A comparison between the British Navy and the naval forces.

 There is still a lack of research on Panokseon and Joseon naval forces. Only when these studies are conducted first can they be properly compared to other countries' navy. This kind of comparison is meaningful, too, but... That's a bummer. In conclusion, it is a little difficult to conclude that the Joseon Navy is weak. At that time, the navigation of European countries varies widely, but it is impossible to compare uniformly under the name of the European Navy.It's not easy to narrow the comparison target and compare it with the British Navy. The Imjin War was in 1592, and the battle between the British Navy and the Spanish invincible fleet was in 1588, so let's compare it with the British fleet at that time. First of all, by the 1590s, the decontamination of British Navy ships has not yet been carried out properly. Some of the vessels used by Henry Great (Henry Gracedio) as flagboats were super-large ships close to 1,000 tons, while the rest of the warships were not that large, and there were many temporary warships requisitioned from merchant ships. At that time, the British Navy was not a navy that was properly formulated like the Joseon Navy. Even after the British Navy built a ship rating regulation in the future, it did not build only ships of the same standard as the Joseon Navy. After making it moderately, it was classified into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 equations depending on the number of crew members or the number of ships mounted. Therefore, it is very difficult to compare uniformly. Except for Henry Great, Drake's flagship, Revenge or Howard's flagship Acroyal, and the Regent, among the British Navy ships of 1588, are over 800 tons. The drainage of Panokseon and Turtle Ship is uncertain, but according to the calculation of the late Professor Kim Jae-geun, a professor of shipbuilding engineering at Seoul National University, Panokseon is 227 tons and Turtle Ship is 285 tons. It is clear that Joseon's main warships are small compared to large British ships. However, even in the British fleet, the number of large ships approaching 800 tons is very small. At the time of the showdown between the British Fleet and the Spanish invincible Fleet, there were only 13 ships over 500 tons in the British Navy, including Henry Great and Acroyal, and the remaining 150 ships were all between 100 and 150 tons. And there were about 20 ships that were less than 100 tons. Rather, ships smaller than Panokseon were the main force of the British Navy, and these ships were not permanent naval forces, but many of them were suddenly pulled out. On the other hand, in 1593, the Joseon Navy, which was at its peak, had 250 Panok ships of 227 tons. The above-mentioned large British ships of 800 tons or more were also equipped with only 20 to 46 cannons in practice, regardless of the maximum number of artillery available. Considering that the number of panok ships loaded is 20 to 30 and the total blood of the left Suyeong Turtle Ship is 36, there is no significant difference in the amount of ship loaded in Hampo. The strength of the hull is not easy to judge, but the use of teakmok was after Britain completely controlled India as a colony of India. In the 1590s during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, British ships were mainly made of elm trees. The proportion of elm trees is 0.53, whereas the proportion of Korean red pine, the main ingredient of Panokseon, is 0.53 to 0.73. The weakest type of red pine is similar to the average of elm trees. It is difficult to reach a final conclusion about hardness only by weight without flexural strength figures, but if the weight is this much, Korean red pine will be advantageous for the basic hardness. During the Joseon Dynasty, the thickness of the outer plates of various ships was 4 to 7 inches. This is about 12-18cm. This thickness is thicker than that of modern wooden ships, and among the three Eastern countries, traditional Korean ships make the outer plate of the ship the thickest. It is one of the advantages of Panokseon. Among my data, there is no direct data on the thickness of the outer plates of British sailing ships in the 1590s, but except for 13 large ships, which are 500-1,000 tons of drainage, the rest of the British ships are likely to have thinner outer plates than Joseon Panok ships. Moreover, considering that the proportion of red pine trees themselves is higher than that of elm trees, at least British ships have a similar intensity when the outer plate is thicker than that of Joseon ships. If British ships are structurally advantageous for ocean navigation because they are sailing ships, Panokseon, a ship of the Joseon Navy, has many advantages for coastal navigation. While the British Navy has inherent limitations in using monotonous tactics centered on Danjongjin, the Joseon Navy can use various modified tactics using the small turning radius of the Panokseon. In particular, if you fought in waters with severe tidal differences along the coast of Joseon, the Joseon Navy would not be unilaterally disadvantageous. It's not easy to determine who's better than others. At the time of the showdown with the Spanish Fleet, Calverin was the most loaded cannon in the entire British Fleet, with 1,530 cannons, 344 Demi-Calverin series, 55 Canons and 43 Canon-Perier. In total, there are about 2,000 guns of the British fleet. In the case of the Joseon army, there were about 10 to 30 guns mounted on the Panokseon. In 1593, the year after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1593, when the Joseon Navy boasted its strongest, there were 250 Panokseon ships of the three provinces of Gyeongsang, Jeolla, and Chungcheong. Except for miscellaneous ships such as post-ship and narrow-line ships, the calculation of the Panokseon alone results in a huge ship loading of 250 ships x 20 doors = 5,000 doors. In the case of projectiles, the largest cannonball in the British Navy was 68 pounds (51.408 Geun). On the other hand, the Daejanggunjeon, Joseon's largest projectile, is 56 geun, which is not inferior to the cannonball of the large-caliber canon. Calverin, England's main cannonball in numbers, is 18 pounds (13.6 roots). In the case of the Joseon Navy, like the British Navy, the main focus was the Hwangja Chongtong, which had a rather small view, and many toys and bullish systems were also installed. The weight of the siege, the projectile of the Hwangja Chong, remains, but the Hwangja Chongtong is 40mm in diameter and is never pushed by Calverin. The monolith (stone bullet) fired from Joseon's toys is about 11 to 30 geun. Calverin has a maximum range of 2000m, an effective range of 300m, and a maximum and effective range of 1,500m and 250m. In the case of Hwangja Chongtong, regardless of the maximum range record, the actual experimental results of the close/habitat reached about 1,600m when the withdrawal was fired. Considering that the actual experimental results are shorter than the record at the time, the range is likely to be longer. There's not much difference in the intersection either. At that time, the projectile was a simple mass shell-solid projectile without explosive power.  If the European Navy used an Expanding Projectile like a chain shell that was not in the Joseon Navy, the Joseon Navy would not be inferior in shipbuilding because there was a series of general wars, a super-large arrow projectile that was not in Europe.   At that time, in Europe, it was the time to finish the transition from crude assembly to electric casting, and in the East, casting technology was already completed. During the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, Europe was ahead of Joseon in the technology of Hujangpo, but overall, the technology and performance of the ship were not unilaterally ahead of those of the East. One decisive difference is that the Joseon Navy failed to achieve qualitative innovation during or after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, while the technological revolution that began in the 15th century continued to explode in Europe, at least in the early 17th century, in the first half of the 1600s. While Joseon was in place, the European Navy, led by Britain, continued to undergo a qualitative revolution.  If the Joseon Navy fought a coastal naval battle in the 1590s, it was clear that it had such a powerful power that it was hard to determine superiority and inferiority with the British Navy of the same period. However, just decades later, the British Navy overwhelms the Joseon Navy. And the British Navy is not just a strong European, but a foundation for building a world empire. The British Navy continued a virtuous cycle by pulling out investments as it played a supportive role in overseas trade that made Britain rich, but the Joseon Navy was a defensive naval force to defend pirates, so despite the huge investment that broke the national economy, there was little direct economic benefit.