Reinforcement Treaty to end the Russo-Japanese War, but South Korea was reduced to Japan's protected country. Coolmas is one of Germany's leading Japanese scholars and teaches contemporary Japanese language, Japanese culture, and history at the East Asian undergraduate school. Among his many books on Japan, "Uncontrolled Japan: From a Model Student to a Problem Child" explores how Japanese society is viewed in the international community as it changes. In addition, "The German Cries: The Observation of People from the Land of Smiles" compares Germany's daily life from a civilized society to a rude society with Japan. Reporter Seol Won-tae

What if Russia wins the Russo-Japanese War?

 One fact is that in the Russo-Japanese War, the Roske Baltic Fleet defeated the Japanese Fleet, led by General Dogo, in the Russo-Japanese War, which predicted a major change in history. The Baltic Fleet would take a break from some port in the South Sea, and then come into the present Sea to meet the Japanese Fleet on a sunny day. With the sweep of the Japanese fleet, the Russian general Croparting managed to push the dwarfs out of Fengtian, and Roosevelt intervened to mediate the peace. Without Dogo's fleet, Japan was probably swept away by the coasts of its home country. Then, it will probably not be Japan, but the Roskenomes who will merge Joseon. But I don't think Rosuke will merge completely like Japan. Japan is so hungry for modernization that it rushed to eat Joseon and Manchuria, but Russia is scattered in Siberia, isn't it? It could be a base for the Rothkes to head for the Pacific Ocean, so it's right to merge. Therefore, the Far East Fleet is mainstream in Busan, not Vladivostok, and the Korean Empire becomes a subordinate country of Russia. Thanks to this, Korea will suffer when Russia and Germany fight during World War I and Lenin revolutionize. However, our proud independence fighters, who are different in nationality and have such a strong anti-feudal disposition, have started independence, and I think Joseon, a small Far East land, is likely to succeed in independence in a few years. It's going to be the 1920s. At that time, the image of the Korean Empire's emperor will still be strong, so Japan without Manchuria will inevitably go south, hit China, or hit Joseon to eat Manchuria. But I didn't have any katsura taffy. Japan couldn't win at all, so the U.S. ate it as Philippine Day. My stomach hurts in Japan, right? I ate Sandongban during World War I, but it's still not enough. The expansion of militarism has waned, and I think Korea, which has risen again with a gunshot wound, will be more aggressive. In addition, Japan lost the Russo-Japanese War and had no rights in Manchuria, and would be reeling from the economic panic. I guess Korea didn't participate directly, so it wouldn't have been hit hard. Thanks to this, Nippon will be hit by the Korean Chida counter and strengthen it. I think the army was strong enough under Rothketh. Korea will be attacked by the Soviet Union after living in a vague way. I think Korea will be able to stop them even if the Rothke Zunk Legion comes. Is the Gaema Plateau a bit rough? I'm sure it's the worst in Afghanistan. It may be as eye-catching as Finland, but it's not worth much effort in conquering, is it? But it's a country with an excuse, so if you don't want to die, you'll abandon the customs of the Joseon Dynasty. We'll get rid of the cliches and put electricity in big cities, so I think Japan without Manchuria will be like Taiwan and we'll look at it later, and since China doesn't have Japan, we'll fight each other hard and the Communist Party will eventually fight. The situation in Northeast Asia will not affect Europe much, so Germany will wake up with Italy and die as soon as possible due to the U.S. uppercut - Japan can't afford to wage war - and it won't be able to overcome any rocket technology to the Soviet Union. In the end, the Cold War ended quickly, and the world would be under the American economy. Growth is slow without Korea or capital, but if the Cold War begins, it will be the last bastion of democracy, so the U.S. gives it to us, at least as much as we do now, but in Japan, fascists will be holding on until late. Fascists and the U.S. are unlikely to be that bad, but they will fight because of their nature, overturn Japan in a U.S.-led coup, or the Dennoyle revolution took place at the Tokyo Dome. Whether they grow up unaffected or become a divided country because there is no Sino-Japanese war that starts 1937. However, regardless of the upper body, he is big, so I think Korea will get better anyway, whether Park Tong becomes prime minister or Kim Gu becomes prime minister. Dr. Syngman Rhee, who is a fool, has not completely dried up the country, so it will work out somehow. If there's a king, the country can unite well, right? Why do you lose to rosskates like Jokekuman? It might be nonsense, but I don't think it's a bad idea to talk this way.

Did Japan's colonial rule of Joseon contribute to modernization? That's nonsense. It's a lie to escape punishment.

 Since modernization has been achieved in Korea thanks to the colonial rule of Japanese imperialism, Japan is a beneficiary, not a perpetrator, and Korea is a beneficiary, not a victim? The economy of the late Joseon Dynasty was on the verge of collapse, but it grew surprisingly during the Japanese colonial rule, and this foundation became the basis for modernization of Korea after liberation? It is too easy to force the legitimacy of aggression that robbed other countries of sovereignty and robbed, rape, and slaughtered civilians in other countries. It is difficult to find the truth of history, but it is easy to fabricate it. In 1911, the total per capita production in Joseon was $777 and $1,482 in 1937, but in 1944 it decreased to $1,330 due to the war. However, in 1945, when liberation took place, it sat down to $616 less than 1911. Why do you think this happened? This is where the simple conclusion is that economic growth on the Korean Peninsula during the Japanese colonial rule was not the growth of Koreans, but the growth of Japanese people. For example, in simple terms, the ownership rate of Korean farmland is about 18%, but considering the productivity of the land, the figure rises to the 50 percent range. It took up all the real land. At that time, Koreans were thoroughly discriminated against and regulated in terms of education, employment, and promotion. Of course, some of these regulations were eased at the end of the Japanese invasion and rule, but this is only an abnormal phenomenon caused by the recruitment of Japanese young people to the majority of the army due to the Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War. Moreover, the legacy of Japanese aggression and rule did not contribute much to the modernization of Korea. According to statistics published in 1948 by the headquarters of the coalition forces in South Korea, Taiwan and China, South Korea now has only 25 percent of the North's economic level after liberation. The difference in quality was even worse, but the main facilities were in North Korea, and South Korea only benefited from the fact that the Governor-General of Korea was in Seoul. More than half of this was destroyed in the Korean War. The physical assets of Japanese imperialism that remained in Korea during the economic development period in the 1960s are less than a tenth of the original level. In addition to the fact that the Rhee Syng-man administration survived with the aid of the United States, the impact of the Japanese legacy was minimal. Of course, Joseon's growth rate, which exceeded 4% between World War I and World War II, was unusually high, but who did the fruits of that growth really go to? Also, did the results of Japan's growth after the Japanese colonial rule really become the basis of the Korean economy after liberation? It is true that rice production has increased in Japanese colonial era. However, in the 30 years since 1910, rice production has increased by 52.3%, while the Korean agricultural population has increased by 63.8%, and the Japanese have concentrated on fertile cultivated areas and owned one-fifth of Joseon's farmland, making very little income for Koreans. Modern factory industries developed, but 80% of them belonged to the Japanese, and they wore the coat of growth, but the actual development was in the hands of the Japanese. More importantly, right after liberation, Joseon's gross national product per capita was $616 and it returned to the poorest agricultural powerhouse in the world, less than $777 in 1911. There may be the influence of division and the Korean War, but the fact that it did not escape this state until economic development began in the 1960s means that the growth of Japanese rule was "development, not development," and in factually forcing subordination and discrimination, and trying to perpetuate such a structure. Therefore, the development of the Korean Peninsula during the Japanese colonial rule was virtually meaningless, replacing the development that Koreans could achieve on their own with colonial development, thus hindering the development of Koreans in the first half of the 20th century.

In fact, garbage junks such as colonial modernization, which can be friendly to Japan, are not worth studying. Those who are friendly to Japan and speak nonsense that harms Koreans with colonial modernization theory are just perfect waste to be eliminated in the future when they have personal problems and want to show off their intellectual superiority.

I read the history of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592.

 Before Imran, Joseon always maintained a navy of 50,000 people as a standing army. It is said that there were about 600 large and small fronts during the reign of King Taejong and 850 during the reign of King Seongjong. It is said that Japan is made up of Japanese pirates, and about 10,000 troops were organized into the navy just before the Japanese invasion. Initially, the Japanese navy was intended to transport the army, but it had no concept of naval warfare. According to the naval battle in the Warring States Period, the back-and-forth tactics were the center, so all you had to do was get on the other side's boat and fight and win. When Morrie and Oda's pirates fight, Moriga's family wins by burning the opponent's ship, and Oda's family wins by loading two to three cannons into Adake. At that time, hundreds of Mori's ships were overpowered with six Adake. When he won, he was satisfied that there was no concept of controlling the sea power and that he secured a safe transportation passage through a naval victory. According to Injo Japan, it is said that the Japanese children sent the Myeongnyang Naval Battle transport ship was broken, but I think it is fully understood why they said so in the first place that they did not have a concept of naval warfare while living in the sea. Four years before Imran, there was an incident in which a left-handed warrior in Jeolla Province was killed while fighting against Japanese pirates with 18 ships. For the next three years, the newly appointed Jwasuji was said to have had some problems dealing with the military discipline of the barracks. When Admiral Yi Sun-shin took office, I think Jwasuyeong had better military and combat experience than other forces. The naval battles, which began with Okpo in the early days of Imran, also landed on the coast of the Japanese enemy, secured a bridgehead, and plundered it, so it doesn't matter from their point of view whether the ship breaks or what happens. After the Battle of Hansando, Japan studied ways to fight the Joseon Navy. Lee Gan-gye to drive out Yi Sun-shin also succeeded, approached the Joseon Navy, ambushed and killed the fleeing enemy by ambush on a nearby island. Before the Battle of Chilcheonryang, Wongyun led the Samdo Navy to fight the enemy several times and retreat. From this point on, the Joseon Navy suffers from fatigue and famine, and when it lands on a nearby island, troops who went out to rescue water are exterminated by the attack of Japanese soldiers hidden in advance. So I forced myself to anchor at Chilcheonryang Port, but the Japanese invaders carried out a night attack. When three or four Japanese ships looked around between the Joseon fleet and no one noticed, Japanese ships waiting outside clung two to three ships to the Joseon ships at once and raided them. The Joseon Navy, which had already fallen with fatigue and gigal, must have fallen with autumn leaves. The nearby islands are also ambushed by Japanese soldiers, so even if they ran away, they would have been exterminated. The excrement and others who escaped at this time are really blessed people. It is said that 133 enemy ships were seen by Admiral Yi Sun-shin in Myeongnyang Naval Battle, and 300 enemy ships were seen by refugees on the mountain. Because the strait was narrow, Akeda could not enter, and the Sekibune attacked mainly. Line 1 summary 1. The Japanese enemy had no concept of naval warfare and was intended to transport troops. 2. Japan also conspired to destroy the Joseon naval forces.

The King of Joseon and the Natural Disaster

 <tell the king of Joseon> of the hired 中 ----------------------------------------------------------- ... taken from [9-speed rise out of both veteran politicians, on the side of King Taejong : 3] omit ........ the old days, king are making a warning, especially on the sky, that the political, natural disasters and receive (修身) should be the central province. In a celestial being induced is called (天人感應). Some Western scholars said big Oriental in her dealings with the beautiful system. At first glance, a compliment, but it's the same traps. And the truth is, so unscientific and superstition to the sound had lived with. So, to relocate its capital city because of the topography divination theory like Myocheong, or I'm coming to the interpretation of history that there is a revolt. Let's think. New, and relocate its capital city, hundreds of thousands of people to build a city should be mobilized. Casualties arising under construction, transportation and accommodation, medical facilities were not as developed as, but these days for the way, many people died. It is not usually when people are suffering from food shortages. Even if personally to the cost of living large number of people get together, we quickly found his cereal prices into the city ran away and sell a cow and situation that can not get the food off the wealth. That is not all, goes around large number of infectious diseases are beyond if we gather. King Taejo of Hanseong Construction, repair work to mobilize more than 300,000 people in the city three years, when an epidemic of beyond. At this time, construction deaths in a month to carry out in the second lunar month, only 872. More people died from hunger and disease in the way home. The outbreak in the country carrying an infectious disease with people returning home. So, no matter how old it was, wouldn't it be an insult to the mental state of our ancestors if we endured such sacrifices because of the theory of heaven's sensitivity or Taoist ideology? But there is nothing to worry about. for the old politicians were not so wicked or foolish. There may have been some naive and blind people sometimes, but kings and ministers in the early Joseon Dynasty did not really believe in heavenly sensitivity. Just as all dictatorships today are practiced in the name of democracy, the will of heaven and heaven was the cause of governance in this era. Heaven has given up a king, so when politics goes wrong and the people's resentment rises, fire is damaged or disaster occurs due to heaven's warning. At first glance, this theory seems to constrain the king's tyranny, but it actually plays a role in supporting the king's sovereignty. If a problem arises due to a policy or administrative error, the sign of heaven to the king is basically established on the premise that heaven has delegated rule to the king, thus forming the logic of a king to solve such a problem. The ruling class had to use it not because they literally believed in the theory of natural sensitivity, but because it was a device that complemented the theory of natural command. Ignoring this will jeopardize the theory of the Mandate of Heaven, and denying the Mandate of Heaven will lose the privilege of the king and the ruling class and the basis for justifying their rule. Therefore, it has become just a political principle, and whenever there is a political discussion, ashfall is always at the forefront. There are so many different ways Taejong uses it. At that time, one of the important social problems was the change of labor. It was a trial to return the slaves forcibly created by powerful people to the common people or readjust the ownership of the slaves. Too much labor reduces the number of people paying taxes to the state and reduces the resources to be covered by soldiers. The state has no choice but to reap the shortfall from the remaining common people, resulting in heavy wealth and social unrest. The reform of the labor system and the arrangement of labor lawsuits have been steadily raised since the end of Goryeo, but it has not been solved well because the understanding of the ruling class is so sharp. During the reign of King Taejo, one of the important reasons for the reform of aiming and Jeong Do-jeon faced resistance was that it touched the issue of labor. Although King Taejong removed them and ascended to the throne, he seems to have considered a plan to place an upper limit on the ownership of slaves from the standpoint of the national and large countries as a king. However, this was not implemented. Instead, he made up his mind to secure a good man by organizing the chaotic Yangcheon Minutes and labor lawsuits, but this was not easy, so lawsuits and appeals for a retrial, three trials, and newspaper reports continued. There were various reasons and excuses, but one day, an appeal came up that the trial should be held again under the pretext of a natural disaster. Of course, Taejong dismissed it in one word. "What does the genius disaster have to do with the slave lawsuit?" This is the honest perception of the person at the time about the natural disaster. Still, it was an important weapon of language and government. King Taejong made a logical counterattack. The king said the name and number of the person who died after being struck by lightning last month. "I still don't know what it's like to be struck by lightning." I answered from both sides. "In the world, lightning is called punishment. When a man is full of sin, heaven strikes him." The king said, "I have seen the scriptures and librarians, and I have seen that those who have stolen the country with power and faithfulness, and who have threatened the king, have not been punished by heaven." The lightning strike is because a person has encountered bad luck or is caught in a strange energy."] In "The Annals of King Taejong," he denied the theory of heaven's sensitivity with this one word. But I didn't mean not to use it again. King Taejong's experience is very evident here, and as soon as he finished saying this, he said, "But, if I say it as me, I'm really afraid of the sky with my heart." It was not denied to use this theory of natural sensitivity as a political principle, and it meant that he lived in fear of heaven as a king according to the teachings of Confucianism, so don't worry. Then he said what he really wanted to say. The so-called "me" is just one of many people. Now that all the servants are in charge of their duties, how can I be gentle only after my vigilance? <Taejong Silok> This is a very clever word. The king is one of many, so he can only play one role. Now that all the subjects are doing well, and there is a natural disaster, if it has nothing to do with politics or has anything to do with it, it means that the responsibility of the majority of you, not me, is greater. While saying this, he did not hesitate to use it again when he needed it. There have been several recent disasters, and people say that this is related to his subjects. But how can the king blame his servants for the accident and not reflect on himself? Furthermore, how can I not blame myself for this, knowing that I am capable?" <Taejong Silok> Why did this word, which is literally Sunggun's word, suddenly come out? King Taejong's reform policy was more relaxed and bent toward powerful people than the ideals of the beginning of the founding of the country, but still, the opposition of conservatives was formidable. The person in charge of King Taejong's reform policy was Ha-ryun, but conservatives argued that Ha-ryun's policy was wrong and that he should step down. Even now, whenever there is a major accident, the prime minister is forced to step down and change the cabinet. Then King Taejong protected Ha Ryun by saying that the king should reflect on the natural disaster. I couldn't even refute this saying that it was not the best answer that my subordinates usually insist on. However, if the king said, "It's my fault," it would have been better from the standpoint of the Appellants, but it's not at all. When he comes out like this, if he emphasizes the natural disaster too much, Taejong lamented, "I am too virtuous," and said he would quit the king according to the will of heaven. In fact, in the 7th year of King Taejong's reign, he declared his abdication because of the natural disaster and filial piety to King Taejo, and even sent the Seal to the Crown Prince's house. There is a theory that the show was a play aimed at purging his maternal family, the Min family. It is not known exactly, but it is thought that there were various intentions. The 7th year of King Taejong was a time when he was in the midst of reforming with clear colors after conciliating each power at the beginning of his throne and laying his own foundation. There was also a lot of controversy over this, and the conservative leader was Minje, the father-in-law, not anyone else. Anyway, as a result of this show, "It's your fault" or "Yes, it's all my fault" for the attack using the theory of natural sensitivity. So what should I do?" I was able to use two definite weapons.

North Korea's Kim Il Sung's brutality - 6.25 Invasion from North Korea, invasion of North Korea theory summarized

 1. First of all, South Korea is the only country that insists on a "full-scale invasion of North Korea of the U.S. and Rhee Syngman torpedo." -_-;;; This isn't what happened yesterday or today. There were many words in the 70s that some activists and anti-Korean figures from abroad made new "events," but their "events" are so contradictory that even left-wing scholars do not mention them. 2. We often change the subject to "coming" ... In fact, the first American scholar to claim the Korean War conspiracy theory was the I.F. Stowoon in the 50s. If you've read Howard Jean's Opposition to War, it's a bit of a mention, but... As Kang Joon-man chews the Chosun Ilbo through text analysis, this person analyzes the "U.S. Data-Subject NYT" and digs up the "conspiracy" of South Korea-U.S.-Taiwan at the time of the Korean War. 3. It was the "Korea and Unfortunate Country" series introduced in Korea at the height of Comings. This doesn't even make sense in the United States - the author is French - Japanese came in after 6.29. It deals with the modern history of South Korea from 1945-1961, and this was also the logic that no one was important in the beginning of the 'Joseon War in the sense of civil war'. 4. And a very famous Dr. Cummings... My personal opinion of Dr. Cummings is a bit long, so here we're just talking about the war itself... According to volume 2 of "The Origin of the Korean War," which was published in the 1990s - and finally untranslated in Korea - Cummings argued for an extension of several local wars between 48-49 years rather than "North Korea's full Invasion from North Korea." Based on this... First of all, North Korea presented various public documents released at the beginning of the war, the inadequacy of the South's announcement, and geographical inquiry as evidence. (These materials are introduced as they are in Park Myung-rim's rebuttal paper, "The Beginning and Origin of the Korean War."_ Obviously, as much as South Korea's claim is suspicious, North Korea's claim of "full invasion of North Korea" is also unbelievable.I nailed it. In the recent "Korean Modern History," there is a tendency to reduce this part at all and retreat, saying "the beginning is not important." 5. War requires the strong will of the leadership. The reason why the Kim Shin-jo group of "Park Jeong-hee's mother-of-pearl" came in in 1968 or did not develop into an urgent situation of "war" during the Aungsan incident in the 1980s and the armistice line or the West Sea. This is because the two leaders of the South, the North, and the United States were not willing to "take the risk of war and cause it." The problem with Invasion from North Korea, invasion of North Korea theory is not only this "will" but also the practical planning with sufficient background, and the resulting decision-making... To be honest, there was "will" in both countries... Whether it's "North Korea unification" or "complete territorial integrity," the U.S. opposition to "preventing invasion of North Korea provocations" and "Taiwanization of South Korea" (although there was definitely a defense plan, the invasion of North Korea plan is actually... There is only one "Memoirs and Confessions of South Korean Intelligence Agents Who Returned to North Korea" with a strong smell of North Korea + two tables of intelligence -_-;;) and no evidence at all. In the case of North Korea, it adds evidence of the theory of Invasion from North Korea, not the invasion of North Korea, due to various evidences such as official will + strong military superiority + (comming was highly suspicious) operational orders. 6. The question is whether the theory of induction is correct... If you look at this in terms of the South Korean government shoveling and other things... It's not that reliable. Furthermore, if you look at North Korea's capture documents, the high side of North Korea at that time was the internal situation of South Korea - the privacy of female politicians -_-;;-, even if it was a demon plot, Kim Il-sung is not stupid enough to bite it. But... As Professor Kim Dong-chun suspects in "War and Society"... Even if D-Day was not known, it is possible that the U.S. intelligence department and some South Koreans expected some North Korean invasion. However, if you consider it as a "prevention war," it will become a big problem, but... As shown in South Korea's official records at the time, there was a widespread idea that "if North Korea Invasion from North Koreas, the United States will soon block it, and there will be an opportunity for unification." And I guess that could be the answer to some of the questions that ' Invasion from North Korea inductors' say. ps: All of these are published materials. Syngman Rhee's problem is not that he "leaved his citizens and ran away." He ran away so quickly that even the "U.S.-government bureaucracy-military command" did not know his location. At that time, the commanding officer of the Armed Forces was Syngman Rhee before the transfer of operational control. In that urgent situation, the fact that I went back and forth between Seoul-Daejeon-Daegu-Daejeon-Suwon-Mokpo-Masan-Busan without anyone knowing is not the king of shoveling itself. Most of the documents related to the Korean War have been released. As I'm on the cross counter, "Tank Support Ununun" is actually not a confidential document... I remember writing it... If the will to open war, solid background, and determination are combined with the madness of the leader, the problem grows. It's Kim Il Sung. He thought he would win, but... The problem is that Director Wo with permed hair isn't that rational... In addition, Bush, who has the right to decide, has almost given up his career as a human being... The problem is growing ============================ Actually, it was two years ago that I read this article, and I thought I would read all the related materials, but I still haven't because I'm busy living.

Genghis Khan's conquest of Russia, Islam and others

 Born the son of a small nomadic tribe, the largest Mongolian army in human history, read the first and last man to unify Eastern Europe and Asia, and make blood boil. Pleasure kills all traitors and enemies, loots their property, and tears their noses and faces. - In the Genghis Khan language, the Mongol legions crushed the former Italian maritime powerhouse Genoa on the condition of receiving electric information from Venice. The Mongolian army was the first military organization to operate a spy net and systematically conduct psychological warfare. The Mongolian army also attempted to occupy the city without blood by making spies spread it widely that cities resist had a tradition of taking over and saving people when they surrendered. The horseback riding corps' fast movement speed and fast information network enabled surprise and maneuver. In 1223 A.D., Genghis Khan summoned Subday and Chevrolet, allowing Russia to survive for the next 20 years. After Genghis Khan's death, his grandson, Batu, uses his veteran Subuday as his chief of staff to launch a full-fledged attack on Russia. In 1236, about 150,000 Mongolian horseback riding corps crossed the Ural Mountains and appeared to the west of Moscow. They defeated the Turkic Volgar, the branch of Bulgaria, crushed the armies of several Russian dukes one after another, and in the winter of 1237-38, they occupied the large city of Vladimir north of Moscow, effectively conquering the heart of Russia. This winter operation still holds a record that has not been broken. The Mongolian Legion was the only one to succeed in winter operations in Russia. Both Napoleon and Hitler collapsed in the winter of Russia, but the Mongolian Legion succeeded in the operation by utilizing the frozen land, rivers, and swamps in the winter to maneuver the mounted troops. Not only the strong physical strength of the Mongolians but also the endurance of the Mongolian horse were a factor of success. Another organizational factor that made operations possible in Russia's winter, which falls to minus 30 to 40 degrees Celsius, is that the Mongolian army was a complete world without a separate supply unit. This is because a soldier carried four to five horses each carrying military supplies. The speed of movement was extremely fast because it was a pure cavalry soldier who did not need infantry support. The appearance of 150,000 cavalry marching was probably the greatest spectacle ever produced by humans. If 150,000 humans and 600,000 horses ran on the Great Plains, the length would have stretched hundreds of miles, the dust would have covered the sky and the moon, and the sound would have resonated on the earth's axis. The Mongolian army withdrew to the southern Russian meadow in 1239, reorganized its lines, and in 1240, it went on an expedition aimed at Hungary. After returning from an expedition to Hungary, the Mongol legions established the capital in Saray, south of the Volga River, and began to rule Russia. The reason why this empire is called Geumjangguk (Kipchak Korea) is that the palace was a golden tent. Gradually independent from the Mongolian world empire, the goldsmith continued colonial rule by collecting tributes from various principals in Russia. Mongolia's rule over Russia was the same way as Goryeo's. In other words, the dispatcher, called Darugachi, was kept at the headquarters of the principality to supervise and collected taxes. The Mongolians were a minority of less than 5% in numbers. It is a great know-how to govern a vast territory and population as a minority. Only the Romans, the English, and the Mongolian-Turks learned this secret. It is widely believed that Mongolia's rule over Russia was relatively generous. If you swear loyalty and pay taxes and send soldiers to big wars (Russia was also sent to the Chinese front), you wouldn't interfere in a small wayward. Of course, freedom of religion was allowed. About 100 years after Genghis Khan's appearance, it is called Pax Mongolica. It means world peace under Mongolia. ------------------------------------------------------ The conquest of the Middle East began about 10 years later. After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he sent his brother Hulegu to destroy the "killer" and the Baghdad knife leaf. Neither the terrorist group of Islamic and Christian leaders, nor the caliph Baghdad, which had already lost practical control, were very difficult opponents to the Mongolians. Hulegu's army besieged Baghdad on January 29, 1258, and the last caliph surrendered on February 10. The Mongolians dragged the caliphate into the suburbs, laid it on the carpet, and trampled it with horse hoofs to death.     No matter how famous the caliph was, he symbolized the unity of the Islamic world, like the Pope in the Christian world. Therefore, the death of the caliph and the disappearance of the caliphate system were a great shock to the Muslims. Now, instead of the caliphate, a country ruled by pagan Mongolians has been established, and Islamic history has entered a new era. ------------------------------------------------------- The famous Declaration of World Conquest, answered by Genghis Khan's grandson, Guyukkan, to the envoy Prano Karpini, who brought the Pope's personal letter in 1245, from sunrise to sunset, continues to his grandchildren. ---------------------------------------------------------- Even when they returned to the Mongolian plateau after their defeat, they recognized only Genghis Khan's direct descendants as Daecan. Genghis Khan was always with the Mongolians during the turbulent period of independence movement in the 1910s and democratization movements in the 1990s, when everything in Mongolia was interfered with by the Soviet Union for 70 years after the 1920s. Despite the unfortunate times when nationalism was treated as a scandalous crime in all countries within the Soviet sphere of influence, Genghis Khan remained the supreme hero of the Mongolian people.     Historians who appealed Mongolian Tibetan Chinese historians in the spring of 1962 and researchers at the constellation of Tegqinling, the center of Mongolian Buddhism, estimated the birth of Genghis Khan at around 6 a.m. on May 31, 1162. As a result, stamps commemorating the 800th anniversary of the birth of the deceased were issued. On May 31, a 12-meter-high monument was unveiled at the Gorban Nor Recreation Area, Hentiaimak Dadalsom (Aimak, Som is equivalent to our province), 3km south of Deliun Boldak, known as its birthplace. On the front of the monument, there was a portrait of Genghis Khan, a Mongolian sould (representation of the guardian spirit), and his will, "If my body goes wrong, my country can't go wrong," and on the back, "Celebrating the 800th anniversary of Genghis Khan's birth in Mongolia."     All of these were overseen by Tumur Ochir, a member of the Political Bureau of the Mongolian People's Revolution Party and a secretary of the Central Committee, and this was decided by the Political Bureau of the Party in February 1962. The 800th anniversary celebration was also held at Ezenho Lake in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China, where the Genghis Khan shrine is located.     However, the Mongolian People's Republic (1924-1992) was ruled by the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, which was controlled by the Soviet Communist Party, so the Mongolian people had to pay a high price for the Genghis Khan memorial service. At the third plenary session of the Central Committee of the Party on September 8, 1962, Tumur Ochir was criticized as an individual worshiper, nationalist, and anti-party activist and banned from living in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. Commemorative stamps were also collected. On November 1 of the same year, Proudaji of the Soviet Union reportedly revealed all of his crimes.     In July 1963, he was disqualified from the party. Tomur Ochir, who lived in a village designated by the party, filed for permission to relocate to Ulaanbaatar to receive treatment for his sick body, but the permission was not granted until he died alone at home in 1985. In Mongolia, Batmunch became the president, and in the Soviet Union, Gorbachev, who led the demotion of Mongolia's most powerful man, Chedenbal, in 1984, and instead promoted Batmunch, became the powerful man.     In the late 1980s, along with the unrest in the socialist world, a democratization movement called for change and reform began in Mongolia. It was a struggle to reject the one-party dictatorship of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and escape from Soviet political, economic, and cultural subjugation. A large portrait of Genghis Khan appeared in the protest group calling for democratization. Genghis Khan emerged as the centerpiece of the democratization movement.     In 1990, when the pro-democracy movement was in full swing, it happened to be 750 years since we wrote the most detailed and oldest Mongolian Bisa in our records of Genghis Khan and its time. Hentiaimak Delgerhansom Arashan Okha, believed to be the place where the book was written, placed on a round stone base with a diameter of 12cm, engraved with a portrait of Genghis Khan, the inscription of each clan (stigma) who participated in the founding of Genghis Khan's Greater Mongolia. In addition, the Naadam Festival, which consists of ssireum, horse running and archery, was held in a large scale with President Ochirvat attending.     The respect for Genghis Khan, which the Mongolians had hidden for 30 years since Tumur Ochir's suffering, and the Mongolian pride poured into the song in writing. In particular, the songs "Genghis Khan" and "Genghis Heroes" by Zargalsai Port captivated the hearts of young Mongolian people.     "I was afraid to say your name."I couldn't think of you when I drew you.I have not distinguished your sins from your virtues.I couldn't tell the truth from the lie about youIs it the fault of Daecan for his country, Mongolia, and you and us for our country's history?"Gingis Khan" at the port of Zargarsai.     Each new bill used a portrait of Genghis Khan.

The best liquor produced in Mongolia and the best hotel built in cooperation with foreign countries were also named Genghis Khan.     On February 2, 1996, President Ochirvat declared it the 790th anniversary of the establishment of Mongolia. There was also a special amnesty. The history of Mongolia did not begin with the socialist revolution of 1921, but with the declaration that it began in 1206, when all Mongolians built the state with Genghis Khan.     "Ah, my Mongolian fate / my Mongolian fate / my Mongolian fate / my Mongolian fate / my burnt truth fate / my good or bad ...(자Jargalsai Port's "Heroes of Genghis"