My favorite Nobel Peace Prize winner is

 Among the Nobel Peace Prize winners, I like Mother Teresa the best. She contributed to the social, economic and cultural development of Africa through the 2004 Wangari Maathai (Kenya) Greenbelt Movement. Kofi Annan, Ghana's Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2000 Kim Dae Jung, South Korea, helped clean up mutual distrust and hostility during the Cold War on the Korean PeninsulaInternational Campaign to Ban Landmines (LCBL) for the purpose of prohibiting the production, use, stockpiling, and transport of anti-personnel mines and contributing to the settlement of the 1996 Carlos Felipe Ximen Belo, East Timor, East Timor, East Timor, 1995Yitzhak Rabin, Israel's Declaration of Palestinian Principles of Self-Governing Palestine 1993 Frederick Willem de Klerk, South Africa's apartheid policy Nelson Roderbergho 1992 and South Africa's Racial Discrimination, contributes to the Oslo Accord The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenjin Gyatso), the first Russian president of the United Nations Peace-Keeking Association of Myanmar (Soviet Union), dispatched to the International Peacekeeping Forces of the United Nations (Oscars) for peacekeeping operationsl, The International Physicians For The Prevention Of Nuclear War 1985 (IPPNW) for its efforts to eliminate racism and promote human rights, an international organization established to exercise professional influence by medical professionals, 1984 Desmond M. Tutu, Sweden, 1982Alfonso G. contributes to promulgating the Declaration of Abandonment. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees For Refugees (UNHCR), established the 1980 Adolfo P. Eskiebel (Adolfo Pervez) Missionary Service for Human Rights at the Peace and Peace of Argentina, 1978Mohamed Anwar el Sadat, Egypt, visits Israel and strives for Middle East peace 1977 Amnesty International's efforts to rescue political prisoners punished and oppressed by state power in the 1976 Mairead Corrigan Margui, Northern Ireland , Soviet Commission on Human Rights 1974 Eisaku Sato, Japan, signed the return agreement to Okinawa, recognizing efforts to promote human rights in Ireland, 1973 Henry A. Kissinger, United States, signed a peace agreement with North Vietnam, and signed a special agreement1969 International Labor Organization (I.L.O.) Technical Support for Social Policy, Administrative and Human Resources Training and Utilization, Labor Statistics Collection, Employment and Labor Relations 1968 René Cassin (France) World Human Rights 1966 No winners 1965 United Nations Children's Fund, Uniting, 1964 The International Committee of the Red Cross led a campaign against atomic bombs by Linus C. Pauling, an emergency committee of atomic scientists of the world's 150-nation Red Cross. 1961 Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjold, Sweden, credited with nonviolent resistance to the 1960 Albert J. Lutuli (South Africa) apartheid for his efforts to resolve the Hungarian turmoil and Middle East conflicts. 1959 Philip J. Noel-Baker (Belgium) contributed to the establishment of peace and disarmament policies by the League of Nations and the United Nations. 1958 Dominique Georges Pire (Belgium), a European refugee relief effort. 1957 Lester Bowles Pearson (Canada) Resolved the Suez Crisis with the dispatch of United Nations surveillance forces. Office Of The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Switzerland) 1954, for his efforts to protect refugees politically and legally, 1953, George C. George Catlett Marshall, 1952, Albert Schweitzer, Germany, France, French trade union leader, founder of the International Labor Organization 1950 Ralph Bunch, First Secretary-General of the American Colonial Trustees, the 1949 United StatesThe Quakers, The United Kingdom Service Commission, founded in 1917 by Quakers in the United States and Canada, held the 1946 Emily Greene Balch, a religious and volunteer organization founded by George Fox in 1647, to the International Women's FederationNo winners of the 1938 Nansen International Office for Refugees (Switzerland) 1937 No winners of the International Red Cross Organization for Life and War Victims Activities under the Geneva Convention No winners 1937 Edgar A. R. Edgar Algernon Robert Cecil, chief delegate to the Geneva Conference on Disarmament, 1935 Carl von Ossietzky, Germany, 1932, who presided over the 1936 Buenos Aires Conference in Buenos AiresNicholas Murray Butler, American educator, current affairs critic, politician Nathan Soderblom, Swedish Lutheran superintendent, comparative religious studies 1929 Frank B. Frank Billings Kellogg, American lawyer and politician, 1927 Ferdinand Buisson, French politician, who served as chairman of the German Federation for Peace and Charity, was a French politician who worked on education, peace and charity. Gustav Stresemann, German Chancellor, contributed to the conclusion of the Locarno Agreement. Sir Austin Chamberlain (UK) was a British politician who contributed to the conclusion of the Locarno Agreement. Charles Gates Dawes, chairman of the War Compensation Committee, contributed to stabilizing postwar Germany's finances. Norwegian arctic explorer, zoologist and politician Karl Hjalmar Branting, Swedish politician, Christian Lousange, French judge of social justice, Vicerro Wilson, 1920, who founded the Social Democratic PartyHenry La Fontaine, Belgium, Belgium, Belgium, Belgium, Belgium, Belgium, Belgium, and Belgian law and political pioneer of the Netherlands, as a member of the 1915 International Committee of the Red Cross, under the Geneva Convention, 1917A,Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist, German Peace Bureau, 1910, who served mainly as a bridge between government and non-governmental organizations for negotiations on the independence and peace movementSwedish politician and peace activist Fredrik Bajer of Denmark, who founded the Swedish Association for Peace and International Reconciliation, and Theodore Roosevelt, 1907th President of the United States, Italy Sir William Randall Cremer, British trade union leader, 1902 Eli Ducomong, Swiss federalist, Charles Dewcomong, Switzerland, 1902, founded the 1904 Institute of International Law, BelgiumFrench economist, politician, pacifist, and founder of the International Peace Federation.

Slaughter of Sand Creek

 The Cheyenne tribe, led by the first black kettle, mounted on Sand Creek according to the U.S. military's words.Major Wincoup took care of them (although it's absurd to protect them in the first place).However, senior commanders who hated Winkup's treatment replaced their commanders.New commander Entery confiscates weapons and reduces food rations.On 27 November 1864, the Upper Sivington and Anthony "plan to collect Indian head skins and turn the village into a bloodbath." Of course, there were officers against it, but the opposition was completely ignored. At 8 p.m. on November 28, the Sivington Expeditionary Force was divided into four divisions (more than 700 men).Farm owner as guide on a farm near Spring Bottom during the march.The owner of this farm was William Bent's eldest son, Robert Bent, and his two younger brothers were living with the Cheyenne. The attack on Cheyenne Village begins at dawn.According to Edmund Guerrier, who had been through that time, "A large battalion of U.S. troops was running toward our village along the stream.More soldiers were seen flocking to the barn with horses in the south.The village was in a state of chaos.Women and children screamed when they saw the U.S. troops coming in, and the men ran back into the tent to get their weapons...Looking toward the chief's tent, I could see a black kettle holding a large American flag at the end of a long tent and holding a pillar of a flag flying in the dusk of winter."-FYI, the American flag was given by the U.S. military, saying no soldier could fire at them. He showed no hostility by mobilizing the American and White flags, but was completely ignored.In the meantime, the left bone and white antelope, who tried to stop shooting with their bare hands, were shot.Left bone survived, but white antelope died.Before death, white antelope leaves a few words of song - nothing survives long. This land and mountains only Robert Bent describes this disastrous situation as follows. "There were five women crouching under the bank.As the U.S. soldiers approached, they showed up and begged for help to let them know they were women.But the U.S. military shot and killed all the women.-Extremely -Indiscriminate slaughter was taking place in front of everyone's eyes, regardless of men, women, and children.All the dead people I saw had their heads skinned, and one pregnant woman had a split stomach, which I thought was a fetus lying on her side.Captain Sol said the fetus is right behind him.The body of the white antelope was dismembered.I've heard a U.S. soldier say he's going to make a cigarette wrap with it." Before the massacre, Sivington openly advocated killing all Indians, children, and skinning their heads, as well as Lieutenant James Connor's description, "The next day I went there, everyone was skinned and terribly mutilated. To the best of my knowledge, I cannot think that this atrocity was committed without Sivington's knowledge.Here's a little cruel. Fortunately, a lot of Indians have fled, but this carnage is devastating.105 women and children, 28 men died.In contrast, nine people were killed and 38 wounded in the Sivington unit, but the casualties were caused by shooting at each other. Seven people, including Robert Bent's younger brother Charlie Bent, were taken prisoner, and Charlie Bent was lucky to be reunited with Robert to survive.The other brother, George Bent, fortunately fled to Smokey Hill. Afterwards, the three Bent brothers decided to turn their backs on the white people forever and joined the Cheyenne.Plan to avenge Cheyenne and the Suu Kyi alliance, but ultimately fail and hand Colorado over to the white man forever. Bury my heart at Wounded Knee

The secret of invincible mongooses is not weapons, but speed and mobility

 When I think about how a mongoose without a gun ruled the world invincibly, the secret of mongoose is speed and mobility, not because of its superior weapons. I think the main reason why the Mongols took over the world at the time was that the entire army was made up of cavalry, and the speed and mobility were unimaginable at the level of that time. At that time, the average daily marching speed was over 80 kilometers...The reconnaissance forces were hundreds of kilometers a day... ...and most of the troops in Mongolia's fighting country were infantry-oriented... ...no matter how hard the infantry marched with their gear, they were exhausted... ...and when they lost battle, they retreated and regrouped... ...but they didn't fight against the Mongols.Even if they lost the battle and tried to retreat, they were all wiped out because of the speed of the Mongols.If a man walks away, he'll be caught by a horse rider. Most of the time, even the horse-burning liaison soldiers who tried to break the news of defeat were tracked down by the mongoose disease and failed to even report defeat.So in most cases, in the rear, the king's messengers, who were going to give orders to frontline troops in the capital, left the capital and tried to deliver orders, and the troops who were going to deliver them were wiped out by the soldiers were already near the capital.From the perspective of people back then, the incredible mobility and speed of mongooses was beyond imagination. In the case of the Holocaust, which was destroyed by the Mongols, the King of Horizons had half a million troops, but he didn't have enough time to bring the troops together and fight the Mongols.The capital was already occupied by the Mongols as reinforcements from the provinces were trying to save the capital.I don't know if the capital is already ruined, and the reinforcements are coming up from the provinces and waiting for them to be individually destroyed by the Mongols... ...and if the infantry were defeated, they would retreat, get reinforcements, and fight again, but this was impossible in the face of a formidable mongogee.The scary thing about mongooses is that if you lose a battle, you can't retreat.

The Chinese Drift of Joseon's

 In 1488, more than 500 years ago, a Joseon scholar landed in Taeju, China, after drifting 13 days and 13 days at sea on his way to his hometown of Tamjin. After traveling to China for 136 days, he returned to Joseon and left his experiences in a book. The book is "Pyo Hae-rok (see photo) by Geum-nam teacher" written by Choi Bu (1454-1504), which has long been attracting attention by world scholars as a work comparable to Marco Polo's "Eastern Gyeonrok DongBang>>". For reference, Choi Bu's Pyo Hae-rok is considered one of the three major travel journals in Chinese history, along with Marco Polo's Eastern Book of View (1254-1324) and Ennin's 794-864). Pyo Hae-rok begins with Choi Bu, an official who catches the escaped criminal, urgently floating the ship after hearing that his father died. Everyone around him stopped him, saying that there would be a storm soon, but Choi Bu insisted on starting the ship, saying that he had to do his best as soon as possible. Eventually, the ship with Choi Bu's party met with a storm. Choi Bu's party finally reached land after 13 days of drifting against death, suffering from cold, thirst, and hunger that permeated to the bone in the raging waves. It was the part of Zhejiang Province in Gangnam, China, and the hardships that Choi Bu and his party suffered when they landed there were more terrible than when they drifted. It was a place that had been suffering from Japanese invasion for a long time, but Choi Bu's party was misunderstood as Japanese. Choi Bu was taken to Dozer Castle, where he was questioned in earnest. At that time, the Ming Dynasty of China gave a big prize to the person who caught the Japanese pirates, and if they found the Japanese pirates, they were asked to cut their throats on the spot and report them to the emperor. It was fortunate that Choi's party was able to be interrogated. The Ming official did not believe Choi's words no matter how much he explained, but Choi confidently and surely answered the questioning of the Ming official as if reading a history book about Joseon's Choi Bu was called back to the higher government office and repeatedly questioned, but his attitude was confident and there was no blockage in his answer. Based on his abundant knowledge of Joseon, Choi was able to clear himself of charges of Japanese pirates because he remained confident during the crisis, and Ming officials who questioned Choi admired Choi's extensive knowledge. Choi Bu was a famous scholar of the Sungjong Seongsa (the 9th king of the Joseon Dynasty, 1457-1494), who passed the state examination in the past and served as the chief official of Saganwon and Sahheonbu. Choi Bu's scholarship can also be guessed from the books Dongguk Tonggam and Dongguk Yeoji Seungram compiled by him. Dongguk Unification is a book in which Choi Bu interpreted history, and a total of 180 books are contained. Currently, the Dongguk Yeoji Seungram remains, but instead, the Sinjeungdongguk Yeoji Seungram, which was published in addition to the Dongguk Yeoji Seungram, remains. In the Sinjeungdonggukyeoji Seungram, 23 items, including Gunhyeon's history, geography, scenery, mountain stream, and figures, are explained in detail, proving that Choi Bu was a person with considerable knowledge. When China confirmed that Choi's party was not Japanese, it decided to send it back to Joseon via Beijing. Choi Bu, who started from Uduyang, went through 8,800 ri (8,800 ri) from Beijing to Cheongpa Station in Joseon, leaving a record of "Pyo Hae-rok" that could match Marco Polo's Eastern Book with his thorough record spirit and sharp observation. First of all, Pyo Hae-rok is richer than any other country's history of China, but more importantly, the details and accuracy of the record. The most representative record proving the historical value of Pyo Hae-rok is a record of the monument called "Misan Manikbi." The Misan Manikbi Monument is a monument that details the process of the creation and use of the Great Canal in China, and the contents of the monument are recorded in the record. The rain is now disappearing. Therefore, Choi Bu's Pyo Hae-rok remains an important data on the Gyeonghang Grand Canal, which is currently difficult to find even in China. Marco Polo's record of the Gyeonghang Grand Canal, written in the Book of the East, is too fragmentary compared to the Book of Pyo Hae-rok. In addition, each verse has a specific time, a clear place, and the characters who actually existed are recorded in the Pyo Hae-rok. Choi Bu was well received by Chinese people who wanted to know about Joseon while traveling more than 8,800 miles. The leaders of each region tried to meet Choi Bu, and it was such an honor to receive Choi Bu's poem. It is said that Choi Bu, who wore mourning clothes until he arrived in Beijing and received a prize from the Chinese emperor, was forced to change into a robes and enter the palace due to the coercion of a Chinese official. However, Choi Bu's behavior, which continued to wear mourning clothes until the moment he entered the palace, widely shows the Joseon's "spirit of scholar" of keeping his principles under any circumstances. The spirit of scholars in the Joseon Dynasty refers to the spirit of struggle against fate, the spirit of patriotism that protects the interests and dignity of the country anywhere, and the spirit of criticism that does not yield to other people's power and power. After drifting, Choi Bu showed the proud appearance of a Joseon scholar to the Chinese people while traveling to China for a total of 136 days. Choi Bu, who finally returned to Joseon, made 50,000 characters of Pyo Hae-rok and posted it in eight days under the order of King Seongjong. After that, Choi Bu was promoted unprecedentedly with the confidence of King Seongjong, but during the reign of Yeonsangun (1476-1506th King of Joseon), he was demoted while criticizing the king's wrongdoing, and was exiled when Muosaghwa took place. And six years later, he was sentenced to death during the Gapjasahwa. The youngest was 51 years old at the time. Choi Bu, a great scholar of the time and a scholar of clean mind, was an unhappy intellectual who met the wrong era. However, Pyo Hae-rok, left by Choi Bu, conveys us his great character, Joseon's scholar spirit, and even pride in his proud ancestors. --------------------------------------------- A few days after drifting at sea, the ship on board was almost a wreck, and knowing that death was imminent, Choi put his hands together with his superior, mourning, praying to heaven and appealing to Heaven.…While serving under the name of the military, I met my father's statue and am in the process of bonsang. There is no way to know what kind of crime is being punished like this, but I would take it as much as I want if it were the destruction of God, but about 40 people who accompanied me were drowned without any sin. The heavens have mercy on this and let the wind and the waves sleep. Then bring back God to bury his dead father and to support his elderly mother." When the prayer of tears was over, everyone wept and prayed for heaven and help. Choi Bu's party landed on the coast with a narrow escape, but met a pirate ship and drifted back to the sea. Six ships were anchored off the coast when they tried to climb again. When you see this, you ask and answer with your subordinates (Pyo Hae-rok, vol. 1, Jan. 16). "Last time, I didn't show the superiority of a government official, I almost died, but today you show the superiority with generosity." "Why are you leading the wrong way?" "How is death just around the corner. I don't think it's a way to hurt righteousness even if you find a way to live on the spur of the moment and be polite and hurt yourself." Taking off mourning clothes is not a filial piety because it is a path. Also, it's not true to deceive others. I'd rather die than act like I'm not filial and not true. I'll behave properly and then I'll comply with what comes next." Choi Bu was severely criticized by Chinese officials for being dragged around and exhausted. He managed to escape from the suspicion of Japanese pirates and embark on a long way to return to Korea, and seeing the body and shabby clothes of the youngest, a Chinese official comforts and encourages him to take care of himself.(Pyo Hae-rok, 2nd volume, February 9th) "My body is in a terrible state of pain." "My skin has not recovered because I've been pricked by salty sea water, and my feet have been damaged because I walked on a rough road barefoot. I said that I was a filial son because I hurt him like this." "I'm so sorry that I didn't have to do that's what happened

Our history engraved in the sky - total solar eclipse -

 The solar eclipse site of the "Three Kingdoms" was not on the Korean Peninsula, but how can a country find the best observation site from this record when it leaves a series of solar eclipse records? When an eclipse occurs, there is a moon shadow on the earth. In some places, you can see a total solar eclipse in which the sun is completely hidden by the moon. In the surrounding area, a partial solar eclipse occurs in which half a shadow of the moon is cast, and only a part of the sun is covered by the moon. If the moon deviates further from the sea, only a partial solar eclipse occurs. In either case, an eclipse can only be seen in any particular area on Earth. Talking about Northeast Asia, some solar eclipses can be seen on the Korean Peninsula and in the west, but not in the east, and some solar eclipses can be seen on the Korean Peninsula and in the north, but not in the south. Suppose a country consistently observed solar eclipses on the Korean Peninsula. Where can you best see all the solar eclipses recorded by the country? It is the Korean Peninsula. This is because among the solar eclipses recorded by the country, there are solar eclipses that cannot be seen or seen in neighboring countries. The optimal solar eclipse observation site is found using the properties of these eclipses. Then, where did the three countries actually observe the solar eclipse? If we can know this, we will be able to determine whether the three kingdoms really made their own astronomical observations and where they made their observations. First, in order to confirm the reliability of my method of estimating solar eclipse sites, I tracked the optimal observations for solar eclipse records left by Goryeo, Korea, Tang, and Yang countries and compared them with the powerhouses of each country. It could be seen that the results were actually consistent with the historically already confirmed stronghold This time, we looked for the best solar eclipse observation sites in the three countries. The location on Earth where all of the Japanese dishes contained in Three Kingdoms<Baekje Bongi> can be observed best is the Balhae Bay basin. In addition, the location where you can see the solar eclipse of Goguryeo, which usually appears in the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D., was the area of northern latitude than Baekje, from Manchuria and Mongolia. Silla's eclipse records have been divided before 201 A.D. and since 787. Among them, the optimal observation site for Japanese food in Sangdae Silla before A.D. 201 was found to be the quantum river basin. The southern part of the Korean Peninsula was found to be the best observation site in Hadae Silla, which comes out after 787 A.D. In other words, in the Samguksagi, solar eclipses passing south in the early Silla period are mainly recorded, and solar eclipses passing north in Goguryeo and in Baekje, solar eclipses passing between them are recorded. This is a very unusual result. If China's records were copied, it would make sense if the best solar eclipse observations recorded by Chinese countries at the time and the best solar eclipse observations recorded by the three countries came out in the same location on average. However, as a result of analyzing the records of solar eclipses, the observation sites of the three countries are separated by very different latitude from country to country. What are the chances of such a result if the "Three Kingdoms Fraud" indiscriminately copied China's records? After Kim Bu-sik, the editor of Samguk Sagi, selected Chinese Japanese food records through high-level astronomical calculations, the Japanese food passing through the northern latitude was divided into "Koguryo Bongi", "Silla Bongi", and the one in between was inserted into "Baekje Bongi". This is because this level of calculation requires sophisticated astronomical knowledge and extensive numerical calculations using state-of-the-art computers. Therefore, it can be concluded that the solar eclipse records of <Silla Bongi>, <Gogury Bongi> and <Baekje Bongi> were independently observed in different regions. This can be proved by stochastic calculations. If you use a computer to randomly select Japanese food records from Chinese librarians and run thousands of simulations in <Silla Bongi>, <Goguryo Bongi>, and <Baekje Bongi>, you can see that there is virtually zero possibility of such a latitudes difference in the best observation sites of the three countries. The eclipse record of the Three Kingdoms is not an imitation of Chinese records, but a record that was measured at different locations. Meanwhile, even though Silla and Baekje observed solar eclipses on the Korean Peninsula, the probability that all the hardness of the optimal observation site "accidentally" will come out to the Chinese continent is virtually zero. (see previous published paper). Their solar eclipse records were measured not from the eastern part of China by chance, but from there. In short, looking at the solar eclipse observation sites of the Three Kingdoms, it can be seen that the existing conclusion that the solar eclipse record of the Three Kingdoms was copied from the Chinese side was a wrong judgment.

Koguryo-Hunno

 The relationship between Goguryeo and the Huns, China's "outside" country, the Chinese of the Hunan Empire, called all the so-called non-Chinese people orangkai. In particular, the people related to the Korean people were called Dongi. Dong means "eastern orangkai," and the ancient Chinese called all their eastern peoples "Dong" based on the so-called Chinese ideology that China is located in the center of the world. If so, it is an important problem to understand how the Chinese differ from the Dongyi, which China called a non-Chinese people. Through relics and feed found in the movement path of the Huns (휴))), I raised the 375th year of the Korean Peninsula and the Gershindong attack on the Korean Peninsula through the "Study on the Relationship between the Huns and the Korean People" (Baeksan Hak-bo No. 66) and the "Han People" (November 2003 issue). One class of Huns, who constantly competed with China, grew into a Hun people by seocheon, and another class built Gaya and Silla by eastward to the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. China recognized that the Huns, at least the northern mounted people, were not Chinese and regarded them as hostile forces to China. However, if Gaya and Silla were close to the Huns, a member of the Huns, one cannot help but wonder how Goguryeo, which was closer to the Huns than Gaya and Silla, would have been related to the Huns. Until the appearance of Huns in Chinese history, the Northeast region, where Dongi people mainly lived, was an area where the origin of the Korean people settled and was the base of Buyeo and Goguryeo. Therefore, clarifying the link between Hun and Goguryeo can be a way to fundamentally cope with China's distortion of Goguryeo history. First, however, it should be kept in mind that Hun-Roh is the name of the empire that built the first nomadic state in northern China, and is by no means a single people or tribes. The Huns are believed to be a mixture of Mongol-Turkish people, and they became more and more powerful around 600 B.C. with the acceptance of ironware through the Silk Road. It was not until the 4th century BC that a comprehensive group of mounted peoples was formed, covering various nomadic tribes. However, most Koreans reject the name 'scorched-out'. This is because it is known that "ghost" means orangkae, and "no" means "jong" or "slavery," which is a beer language in Chinese characters, and was called "ghost" with the intention of despising them. There is even an argument that the character chest should be removed from Hun's anger and the character bhi should be read from Seonbi's. However, the word "hung" is a phonetic word derived from "Hun or Qun", and "Hun" means "person" in Tungus. Also, even if you think about it in common sense, if Hun meant "slave-like orang," the Hun Empire could not have tolerated this name. In particular, Han, who succeeded Jin Dynasty, could not have been called "Honno" to disparage the opponent from the standpoint of paying tribute to Hun. A more convincing interpretation of Huns can be inferred from the fact that there were many groups marked "Na" or "Guk" in the early days of Goguryeo. "Na" is a synonym for "Yang" in Noh, and means land or waterfront land. Like the Huns, the five major tribes of Goguryeo, the Jeolnobu Sunnobu Gwannobu, Sonobu, also contain Noh characters. These are indigenous forces located near the midstream area of the Yalu River before the establishment of Goguryeo, and are believed to have conquered and fused to Goguryeo. In addition, if you look at the meanings of "No" or "No" in the lines of the drama "Gongjakdam" by Wondae, it means "Nang" or "Nangja: You, He, Nanggun," which refers to your husband. In other words, the letter "no" was used as a title for people. If so, wouldn't it be okay to abandon the prejudice that the tone and image of the Huns are not good now? In order to explain in detail the Huns of Huns, which were paid tribute from Han, Qin Shi Huang had to come down to around the 3rd century B.C., when China was unified. This is because the history of the full-fledged confrontation between China and the Huns begins with the record that Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall to prevent Huns after unifying China in 221 BC. However, Qin Shi Huang died in 210 B.C., more than 10 years after reunification. His successor, Ho-hae, was crowned, but soon lost to Hang-woo and the Qin Dynasty was destroyed. As a result of the fight between Hang-woo and Yu-bang over the world, Yu-bang wins and establishes a unified Chinese Han. At that time, Hunan in the north was the only power that could keep China in check. Until the fall of the Han Dynasty, they lived sometimes close to the northern Huns, sometimes growling like enemies. Hunno established its headquarters in Sangwon (north of Sanso, present-day Unjung) in central Mongolia, where Sunwoo (the Turkish-Mongolese word for "son of heaven", or King of Hunno) ruled directly and divided into port and starboard kings. The Sangwon area is a vast and fertile meadow area and a key point of east, west, north, and south transportation. Hunno, Genghis Khan, Dolgung, and Uighur all set up their main barracks in the area. It was not until the 5th year of his reign in 202 B.C. that he was called an emperor, and he sealed Nogwan as King Yeon. However, in 201 B.C., a labor officer surrendered to Hun. In anticipation of the great trouble for the newly born Han Dynasty, Breast mobilized 400,000 troops to attack Muk Teukseon-woo ( 20單于,, 209-174 BC), the founder of Hun. However, in 200 B.C., Yu was surrounded for a week at Baekdeungsan Mountain and managed to be rescued, and after suffering all kinds of humiliation, he formed a friendship with Hun. At that time, the main points of the reconciliation between Hun and Han are as follows. According to him, Han was almost a descendant of Hun. First, Princess Han was required to marry Huns (this practice continued until 179-157 BC). Second, Han pays a certain amount of tribute every year, including liquor, silk, and grains. Third, Han and Hun signed a brotherhood agreement and have equal status. Fourth, the two countries do not invade each other's territory on the border of the Great Wall. The agreement came into effect in the fall of 198 BC when the princess of the Chinese zongsil arrived in Hunan. It should be noted that whenever there was a change in the throne in the two courts, the alliance was renewed with a new marriage. In addition, the amount of tribute paid by China to Huns changed frequently depending on the dynamics between Han and Huns, and generally, the amount of tribute to Han increased every year. It is undeniable that Han was a subject country of Huns, given that there are records that Han raised the amount of tribute to Huns at least nine times from 192 to 135 BC. Muk Teukseonwoo, who turned Han into a descendant of Huns, opened the heyday of Huns and is very closely related to the Korean people. The Chinese word for Dongho (East Orangae) at that time. In addition to Gojoseon, there was a view that there were various countries such as Buyeo, Yemaek, Jinbeon, Imdun, and Jinguk) was very strong, and Dongho despised Hun and demanded the silent Cheonrima and Yeonji (the title of Hunno's concubine). When his subordinates rebuked Dong-ho for his rudeness and asked him to reject their request, Muk-ik simply followed Dong-ho's opinion, saying, "How can I save a horse and a woman between neighboring countries?" At that time, there were about 1,000 wasteland spread between the two countries, and Dongho said he would take it. The officials said it was okay to give it to them because it was abandoned, but Muk Teuk attacked Dongho, saying, "Land is the foundation of the country," killing the king, and capturing the people and livestock. In place of the defeated Dong-ho, Hun emerged as the loser of the nomadic horse race, and Muk-teuk subjugated almost all the peoples in the Asian prairie by conducting extensive conquest activities during his reign. His territory reached the northern part of the Korean Peninsula to the east (which means Yemaek Joseon, Samacheon wrote Dongho as Yemaek Joseon), Baikal Lake to the north and the Irtish River to the north, the Aral Sea to the south, and the Wisu and Tibetan Plateau in China. The Han people's escape from the so-called "scorpophobia" began in 141 B.C. when Muje Han ascended the throne. He abandoned the humiliating anti-humanitarian conciliatory policy that lasted for 60 years after Gozo's breast and took a hard-line response. Muje led the cavalry to attack the Huns six times during the 10 years from 129 BC to 119 BC. The 10-year war between Korea and the Huns also caused huge losses, but the damage to the Huns was even greater. After Muje's death, the Han Dynasty and Hunan lived in peace for about 300 years. After that, both countries are on the path of dissolution. First of all, the Huns were divided into east and west in 57 B.C., and the Huns were divided into north and south again. Since then, the Huns have disappeared from China's history as the North Huns suffered a decisive defeat in the battle against the Han people in 350 years. It is presumed that the Korean history of Goguryeo, which took the side of Hun, came from Buyeo, which is recognized as a country of the Yemaek tribe that existed in the Bukmanju area, and from Dongbuyeo came the Jumong Group (Gyerubu, 婁部)), which became the ruling class of Goguryeo. Records of the origins and process of establishment of Goguryeo vary slightly from literature to literature, but the contents of the founding of Jumong (Southern and Settlement) are very small (in memory of "Queen Gwanggaeto"). However, what is unusual is that there is no record of the two countries engaging in war even though the borders of Yemaek (Gwon), which belongs to Hunno and Dongi, are in contact with each other. It can be assumed that Huns started looting immediately if there was a problem with the climate or food supply while living nomadic life, but it is somewhat strange that there was no conflict between neighboring tribes. However, if Buyeo belonged to the territory of the Huns after the Huns defeated the Dongho, it is rather natural that there was no war between them. Data that can prove this situation were also found. In Sangseo Daeseo, written by Bokseng of the Jin Dynasty, there is a record that "all these tribes in Haedong are the tribe of Buyeo." Like Buyeo and Huns, there is an event that can be inferred that the relationship between Goguryeo and Huns was also special.

When Wangmang asked Goguryeo for troops to conquer Hunan after defeating the former Han Dynasty of China and establishing Sin (New, 8-23), Goguryeo, instead of responding, attacked Shin beyond Yoha, and continuously violated Wangmang's territory. Wangmang is a descendant of King Hudo, a family of Huns, who destroyed China and established a new religion, so it is presumed that Huns also thought that they should come under their own power. The Huns were divided into East and West Huns, but here they can be seen as East Huns. Wangmang ordered So Su-maek, another faction of the Huns and a variant of Goguryeo, to attack Dong-mang when Dong-mang refused to take control of him, which did not attack Dong-mang, but rather Wang-mang. Meanwhile, it is also written in the tomb inscription of King Munmu that Kim Al-ji, the founder of Silla Kim, is a descendant of King Heudo of Hunno. It says that Kim Al-ji is proud to be a descendant of the Huns, and for this, please refer to "Study on the Relationship between Goguryeo and Huns" (Baeksan Hak-bo No. 67). Seonbi, a scholar who used to farm, hunt, and cultivate grain in the Nammanju and Siramuren basins, is an important people in Goguryeo history of Goguryeo. Seonbi is a northern mounted people who were separated into Seonbi and Ohhwan after Dongho was defeated by Hunno and then unified North China to build the first dynasty. The dynasties built by scholars are fore-yeon, posterior-yeon, male-yeon, nam-ryang, north-wi, east-wi, west-wi, north-je, and north-ju, and considering that the culture of scholars existed until the time, the influence of scholars on Chinese history is great. In China, the era when the northern horse-riding people lived and dominated the midfield is called the era of No. 5 and Sixteen Kingdoms. This scholar has a special flexible relationship with Goguryeo. A special relationship between a scholar and Goguryeo has been discovered several times in history. First of all, in the 11th year of King Yuri of Goguryeo (9 BC), Goguryeo defeated scholars and made them a subordinate country. In addition, the generous Gwangmuje system forced Yiodong, Taesu, and Chaedong to break away from Goguryeo by making some of the Seonbi people controlled by Goguryeo as Buyong power (48). In the second year of King Bon's reign (49), Goguryeo actively attacked the northern defense line in northern China's Sanso Line in accordance with the anti-fatal policy and attacked the northern areas of Bukpyeong, Eoyang, Sanggok, and Taewon. Confused by this, Hu Han provides Goguryeo with considerable material benefits in return for withdrawal, while at the same time instigating some of the Seonbi people to flee from Goguryeo. King Taejo of Goguryeo took a military countermeasure called "Chukyoseosipseong Fortress" in the 3rd year of King Dong (55) to prevent further secession of the Seonbi, and in the 69th year of King Dong, he joined the Seonbi forces and attacked the fluctuating bases of the Han Empire. Seonbi means the small country itself, but at the same time, it also represents the situation of subjugation to the large country. The Roman Empire adopted the Buyongmin system, in which liberation slaves served the free people, their former owners, as patrons, as the imperial welfare governance method, and the relationship between Goguryeo and scholars is also a protection-subordination relationship. The ruling group of Goguryeo recognized war as an independent way of survival and focused on enhancing its military capabilities to become a warrior state. Based on strong military power, the government maintained a policy of political and social centralization through internal integration while carrying out military expansion policies for neighboring forces. Through this internal and external readjustment, Goguryeo established an empire that escaped from the "preemptive military state" and secured its own right to survive in Northeast Asia. The reason why Goguryeo was able to mobilize nomadic countries derived from Huns (meaning Huns before the Huns were divided into East and West) such as scholars was because Goguryeo and the conquered people were engaged in their intended operations. Goguryeo received taxes in return for guaranteeing their original community order and production style to ethnic groups such as Ji Du-woo, a Malgal scholar, and especially secured labor and military service. This is also called the secular system or heterogeneous slavery based on the public collection relationship. The Goguryeo Empire effectively and appropriately used the subjugated horse-riding people, which posed a great threat to the newly born Han national leader and party. The reason why Su and Tang fought with Goguryeo was that Goguryeo could be fatally injured if it attacked them in conjunction with the descendants of Huns scattered in northern China. Therefore, it can be seen that Su and Tang at that time recognized the battle against Goguryeo as a battle between Korea and the Huns. Despite the crushing defeat of the Sui Dynasty by mobilizing 300,000 people, his son Yangje once again clung to the invasion of Goguryeo because Goguryeo was the loser of Northeast Asia, which controls the Kitan and Malgal tribes. In particular, it is presumed that Yangje decided to invade Goguryeo because he thought that Goguryeo and the stone might unite to attack Sui after encountering a Goguryeo lion when Yangje visited the Kahan barracks in 607. Therefore, interrupting the alliance between Goguryeo and Buyong forces was an urgent priority for Yangje. When Baekje and Silla, which were wary of Goguryeo's southward, asked for aid and even created a justification for the invasion, the Sui Dynasty launched an all-out war against Goguryeo. However, the Sui Dynasty was defeated by Goguryeo and Malgal forces, and Tang's attack was also lost. Later history shows that the Tang Dynasty allied with Silla to destroy Goguryeo, but was defeated in the struggle against Unified Silla and handed over the initiative of the Korean Peninsula to Silla. Recognizing the Goguryeo king as a predecessor of the Huns, the Chinese people very negatively recognize that China was ruled by the No. 5 16 Kingdom, which was the "rise of the northern minority forces." This is because the northern mounted people who thought they were not Chinese ruled China. However, Goguryeo, a mounted people located in northeastern China, belonged to Hunan when Hunan dominated Northeast Asia, but gradually developed into an independent empire and reigned as a loser in Northeast Asia after Hunan collapsed. This fact can be seen from the fact that Goguryeo played a leading role among the leaders of the northern horse-riding people by turning Seonbi, the leading force that built the 5th 16th country, into a subordinate power. However, a Chinese historical data confirms this situation. When the Chinese Central Committee was in a chaotic state due to the Five, Five, and Wei Triangle relationship, Emperor Son Kwon of the Onara, the main player of the Three Kingdoms, sent Sagong and Jinsoon to Goguryeo in the 7th year of King Dongcheon (234), to take control of the Yodong Peninsula. At this time, Son Kwon sent clothes and treasures together, calling King Dongcheon of Goguryeo "Sunwoo," which means the head of the Huns. According to Professor Shin Hyung-sik of Ewha Womans University, the situation at the time was as follows. In 233, Oh's Son Kwon sent a death diagnosis, Jangwi, and Dudeok to Gong Jeong-yeon. However, when Gong Jeong-yeon tried to kill them, Jin-yeong and Hwang-gang ran away and went to King Dongcheon of Goguryeo, and they drifted to the Yodong coast due to wind waves and lost all documents and materials to the officials. The king of Dongcheon did not know their tricks and sent them back to the Five Kingdoms and sent gifts. In response, Oh's son Kwon sent lions Sagong, Jungseo, and Jinsoon to Goguryeo in 234 to honor Dongcheon King Sunwoo and send gifts (Bookbong is a diplomatic custom of formal diplomatic relations and does not mean the relationship between the master and his servant).

Kursk vs. Warfare

 The German army showed strong offensive capabilities in the 1943 Siege of Harikov, but did not have the power to launch an anti-air offensive as widely as before. However, Hitler tried to lead the country afterwards by winning a great victory without much damage anywhere on the front line. The right place for this was the protrusion west of Kursk.   The German plan was to stage a strong attack on Kursk from the south and north of the front bulge, surrounding and destroying Soviet forces (the Central Front and the Voronege Front) concentrating there. On 15 April 1943, Hitler ordered the preparation of Operation Kursk, named "Zitadelle".   The Germans moved their operational reserves to the Central and Southern armies (Major General Günter von Klugge) and formed three Assault Manstein units, somewhat reducing the defenses of the adjacent areas. A 9th Army (Senior Walther Model) was deployed south of Orel, and a 4th Tank Army (Senior Hermann Hort) was deployed near Belgorod, and an "Armee-Abteilung Kempf" was formed. Operation Chittadelle included seven and five tank corps, 34 infantry divisions, 14 tank divisions, two armoured infantry divisions, three independent heavy tank battalions, and eight assault artillery units. This was equivalent to more than 17% of the infantry divisions, 70% of the tank divisions and 30% of the armoured ammunition divisions that the Germans mobilized throughout the Eastern Front.   A major feature of the Kursk defense is that, for the first time two years after Germany invaded the Soviet Union, the Soviet command was able to accurately predict the enemy's main strategic advance and prepare for it.   In the spring of 1943, an analysis of the situation of the Central Front and the Voronege Front forces predicted that the German command would seek revenge for the Battle of Stalingrad near Kursk, based on a short-term strategic simulation conducted in April of the same year.   Two proposals came from the Soviet Union's chief of staff and the Supreme Command regarding the German counterattack plan. One is the plan to launch a strong preemptive strike without waiting for the start of the German army's The second was to deploy a heavy defense position with large-scale artillery, preventing German attacks, consuming the enemy's strength, and then deploying three new reserve forces to fight back. The discussion concluded when Prime Minister Georgi Zhukov supported the first proposal as a "reproduction of the summer of 1942" in which the German forces fought back against an early Soviet attack and the main force was surrounded. Stalin also agreed with Marshal Zukov's argument, and the defense strategy of the second proposal was accepted.