Goguryeo's Gwanggaeto Hortai's War Against Foreign Expedition

 King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae, who is like the sun in the history of our people and developed the giant kingdom Goguryeo into the greatest power in Northeast Asia in the 4th century, is a conquering monarch who expanded the largest territory based on political stability built by King So Soo-rim. King Tae's Hwi was Damdeok, and Myoho was born as the son of King So Soo-rim in 372 and the son of King Lee Ryeon, who ascended to the throne as the late King of the Kingdom in 384. He was crowned as a prince in 386 when he was 12 years old, and when his father died at the age of 17, he ascended the throne and designated Yeonho as Yeongrak in 391. King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae built nine temples in Pyongyang in 392 to inherit the policy of his uncle, King So Soo-rim, who recognized Buddhism as a national religion, and expanded and repaired the palace in 406 and moved six fortresses, including Doksan, in July 408. However, King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae's record of internal teeth is poorer than that of external teeth, which may be a relative phenomenon due to the fact that the achievements of the king's external teeth were so great. However, at the same time, what we need to know is that the basic internal rule of Goguryeo was already sufficient before King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae. Internal maintenance, such as the national recognition of Buddhism, the establishment of Taehak, and the distribution of Yulryeong, to enable Goguryeo to grow into a powerhouse in Northeast Asia, has already been sufficiently carried out during the reign of King Soosurim. It can be said that King Tae exerted his power to the outside world on this very foundation. Conventionally, the discussion on the external rule of King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae showed a conflicting pattern between the tendency to emphasize the northward territorial expansion and the tendency to emphasize the southward nature in terms of quality. The emphasis on the northward nature was made by nationalist historians as part of the anti-Japanese struggle during the Japanese colonial era period, which still has a significant impact today. On the other hand, there was also a study that examined Goguryeo's foreign policy in three dimensions and revealed that King Tae's outcry was mainly southward. Since then, King Gwanggaeto's cry has put considerable emphasis on the southward policy, judging from the nature of King Jangsu's foreign policy and Pyongyang's Cheondo. However, in order for the southward policy to be properly implemented, policies on the west and northeast, that is, China and the northern peoples, had to be preceded. Therefore, regarding the cry of King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae, the truth can be grasped correctly when understanding both of them instrumentally, and the achievements of the king will be evaluated without any distortion or bias accordingly. At the time of King Tae's ascension, the situation on the west side of Goguryeo was developing in a considerable advantage to the Goguryeo side. In the late 3rd and early 4th centuries, a power struggle broke out between the so-called kings, which eventually collapsed in 361 and later led to a period of confusion called the "5th 16th Kingdom" and the "North and South Dynasties" in Chinese history. This confusion continued for about 300 years. According to this situation, countries such as Jeonyeon (337-370), Jeonjin (350-394), Huyeon (384-470), and Bukyeon (407-436) occurred one after another from the 4th to the early 5th century in Goguryeo. In addition, Namyeon (398~410) Seoyeon (384~394), Jeonyang (317~376), Huyang (386~403), Namyang (397~414), Bukyang (401~414), and Seoyeon (400~421) were killed one after another. Records on the development of the west side of the king include the conquest of the Khotae people in the 5th year of Yeongrak (395) and the attack of the late 17th year of Yeongrak, and the conquest of the original year of reign in Samgukgi. Goguryeo's southern policy was actively promoted mainly against Baekje when King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae ascended the throne. Here, the Japanese and Silla are combined together to take on a quite complex pattern. As the records show, the main target of Goguryeo's southern policy seems to be Baekje. And here, Japanese and Silla are intertwined. Baekje had earlier threatened the southern frontier of Goguryeo. In particular, King Geunchogo attacked Pyongyang Castle with 30,000 elite soldiers in 371 and killed the late King Gogukwon. In Goguryeo's southern policy, the existence of Baekje was like an eye-catching thorn. In the inscription, Baekje is called Baekjan (()) and Japanese is expressed as Japanese pirates, which may be an expression of the consciousness to repay the humiliation suffered by Baekje in the past. Meanwhile, in addition to directly attacking Goguryeo, Baekje pressured Goguryeo with a bypass strategy of invading Silla in connection with the Japanese, and when Silla in trouble asked Goguryeo for salvation, the king sent 50,000 soldiers to repel the Japanese. Goguryeo, which advanced to the Han River basin with a massive military operation in 396 and took the lead in Baekje, expanded its influence over Silla and its surrounding areas with the salvation of Silla in 400 years, and greatly defeated Japanese pirates in 404 to lay the foundation for maritime power as well as the Korean Peninsula. It should be said that the power of the victory war in which King Gaero was killed by attacking Baekje during the reign of King Jangsu and the power to establish the Jungwon Goguryeo Monument was already established during King Gwanggaeto's reign. The articles of the Shinmyo Year in the conventional inscription were interpreted by Japanese scholars as if the Japanese had made Baekje and Silla as their subordinate countries. However, Queen Hotei recorded the strength of Goguryeo and the achievements of King Tae. This interpretation is not reasonable unless it is a public ratio of the Japanese. In the end, various debates over the Japanese style of the Sinmyo Year article should be reasonably understood within the large framework of the Goguryeo Southern Border Policy to establish its own line. As mentioned earlier for a while, it should be said that Goguryeo's southern policy was prepared very carefully from the time of King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae's ascension. It can be said that the seven provinces, the migration policy of Pyongyang residents, and the policy of popular support, which were built to prevent the invasion of Baekje, were all instrumentally connected and reflected in Goguryeo's southern policy. The unified war between Goguryeo and Buyeo, which had continued since the end of the 1st century BC, ended in Goguryeo's victory in 494, when King Buyeo brought his wife and son, surrendered the country, and King Gwanggaeto Hotei was the decisive factor in the victory. There was a conventional theory that this Buyeo was strict in the northeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, but it would be reasonable to find its existence in the northeastern part of Goguryeo, given the confirmation of the royal nature of Buyeo's biography according to the recent archaeological excavation. As a result, Goguryeo laid the groundwork for pioneering a large area of Buyeo. Although it is difficult to confirm the policy of King Gwanggaeto's northeast with this fragmentary record alone, it can be seen that Goguryeo has never neglected its interest in the northeast along with its expansion policy on the west and south sides. In short, it can be said that King Tae's foreign policy was efficiently promoted in all directions of the west, south, and northeast. King Gwanggaeto Hotei was a king who excelled in mercenary tactics in the war and in his methods of governing the conquered areas. According to the Military Law, when the general stands at the forefront and reaches a precarious place first, all soldiers become stronger, but King Tae was the master who put these military methods into practice. It is said that King Tae, who went to the battlefield with his soldiers, fought at the forefront of the battle by encouraging soldiers, defeating the recommendations of his subordinates to avoid even when he reached a precarious situation. On the other hand, he organized a death squad with a small number of elite troops and ran to the enemy's camp like an arrow to attack, but his appearance of a sudden war was said to have been a lightning bolt on top of the earth. He was a general who took the initiative and put the true practice of an extremely human commander who accompanied and suffered with the soldiers into practice. After the king conquered the surrounding countries and the marginal immigrants, the policies on the conquered areas were slightly different. After receiving an oath of obedience from Silla, the Silla system was recognized as it was. Therefore, Silla was not much different from before, except that it was reduced to a new kingdom of Goguryeo. In addition, Baekje generals from Baekje's Yoseobunguk and China's east coast division, and Yuju's photographs and 13 taesu of the former descendants recognized their previous positions and positions. This method has the advantage of being able to easily receive submission, but there was a problem that when Goguryeo's power weakened, they easily broke away from Goguryeo's sphere of influence. Baekje and Goguryeo alternately occupied Yoseo and China's east coast because former Baekje generals in Yoseo and China's east coast alternately subjugated to Baekje and Goguryeo. In July 392, the first year of his reign, King Tae attacked Baekje to the south and completely took control of the territory of the Han River basin, and in September of the same year, he conquered Khitan to prepare for the war with Later Yeon, and in 395, Sangjanggun Moru was sent to conquer Suksin. In 396, he destroyed 58 castles of Baekje through amphibious operations and surrendered to King Asin, leaving dozens of Baekje royals and their lieutenants as barren. In 398, when Bukwi won the war with Huyeon and moved southeast toward Yuju, a large army was dispatched to conquer Toyokhon and block the path of Bukwi from the west and east at the same time. In 399, when Baekje mobilized Japanese troops to attack Silla, King Tae went down to the south with 50,000 troops, defeated the Japanese, and conquered Gaya. After subjugating Silla, Baekje, Gaya, and Japan, King Taewang installed Imna Yeonjeong Pavilion on Daemado Island, the main point of maritime transportation, and controlled these four countries with naval forces.

In 400 years, Goguryeo took over the Yoseo region and Yuju by attributing the generals of Baekje's Yoseo Branch between Yuseong and Bukpyeong, and Yuju's photographs and 13th Army Taesu. In 402, the latter part of the territory between Colonel Dandan was taken from Bukjin and isolated, and in 407, the latter part was destroyed by attacking the latter part from all sides, and the latter part was destroyed by a coup, and the established Bukyeon was used as a satellite country. In 410, he finally conquered Dongbuyeo and successfully completed the foreign conquest war. King Tae, who completely conquered Manchuria and took control of the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago, died suddenly while preparing to attack the North to conquer the entire Jungwon continent, ending the Goguryeo conquest war here. King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae, who enjoyed the continent with his excellent resourcefulness and excellent governance! He was a greater ruler than Charles Magne of the Carolingian dynasty of the Frankish Kingdom, Alexander the Great of the ancient Macedonian Kingdom, and Traianus of the Roman Empire, and was a great hero to the great world of immortality.

Kwon Yul was not a great longevity.

 In the 32nd year of King Seonjo's reign, when Leejo proposed the addition of Kwon Yul, the officer strongly criticized Kwon Yul. Kwon Yul, the son of Kwon Chul, was originally foolish and timid, so there was nothing to describe his ambition or resourcefulness. However, after winning a monk's boat once in a dishcloth, he suddenly received a lieutenant colonel and was ordained to Dowonsu. While confronting the enemy camp for a long time, he could not defeat the enemy by making even one plan, but he was afraid and always avoided far away even before he showed his enemy." It's not usually a harsh comment, but the criticism doesn't end with this, it leads to the Battle of the Turbulent Sea. The Battle of Cheolcheonliang was one of the most stupid battles of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and Won-gyun, who became a commander of the Samdosugun when Yi Sun-shin was impeached and sent to Hanyang. However, Won-gyun shouted "no suppression", but Kwon Yul made Won-gyun go into battle. In other words, the cause of the Battle of Cheolcheonryang lies not with Won-gyun, but with Won-su (Kwon Yul), who ignored Won-gyun's invincible advance. No matter how much the order of mediation was made in the Battle of Jusa Jeong Yu-nyeon (the Battle of Cheolyang), we should have reported immediately the situation where it was difficult to confront the Japanese by checking the timing and considering the strength. And if he had ordered the chief to organize the army and told him not to look lightly at the enemy, he would not have been able to collide arbitrarily, although there were many enemies. However, Kwon Yul did not keep such a plan in mind, but acted rashly without thinking about it, and even formed Won Gyun, a controller, in a hurry. Thus, none of the hard-won injections for six years were left behind, and many of the walks were not preserved, causing the enemy to invade Honam and Hoseo as if they were in uninhabited. Despite his fear and weakness, the court considered it difficult to find a successor to him, so Kwon Yul entrusted him with the heavy duty of military power. At that time, he was unable to correct his past mistakes and encourage him to fight back and defeat the enemy." However, Kwon Yul will be appointed as the best contributor in five years. He won the Battle of Haengju, one of the three major battles of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and he used the highly regarded Kwon Yul, but he used the tactic of running away rather than fighting the Japanese. Then, he was defeated in the Battle of Cheolcheonryang, which he tried to fight with great determination. Nevertheless, Kwon Yul is only known today as the hero of the Battle of Haengju.

In Korean history, there was a dynasty that was called an emperor.

 Was there an empire in history that called the monarch the emperor among the previous countries founded by our people? In the academic world of China and Japan, our ancestors did not use the emperor's title, but the kings of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla received the titles of Goguryeo, Daebanggungong, and Nakrangundo Dokje Baekje from the emperors of the Jungwon Empire. Can it be said that the former dynasties, founded by the Korean people, were awarded by the Jungwon Empire, so it is a subordinate country and a descendant country of the Jungwon Empire? That's not it. Currently, the Chinese government and Chinese scholars and educators argue that Goguryeo was a local government of the Middle Kingdom founded by Chinese minorities, and corresponds to China's history. However, Silla was also crowned by the Jungwon Empire, but China does not include Silla in its history. At that time, bookkeeping and tribute were only a practice in ancient and medieval East Asian diplomacy. At one time, Goguryeo paid tribute to the Jungwon Dynasty and received a book salary, but it was only for the practicality of Goguryeo, and it is hard to say that Goguryeo was really subordinate to the Jungwon Dynasty. According to the records of Buksa's Five and Six Kingdoms Period, there are the following phrases. "Damdeokgong of Dong-dong dared to call him Emperor... Emperor Yeon (late) played Gurye (Goguryo), but failed to win and lost." In this literature, Damdeok refers to the Hwi of King Gwanggaeto Hotei, the great great great ruler of Goguryeo. When King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae called himself emperor, Mo Yong-hee, the emperor of Huyeon, a powerful country that controlled northern China at the time, attacked Goguryeo as an excuse, but suffered a disastrous defeat. However, this record is recorded in Chinese historical books, not Korean historical books. According to Hunjeokbi of King Gwanggaeto Hortae, King Gwanggaeto Hortae used the era name Yeongrak. Yeonho cannot be used in the Imperial Kingdom, but only in the Cheonjaguk, which uses the title of the emperor. If Goguryeo was a dependency of the Jungwon Dynasty, would it dare to use the era name? In addition, if you look at the monument of King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae, it says, "The power of the Tae Wang has been exerted on the Dead Sea," and the expression "The Dead Sea" can only be used by the emperor. The use of yeonho, the expression of the Dead Sea... It proves that Goguryeo was an imperial kingdom. King Jangsu, the son of King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae, also used the era name Geonheung, while his grandson, King Munmyeong, used the era name Myeongchi. There is a Buddha statue named Miyeonyeorae Standing Buddha, one of the masterpieces of Goguryeo Buddhist art. In this Buddha statue, Yeonga is known to be the era name of King Anwontae, the 23rd king of Goguryeo. The fact that the use of Yeonho was not limited to King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae, but was used by later kings means that Goguryeo is an imperial country in name and reality. At that time, Goguryeo was a heavenly kingdom that formed its own kingdom, as the Goguryeo people referred to themselves as "the most sacred place in all directions." The Chinese side's view that Goguryeo is a local government of the Jungwon Dynasty is merely a distortion and fabrication that forgets the historical facts. When Goguryeo developed into a huge kingdom through King Gwanggaeto's external expedition and established a Goguryeo-style crown to seek prosperity, the era of the North-South Dynasty was beginning in the Jungwon Continent at that time. However, there is a record that in the 23rd year of Geonheung (435 AD), Goguryeo sent a messenger to Bukwi and demanded that the genealogy of the Northern Wei royal family be dedicated. Dedicating the royal genealogy of the past is a tribute to the country's history, and it is an act that the new country only does to the military country. The example was practiced by the Northern Wei to Goguryeo. Moreover, when King Jangsu died in 491 AD in Geonheung, Gojo, the sixth emperor of Bukwi, wore a white hat called a so-called mother and a dress worn during the mourning period of Fourim, and went out to the eastern suburbs to sing. Although I never met him in person in my life, I know him well because his name is so widespread." Let's think about it in common sense. When the king of the empire or subordinate country dies, the emperor of the suzerain country just sends a formal condolence letter to the envoy, saying, "I'm sorry. Tell him you're sad." However, to the ruler of a small country who writes the title of a military king, the emperor cries in person, wears white clothes, and mourns politely? Does it say, "I know well because the name is widespread?" This is a fact that clearly proves that the Northern Wei was the new kingdom of Goguryeo. In addition, when King Munmyeong passed away in 519, Yeong Tae-hoo, the wife of Jeon Hwang, Sejong, and the mother of King Sukjong, expressed his condolences at the eastern shrine. In addition, in 508, King Sejong of the Northern Wei built a shrine called Goryeomyo in Cheongju, where the founder of Goguryeo was enshrined. In the end, it should be said that the Northern Wei did his best to Goguryeo, the emperor's kingdom, as a empire. Another record states that the king of Goguryeo is called Yeolje. In Suseo, the late King Gogukwon, the grandfather of King Gwanggaeto Ho Tae, is called Soyeolje. If Goguryeo was only a empire, could it have used the title of "je"? This is good evidence to show that the king of Goguryeo held a memorial service. The word "Yeolje" means "the emperor who governs the kingdoms," and at that time, Goguryeo was considered a perfect expression for the title of the Goguryeo emperor because it conquered the countries and tribes on all sides. What about Baekje? On the tombstone excavated from the tomb of King Muryeong of Baekje, the death of King Muryeong, or King Muryeong, is written as a carp. Bung is a word used when an emperor dies. When the monarch of the empire and kingdom died, the expression Hong was used. However, the expression "bung" is used on the tomb stone that appears in the Tomb of King Muryeong, indicating that the king of Baekje performed the Qingje. Chiljido, a representative relic of Baekje, said, "The king of Baekje gives a gift to the queen of the Japanese Empire."is well-known. This shows that Baekje used the Japanese Empire as its imperial power. In addition, the national color of Baekje was yellow. King Geunchogo, the 13th king of Baekje, used a yellow flag when he went to conquer Goguryeo. Yellow was a color that only emperors could use in ancient East Asian society. Yellow symbolizes the middle according to the Yin and Yang Five Elements idea. That's why emperors of all dynasties used yellow. For example, the emperor of the Ming wore yellow clothes, and the king of Joseon, who was the empress of the Ming Dynasty, wore red clothes. As such, yellow was a color that only the emperor could use. Baekje, which used this color as its national color, also means that it was actually an imperial country. Other evidence is the records in Namjeoseo. It is written that the king of Baekje asked him to give the burial mound as a "silver statue" in return for preventing the invasion of the north, but this is different from the truth. In the world, does the empire protect the emperor and receive land in return? As it appeared during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, it is a principle that the Imperial Kingdom pays tribute, and instead, the Imperial Kingdom sends soldiers to help when the Imperial Kingdom is in danger due to shouting. For example, when the Japanese invaded Silla in 400 years, Goguryeo dispatched soldiers to save Silla, which was a subordinate country. Nevertheless, it is out of common sense that Namje, who broke up the land, acknowledged the rule, and shouted for help in the cry, was the kingdom of Baekje and the kingdom of the emperor. Silla was also aiming for an imperial system. King Beopheung of Silla used the annals of Geonwon, King Jinheung used the names of Gaeguk and Taechang, King Jinpyeong used Geonbok, Queen Seondeok used Inpyeong, and Queen Jindeok used Taehwa. If Silla was a duchy or kingdom, would it have used the era name? Moreover, Hwarangsegi describes Silla's past monarchs as ritual, not king. Balhae was also an imperial kingdom. As Goguryeo used the era name and called itself Taewang, Balhae was also an empire that used the era name and called it the emperor. Balhae's independent use of the era name means that Balhae was a country with equal status to the party that controlled the midfield at the time Can see. At that time, in East Asia, a party-centered international order was established, and this party-centered international order included Silla and many other countries. However, the fact that Balhae called himself the emperor and set the era name can be said to indicate that Balhae and the Tang Dynasty are equal empires, unlike Silla. Daejoyeong, who founded Balhae, ascended to the throne as a high priest and used the era name of Cheontong.

The second emperor of Balhae, Muje Daemuye, wrote the era name of Inan, the third emperor, Daeheummu, Daeheung, and the sixth emperor, Kang Je, Daesoonglin, wrote the era name, the ninth emperor, Daeheung, and Taeheung, the first emperor. The inscription of Jeonghyo Hwangnyeomyo, the third daughter of Balhae Munje, is engraved with the word "Hwangsang" as a reference to Munje. At that time, Balhae people called their own monarch "Hwangsang." This is the inheritance of Goguryeo's crown, and it is supported by the fact that the central government was asked to honor the Malgal minority, the minority in the Bukmanju region, and the post-Koryo Kingdom in the Liaodong region as the emperor's kingdom. The relics of Balhae are displayed at the Ohara Museum of Art in Kurashiki, Japan. However, this relic proves that Balhae was an emperor country. This relic is a four-year-old statue of Buddha named Hamhwa, and is the era name of Jangje Daeijin, the eleventh emperor of Balhae. This statue was produced by the mother of Jo Mun-hyu, who was an official of Heo Wang-bu, in the 4th year of Hamhwa (834 AD). However, what should be noted here is the name of the government office called Heo Wangbu. This means that there was a person who was sealed as a king in Balhae. If you refer to the Chinese system at that time, Wangbu can be established in the emperor's kingdom (to be exact, the state that claims the emperor or the state that is in the emperor's position). The appearance of the name Heo Wang-bu is evidence to support the claim that Balhae is an emperor country. What about Goryeo? Goryeo was also a country oriented toward the imperial system. King Taejo Wang Geon, who founded Goryeo, used the era name "Cheonsu," and the fourth emperor, Gwangjong, used the era names "Gwangdeok" and "Junpung." In addition, the Goryeo people called Songak as Hwangdo and Hwangseong. In "Dongsa Gangmok" by Ahn Jung-bok, a history book of the Joseon Dynasty, there is a part that explains the history of Goryeo and says, "Wanggeon is a class called Cheonja with all due to injustice." It can be said that it shows that Wang Geon, King Taejo of Goryeo, has referred to himself as an "emperor" since the founding of the country. It is known that Goryeo was a kingdom in the later generations because Goryeo's previous monarchs were described as "king" in "Goryeosa," "Goryeo Sajeyo," and various history books written during the Joseon Dynasty. In "Goryeosa," the king of Goryeo calls himself "Jim." "Jim" is a word that refers to the emperor himself in the empire, and in theory, the king, who is the emperor's "appointed", cannot use it. If the king of Goryeo was only a "jeju," could he refer to himself as a "jim"? "Goryeosa" is a history book compiled by the masters of Joseon Dynasty during the Joseon Dynasty, which used Zhu Jiahak as a "national religion" and took a low attitude toward the Han Dynasty, so there would have been no mention of the fact that Goryeo built Qingje. There is also evidence that Goryeo was an imperial kingdom. None other than the bureaucracy of the Goryeo Dynasty is the evidence. This is because the names of the three provinces, Jungseoseong, Munhaseong, Sangseoseong, Ibu, Hobu, Yebu, Byeongbu, Hyungbu, and Study (departments attached to the imperial family) were important, and "Sunghu" was used recklessly. In the Joseon Dynasty, when he claimed to be a "new country" of the Jungwon Dynasty (although in form of course), the term "bu" could not be used with all due respect, so the department that played the same role as the sixth part of Goryeo was renamed "Jo". It is that Ibu, Hobu, Yebu, Byeongbu, Hyungbu, and Study were changed to Ijo, Hojo, Yejo, Byeongjo, Hyeongjo, and Gongjo. In addition, the letter "Seong" was also used in the administrative system of Balhae under the name of "Samsung Sixbu System" during the Balhae period. In addition, the terms used by previous monarchs of Goryeo to issue orders include "Joseo," "Jeseo," and "Chicseo." These terms can only be used by the emperor Cheonjaguk, and the emperor cannot use the emperor. In the imperial kingdom, 'teaching books' were used instead of them. Lee Gyu-bo, a representative literary man of the Goryeo Dynasty, is a poem written while celebrating the Lotus Lantern Festival in 1209. In the name of Goryeo, the Lotus Lantern Festival praises that "the whole world becomes one family" is due to the sacredness of the (Goryeo) emperor. If Goryeo was the emperor and Goryeo's king was only the king, Lee Kyu-bo, a literary man and an official who ate Goryeo's rust, could not dare to call Goryeo's king "Cheonja" and recite "the whole world becomes a family" under the flag of Goryeo. Lee Seung-hyu, who wrote Jewang Ungi, quotes a passage from a record sent to Goryeo by the Geum Dynasty in the past while writing the book, which reads like this. The emperor of Daegeum sends a message to the emperor of Goryeo.' This is not a record of Goryeo referring to itself, but a record of the Emperor Gold sent to Goryeo by the Geum Dynasty. Goryeo called itself a country ruled by the emperor, and it was also recognized externally. In Gyosan-ri, Dongbu-myeon, Gwangju-gun, Gyeonggi-do, there is a Maae Yaksa Temple (with Yaksa Buddha engraved on the wall of the rock), and 27 letters are engraved next to it. The content is to pray for Mansumugang of King Gyeongjong, the fifth emperor of Goryeo. The inscription "Emperor Mansewon" is engraved on the Geumseokmun Gate. This is evidence that the King's bell of Goryeo was called the Emperor. In addition, in Wongudan, which was attached to Songak's palace during the Goryeo Dynasty, Jecheon, the emperor of Goryeo, is one of the "material evidence." This is because in the East Asian order, only the emperor has the authority to perform ancestral rites in heaven. As such, the previous dynasties of Korean history were not imperial kingdoms or kingdoms, but imperial kingdoms. Nevertheless, we still think that the previous dynasties of Korean history are a empire that belonged to China. From now on, we must change history education. Our old countries were not kingdoms that offered tribute to the Jungwon Dynasty and lowered themselves as princes, but imperial kingdoms equivalent to the Jungwon Dynasty. It is time for us to remember this fact. Reference: Naver Open Dictionary, http://cafe.daum.net/hankookhistory

Taekkyeon's new side

 In early 2003, a number of photos left by Song Deok-ki, who had been talking about his existence, with the help of Kim Jung-yoon of Hanpool in 1985, finally appeared in the world. Due to the large number of techniques, the contents of the division into upper and lower sides (it is said that there was a lot of difference in technique, but it does not mean that) are vast and full of vivid smoke pictures of Song Deok-ki over 90, providing a good clue to Taek-gyeon's circular exploration. ⓒThere are many photos of "Pum-Bap-Gi," which is important enough to be called everything in the 2003 book publication, but is controversial about which is right, making it easier to grasp the substance and contains a variety of old laws (dangerous techniques that were not used in the game). In addition, various lower feet (bottom-up) show the importance of the lower feet, which have almost disappeared from modern Taekkyeon, and it can be said that it clearly shows how far they deviate from the original Taekkyeon. In addition, articulators and ground technologies, which were not considered to exist in Taekkyeon, also occupy a certain proportion, raising the need to revise the perspective on Taekkyeon. In addition, the scene of the performance, which is thoroughly conducted in pairs, raises the need to revise the current Taekkyeon guidance method, in which a master stands in the front and people follow behind him like any martial art. In addition, more diverse Confucian techniques than modern Taekkyeon say that the word white flag God's inscription recorded about Taekkyeon is only part of Taekkyeon, and it warns against Taekkyeon, who is obsessed with the word and is moving away from the original. In addition, the Taekkyon dance, which expresses Taekkyon as a dance, and the part where he practiced his skills using Hutaebi (scarecrow) are difficult to find even in current martial arts. However, there is something to be desired in this book. It is difficult to grasp the exact movement of the kick by filming only Song Deok-ki's demonstration until his high kick (top-scissors). At that time, Song Deok-ki was well over 90 years old, so it seems that he took it too hard even though he did not have accurate movements of high foot quality. If Song Deok-ki had a picture of him kicking the ball and a picture of his student kicking the ball high next to him, readers would have been able to figure out more accurate movements. And it is regrettable that the angle of the picture is not diverse. And it is regrettable that the technology used in the game (dog cycle) and the technology used in the fight (old law) were thoroughly separated and passed on because it was Taekkyon, which had a strong playing character, were organized in a lump without being separated.    It's from a blog called Cheolwoong's Travel Route. Ground skills and joints. It seems that it had a very different aspect from the perception that it had been. For your information, the book introduced over there costs 240,000 won. It's expensive. And there's a way to know some of the old-law techniques that you didn't reveal in the confederation Taekkyeon. In the Taekkyeon Book compiled by Park Jong-kwan at the bookstore, most of the old law techniques can be found. If you look at some of the things you've found, first of all, a drop is a technique that hits the jaw with the palm of your hand and pulls out the jawbone. Putting on glasses is a technique that pokes eyes with two fingers, and eardrums are a technique that hurts the eardrum by hitting the ears with the palm of the hand as the name suggests. Attaching the temple is a punch, and snoring is a technique that hits the back of the nose with the palm of the hand.  There are a lot of techniques that are more extreme than I expected. Warfog-Lee Taeyong's post is permed without permission. In fact, martial arts is everywhere, but I personally like North Korean Taekwondo as a sport. The technology is fancy and it's fun to watch. Taekwondo in our country is almost a shattering level. The military taekwondo looks stronger than the reality. I've seen a martial art called "Gicheonmun" before, and he likes to kick below his waist, especially when he's full of emotions. The ancient martial arts side is definitely more brutal.

Ten emperors who corrupted Rome...

 1. Tiberius the Second Emperor of Rome. Augustus' quantum. He was a Honam with a big physique enough to compete in the Olympics when he was young, but as he got older, his face got uglier and he was especially jealous and suspicious. He is said to have a strong sexual desire, so even during the ritual, he met with a female slave and dragged her into the room before the ritual was completed. In particular, he was recognized as a lunatic after he left Rome and lived in seclusion on the scenic island of Capri. He entrusted Sejan, the captain of the Guards, to the affairs of Rome, where Sejan indiscriminately accused the senators, and Tiberius accepted the accusations without even considering it, and many senators were executed or deported. He was also so jealous of his adopted son, Germanikus, that he prevented him from conquering Germania and sent him to the east to assassinate him. It is also said that in order to strengthen his sexual desire on Capri Island, young children were gathered to engage in sexual activities in front of him or to touch his genitals in the bathtub. When he finally died, citizens cheered and shouted, "Tiberius to the River Tevere!" 

2. Caligula is famous for his "crazy behavior." Even without mentioning Cuobadis, he is portrayed as a sex and pleasure-mad emperor enough. Caligula was a boot of the Roman legion and accompanied by his great father, Germanikus, who earned this nickname from the legions. It is said that he always held extravagant banquets and lived under the influence of alcohol, loved one of his sisters, and let the remaining two sisters go to exile, mistook himself as gods, and dressed up as Euphiter or Neptune. He also gave his favorite wagon racing team a tremendous tip and gave his horse a consul (the usual top post in Rome at the time of the republic). It is said that two people were selected every year and were appointed as the head of state affairs. There is also a story that the Jews were suppressed and ordered to build their statues in the temple, and that soldiers marched to the Strait of Dover to pick up clams. Eventually, the mad emperor was killed by the captain of the Guards, who made fun of him as a "gay lover." 

3. Emperor Nero. Claudius, the emperor who succeeded Caligula, was incompetent and was killed by his last wife and nephew, Agrippina. Agrippina ascends his son Nero to the throne, the eternal enemy of the famous Christian. Seneca is most famous for the madness of the emperor, who took the throne at the age of 16 with one of Rome's greatest philosophers as his teacher, burning Rome and turning it into a lion's meal at the Colosseum. He tried to burn Rome and privatize it to suit his ideals, but when citizens' complaints grew, he blamed Christians for the arson. He also mistook himself as an outstanding singer and did many things suitable for the singer instead of the emperor, and participated in the Greek Olympics and manipulated referees to sweep all the gold medals. In addition, the emperor, who was crazy about power, also did many things that he could not do as a human being, such as killing his mother, Agrippina, who was greedy for power, and executing her younger brother. Disappointed, even his teacher Seneca decided to assassinate him, but was found out beforehand and ordered to commit suicide. Eventually, he was tyrannical, but revolts broke out in various places and was ousted from the throne and committed suicide. The last thing he said was, "The world loses a great artist." 

4. Emperor Vitellius. After Nero's death, Galba and Otto consecutively ascended to the throne, but were killed within a few months. It was Vitellius who succeeded him as emperor. He was soon killed by an army led by Vespasian, but in the meantime he did a lot of incomprehensible things. Tacitus harshly criticized him, saying, "He is a pig who hides in the shade of the garden and raises his head only when he eats." 

5. The Emperor Domitian. By introducing a system of confrontation with the Senate and accusers, numerous senators were imprisoned, tortured, and executed. 

6. Emperor Commodus. I don't understand why a mouse came out of a tiger! His father was Marcus Aurelius, the last of the five glorious Roman emperors and philosopher emperors. It is a mystery why this great emperor handed over the throne to his son. Maybe there was someone else who executed Commodus by conspiracy. He was too lazy to go to war, so he took his hands off the Germanic war, which his father had almost won, and went back in unison and made pathetic moves. It caused friction with Lukila's stubborn sister's desire for power, and she tried to assassinate her brother, but she failed, was arrested, and killed. Since then, he has turned into a tyrant, whose nickname was the 'emperor of gladiators'. He considered himself Hercules, not Marcus Aurelius' son. In the remaining busts so far, he cosplay Hercules (?) with a lion skin and a club with a crazy blank stare. The emperor wore armor and directly confronted the gladiators, and according to historian Dio Cassius, he "cut the head of the ostrich with a single sword and looked at the senators."  And made unspoken threats to senators. Feeling danger, Dio Cassius is said to have escaped the crisis by making his fellow lawmakers chew orange leaves and act like they are smiling at him. He was also swept away by the pathetic politics of the guards and eunuchs, and eventually controlled the state affairs according to the government's words. However, he was strangled and killed by his wrestling teacher while bathing. Later, Edward Gibbon and many other historians blamed him for the fall of Rome. 

7. Caracalla Emperor He is the son of Severus Septimus, that ignorant military emperor. Caracalla is a type of "Galiyah cloak." Shortly after he ascended the throne, he killed his brother, rose to the throne alone, and wielded power in defiance of the Senate. He granted Roman citizenship to all the subjects of the empire simply for the purpose of increasing taxes, which resulted in military degradation in the quality of the empire as an ineligible person joined the Roman army. However, the emperor, who had military capabilities, succeeded in defeating the Germanic tribes. Eventually, the emperor, who thought he was the reincarnation of Alexander the Great, rebuilt the Greek Falanches and the elephant army, which had doubtful effects, and attacked Parthia. However, without much success, the emperor withdrew due to a stalemate in the front and was assassinated by his men. 

8. Elegabalus homosexual and sun god worshipper. He tried to spread the faith of the sun god in Rome, but was only despised and killed. Dozens of military emperors... They didn't do anything special, so it's hard to say they're crazy.;; 

9. Valence the Incompetent Emperor. He was devastated by luxury and pleasure and was killed by the Goths in Adrianople. 

10. Emperor who boasts the highest competence of the Honorian Western Roman Empire. When Rome fell to the Goths, the deputy said, "Your Majesty, I lost Rome," and he was sad because he thought it was Rome, a chicken he had raised as a pet. However, he was rather happy when the truth was revealed later.

Organizing Taejo Lee Seong-gye's Major and Promotion

 1. 1356 (5th year of King Gongmin): After joining Goryeo with his father, Yoo In-woo responded to the attack on the Ssangseong General the following year, and later succeeded his father as General Geumowi and Sangmanho in Northeast-myeon. 

2. 1361: Suppressing the Rebellion of the Dokro Gangmanho Park Ui. 

3.1361: When Gaegyeong fell due to the invasion of Hong Geon-jeok, the following year, 2,000 soldiers participated in the recapture of the capital, entered the first position, and was promoted to Dongbuk-myeon Military Magistrate 

4.1361: When Nahachu of Yuan invaded Hongwon, Hamgyeong-do, it was defeated in Hamheung Plain. PS. It is said that Nahachu called himself a planetary ascendant based on Shenyang, so it seems that he was actually establishing an independent force in Manchuria at this time. It was said that it turned around and defeated in Hamheung Plain. 

5.1364: When Choi Yu, who was in Yeongyeong of the Yuan Dynasty, appointed King Chungsuk's brother Deokheung-gun and invaded Pyeongan-do with 10,000 troops to abolish King Gongmin, they were dispatched from Dalcheongang River with Choi Young. PS. It is said that Choi Yu fled to Yeongyeong again and tried to attack Goryeo again, but was rather impeached and sent to Goryeo and executed. 

6. Defeat the invasion of Hwaju, Hamgyeong-do by Samseon and Samgae of the Yeojin tribe. This year, he wrote a book on Ikdaegongsin as a secret envoy. 

7.1368: Promoted to the head of the northeastern region and the governor of Munhaseong Province. 

8. 1372 (King Gongmin 21): Became Hwaryeong Buyun. 

9.1377 (Wuwang 3): Defeat the Japanese as West River Buwonsu when they threatened to open the country. ps.Japanese pirates come up to Gaegyeong.;;; 

10.1380: He became a patrol officer of Yanggwang, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang-do and wiped out Japanese pirates at Unbong Peak. 

11.1382: Becoming a Commandant of the Northeast As a Prospect. 

12.1383: Reaching Hobatu's army in Hamgyeong-do with Lee Ji-ran in Gilju. 

13.1384: He became the head of the Tohoku-myeon and defeated the Japanese invaders who invaded Hamju, Hamgyeong-do the following year. PS. Hamju seems to be near Hamheung. Are you saying that Japanese pirates came all the way here?;;; 

14. 1388 (Woohwang 14): Yuhwado County. That's a hell of a win.Without him, Goryeo would have been ruined

Do you know the monument to the Great Battle of Bukgwan?

 On July 15, 1592, the 25th year of King Seonjo's reign, Kato-gun advanced to Hamheung in the northeast with a large army of 22,000 and occupied the land 1,000 ri north of Hamgwanryeong. Almost all of the army's leaders fled after abandoning the castle, but General Jeong Mun-bu, who had no soldiers to fight, collected the righteous army and handed over the prince Im Hae-gun and Sunhwa-gun, who fled at the same time, to the Japanese army. The Battle of Gyeongseong, the Battle of Jangpyeong (1592 in Gilju), the Battle of Ssangpo, the Battle outside the south gate of Gilju (1593), the Battle of Dancheon, the Battle of Baektapgyo (1594), and the Battle of Yeojin were defeated.   At that time, General Jeong Mun-bu's major did not shine in the world, and during Lee Gwal's rebellion, King Injo evacuated to Gongju and appointed a mourning ball as vice minister, but General Jeong Mun-bu did not go to the post even after receiving the king's permission due to his abscess. Park Hong-gu was falsely accused and tortured by his mother, Oksa, but was found not guilty. However, at that time, King Injo Banjeong and others did not release it, and they continued to take issue with the Hoewang poem of the Cho Dynasty at the time of the governor of Changwon, and were killed unfairly after severe torture. On November 9, 1624, the 2nd year of King Injo's reign (1624), General Jeongmun, a hero and a master who made a great and brilliant major comparable to the Battle of Hansan in the Japanese Invasion of Korea, was unjustly tortured in prison. After 41 years of being unfairly angry, his identity was restored by the appeal of Jeong Tae-hwa of Yeonguijeong (6th year of King Hyeonjong's reign 1665), and in the 40th year of King Sukjong (1713), he was given the title of Chunguigong and was given the title of Bujeon (1788). Although late, General Jeong Mun-bu was honored with the first contribution of Seonmuwonjong for the peace of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and the best government official (jong 1 item) was awarded to Sungkyunkwan Sungkyunkwan Hongmungwan Daejehak 5th place. General Jeong Mun-bu was born in Seoul (near Ojang-dong, Manso-dong, Hansung-bu) on February 9, the 20th year of King Myeongjong (1565), and his main house is Haeju, his pen name is Nongpo, and his pen name is Chungui. When King Seonjo 21 (1588) was 24 years old, he took the Myeonggyeong department and passed the examination, and Kim Gwi-young and Hwang Jung-wook, the city's officers, were happy to have a talent in Korea, and when he turned 27, he voluntarily received a ritual and engaged in enlightening politics. 111 years after the end of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1709, King Sukjong built the Bukgwan Daecheop Monument in Gilju, Hamgyeongbuk-do, in honor of the defeat of the Japanese army eight times in the Gwanbuk region. Bukgwan Daecheop Monument, which contains 187cm in height, 66cm in width, and 1,500 characters, details the activities of the righteous army in Gyeongseong and Gilju, one of the birthplaces of the three major diseases during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. However, during the 1905 Russo-Japanese War, he was the 17th Brigade Commander of the 2nd Japanese Division stationed in the area The monument, which was discovered by the major general at the appointed station and their record of defeat, was taken to Japan when he returned home and kept it in the imperial family, but is now left in the forest of the Yasukuni Shrine, a symbol of Japanese militarism.  The 187-centimeter-tall and 66-centimeter-wide monument conveys in detail the activities of righteous army during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and is a representative symbol of national resistance in the history of the Korean Peninsula.  Then, until it was discovered in 1969 by Choi Seo-myeon, director of the International Institute of Korean Studies, Bukgwan Daecheop Monument disappeared from the memory of Koreans.  The Korean government and related organizations launched a campaign to return the monument, but the Japanese government said, "It is difficult for the government to intervene in accordance with the principle of separation of church and state," and Yasukuni said, "The original location is North Korea." More than 30 years have passed since the return to Korea has not been made, as he repeatedly said, "We are not willing to return it to Korea."