The defeat of France in 1940 was the defeat of democracy

 It seems like a big war between dictatorships and democracies is only a few. By the end of the 19th century, the United States, England, France, and Northern Europe emerged, and for example, even in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, not only Germany but also France were hereditary monarchies. the Second Reich of Napoleon III Of course, it changed into a third republic during the war. It was only in the 1880s that poor citizens of England and France had the right to vote, so it was the beginning of a true democracy. It's just men. But the weakness of democratic states, the weakness of military discipline, is that in 1914 the United States and France joined forces to stop Germany, but in 1940 the defeat of democracy by Nazi Germany in France was a major defeat. Germany, Japan, Italy, and fascist countries attacked democracy. Democratic people who are fed up with the countryside are laughing at each other. Italy was no problem, but... Germany and Japan swept Europe and Asia, so France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Northern Europe, and other democracies. Eastern European model democracies like the Czech Republic. In the end, the U.S. and Britain alone gained strength and led other dictatorships such as the Soviet Union to overthrow them, so the Cold War was inevitable afterwards. Since then, there has been no war between democracies and dictatorships, except that Israel has fought with Arab dictatorships. The United States did hunt for Third World dictators, but this is not a war of numbers... ...Noriega and Hussein. The Korean War and the Vietnam War are dictatorships except for the U.S. South Korea, North Korea, China, Soviet Union, North Vietnam, South Vietnam. First of all, the democratic parallel has moved eastward from the German-French border (Majino line) to the West-East German border (the Iron Curtain) and lasted for 40 years. France lived Cheers, Germany is early...Scream. This issue ended in 1990 with the reunification of Germany and the democratization of Eastern Europe (especially Russia). In order to enjoy democracy and pleasure, the neighboring great dictatorship must be eliminated... ...I'm relieved that Japan has become a postwar democracy with its lax military and South Korea's breakwater. After World War II, major democracies, the United States, Britain, France, and Germany joined in the post-war defeat... democratization by defeat. After the June 1987 uprising, Korea also joined a democratic nation... ...of course, neighboring dictatorship China and North Korea are the problem. Fortunately, however, the collapse of the Cold War in the 1990s led to the collapse of North Korea as an isolated country, while South Korea was firmly supported by the U.S. Although the truce line suddenly changed to a democratic-to-dictatorship border like the German-French border, the Iron Curtain, and the Israeli border, it is a relief that the rear area of the dictatorship collapsed at the same time. In fact, this case is quite rare... ...to deal with this situation that has changed since the '90s, we need to reinforce high-tech weapons and not let young people off the hook and roll in the army. "Army should not be a democracy to defend democracy." I saw it in the movie Crimson Tide

Scientific Analysis of Admiral Yi Sun-shin's Battle of Myeongnyang

 

① This naval battle was not fought at the narrow choke point of Myeongnyang (Uldolmok), but was conducted in the wide sea in front of Imha Island in the northwest of the Myeongnyang Strait, but is usually known as Myeongnyang Battle. Yi Sun-sin thoroughly studied the waterways conditions around this area in advance and used 100% of the time and space. He set it up as a battlefield and secretly moved the fleet there the night before to wait for cover-up. There was a reason for choosing this place as the battlefield. The tide flows very fast, and its maximum flow rate is more than 40 kilometers per hour, surpassing that of the Japanese fleet or Yi Sun-shin fleet. And the tide and ebb change every six hours, and the water changes from east to west, and when the water changes, the flow stops for a while, but after 30 minutes, the flow rate becomes 10 kilometers, and after 30 minutes, it becomes 20 kilometers, and after two hours, it is a special waterway condition that repeats four times a day. ② The speed between the tide and the ebb was only an hour, during which the rowing boat could be controlled to some extent, but the rest of the time the boat was pushed along with the speed. Therefore, if you use it well, you can effectively defeat the attack, and if you use it in reverse, it was advantageous for the attack. In particular, Panokseon was very advantageous for attack because of its superior turning ability compared to Japanese ships. ③ More than 100 Japanese fleets were swept away by the tide, and the narrow and rugged terrain of Uldolmok was broken by cross-tides, and some were sunk by Yi Sun-sin's pre-installed coastal obstacles, and 20 more were destroyed by anti-turtle and gunfire. The decisive factor in the victory of this naval battle is that Yi Sun-sin defended Uldolmok without being broken through for an hour until the Myeongnyang Strait reflux turned into a pure current. That's why he called himself a part-party jokguchunbu at a meeting of commanders on the eve of the operation, and gathered his will to fight for the resolution by killing himself immediately. In addition, he showed determination and encouraged his subordinates, who were overwhelmed by the enemy's power during the operation and lost combat fraud, to change their posture to a hundredfold of courage to provide an opportunity for victory. "Will you fight to death, or will you run away and covet your life?" "You have sinned not to escape far away and save the captain." Japanese naval tactics were conventional tactics, such as climbing onto an opponent's ship and killing them in close combat, while the Korean navy used tactics to destroy ships with partisanship or guns and destroy them with fire. In addition, when Pia's ships were in contact with each other, Panokseon was structurally uncomfortable for enemy soldiers to climb, and it was perfect for stabbing the climbing enemy soldiers with a spear as if catching bugs. And by placing about 100 fishing boats in the rear safe waters, Yi Sun-shin carried out deception tactics as if he were a bad 13 supporting force. As explained earlier, during the second invasion, Japan organized about 140,000 troops into the Middle, Left, and Right armies. Among them, the allies were in charge of Gyeongsang-do, Jeolla-do, and Chungcheong-do, and after landing in Busan, they joined the remaining troops of the coastal base and advanced to Jeonju around mid-August 1597. On July 17, the Japanese military decided to take control of the sea and transport 100,000 Chinese and left soldiers by sea, and on September 16, they planned to join the Han River through the west coast and invade Seoul. Therefore, on September 17, when the Battle of Myeongnyang was defeated, another Japanese military operation meeting was convened, and the result of the meeting was to stop further advance and build a castle on the southern coast to protect it. Toyodomi, who was happy to hear the news of the destruction of the Wonkyun fleet and said she would send troops to Joseon, changed her mind again when she heard the news of the defeat of the Battle of Myeongnyang. Then, let's summarize the progress of the Battle of Myeongnyang. The true value of the Battle of Myeongnyang was not only to defeat the superior enemy by more than 10 times, but also to remind controller Yi Sun-shin of his wrongdoings in mid-August, just before his participation in the war. "There are still 12 ships" means that the resolution and Hyean, like a naval commander, became a teacher while being good for a female army like Seonjo. It is absurd and absurd that Yi Sun-shin ordered the abolition of the naval forces in the form of medicine and soldiers even after re-appointing himself as a third-degree naval controller. The reason why the enemy has not dared to invade the south, such as Chungcheong and Jeolla, has been because our navy has blocked its forces, and now if the navy is abolished, the enemy will surely go up to the Han River through Honam, but it will be God's fear. If Yi Sun-shin's 13 front ships had been ignored and the naval forces had been abolished, the Japanese navy would have entered the Han River with 100,000 troops, so King Seonjo would have been taken prisoner before he crossed the Imjin River and fled to Ming for the second time. On September 20, 1597, immediately after the Battle of Myeongnyang, the Japanese army advanced to Jiksan Mountain under Cheonan. The front line was deadlocked due to a collision with Myeonggun here, but the maritime supply route was cut off due to the defeat of the Myeongnyang Battle under the circumstances where it was difficult to advance due to the lack of military beauty. It was only a matter of time before it reached Seoul from Jiksan Mountain through Cheonan Gyeongyu Water Source, and 13 Yi Sun-shin fleet returned it. About eight months after the Great Battle of Myeongnyang (around April 1598), the Ming army's Gyeongniyangho knew that there was no reward for Yi Sun-shin in the court, and made an unusual order as follows. "Lee Sun-shin killed the enemy with all his might. I am very pleased with his great achievement. Encourage and encourage Yi Sun-shin by quickly awarding him." Seon-jo, filled with distrust and hatred for Yi Sun-shin, refused to be promoted to Soongjeong Godfather (now Deputy Prime Minister level), but only represented his subordinates. Then, after abandoning the body hair and authority of the king of a country, Yang-ho begged Yang-ho to receive his deep bow, saying, "No." What does this mean? What kind of ball do I have? It's not fair to bow to me.' After the Battle of Myeongnyang, the enemy retreated to the southern coast, and Ulsan in the east and Yegyo in the west were built in 18 semi-permanent positions, so the sea of Jeolla-do was restored by Yi Sun-shin, but the inland was already a brutal Japanese barbarism. The Battle of Myeongnyang shares its strategic significance with the Battle of Hansan, which provided a historical biography of the Seven Years' War by decisively thwarting the Japanese military's strategy to move north of the West, but the Battle of Myeongnyang in particular highlights Yi Sun-sin's superhuman ability and will to overcome persecution and adversity. Despite the unprecedented power imbalance in the history of the World War, 13 to 133 ships were mobilized locally without any coordination, and to make matters worse, the mind and body caused by imprisonment, torture, and white troops were extremely weakened. However, before this, Won-gyun, who destroyed more than 100 Yi Sun-shin fleets and buried nearly 10,000 naval forces, is still talkative even after his death. This was because Seonjo ordered him to post-mortem as the No. 1 contributor. The fact that he was eventually honored as the No. 1 contributor to the Seonmu and received the Order of the Taegeuk Martial Arts is regrettable as an act of disturbing the national flag of the time when he killed the national spirit and conspired with injustice. However, it is indeed deplorable that some of the groups of aces who have interests with them, including the Central Family Association of Wonju Won, have committed a serious error of killing Won Gyun once again. The author believes that Seo-ae Yoo Seong-ryong's Jingbirok, who went through the three commandments that actually led the seven-year war between Korea and Japan at the national level, is sincere because of his insight and character. He dramatically describes how Won Kyun, a third-degree naval control officer, Lee Eok-ki, and Jeon Rau-susa Temple, and the defecation of Gyeongsang-woo Temple suffered their last death during the defeat of 7,000 troops. 「....... Won Kyun's soldiers were again badly defeated and scattered. Won-gyun fled to the beach, abandoned the boat, climbed a hill, led a dull body, and was killed while Won-gyun was alone here, and ....... Lee Eok-ki jumped into the river on the boat and died. After several times, he escaped from the harbor after preparing several ships of his own for enemy soldiers...." However, Yi Sun-shin fought a fierce battle with a Muju ship in the Battle of Noryang, while Won-kyun ran away as a 3rd-degree naval commander. At that time, these crimes of treason deserved five punishments: beating the neck, confiscating property, removing its name from the genealogy, digging up the tombs of its ancestors, and making children slaves. In addition, Bae-bang, a Gyeongsang-jwasu, escaped with 12 ships and barely saved his life, but was later arrested and killed. One ironic thing is that the 12 ships preserved by Bae-seol were the seeds of Yi Sun-sin's Myeongnyang Battle and were the seeds of the fleet's However, we learn from Yi Sun-shin's victory in the naval battle that the power of the absolute, which guarantees the victory of justice, is inevitably destroyed like vegetables. Cheok Sa-jeong is a self-possessed government that teaches us the achievement of patience and hope through hardship on the side of truth and justice. I warn some ugly scholars who are standing as bridesmaids to restore Won-kyun's honor. I reiterate that I should not commit the folly of small investigations. A tyrant in the world The green motto given to Won-kyun by King Seonjo, a mixed and female soldier, for the benefit of the royal authority cannot be the value setting of truth to greatly reevaluate Won-kyun today. In the past and now, rotten politicians have repeatedly acted like a Pharisee praying in front of a painted tomb I got it.

■ Alexander Gwanggaeto the Great of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (8)

 Damdeok, who did not neglect martial arts training even after becoming a prince, secretly went into the mountain and focused on polishing the sword law under the teachings of the old man Shingeum. He worked tirelessly to master this principle according to the words of the old man Singeum, who instructed him to learn the reason of the sword first. Martial arts training was conducted without skipping a day. He ran from place to place with a long sword in the freezing cold. How much he jumped, the heat warmed the air around him. Through this hard work, the scientific principle of the sword was acquired through the body. But then there was the problem. No further progress has been made on the sword. Prince Damdeok struggled in agony to solve this problem. Then one day, while training in martial arts, I looked down on domesticity. In front of his eyes, he saw a forest area that had never been touched by humans. It was a city castle surrounded by thick forests. "Did they carve out that lush forest area and build the present city wall?" Even though nature is huge, it is not as powerful as man!' He thought of this and tried to look closely at the city again, and the figure disappeared in an instant. As he immersed himself in the scare method, he seems to have had a fantasy for a while. At that moment, I remembered a conversation with an old man Shingeum. "The founding philosophy of Dangun Joseon is the Hongik people. Therefore, the basic principle of the Divine Dagger Method should also be found in human sense. It's no other than a man who moves a sword." "So why do you practice herbivores and swordsmanship using them?" "To be a master of martial arts, you must develop a sword without a margin of error. But you have to control your mind to get to the point of teeth." "So do martial artists dream of becoming one of the swordsmanship?" "Yes, but the swordsmanship itself is not the end of the martial arts. We must carve out a whole range of beneficial swords and minds. This step is the completion of the Sindan Sword Law." Prince Damdeok strongly stepped on the ground, reflecting on his teacher's words. The ground remained motionless, leaving only the footprints he had taken. A city wall could not have been built with a single footprint. It would have been pioneered by the united power of countless people.' Suddenly, the principle of the Shindan Sword Method seemed to be in hand. But I couldn't really bring it up. I looked at the top of the mountain with a little excitement and a little frustration in a state of ignorance. If the principle of the Shindan sword method is not understood, the teacher's words to go up to the top of the mountain were raised more. The mountain peak stood alone in the middle of the blue sky, showing a peaceful and leisurely appearance. The summit looked haughty and relaxed. I wanted to climb to the top of the mountain. I've already gone up several times, but I wanted to go up again now. The prince went up with a bewitched pace. The green shoots were growing on the ground. But the number was decreasing as it went up. 'The top of the mountain would not have sprouted yet. The green shoots must be the nourishment that makes you look proud, but how on earth is the summit so confident without it? What kind of source is it that fascinates people.' The prince looked down at the sound of the water in the valley, tilting his head at the fact that it was not new. The water in the valley drove more water as it flowed. The water in the valley was heading toward the huge sea, and the base of the mountain was leading to an endless field. The mountain peaks were all nourishing. The summit led the water of the valley to the sea with its body at the bottom of the mountain supporting it. The power of the summit was the power of the sea and the power of the field under the mountain. But the mountain was proud and haughty. The prince saw the sign of the summit in his beating heart. The prince danced with the gesture. His blade, which began to move, was already facing endless fields and huge seas. His ever-changing blade gradually became simpler. His sword went from valley to stream, from river to river, from river to sea. When he finally reached the sea, a powerful force came out of his sword. It was powerful enough to swallow everything. The sword, compressed by thousands of invisible blades into a single blade, swept through everything. It was a demonstration of sea swordsmanship on the sea. The sword was not perfect. There was a little disruption, but it was a powerful sword method. He realized the reason of the new dagger method, which he struggled and struggled to find. Although it is not completed now, it will be solved by training in the future. He looked for a moment at the top of the mountain with a happy face, then turned to go down alive again. It was the sound of old man Shin Geum calling, "The Crown Prince's Highness!" He bowed to his teacher in dismay. "I'm about to go up to the top of the mountain, but will you go up, too?" Old Singeum asked casually. 'No, I'm going down.' 'No. I'm about to go down." "Why would you give up halfway when you're about to go up?" "Because I realized that the power at the bottom of the mountain is the power at the top of the mountain, and that the water in the valley flows into the sea." "The power at the bottom of the mountain and the power of the sea." I'm so proud of you. I can't believe I've already realized the reason of the Divine Dagger Act..." "I've only learned a little bit about the shell. I still have a long way to go to catch up with my teacher. I will continue to polish and enlighten you on the essence of the new dagger method." The prince's words were not empty words. Since then, he has mastered the essence of the new dagger method based on the principles of the sea sword method. Prince Damdeok looked up to the sky and sighed for a while in the front yard of Taegungjeon Hall, and suddenly pulled out a defeat sword. He tried to calm himself by looking at the blades flashing in the sun. Even though he was the prince of a country, he was unable to save young generals who were caught in a group of state ministers. It was clear that Moduru and Busabi were on his side no matter what anyone said. And yet, I couldn't do anything about it. Only a plan to follow the horse and give it a name when Janghyup appealed to the late King Gogukyang, the father king. The pain left a faint scar in the middle of the chest. He whipped himself in pain. "The monarch is in the center of the country and cannot carry out the selection that touches the people, and is weighed down by the power of power, so he is in a position to close his eyes even though he knows corruption." If this continues after I succeed His Holiness to the throne... ...no. It is necessary to drive out the clandestine gang and establish authority as a monarch and lay the foundation of the country. To do so, you need to build up your strength. Strong central power must be established. Only then can the future dream of building Goguryeo into a great empire be realized.' The prince clenched his teeth as he focused his eyes on the blade. Daedae Duso, a national figure, knew well that Prince Damdeok, unlike his father, King Gogukyang, was a brilliant and bold person and a wise person not suitable for his young age. Therefore, after dismissing the young generals who followed the prince, he was directly aiming for the prince. At that time, Goguryeo attacked Baekje in August 386, when it achieved stability in the western periphery, but was defeated without defeating Baekje's stubborn resistance. Du So argued that Baekje should be punished again. He told Hu Yeon that he should take a peace policy, but he was firm with Baekje. It was also so astute that it was raised as soon as the news of its defeat in the battle with the Baekje army was delivered. The ministers were puzzled by Du So's sudden change and looked at each other. Janghyup sympathized with Duso, saying that it was right to conquer Baekje for the safety of the country when the western periphery was stabilized. Then, the trend tilted toward punishing Baekje. But what really mattered was who to send. The competent young men had already been dismissed. The controversy ended at the point where the divided parties agreed to send someone who could successfully conquer Baekje. So far it's been very natural. Duso seemed to have become a loyalist to establish the nation's spirit. It had no choice but to look like that when it was asked to conquer Baekje, the enemy of Goguryeo. But things happened in a completely different place. Praise for Prince Damdeok was circulated among the people. Then, rumors spread that the prince himself was punishing Baekje. And now, it was said that he would go to the southern Pyongyang castle immediately. It was a ploy to send Prince Damdeok away from the national fortress. Otherwise, there was no way that the prince was suddenly mentioned among the people and that he would go to the South Pyongyang Province. The prince was busy training martial arts around this time. Moreover, even if you are a man of great ambition, no one would say that you should send a young child who is 13 years old to the conquest of Baekje. Now the prince was swept away by this rumor and had to decide, regardless of his will. But any decision was entrapped. If he didn't go to court, he had to endure a political blow at a young age. On the contrary, the question of whether it could win the battle against Baekje remained, although it was a courageous and courageous decision if it battle against Baekje. If defeated or caught in the conquest of Baekje, the future will be bleak. Prince Damdeok left the palace, leaving his disturbed mind behind, and went up to Hwandosan Mountain, where Winaamseong Fortress is located. Since he was a prince's status, there was a great concern that he would be exposed to the perspective of his surroundings, but when he met the old man Shin Geum and went for martial arts training, he was always short. The only people who knew that the martial arts he learned from the old man of Singeum reached a high level and that the Shindan Sword Method was also in its completion stage were the crown prince and the old man of Singeum. "Teacher, I'm here to greet you." It was the sound of the prince calling in front of the hut where the old man Shin Geum lives. The door of the hut opened, and the old man Shingeum appeared.

"I'm proud that you made the decision to go to the battlefield at a young age, but isn't it too dangerous?" Old man Shin Geum asked as if he already knew what the prince was trying to talk about. "I am about to succeed His Majesty as the sovereign of this country in the future. I thought I had to set an example for my country's prosperity." "Coward would be offensive to the ear." "Of course, it wouldn't be good to wear the label of a coward." But it's a conclusion that I've come to think about how it's right to build strength." "Build strength?" "Yes. In order for Goguryeo to prevent foreign invasion and overcome the crisis, it must have strong power. However, Goguryeo is currently not internally centered. Above all, the power of the royal family is weaker than the power of the gods. I decided to go to war to get a foothold to build up my strength." "Have you ever endured seeing young generals suffer? What's the difference now that you've put up with it?" "Patience is the process of building strength. However, in the current state of the country, we cannot promise the future. Political defeat is great, but we cannot guarantee the safety of young generals. It's going to end up sitting down and slowly sinking." The prince made his resolution firm in front of his teacher. His passionate words of resolution continued. "We need space to grow our strength. I wouldn't mind any adversity if I could keep my balance. Moreover, there is no reason to miss this golden opportunity when they say they will prepare it on their own," the old man Shin Geum asked in a side dish tone. "You have a great spirit. However, if you want to visit Baekje, you will have to take measures against it..." "It will never be difficult if you go with young generals." Prince Damdeok decided to join hands with young generals and go on a trip to build the nation's spirit. The old man Singeum picked up something and came out to the yard and approached the prince. What he was holding was Gyeonggung and tradition. The old man Shin Geum handed a bow and arrow to the prince and said, "There are never two suns in the sky. However, there are two suns rising in the sky of Goguryeo. This is not only against natural laws, but also against the laws of human life. How can I correct this?" The prince could understand what the old man meant. "If there were two suns in the sky of Goguryeo, I would shoot down one of them." After saying that, the prince pulled a bowstring toward the hot sun and fired an arrow. The arrow, fired high into the sky, flew far away and disappeared from the crown prince's sight. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo

■ Alexander Gwanggaeto the Great of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (7)

 On a clear April morning, spring came amid the still cold winter. The sprouts, which had shrunk throughout the winter, actively engaged in life activities to sprout. The vital energy collapsed helplessly. As if stimulated by the flow of nature, people's activities were also lively. This was first seen in the movement of especially vigorous young people. Since morning, some young people have been gathering in twos and threes and going somewhere. Dressed in hunting gear, they looked full of energy. Today is the day of the hunting contest. Today is the day of the youth conference, which excited the domesticity with the atmosphere of the festival. The faces of the young people were a little flushed, and the enthusiasm of youth was overflowing. When Hae Woo-sung reached the place of the hunting competition with a beating heart, countless young people were already gathered there. About a thousand people looked well over. The results of the passionate preparation were showing. Hae Woo-sung regained his mind by looking at the energetic young people. It should not be a national game. But you shouldn't be a coward. It should be made into a venue for a festival to build up the spirit of young people.' When Hae Woo-seong walked a little, he saw Moduru, Busabi, and Changyeo-ji. The momentum of Moduru, Busabi, and Changyeo-ji was definitely noticeable. Hae Woo-sung approached them and smiled happily. Through this, they reaffirmed that today's hunting competition should be a place where young people's spirit that will bear the future of their country is revealed. Busabi, Moduru, and Changyeo-ji stepped forward in front of young people. Then thousands of eyes gathered on them. All the bases opened their mouths first. "Dear young people who attended the hunting contest, today is a day to show off their spirit and spirit. Even if I wanted to wake up as a young man now, I couldn't have such an opportunity. I wanted to show you the power and passion of a young man, but there was no place to do it... ...and that was set up today. The hunting competition of young people, who have been looking forward to and longed for, was held successfully." When Moduru declared the start of the hunting competition, the young people who gathered shouted in unison. The shouts moved heaven and earth and remained. Everyone gave a speech in a passionate voice. "..... Hunting competitions are not just games. It's a place where you demonstrate your martial arts and skills that you've honed... ...as a young Goguryeo man, you're demonstrating your dashing spirit. Let's show the spirit and courage of Goguryeo youth by showing your martial arts skills to the fullest in hunting games. So let's declare to the world that a young Goguryeo man is alive." A thunderous applause rang through the mountain. Chang Yeo-ji followed in a loud voice, "...the young man is the pillar of the nation. Goguryeo is on the young man's two shoulders. At the heart of the hunt is the spirit of commerce. The spirit of commerce is the source of Goguryeo's spirit... The youth of Goguryeo should be armed with the spirit of commerce first of all. Let's love the people and be the true leader of Goguryeo who protects our country. Let's do our best in today's hunting competition and remember the spirit of our youth." When Chang Yeo-ji finished her speech, Busabi stepped up next. "..... The Goguryeo Kingdom, surrounded on all sides, has been invaded by foreign enemies countless times. But each time they fought back... the people who fought the invasion with their bare bodies, and it was the people's determined determination to win the expedition... to take the people as heaven and be the strong shield of their country... Let's build up the spirit of Goguryeo with the heroic spirit of the young people." Again, applause rang out in the mountains. "Today's hunting competition will be divided into three groups. Please cooperate with us... ...today's hunt should be a festival with the people. So I suggest that some of the game be served as a snack for today's banquet and all the rest be distributed to the people." "Right!" The young people agreed with Busabi's suggestion. Busabi, Moduru, and Changyeoji each raised flags. Then he ran his horse and took his position. Then the young people voluntarily moved to arrange into three groups looking at the flagpole. A youth squad, united with passion and spirit, was organized in perfect order. "Let's train with martial arts and build the spirit of youth!" "Let's build the spirit of Goguryeo armed with a commercial spirit!" "Let's love the people and be a true young man who protects our country!" The strong shouts from each unit echoed in the mountain. A series of shouts soon gathered together. The cry echoed the sky and vibrated the ground. The world woke up again, and fear and defeat disappeared like snow. The commercial spirit of Goguryeo, which was sleeping with the spirit of a young man, wriggled. The hollow chest spread out into the temple. At the forefront of the unit, Moduru, Busabi, and Changyeo-ji finally rang the signal of advance. The horses began to run at the same time as the loud shouts rang again. With the spirit of the youth and the hoof of the horse, heaven and earth seemed to open. Horses also jumped faster because they were surprised by the shouts of young people. It was thought that the cold wind of winter was over, but the winter of Naeseong Fortress, the national capital of Goguryeo, did not try to give up its place easily due to the spring wind. A man named Kkotsaem Cold came in an instant and gave a cold wind. It brought about a harsher cold as if it were a single-barred attack. The domesticity, which had revived the spirit of commerce and stirred by the hunting competition, was overwhelmed by ultra-tension. The young generals who led the hunting competition were arrested. The hunting competition held by young generals was grand. There were countless prey caught in the hunt, including deer and wild boars. Representatives of the competition distributed most of the game to the people and used the rest to hold banquets. Everything went smoothly. However, the atmosphere changed when someone criticized Du So Kuksang during the banquet. The government's policy was criticized here and there. He was even convicted of treason for submitting to the latter part and retreating the army. The young generals who led the competition tried to calm down. However, the youth's spirit was out of control and eventually turned to impulsive behavior. In the end, soldiers who were ordered by the two small states were dispatched to arrest young people. Many young people were captured, and the young generals who led the hunting competition were also arrested for responsibility for the incident. Domesticity has been further frozen since the incident. Those involved in the hunt didn't know what kind of noose would be put on. People were watching the repercussions of the incident in silence. After the arrest of young generals, Hae Woo-sung visited Janghyup. Hae Woo-sung asked him to save the young generals. He was silent because he knew what Hae Woo-sung was going to say. Then Hae Woo-sung said again. "I also went to the hunting competition, but it was a festival where young people gathered together to show their mettle. But the atmosphere changed suddenly by someone. It was definitely a plot to get rid of young generals." "Not only did he complain about the mediation, but he also exercised his power..." Jang Hyeop acknowledged Hae Woo-sung's words but asked back. "If you were going to complain about the mediation, would you have done it at the rally or at the banquet? It used the energy of young people to induce reckless behavior. Young generals were only caught in the conspiracy without sin." Jang Hyeop knew without Hae Woo-sung's words, but he was not an official to say anything to him. It was fortunate that it was confirmed that the prenatal care was not involved just because he was not linked, and that he was not ignoring his words to handle it cautiously. Jang Hyeop just stared at Haewoosung. But Hae Woo-sung did not step down from here. "You may never be safe because you were arrested for conspiracy. When young generals are killed, not only the Holy Father but also the Crown Prince... And, uh, a big man. There's no time to lose. You have to step up and get on with it." Jang Hyeop felt heavy pressure from Hae Woo-sung's struggle to save the young generals. It felt like a threat that it would never be good for you if the young generals were injured, whether they were royal or Dusso. Jang Hyeop asked awkwardly. "If it were planned, it would not be easy to give up young generals..." "It would be possible if we could get a command to deprive them of their official posts and keep them modest," Hae Woo-sung said without delay, as if he had been waiting in advance. "Um..." For a moment, a groan escaped from Janghyup's mouth. Hae Woo-sung's meticulous judgment of the situation was surprising. If Du So decided to eliminate young generals, he would not give it away easily, so he decided to take out the punishment first. Jang Hyeop reproached him for revealing his innermost thoughts even for a moment, and he braced himself again and pretended to be quite relaxed. 'Can you throw young generals out on such a case?' '...' 'Don't worry, I'll see for myself." Jang Hyeop said he would try to Hae Woo-sung, but he never intended to follow his words immediately. Time was on his side. As time went by, he was able to reveal the value of his existence to the royal family and the state funeral. Taking a neutral stance on the national flag and the royal family will make the prince and young generals more fretful, and the national flag will be wary of him. Then, we will naturally be able to approach the initiative in state affairs. While Janghyup was dragging his feet, there was a sound from Kuksang that young generals had attempted a treason plot. A conspiracy was being revealed by the Du So group. However, there was no notable action or movement on the royal side. Everything was going as Du So intended. The weight of the scale was leaning toward the cow. At this time, Janghyup met the late King Gukyang while coughing continuously. He judged that the time was ripe to appeal the problems of young generals. The late King Gukyang seemed to have already predicted that Janghyup would come. "What do you want me to do?

" It was a direct question from the late King Gukyang. "It seems that the young generals, though at fault, were not deliberately opposed to the mediation. However, having caused such a mishap with his body in government office... ...I should think that he deserves to be punished for the time being to dismiss the government post." The late King Gukyang nodded his head and sent a letter directly to Jang Hyup. Not long after running the horse, Janghyup arrived in front of Du So's office. He stopped talking, and then proceeded with a group of soldiers to the state funeral. Du So greeted him with an expression of great surprise at the appearance of Janghyup. "Please accept the name of the king," shouted a soldier accompanied by Janghyup. Duso bent his knees at the word "Eomyeong." However, his expression of displeasure was clear in the way he gave his name. "...the prime minister's arrest of young men who spoke ill of the peace was due to his loyalty to the country... ...and the young generals are in government posts... ...and are guilty of causing unrest... ...for deprivation, resignation and self-restraint. Do this immediately." Dooso, who received the report, could not hide his displeasure. All I could think of was that something was wrong for a long time. During the reign of King Soosurim, the phenomenon of Janghyup and King Soosurim cooperating to isolate him seemed to be reproduced. Du So was not afraid of the royal family or each young man. But I was afraid that they would be linked. The power will be enormous. I had to stop it. I had to nip the bud firmly from the beginning. So, Dongyeondan was asked to prepare it carefully. The party did not betray his faith. Now I can solve my headache in a little while. Suddenly, however, the royal family and Janghyup have fought back. Dooso tried to regain his composure and grasp the situation. His mind was already traveling 10 million miles, with his sense of smell moving quickly. Jang Hyeop just talked like a good-natured person, receiving the attention of Du So. "The national service has been very great. It's no good criticizing the government. It's a good thing that you plucked the roots in the first place." "I just did what I had to do, but..." "The Holy Father greatly praised the state. His Majesty gave me a strict command to deliver this." Janghyup secretly showed off that he was a mediator in the relationship between the royal family and the state. Du So's expression was distorted for a moment. The examination was warped. The king said he praised his contribution, but he did not send down any gifts. Moreover, it is delivering Janghyup, which is like a scarecrow with a lively mouth. "Thank you for your kindness." Duso calmed down his anger in his heart and had a courtesy to the king. He had to calmly respond to the royal family, which is taking educational measures to cut his own flesh. However, when he reached the part where he talked about the king's holy grail, his face heated up. I was forced to admit defeat. If young generals claimed to have plotted against them, they could have at least killed them by depriving them of office. Therefore, deprivation of office was never a severe punishment. It had already been secured. I had to show everyone that at the very least I could oppose him and not be safe. This was the spirit. His act is praised as an act of loyalty under the name of his family and severely punished young generals, but in reality, he is to release them. It was an indication that the king would do it even if he committed a crime and the king would do it even if he was released. Eventually, Du So only gave the appearance of obedience to the king. "I will speak to His Majesty of the faithfulness of my state. So now..." "..." Chang-hyeop once again wanted to emphasize that he was a mediator. He greeted Dooso and parted ways, leaving the office of the state funeral. His face was triumphant with the look of the winner. The more the royal family competes, the more likely he will be to win. A mysterious smile was young at the corners of his mouth. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo

■ Alexander Gwanggaeto the Great of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (6)

 Dongyeondan immediately headed to Du So's office. Du So was looking at the house. Originally, it was not possible to do the work of the government office at the private residence, but as the power grew, Dooso handled it at the private residence. There was a person in fancy clothes walking over there. He even wrote a book on his head, and the width of the sleeves was so wide that the width of the water polo reached the ground. From the appearance of his behavior, it was clear that he was Du So's son Du Chil. This is because no one can wear such clothes, and it was only possible for the national family to wear them comparable to the royal family. "Where are you busy going?" the party greeted politely. "Oh, it's a bookshop. I'm also... I'm busy, so I'm going to..." Doo Chil's behavior was still arrogant. However, compared to the past, it was quite different, and after knowing the contribution of Dongyeondan, he did not treat it carelessly. When he entered Duso's office, Duso motioned him to sit down. Du So has been living with comrades in Yarrow to establish a powerful Goguryeo kingdom since King So Soo-rim was a prince. His youth was also the youth of King So Soo-rim. However, after King So Soo-rim ascended the throne, such a relationship began to change. King Soorim wanted to strengthen the royal power, and Du So wanted to guarantee more rights of aristocratic forces. This was a clash between the royal family and the aristocratic forces. In order to strengthen the royal authority, King Soorim was wary of Du So and brought General Gojin and Janghyup closer. Janghyup tried to avoid friction with Duso while following the orders of King Sosurim. He was trying to maintain a neutral stance. The confrontation between the royal family and Du So seemed to result in the victory of King So Soo-rim. However, the situation reversed when King So Soo-rim became ill. Duso began to regain power using strong military power, and eventually took the position of state minister. When he became a national figure, Duso tried to firmly instill his power. It was impossible to know when he would be hit back by the royal family and fall if he did not plant his own power. The dream of his youth, when he vowed to build Goguryeo as a powerful giant kingdom with King Sosurim, was a long-ago dream. Du So did everything he could to take control of the court. Thus, his soldiers did not reach the point of completely overpowering the royal family, but they reached the level of the royal family. The backbone of power was also largely dominated by the Duso faction. The late King Gukyang, who succeeded King So Soo-rim, also failed to treat Du-so carelessly. In fact, Du So dominated and led the Goguryeo Kingdom. There was no one to be afraid of for these two. But now Duso has something to worry about. It was because of young generals who followed Prince Damdeok. Prince Damdeok was bold even at a young age. The spirit and spirit of the young generals were frightening. If they held hands together, it could be a threat. Such a situation had to be prevented in advance. Duso continued to agonize and finally found the solution. It was a plan to first use hands to join the young general. No matter how bold and smart the prince may be, he cannot do anything alone without young generals. Moreover, he is still only a child. If you eliminate the forces that can be with him in advance, you will struggle alone and give in.' Du So smiled brightly and pointed at Busabi as the first target of a young man who would attract him to his side. Busabi was a disciple of General Seokpae, who was his close friend when he was young. Even if General Seok-pae left him, Busabi would not be able to turn a blind eye to his once-close friend. It bothered me to come up to the national road with Damdeok, but it was still difficult to say that he had taken full root in domesticity. I had to use my hands quickly. If Busabi was on his side, he would have won a thousand troops. Busabi was recognized as a young man's hero and was working in a military unit of the Succupy Army. Du So gave the Dongyeondan a mission to attract him somehow, as he would spare all support. Dongyeondan noticed the hidden meaning of saying how Busabi's work was handled from Du So's expressionless appearance. However, when I tried to talk, I could see what Du So was thinking. Although he met Busabi, he was rejected in a good way. The association judged that it was impossible from the time Dooso tried to recruit Busabi. Even if his master was once close friends with Dooso, he ended up breaking up and leaving. It was Busabi who trained martial arts under such a master. Moreover, he, who lost his family to Khitan and went on an expedition to Huayeon, could not approve of Du So's peaceful foreign policy. Even if they don't know, it's fortunate that they don't resent Dooso. However, he had no choice but to try because it was Dooso's mission. The results were also predictable. The party hesitated to speak. Duso caught it sensitively and pretended not to know. "Vousavi is a completely inflexible man. It was stuck." "It could be because you're young." It was Du So's reply that there was no excuse. "No, I even said that I had high expectations for the state, citing my close friendship with General Seok-pae, but the answer was..." "... "I said that the country's affairs are more important than private things." "The country's affairs are more important?" "I've had a lot of dissatisfaction with the state, not to mention the peaceful foreign policy of the latter." "...." "I'm sure they'll oppose it later in connection with Prince Damdeok." "What's the sign?" "The movement of young people is extraordinary these days. "There seems to be something going on." "The youth movement is unusual?" "There's a lot of talk going on in the youth these days." "The hunting contest?" "But it's a youthful spirit, a hunting contest, but the reality is... there's no connection between the two." He knew the party was provoking anger at young generals to escape responsibility. But I hated young men more than his tricks. I couldn't allow myself to dare challenge him. Du So spoke in a clear tone. "I'll leave this to you, so make sure you're clean." The answer was that if you're not on your side, if you're not on your side, you can't let it be, so you have to get rid of young generals, including Busabi. "Don't worry," Du So expressed his confidence in Dongyeondan's words with soft eyes. Dongyeondan recognized his intention to overpower the forces that will later challenge. The troupe left the office of Du So with a smile of satisfaction. With Du So's trust, his future seemed to be solid. It was not difficult to grasp the movements of young people and trap them. The east wing's head towards his place went more and more briskly. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo

■ Alexander Gwanggaeto the Great of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (5)

 a distance of about five li from the northeast of the palace One building that overwhelms several buildings stands overwhelmingly high. The wall and magnificent iron gate, which are surrounded like a huge wall, made me guess that it was the place where a powerful person lives. It was the residence of Du So. Although Dooso was a state funeral, he was also in charge of military and administrative power of the Goguryeo Kingdom by concurrently serving as a military commander. When Dongyeondan reached the front of Du So's house, the guard already recognized it and opened the door. It was not that he went to and from the national funeral once or twice. And yet it was still not free. I've always been intimidated and choked by overbearing buildings. At the same time, I was overwhelmed by the feeling of enjoying authority by entering the house of Dooso, where no one could easily enter and exit, as the heart of a deceitful person. The magnificent building was like the embodiment of power that never collapsed. No one in the national fortress could build such a building except for the royal palace. In the face of royal power, no one dared to have a private officer or soldier. However, the exception was Du So Kuksang. Dongyeondan was proud of its position as Dooso's bookkeeper. It was because of the clever circumstances that the Dongyeondan became noticeable to Du So. In 378, when the Khitan invaded Goguryeo, he was an officer in the western border town of Lee Chun-seong. At that time, he advised Yo Guk-ki, the lord of Yi Chun-seong, to prepare for the invasion of the Khitan people. "Guran's movements are extraordinary. We'll have to strengthen the defense of the border." "Oh, you don't know! How does a peaceful foreign policy invade the west when it's close to the west?" "According to the information we've got so far..." "Again! Enough is enough." Sung-joo of Yoguk-ki did not listen to him. Seongju, Yo-guk-gi, was only thinking of returning to the national capital as soon as possible. However, the lord of Yogukgi suddenly imposed various taxes on the people, saying that they should prepare for the invasion of Georan. Then I called him. "Now, take it." "What is this?" "Oh! You don't have to know..." Dongyeondan was given by the lord of Yo-guk-gi, so I took it. But that's exactly what got him wrong. Seongju, Yo-guk-gi, needed more bribes as it approached the national road. Therefore, various taxes were imposed and collected using Dongyeondan's argument to prepare for the invasion of Georan. And some of it was given to the Dongyeondan. Dongyeondan was aware of this fact and tried to return it at first, but changed its mind when Seongju, Yo-gukgi, kept giving rice cakes and old water. However, the wealth that came in was quite abundant. Dongyeondan became acquiescent to the corruption of the lord of Yogukgi, and eventually fell into his temptation and joined together. 'I'm going up to the national highway soon.' 'Is that true?' 'I've already been assured. Why don't you come with me? What's the point of staying here?" Dongyeondan envied Seongju, the Yo-gukgi, who was promoted to the national road. 'If I go up, I'll ask you to do it.' 'If you will... I will never forget this kindness." Dongyeondan eventually shared its fate with Yo-guk-gi. It seemed a hundred times better to live comfortably on the national road than to rot in the northwestern frontier. If a war broke out, it would have been a day. It was best to leave the western border quickly. Dongyeondan dreamed of riding on the national road as a bonus along Seongju, Yogukgi. The rest were confident as long as they were on the national road. But the dream collapsed in vain. As I was worried, the Guran invaded. When the war broke out, Seongju, the Yo-gukgi, ran away to survive without even thinking of fighting. The eight villages of the western frontier quickly became a shambles due to the looting and murder of the Khitan people. The people, who could not withstand the massacre of Georan, rose up here and there, and with the arrival of the central reinforcements one after another, they joined forces to drive out the Georan army. At this time, Busabi's brilliant performance made him called a boy general. On the other hand, the runaway Seongju of Yo Guk-gi was arrested and transported to the national road. Dongyeondan was also in the same situation as Seongju of Yogukgi. Seongju, Yo Guk-gi, leaned on the national statue of Du So and struggled to save him. However, no matter how much it was, I could not condone the fact that the person in charge of the castle abandoned the people and fled to live alone during the war. On the contrary, Dooso took bribes from Yo-guk; he tried to do it in a way that would keep him silent forever for fear of being caught. Thinking that he was dead now, Dongyeondan was so upset. I wanted to live somehow. There was only one way. It is to put all responsibility on the lord of Yo-guk-gi. The association complained of unfairness when State Minister Du So reprimanded. "I'm unfair." "So what's unfair?" "I've only once or twice asked the lord of Yo-guk-gi to prepare for the invasion of Georan. But the lord didn't listen to me... I'm upset." People misunderstood and sympathized with the Dongyeondan because the lord of Yo-guk-gi used his argument to raise more money. "Um..." Duso expressed his understanding. Seeing this, Dongyeondan saw a chance of winning and talked again. "I feel really wronged. If only the lord had listened to me..." "Yeah..." Duso nodded his head in a hearty manner. Dongyeondan was gaining fame as a copycat, and Du So needed this kind of person. However, saving this person could have been a good opportunity to show kindness and tolerance. "If you will save me, I will give my whole body to be loyal." Dongyeondan survived thanks to his oath of loyalty to Duso. Of course, the lord of Yo-guk-gi was executed, accused of not even listening to the words of his loyalists. The troupe had to stick to Du So's orders in exchange for its survival. Du So was never easy. He who betrayed once knew the physiology of betraying again. So Du So never easily attracted Dongyeondan. The troupe struggled to win Du So's confidence. So he decided to solve the problem of Du So's son Du Chil. Duchil was a lustful man, and he only believed in his father's power and made trouble by teasing women who were not women of women's houses. But Dusso said, 'This is a once-in-a-time thing. I'll quit when I get older.' But Du-chil's rant continued. Du So was troubled by such a son. It was understandable that the person who was supposed to succeed him in the future was losing his mind. The party visited Duso and asked him. "I don't know if I'm being presumptuous..." "Tell me what's going on!" "It's about Confucius Duchil..." "I don't know what else he's done, but don't even talk about him in front of me." Duchil shouted angrily. Du So has already calmed Du Chil and yelled at him. But it was all in vain. On the contrary, the admonition was irritating and disapproving. He was in control of both military and administrative power, but he did not know what was wrong with him. If you rebel, you can catch anyone. The party did not back down. "I don't think that's the only way to look at it." "... "To me, humble, it's better to put the heavy responsibility first..." "The heavy responsibility?"" "The position of head of the national defense unit..." Dusso pondered. "Giving you a seat first?" Even if you're a jerk, your son is the only one who can succeed you. Something to do someday!' After much consideration, Du So accepted the opinion of the group and appointed Du Chil as head of the national defense unit. Above all, the control of military power was important. But what was really strange was that Du-chil began to change from that day. The kid who was so colourful didn't get in trouble. Dooso became more trusting of the Dongyeondan when Duchil devoted himself to the position of head of the domestic defense unit. Thus, when there was a problem, he asked Dongyeondan, and in this process, he eventually rose to the position of a bookkeeper. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo

16th Century European Battle of the Sea

 Special soldiers armed with swords and circular shields were favored by many armies from the 15th to 17th centuries. Shield swordsmen were commonly referred to as Spadacino or Espadacin, or "soldiers with shields" (Roturalo, Rodello, Londelier, Targetier, etc.).  Bernal Díaz del Castillo, a shield inspector for the Cortes army, uses both expressions in his book, The Conquest of the New Espanya, which interestingly describes the war against Astec.  From the 16th to the early 17th centuries, the troops aboard the oars-laden combat galley and Galeas, and the battlefield sailing ships, Karak and Galeon, are divided into two styles. The first types of troops are soldiers, including armor-clad shields called "corset men" and halberd soldiers. These troops served as sailors supporting close combat at the time. The second type of force is, of course, a necessary element in any type of ship, fire rifles. Even in battles on the ground, fire rifles and muskets are sometimes in a back-and-forth situation, but they can still be protected by hiding behind the pike's long-walled walls. But fire rifles fighting on decks can't get that benefit -- there's no Pike line to protect them to protect themselves. (However, at the same time, there is no threat from the enemy cavalry.) Because of these conditions, there were two choices for fire rifles fighting in the naval battle. - It was either wielding a firearm like a club (in a very emergency situation, not in a normal case), or putting the gun down on one side and pulling out a sword. In the 16th century, most fire rifles carried swords and many daggers. Although fire rifles were not treated as specialists in close combat, they often had to use swords in large-scale battles (especially around the 16th century)I was learning the basic fencing skills. Heavy (but removable) on the current portion of the galleys belonging to the Holy Alliance during the Battle of LepantoWood bulletproof walls were up. The bulletproof walls protected the old man and the firearm from small firearm attacks.    The Spanish were the bravest and most experienced combatants in the close-knit warships. Both the Spanish galley and sailing ships were built to match the tactics of the close-knit army.  In contrast, the Portuguese had been the leader in long-range shelling using deep-sea vessels (Carabel and Karak) since about 1500. The Portuguese maintained this tradition until it was annexed by Spain in 1580. The British preferred the Battle of the Ships until William Towerson's fleet was defeated by the Portuguese fleet in 1550. Shocked by long-range cannons on the Portuguese front, the British continue their research to increase the destructive power of their own cannons. At the end of the 16th century, the reasonable successor to Portuguese Carabel, armed with heavy artillery, was the British-held Reis Bild Galleon. In the Battle of the Galician in the Mediterranean Sea, as mentioned above, the Espanyas preferred a close fight, so they had heavily armed forces on board the ship. (Soldados) The Venetians, suffering from chronic shortages of troops, preferred long-range artillery instead of back-and-forth combat, and fired accurately at the central part of their galley to neutralize or sink enemy ships. Venetian gunnery was much more advanced than the Turks and Espanyas, and the enemy and allies used to fire shells at unimaginable distances.    It is part of a famous painting depicting the Battle of Lepanto. It shows the Galician Capitana of Sebastiano Beniero, president of the Council and commander of the Venetian military alliance. The person with the white beard standing on the far right side of the painting is Beniero. Several roturalis standing behind the gunmen prepare to jump into the Ottoman galley while the gunmen fire (the soldier shown on the left has already crossed the bow)The soldier, presumably an officer, is waving a flag bearing the lion of Saint Mark. Some Venetian soldiers only draw swordsHe is seen storming the enemy ship. These are probably gunners who put down their guns, brandish their swords, and attempt a close match. It is also interesting to note that most of the gunmen wore sheet metal chest armor. - It seems clear that he is heavily armed in preparation for maritime battles that are likely to take place. Spanish fire fighters, who fought in Mexico and the Philippines, also wore various kinds of armor such as chain armor and Brigandine because they were often in a back-and-forth situation.    Don Juan's flagship, Realle, is said to have carried 300 gunmen and 100 "noble adventurers."  P.S - Captain Andre Pesoa and his crew, who killed the Japanese soldiers who stormed the Portuguese merchant ship Senhora de Grasa from Nagasaki, Japan in 1610, are likely armed with cut-and-thrust sods and shields.   Battle of the Tokugawa Shogunate and Portuguese Merchant Marine